VI

One Sunday Dr. Blagovo turned up unexpectedly. He was wearing a

military tunic over a silk shirt and high boots of patent leather.

"I have come to see you," he began, shaking my hand heartily like

a student. "I am hearing about you every day, and I have been meaning

to come and have a heart-to-heart talk, as they say. The boredom

in the town is awful, there is not a living soul, no one to say a

word to. It's hot, Holy Mother," he went on, taking off his tunic

and sitting in his silk shirt. "My dear fellow, let me talk to you."

I was dull myself, and had for a long time been craving for the

society of someone not a house painter. I was genuinely glad to see

him.

"I'll begin by saying," he said, sitting down on my bed, "that I

sympathize with you from the bottom of my heart, and deeply respect

the life you are leading. They don't understand you here in the

town, and, indeed, there is no one to understand, seeing that, as

you know, they are all, with very few exceptions, regular Gogolesque

pig faces here. But I saw what you were at once that time at the

picnic. You are a noble soul, an honest, high-minded man! I respect

you, and feel it a great honour to shake hands with you!" he went

on enthusiastically. "To have made such a complete and violent

change of life as you have done, you must have passed through a

complicated spiritual crisis, and to continue this manner of life

now, and to keep up to the high standard of your convictions

continually, must be a strain on your mind and heart from day to

day. Now to begin our talk, tell me, don't you consider that if you

had spent your strength of will, this strained activity, all these

powers on something else, for instance, on gradually becoming a

great scientist, or artist, your life would have been broader and

deeper and would have been more productive?"

We talked, and when we got upon manual labour I expressed this idea:

that what is wanted is that the strong should not enslave the weak,

that the minority should not be a parasite on the majority, nor a

vampire for ever sucking its vital sap; that is, all, without

exception, strong and weak, rich and poor, should take part equally

in the struggle for existence, each one on his own account, and

that there was no better means for equalizing things in that way

than manual labour, in the form of universal service, compulsory

for all.

"Then do you think everyone without exception ought to engage in

manual labour?" asked the doctor.

"Yes."

"And don't you think that if everyone, including the best men, the

thinkers and great scientists, taking part in the struggle for

existence, each on his own account, are going to waste their time

breaking stones and painting roofs, may not that threaten a grave

danger to progress?"

"Where is the danger?" I asked. "Why, progress is in deeds of love,

in fulfilling the moral law; if you don't enslave anyone, if you

don't oppress anyone, what further progress do you want?"

"But, excuse me," Blagovo suddenly fired up, rising to his feet.

"But, excuse me! If a snail in its shell busies itself over perfecting

its own personality and muddles about with the moral law, do you

call that progress?"

"Why muddles?" I said, offended. "If you don't force your neighbour

to feed and clothe you, to transport you from place to place and

defend you from your enemies, surely in the midst of a life entirely

resting on slavery, that is progress, isn't it? To my mind it is

the most important progress, and perhaps the only one possible and

necessary for man."

"The limits of universal world progress are in infinity, and to

talk of some 'possible' progress limited by our needs and temporary

theories is, excuse my saying so, positively strange."

"If the limits of progress are in infinity as you say, it follows

that its aims are not definite," I said. "To live without knowing

definitely what you are living for!"

"So be it! But that 'not knowing' is not so dull as your 'knowing.'

I am going up a ladder which is called progress, civilization,

culture; I go on and up without knowing definitely where I am going,

but really it is worth living for the sake of that delightful ladder;

while you know what you are living for, you live for the sake of

some people's not enslaving others, that the artist and the man who

rubs his paints may dine equally well. But you know that's the

petty, bourgeois, kitchen, grey side of life, and surely it is

revolting to live for that alone? If some insects do enslave others,

bother them, let them devour each other! We need not think about

them. You know they will die and decay just the same, however

zealously you rescue them from slavery. We must think of that great

millennium which awaits humanity in the remote future."

Blagovo argued warmly with me, but at the same time one could see

he was troubled by some irrelevant idea.

"I suppose your sister is not coming?" he said, looking at his

watch. "She was at our house yesterday, and said she would be seeing

you to-day. You keep saying slavery, slavery . . ." he went on.

"But you know that is a special question, and all such questions

are solved by humanity gradually."

