CHAPTER XII.

_He begins to preach._

WHAT he had done hitherto, with reference to the conversion of souls,

was only as necessity obliged him. The peace, and perfection of

his own soul, being his main object of concern, till providence,

having designed him for the ministry of the gospel, put him upon more

extensive measures for promoting the kingdom of Christ.

He began to consider more nearly, that souls having cost our Saviour

so dear, nothing could be done more acceptable to him than to prevent

their loss; and that the glory of God’s majesty, did most shine in

the salvation of sinners purchased with the blood of his Son. These

considerations kindled in him such love to mankind, that he could no

longer refrain from exhorting, first his Christian brethren, with all

fervour, to devote their hearts without reserve to God; and next, every

soul with whom he had any sort of intercourse. His heart bled for poor

careless sinners against God, and their own souls. The word of the

Lord was in him, so that he could not but speak. He knew not how to

forbear publishing as on the house top, that infinite love which dealt

so graciously with himself. “It is not enough that I serve our Lord:

all hearts must love him, and all tongues must praise him!”

God touched his heart in such a manner as to leave no doubt whether

this appointment was from heaven; and the concurrence of outward

providences confirmed his internal persuasion. Thus, freed from all

farther wavering and irresolution, he entered upon that employment,

which he verily believed, he would wish he had done at the hour of

death, and in the day of judgment.

Desirous therefore to exercise his Lord’s talent, and the time

affording a providential provision for it, even out of the ordinary way;

he took the opportunity of his present connexions, and without looking

farther, pursued the following measures. “I opened, (says he) my mind

to that man of God, the Rev. Mr. _John Wesley_. I spoke my thoughts

freely, and without disguise, desiring his advice on the occasion;

which he sweetly and humbly gave me: adding withal, that I might

write to him afterwards. I did so, giving him a brief account of my

conversion to God, and of what I experienced in my soul concerning

preaching. His answer was as follows,

“My dear brother,

“It is hard to judge what God has called you to, till trial is made.

Therefore when you have an opportunity, you may go to _Shronil_,

and spend two or three days with the people there. Speak to them in

_Irish_.”

_Shronil_ is a village in the county of _Tipperary_, distant from the

place he then resided at _New-Market_, about thirty _English_ miles.

The inhabitants, many of whom were Protestant Dissenters, had sometime

before gladly received the word of God from the _Methodists_. Thither

he went, accompanied by one of his own brothers, and another of his

Christian brethren; having been commended to the grace of our Lord

Jesus Christ, by the earnest prayers of several of the children of God.

“We walked it, (says he) and gave ourselves to prayer, conversing of

the things of the kingdom of heaven, and exhorting those we met with in

the way to fear the Lord, and depart from evil.”

They arrived there the next day, which was in _July 1750_. The brethren

received them kindly in the Lord, though they were unknown to them

by face. And having had knowledge of his errand, and informed their

neighbours, there assembled in the evening, a considerable congregation,

to whom, for the first time, he preached the word of God, choosing for

his text, the words of St. _Paul_, _Therefore we conclude that a man is

justified by faith without the deeds of the law_.

He did so again the next morning, on _Being justified by faith, we have

peace with God, through our Lord Jesus Christ_, (Romans v. 1.) and in

like manner, morning and evening, during the few days he stayed among

them.

And the Lord bore testimony to the word of his grace. For although some,

(as has always been the case,) contradicted and mocked, yet others were

deeply affected, and some were _turned to the Lord_, “So gracious was

God (as he adds) to own the labour of his poor creature, and to bless

the word of his weakest and meanest messenger. Not unto me, but unto

thy name be the glory! O God, thou hast done the work. Thou didst give

the word, and didst also apply it; for thou only canst turn the hearts

of the disobedient to the wisdom of the just. O my God, stand by me

still; and as hitherto thou hast helped me, never leave nor forsake me:

but keep my soul in peace, and give me a humble, and a meek spirit. Let

me labour diligently in thy _vineyard_, and spend my life and strength

in the labour of love. Amen, Lord Jesus!”

Thus have we brought to a conclusion what was proposed in this first

part; having seen him from his youth, through the various travels of

his soul, the whole process of his conversion, till his heart being at

liberty, he began to publish the _voice of_ wisdom to all around him.

