A Roman town in Britain which occupied the site of the modern
city of Manchester.
_T. Wright,
Celt, Roman and Saxon,
chapter 5._
MANDANS,
MANDANES, The.
See AMERICAN ABORIGINES: SIOUAN FAMILY.
MANDATA, Roman Imperial.
See CORPUS JURIS CIVILIS.
MANDUBII, The.
A tribe in ancient Gaul, which occupied part of the modern
French department of the Côte-d'Or and whose chief town was
Alesia, the scene of Cæsar's famous siege.
_Napoleon III.,
History of Cæsar,
book 3, chapter 2, footnote (volume 2)._
MANETHO, List of.
"Of all the Greek writers who have treated of the history of
the Pharaohs, there is only one whose testimony has, since the
deciphering of the hieroglyphics, preserved any great value—a
value which increases the more it is compared with the
original monuments; we speak of Manetho. Once he was treated
with contempt; his veracity was disputed, the long series of
dynasties he unfolds to our view was regarded as fabulous.
Now, all that remains of his work is the first of an
authorities for the reconstruction of the ancient history of
Egypt. Manetho, a priest of the town of Sebennytus, in the
Delta, wrote in Greek, in the reign of Ptolemy Philadelphus, a
history of Egypt, founded on the official archives preserved
in the temples. Like many other books of antiquity, this
history has been lost; we possess now a few fragments only,
with the list of all the kings placed by Manetho at the end of
his work—a list happily preserved in the writings of some
chronologers of the Christian epoch. This list divides into
dynasties, or royal families, all the kings who reigned
successively in Egypt down to the time of Alexander."
_F. Lenormant,
Manual of Ancient History of the East,
book 3, chapter 1, section 2 (volume 1)._
See, also,
EGYPT: ITS HISTORICAL ANTIQUITY.
----------MANHATTAN ISLAND: Start--------
MANHATTAN ISLAND:
Its aboriginal People and name.
"The earliest notice we have of the island which is now
adorned by a beautiful and opulent city is to be found in
Hudson's journal. 'Mana-hata' is therein mentioned, in
reference to the hostile people whom he encountered on his
return from his exploring of the river, and who resided on
this island. De Laet … calls those wicked people Manatthans,
and names the river Manhattes. … Hartger calls the Indians
and the island Mahattan. … In some of the early transactions
of the colony, it is spelled Monhattoes, Munhatos, and
Manhattoes. Professor Ebeling says, that at the mouth of the
river lived the Manhattans or Manathanes (or as the Englishmen
commonly called it, Manhados), who kept up violent animosities
with their neighbours, and were at first most hostile towards
the Dutch, but suffered themselves to be persuaded afterwards
to sell them the island, or at least that part of it where New
York now stands. Manhattan is now the name, and it was, when
correctly adopted, so given by the Dutch, and by them it not
only distinguished the Indians, the island and the river, but
it was a general name of their plantations. … Mr.
Heckewelder observes that hitherto an his labours had been
fruitless in inquiring about a nation or tribe of Indians
called the 'Manhattos' or 'Manathones'; Indians both of the
Mahicanni and Delaware nations assured him that they never had
heard of any Indian tribe by that name. He says he is
convinced that it was the Delawares or Munseys (which last was
a branch of the Delawares) who inhabited that part of the
country where New York now is. York Island is called by the
Delawares to this day [1824] Manahattani or Manahachtanink.
The Delaware word for 'Island' is 'Manátey'; the Monsey word
for the same is 'Manáchtey' … Dr. Barton also has given as
his belief that the Manhattæ were a branch of the Munsis."
_J. V. N. Yates and J. W. Moulton,
History of the State of New York,
volume 1, pages 223-224._
ALSO IN:
_Memorial History of the City of New York,
volume 1, chapter 2._
See, also,
AMERICAN ABORIGINES: DELAWARES,
and ALGONQUIAN FAMILY.
MANHATTAN ISLAND: A. D. 1613.
First settlements.
Argall's visit.
See NEW YORK: A. D. 1610-1614.
----------MANHATTAN ISLAND: End--------
{2084}
MANICHEANS, The.
"A certain Mani (or Manes, as the ecclesiastical writers call
him), born in Persia about A. D. 240, grew to manhood under
Sapor, exposed to … various religious influences. … With a
mind free from prejudice and open to conviction, he studied the
various systems of belief which he found established in
Western Asia—the Cabalism of the Babylonian Jews, the Dualism
of the Magi, the mysterious doctrines of the Christians, and
even the Buddhism of India. At first he inclined to
Christianity, and is said to have been admitted to priest's
orders and to have ministered to a congregation; but after a
time he thought that he saw his way to the formation of a new
creed, which should combine all that was best in the religious
systems which he was acquainted with, and omit what was
superfluous or objectionable. He adopted the Dualism of the
Zoroastrians, the metempsychosis of India, the angelism and
demonism of the Talmud and Trinitarianism of the Gospel of
Christ. Christ himself he identified with Mithra, and gave Him
his dwelling in the sun. He assumed to be the Paraclete
promised by Christ, who should guide men into all truth, and
claimed that his 'Ertang,' a sacred book illustrated by
pictures of his own painting, should supersede the New
Testament. Such pretensions were not likely to be tolerated by
the Christian community; and Manes had not put them forward
very long when he was expelled from the church and forced to
carry his teaching elsewhere. Under these circumstances he is
said to have addressed himself to Sapor [the Persian king],
who was at first inclined to show him some favour; but when he
found out what the doctrines of the new teacher actually were,
his feelings underwent a change, and Manes, proscribed, or at
any rate threatened with penalties, had to retire into a
foreign country. … Though the morality of the Manichees was
pure, and though their religion is regarded by some as a sort
of Christianity, there were but few points in which it was an
improvement on Zoroastrianism."
_G. Rawlinson,
The Seventh Great Oriental Monarchy,
chapter 4._
First in Persia and, afterwards, throughout Christendom, the
Manicheans were subjected to a merciless persecution; but they
spread their doctrines, notwithstanding, in the west and in
the east, and it was not until several centuries had passed
that the heresy became extinct.
_J. L. Mosheim,
Christianity during the first 325 years, Third Century,
lectures 39-55._
See, also, PAULICIANS.
MANIFESTATION, The Aragonese process of.
See CORTES. THE EARLY SPANISH.
MANILIAN LAW, The.
See ROME: B. C. 69-63.
MANIMI, The.
See LYGIANS.
MANIN, Daniel, and the struggle for Venetian independence.
See ITALY: A. D.1848-1849.
MANIOTO,
MAYNO, The.
See AMERICAN ABORIGINES: ANDESIANS.