We began talking of doing things gradually. I said that "the question

of doing good or evil every one settles for himself, without waiting

till humanity settles it by the way of gradual development. Moreover,

this gradual process has more than one aspect. Side by side with

the gradual development of human ideas the gradual growth of ideas

of another order is observed. Serfdom is no more, but the capitalist

system is growing. And in the very heyday of emancipating ideas,

just as in the days of Baty, the majority feeds, clothes, and defends

the minority while remaining hungry, inadequately clad, and

defenceless. Such an order of things can be made to fit in finely

with any tendencies and currents of thought you like, because the

art of enslaving is also gradually being cultivated. We no longer

flog our servants in the stable, but we give to slavery refined

forms, at least, we succeed in finding a justification for it in

each particular case. Ideas are ideas with us, but if now, at the

end of the nineteenth century, it were possible to lay the burden

of the most unpleasant of our physiological functions upon the

working class, we should certainly do so, and afterwards, of course,

justify ourselves by saying that if the best people, the thinkers

and great scientists, were to waste their precious time on these

functions, progress might be menaced with great danger."

But at this point my sister arrived. Seeing the doctor she was

fluttered and troubled, and began saying immediately that it was

time for her to go home to her father.

"Kleopatra Alexyevna," said Blagovo earnestly, pressing both hands

to his heart, "what will happen to your father if you spend half

an hour or so with your brother and me?"

He was frank, and knew how to communicate his liveliness to others.

After a moment's thought, my sister laughed, and all at once became

suddenly gay as she had been at the picnic. We went out into the

country, and lying in the grass went on with our talk, and looked

towards the town where all the windows facing west were like

glittering gold because the sun was setting.

After that, whenever my sister was coming to see me Blagovo turned

up too, and they always greeted each other as though their meeting

in my room was accidental. My sister listened while the doctor and

I argued, and at such times her expression was joyfully enthusiastic,

full of tenderness and curiosity, and it seemed to me that a new

world she had never dreamed of before, and which she was now striving

to fathom, was gradually opening before her eyes. When the doctor

was not there she was quiet and sad, and now if she sometimes shed

tears as she sat on my bed it was for reasons of which she did not

speak.

In August Radish ordered us to be ready to go to the railway-line.

Two days before we were "banished" from the town my father came to

see me. He sat down and in a leisurely way, without looking at me,

wiped his red face, then took out of his pocket our town _Messenger_,

and deliberately, with emphasis on each word, read out the news

that the son of the branch manager of the State Bank, a young man

of my age, had been appointed head of a Department in the Exchequer.

"And now look at you," he said, folding up the newspaper, "a beggar,

in rags, good for nothing! Even working-class people and peasants

obtain education in order to become men, while you, a Poloznev,

with ancestors of rank and distinction, aspire to the gutter! But

I have not come here to talk to you; I have washed my hands of you

--" he added in a stifled voice, getting up. "I have come to find

out where your sister is, you worthless fellow. She left home after

dinner, and here it is nearly eight and she is not back. She has

taken to going out frequently without telling me; she is less dutiful

--and I see in it your evil and degrading influence. Where is she?"

In his hand he had the umbrella I knew so well, and I was already

flustered and drew myself up like a schoolboy, expecting my father

to begin hitting me with it, but he noticed my glance at the umbrella

and most likely that restrained him.

"Live as you please!" he said. "I shall not give you my blessing!"

"Holy Saints!" my nurse muttered behind the door. "You poor, unlucky

child! Ah, my heart bodes ill!"

I worked on the railway-line. It rained without stopping all August;

it was damp and cold; they had not carried the corn in the fields,

and on big farms where the wheat had been cut by machines it lay

not in sheaves but in heaps, and I remember how those luckless heaps

of wheat turned blacker every day and the grain was sprouting in

them. It was hard to work; the pouring rain spoiled everything we

managed to do. We were not allowed to live or to sleep in the railway

buildings, and we took refuge in the damp and filthy mud huts in

which the navvies had lived during the summer, and I could not sleep

at night for the cold and the woodlice crawling on my face and

hands. And when we worked near the bridges the navvies used to come

in the evenings in a gang, simply in order to beat the painters--

it was a form of sport to them. They used to beat us, to steal our

brushes. And to annoy us and rouse us to fight they used to spoil

our work; they would, for instance, smear over the signal boxes

with green paint. To complete our troubles, Radish took to paying

us very irregularly. All the painting work on the line was given

out to a contractor; he gave it out to another; and this subcontractor

gave it to Radish after subtracting twenty per cent. for himself.

The job was not a profitable one in itself, and the rain made it

worse; time was wasted; we could not work while Radish was obliged

to pay the fellows by the day. The hungry painters almost came to

beating him, called him a cheat, a blood-sucker, a Judas, while he,

poor fellow, sighed, lifted up his hand to Heaven in despair, and

was continually going to Madame Tcheprakov for money.