It remains, to give some account of his labours, trials, and success

in the Lord’s work, together with the general tenor of his experience,

till God was pleased to call him hence.

PART II.

CHAPTER I.

_Of his entire application to preaching the gospel._

IT being now, no longer matter of doubt, what the will of God was

concerning him; trial having been made, and the fruit answering to

the design, he resolved to defer no longer, stirring up the gift of

God which was in him. Setting aside therefore every other concern,

and employment, he devoted himself entirely to the work of which he

believed God had assigned him. He set out with a resolution to give

himself up wholly to the dictates of the _Holy Ghost_, and to be

ready to go what way soever the voice of heaven should call him. And

that his understanding might not be dissipated, and scattered upon

divers objects, and so have less force to enter deep into the things

of God, he began his work with applying himself altogether to the

study of the holy scriptures, and to prayer. And the proficiency which

by those means he made daily, in _the wisdom that is from above_,

quickly appeared. He truly laboured in the word, and faithfully and

fervently enforced the divine truths he learned there from. His soul

became strangely enlarged in labours of love for the salvation of his

neighbour; while he imparted to them abundantly what God had so richly,

and so freely bestowed upon him.

The words of our Lord Jesus Christ were in general exceeding precious

to him; and from his first acquaintance with them, his whole delight

and his counsellors. The whole of his following conduct to his death,

seemed influenced by those words of Christ (applicable to all real

Christians) _Ye are the salt of the earth. Ye are the light of the

world. A city set upon an hill cannot be hid: neither do men_ (much

less God) _light a candle, to put it under a bushel_, that is, hide

it; _but on a candlestick_, that it may give light to all about it.

And now, the divine providence concurring with his convictions and

inclination, made his way clear, to put into execution what he had been

so long deliberating upon. Conferring therefore no longer with flesh

and blood, and resolving to deny himself, and take up his cross to

follow Jesus, he bid farewel to his kindred, and to his acquaintance

in general. Choosing the Lord for his sole portion, he literally left

all, and went out into the wide world, entirely unanxious about what

he should eat, or what he should drink, or wherewithal he should be

cloathed, being fully persuaded, that an entire reliance on God was

all things. He went to spend his life in beseeching sinners to be

reconciled to God. Thus,

“By Christ himself ordain’d and sent,

An herald of redeeming grace,

Eager to the highways he went,

And fill’d the land with Jesu’s praise!”

This was about the latter end of _August 1750_, when going from the

place of his nativity to _Limerick_, he had daily opportunity of

publishing those glad tidings, which he first heard in that city, and

which became the power of God to his salvation. At first, he commonly

expounded the scriptures every morning: and after a little while,

both evening and morning, with much earnestness exhorted and besought

multitudes, who attended his discourses, to _seek the_ Lord _while he

may be found_.

And it pleased God immediately to bear testimony to _the word of his

grace_ by him. Several persons who heard him, and who, till then,

had been careless and utterly unconcerned about the matter, became

seriously concerned for their salvation; while in the mean time others,

who had been deeply distressed with the guilt of sin, felt his word,

the power of God unto salvation.

He was about this time called to bear reproach for his work’s sake. The

minds of some persons became evil affected towards him. The interests

of _the God of this world_, had already suffered loss by his zeal, and

unwearied diligence, and they were in danger of suffering yet more.

_Satan_ therefore by every means endeavoured to prevent the fruit of

his labours.

His unpolished youth; his roughness both of address and dialect, owing

partly to natural temper, partly to having been brought up much in

the country, and partly to his having been formerly of the church of

_Rome_¹; but more than all, his being a native of that neighbourhood,

gave some persons occasion for being deeply offended at him, who

expressed it by their unkind, and uncivil treatment towards him. This

I had from some of the persons themselves, a considerable time after,

who mentioned it to their own reproach, that he, whom then they so

loved and honoured was nevertheless, once the object of their scorn.

¹ There is in some parts of _Ireland_ a very remarkable

difference between the _dialect_ of the _Protestants_, and

_Romanists_, even of the same county or parish. What is

called the _brogue_, in its excess is a sort of _Shibboleth_

for the latter; and among the younger sort of Protestants

especially, a term of reproach. I remember it was a very

common objection to him, when he preached first in the town

of my nativity.

