See EDUCATION, MODERN: REFORMS, &C.: A. D. 1865-1886.
MANUEL I. (Comnenus),
Emperor in the East (Byzantine, or Greek), A. D. 1143-1181.
Manuel II. (Palæologus),
Greek Emperor of Constantinople, 1391-1425.
MANX KINGDOM, The.
The Isle of Man in the Irish Sea gets its English name, Man,
by an abbreviation of the native name, Mannin, the origin of
which is unknown. The language, called Manx (now little used),
and the inhabitants, called Manxmen, are both of Gaelic, or
Irish derivation. From the sixth to the tenth century the
island was successively ruled by the Scots (Irish), the Welsh
and the Norwegians, finally becoming a separate petty kingdom,
with Norwegian claims upon it. In the thirteenth century the
little kingdom was annexed to Scotland. Subsequently, after
various vicissitudes, it passed under English control and was
granted by Henry IV. to Sir John Stanley. The Stanleys, after
some generations, found a dignity which they esteemed higher,
in the earldom of Derby, and relinquished the title of King of
Man. This was done by the second Earl of Derby, 1505. In 1765
the sovereignty and revenues of the island were purchased by
the British government; but its independent form of government
has undergone little change. It enjoys "home rule" to
perfection. It has its own legislature, called the Court of
Tynwald, consisting of a council, or upper chamber, and a
representative body called the House of Keys. Acts of the
imperial parliament do not apply to the Isle of Man unless it
is specifically named in them. It has its own courts, with
judges called deemsters (who are the successors of the ancient
Druidical priests), and its own governor, appointed by the
crown. The divisions of the island, corresponding to English
counties, are called sheadings.
_S. Walpole,
The Land of Home Rule._
ALSO IN:
_H. I. Jenkinson,
Guide to Isle of Man._
_Hall Caine,
The Little Manx Nation.
Our Own Country,
volume 5._
See
MONAPIA:
and NORMANS: 8TH-9TH CENTURIES.
{2087}
MANZIKERT, Battle of (1071).
See TURKS: A. D. 1063-1073.
MAONITES, The.
"We must … regard them as a remnant of the Amorites, which,
in later times, … spread to the west of Petra."
_H. Ewald,
History of Israel,
introduction, section 4._
MAORIS.
MAORI WAR.
See NEW ZEALAND: THE ABORIGINES: A. D. 1853-1883;
also, MALAYAN RACE.
MAPOCHINS, The.
See CHILE: A. D. 1450-1724.
MAQUAHUITL, The.
This was a weapon in use among the Mexicans when the Spaniards
found them. It "was a stout stick, three feet and a half long,
and about four inches broad, armed on each side with a sort of
razors of the stone itztli (obsidian), extraordinarily sharp,
fixed and firmly fastened to the stick with gum lack. … The
first stroke only was to be feared, for the razors became soon
blunt."
_F. S. Clavigero,
History of Mexico,
book 7._
ALSO IN:
_Sir A. Helps,
The Spanish Conquest of America,
book 10 (volume 2)._