But as he sought not his own things, neither strove to please man,

having in view only the glory of God, and the good of souls, this

did not in the least damp his fervour, or retard his progress. As

he saw daily the fruit of his labours, so he was not to be hindered,

or discouraged by any treatment of himself; rather he rejoiced in

_contempt_ for his master’s sake.

He had _put his hand to the plough_ (_Luke ix. 62._) and having counted

the cost, settled it in his heart not to look back. He waxed still

stronger, and grew every day more mighty in the scriptures, and in

conformity to our Lord, as well as more instrumental in bringing others

acquainted with _the only true_ God, and our Saviour Jesus Christ.

There are many instances of the good effects of these his first labours.

It plainly appeared that the word of God in his mouth was attended with

the power of the Holy Ghost. It was not an uncommon case, for persons

to be so penetrated by his fervent discourses, as to resolve not to

leave the place, till they should find rest in their souls, and the

instances were not a few, to whom the God of love condescended even

in this particular by sending then _the Spirit of adoption into their

hearts_, testifying _Thy sins are forgiven_; and enabling them _to cry

Abba Father_.

His time was now wholly taken up in searching, expounding, and

enforcing the scriptures, which he did both in public and in private;

and prayer, visiting the sick, and whatsoever other particular

employments occasional, or stated, had any relation to his one purpose

of spending, and being spent in the service of his master. And having

been thus employed at _Limerick_ for some time, it was judged expedient,

that he should go and preach the gospel in other places also.

CHAPTER II.

_He goes into the provinces of Leinster and Connought and

preaches the word there._

HIS way into those parts had, in some degree, been prepared before him:

many having received that gospel, which he preached from others of his

brethren. He followed them flaming with desire for the salvation of

souls, and with zeal for the glory of his master. By this stripling

many stout-hearted _Goliah’s_ were reduced to _the obedience of_ Christ.

His labours now, were greater than he had hitherto known; for beside

preaching always twice, and sometimes thrice a day, he often travelled

many miles between. But it was rendered pleasant to him, doing it

heartily as to the Lord. Where love is, there is no labour, and if

there be labour, the labour is loved. Yes, it carries a burden without

a burden. His endeavours were crown’d with much success. Multitudes of

people of all denominations attended his preaching, wherever he came;

so that in a little time he was generally known all around the country.

Now therefore did the God of this world stir up his emissaries. He has

been sometimes waylaid in his journey, and escaped their hands, only

by remarkable interpositions of divine providence. It may be tedious to

enumerate all the instances. The following I set down abridged from his

journal.

“_Thursday, January 4, 1750._ With much weakness of body, I preached

this morning, and soon after set out for _Rosgrea_. About a mile from

the town I met a large company armed with clubs. Seventy-eight men were

sworn upon the occasion. At the first sight of them I was a little

daunted; but I prayed to the Lord for direction, and was strengthened.

They compelled me to alight, saying, They would bring a minister of the

church of _England_ and a _Romish_ priest to talk with me. I let them

know, I preached not against any particular church, but against sin

and wickedness in _all_. I said, supposing three persons among you of

different denominations; it may be a Churchman, a Quaker, and Papist,

sitting down and drinking to excess, begin to dispute, each affirming,

that his was the best religion: where is the religion of all these men?

Surely they are without any, unless it be that of _Belial_. They are of

their father the devil, while his works they do.”

“After some further discourse on the design of my coming to preach

to them, and appealing to themselves concerning the necessity of it,

their rage seemed abated, and then told me, they would let me go on

condition that I would swear never more to come to _Rosgrea_. But

when I resolutely refused this, they consulted on rougher measures;

and after much debate, were determined to put me into a well, which

they had prepared for that purpose. They hurried me away into the

town, where I was surrounded as by so many human wolves. They held a

consultation again, and resolved either to make me swear, or to put

me into the well. But I refused either to swear or promise. Some then

cried vehemently ‘Put him in,’ but others as positively said, ‘They

should not.’

“After some time the parish minister came, who behaved well, and

desired I might be set at liberty. They consented, provided I would

go out of town immediately. From an inn, where they confined me, they

brought me out into the street, and it being market-day, I began to

preach to the people. But taking me by the back, they hurl’d me before

them out of town. At length I got on horseback, and taking off my hat,

I prayed for them some considerable time. I then called upon them in

the name of God, for Christ’s sake, to repent; and told them, as to

myself, in the cause of God, I feared neither devils nor men; that to

do their souls good was my sole motive of coming among them, and that

if God permitted, they might put me in the well, or stone me; be it how

it would, I was content.”

“I came off from them at length in peace of conscience, and serenity of

mind. From the first of it to the last, I was not the least disturbed,

nor stirred in anger or malice towards them. O God, it is thou alone

that hast wrought this deliverance for me.”

He abode in those parts for some months, and went through both evil

and good report. While going about daily, he endeavoured, by all means

the conversion of their souls. He often wanted proper necessaries

for his body, and much impaired his health, through the greatness of

his fatigues. But this by no means dampt the concern which he felt

for perishing sinners, great numbers of whom were present to his view

wherever he came. A desire of being instrumental towards opening their

eyes, and turning them to God, brought him among them; nor could any

personal inconveniences alter his purpose, till providence directed his

way elsewhere.

CHAPTER III.

_Some farther account of the trouble he met with on account of

preaching the gospel._

OUR Saviour, said of his kingdom, If it were of this world, then would

my servants fight, that I should not be delivered into your hands.

_Satan_ on the contrary, is said to be the prince, and _god of this

world_. And how numerous are his poor vassals! When therefore his

servants perceive their master’s kingdom in danger, they do fight, lest

it should be subjected to its rightful Lord.

And hence only can be accounted for that opposition, which this servant

of Christ, burning with desire to promote his kingdom, met with among

most denominations of Christians, so called, wherever he came. Some, it

is true, in almost every place, received the word gladly; while others

not only did not regard it, but treated him with unkindness, even to

abusive language, blows, or imprisonment.

The following instance, and which was the occasion of my first

knowledge of him, happened in the town of my nativity, about twenty

miles from the city of _Cork_.

At the repeated request of some of the inhabitants, he went thither

accompanied by a few friends from the town of _Bandon, June 11,

1752_. The magistrate, who was also rector of the parish, the Rev.

Mr. _William Ellis_, was applied to for the use of the market-house;

which being refused, it was proposed, that he should preach at a small

distance from the town. Thither he went accompanied by multitudes to

whom, under the canopy of heaven, near a spacious strand, and shaded by

a spreading tree, he affectionately declared the gospel of the grace of

God.

By the time he had got to the place appointed, the magistrate, had sent

his serjeants to forbid him preaching, “But being (to use his own words)

of the opinion, that it was better to obey God than man,” he stept up

upon a table prepared for that purpose, and immediately opening his

little bible read to them, _Job xxi. 3._ _Suffer me that I may speak,

and after that I have spoken, mock on._ The seasonable singularity of

the text, so excited their attention, that they permitted him to finish

quietly.

The word was with power. Several faces were turned to paleness and wet

with tears, while he urged it home upon the conscience, that _our_ sins

were the betrayers and murderers of the Son of God.

On his return into the town, he was seized by the officers, and brought

before the magistrate, followed by an astonished multitude. Being

asked many and various questions concerning _this way_, he answered

fully, and without fear. The conversation lasted near an hour, in

which he largely explained himself, giving the reasons of his conduct;

and alledging in its behalf, precedents both from scripture and from

antiquity.

But Mr. _Ellis_, having predetermined what he would do, was not to be

moved by arguments. He therefore let him know, that unless he would

promise to preach no more in _this way_, at least not in those parts,

he should be committed to prison without delay. He replied, “That as

he had been so earnestly importuned to come there, he could not, in

conscience, promise not to come;” and asked, “Are there no swearers,

drunkards, sabbath-breakers, and the like, in those parts?” Being

answered, “There are.” He added, that if after he had preached there

a few times, there appeared to be no reformation among them, he would

never come thither more. But this not satisfying, he was ordered to

prison. He went thither with all readiness, and esteemed it matter of

thanksgiving, that his Lord counted him worthy, to suffer reproach for

his name’s-sake.

Several persons accompanied him into the prison, where, he, with his

friends, sang praises to God, and exhorted the people. The street was

crouded, some saying one thing, and some another; in general however,

they were displeased at his confinement; and almost the whole town

seemed concerned in his behalf. He still (as far as his voice would

reach) preached to them thro’ the window.

The inhabitants shewed the utmost civility towards him; and not knowing

how long he might be confined, provided bedding and provision for him

and his companions. But it was not long before the magistrate sent to

let him go. Coming out, and seeing such a number of people, he would

fain, have preached to them; but was dissuaded by his friends. He then

went to a private room, and exhorted till ten o’clock, as many as came

to him.

He went thither twice afterwards, and tho’ with much contradiction,

preached to them that gospel, which is _the power of God unto

salvation_. His endeavours were not all lost. There are to this hour

some of the fruit of his labours in that place; persons to whom,

because of the blessing which God made him to their souls, his memory

will be ever precious.

The following instance happened in the north of _Ireland_, some time

after, at a place called _New-Town_, whether he went on the Lord’s day.

At the desire of several persons, he intended to have preached in a

place called the _Church Green_, where were assembled, a large company

to hear him. But while his hands were lifted up in prayer, there

came one Mr. _Mortimer_, a presbyterian, and with him several hundred

persons, who taking hold of him by the breast, pulled him with violence

to the ground. They hauled him thro’ the mob, and had well nigh choaked

him, when one Mr. _Biers_ freed him from the hands of him who held him.

But for this he was soon struck to the ground himself.

Being got free, it grieved him exceedingly to see such a willing

multitude disappointed; so he went to a place at some distance from the

former. But here likewise, by the time he had begun, the same persons

pursued him. Perceiving therefore that it was vain to attempt preaching,

he retired to a little house in a garden, at some small distance. But

neither here could he be at rest; the mob followed, and to avoid their

fury, he was obliged to wade thro’ wet meadows, and then climb over the

mountains, till ‘wet and weary, we (he had one person with him) came

to the house of one Mr. _Ambey_, who supplied us with all we wanted.’

His tender, broken constitution could not however, endure this fatigue,

without feeling its effects. He was obliged in a few days to take to

his bed, where a fever confined him for some time.

It need not be dissembled, that the authors of this outrage towards a

stranger, chargeable with no crime save that of endeavouring to save

souls from death, were a company of _Presbyterians_! But alas! what

are names? “Liberty of conscience, and right of private judgement,” are

good and specious words. But how reconcilable they are to such conduct

as this let all the world judge.

The state of his heart, on that occasion, he expresses thus. “In the

midst of it all, my mind was calm. I had no remarkable consolation, or

fear, or sorrow. I prayed for them, and do still pray God to forgive

them, and not lay this sin to their charge.”

I pass over a number of other instances of the opposition he met with,

of a private as well as public nature; and only mention these, as

a specimen of the malice which _Satan_ bears to God’s kingdom, and

servants.

CHAPTER IV.

_A short account of the endeavours of the Romish clergy, to

prevent his usefulness among their people. The means he made

use of to instruct them, and the success which he met with

therein._

NOTWITHSTANDING the strict laws which are in force, to prevent the

propagation of Popery in these kingdoms, and to restrain the attempts

of _Romish_ priests and jesuits; it is no secret, that both in

_Ireland_ and _England_, their endeavours, are as unwearied as ever.

They compass sea and land all round the globe, and hardly stick at any

thing that may contribute towards their making proselytes.

The endeavours of this servant of Christ, to convert to him members

of that communion, stirred up their clergy against him wherever he

came. His name was well known in all their churches; and in whatsoever

place there appeared but a probability of his coming, the priests took

care, to render him as obnoxious to the people as they possibly could;

insomuch, that they stuck at nothing, though never so false, to compass

their end. They however carefully avoided his having opportunity to

talk with themselves. I do not find that from the time of his leaving

their communion, he had ever any settled personal interviews with

them, although for the sake of their poor ignorant people, for whom he

had the tenderest compassion, he has frequently desired it; sometimes

even in public. One ♦occasional conversation only, with one of their

priests, on board a ship, in a passage from _England_ to _Dublin_,

he relates, as follows, “We discoursed on the following particulars.

1. The Pope’s infallibility. 2. Transubstantiation. 3. Invocation of

saints. 4. Purgatory. But he could not withstand the force of plain

scripture, and therefore withdrew. The company were greatly pleased to

find, how little the _Romish_ clergy have to say for themselves, when

opposed by arguments taken from scripture and reason.”

♦ “occcasional” replaced with “occasional”

In one place, (_C――――l_) the priest informed his congregation, (to such

low shifts were they driven) and industriously spread abroad, “that he

had been a servant boy to a certain priest, and that having stolen his

master’s books, he learned to preach by that means.”

The conduct of another of them at _Cork_, was still more extraordinary.

There was in that place a vast resort of _Catholics_ (so called) to his

sermons, which were often under the open firmament, as well as daily

within doors, both in _Irish_ and _English_; and among the _Romanists_,

who were happily stirred up thereby to a concern for their salvation,

there was one elderly woman, who had been in some religious office

among them. She entirely forsook their communion, constantly attended

his sermons, and thenceforward, received the Lord’s supper in the

church of _England_.

The _Romish_ priests became strangely irritated, and laboured

vehemently to stop the growing evil; to which end, one of them affirmed

to the people, that “As to that _Walsh_, who had some time before

turned heretic, and went about preaching, he had been dead long ago:

and that he, who then preached in this manner, was but the devil in his

shape.”

But their endeavours, proved in great measure ineffectual; for, however

a few persons might receive ill impressions from such insinuations; yet

several of their communion in many places heard him gladly, and would

not be hindered therefrom. Rather, the more the priests urged them,

they prevailed the less. His labours, and prayers, and tears, for their

poor straying souls, over whom his bowels so often yearned, had, on

many the desired effect; being thereby, not only reformed from Popery,

but really converted to God.

Of the common natives of _Ireland_, it has been frequently observed,

that of all the natives of the globe, there are none who exceed

them for hospitality, good nature, and susceptibility of religious

impressions. It might well therefore, occasion the ‘yearning of the

bowels’ of this lover of souls, to see such multitudes of them detained

in total ignorance by their priests, to whom they pay the most implicit

obedience.

*And hence it was, that from the beginning of the concern which he felt

for his own soul, he set himself, by all possible means _to turn them

from darkness to light_. And whither in the highways, at inns, in the

city or country, he let slip no probable means of instructing them.

One circumstance which is much more common in _Ireland_ than _England_,

I mean the number of street beggars, furnished him with frequent

opportunities of this kind.

His manner of addressing them was easy and familiar: talking to

them always in a stile suited to their capacity and prejudices.

He avoided entirely the difference of churches, and all matter of

dispute, speaking only of the dreadful evil of sin, the great affairs

of eternal life, and eternal death, of judgment, and of the sufferings

and sacrifice of the Son of God. And his discourses had often such

immediate effect, that falling on their knees, and smiting their

breasts, they have wept, and cried for mercy, in the open streets. He

always concluded his instructions with giving them money, if he had it,

which indeed was not always the case.

It would be tedious to enumerate all the conversations, and various

intercourses which he had with members of that communion, and the good

effects which were produced by them. Two or three only, may be related

from his own accounts.

“This day ―――― came to my room. I asked him, how he hoped to be saved?

And having talked together in _Irish_ for some time, he became greatly

affected, and said, ‘I have saved some money to leave to some _Priest_

or _Friar_ when I die, in order to procure me the forgiveness of my

sins, and I am willing to leave it to you, if you will accept of it.’ I

told him, that no man could forgive his sins; that the gift of God was

not to be purchased with money; and that only the blood of Christ, our

great _High-priest_, could cleanse from sin. He was deeply wounded, and

cried earnestly to God, to whom, after prayer I commended him.”

At another time he writes, “A poor woman, a papist, came to my room,

desirous of salvation. I prayed with her in _Irish_. She frequently

fell on her knees and cried for mercy, resolving no more to regard the

priest’s curses, but to seek her salvation according as the word of God

directs.”

Again, “Being on a journey, where I breakfasted (it was a Romanist’s) I

reproved the landlord for swearing, and talked to all who were present.

I exhorted likewise a woman at the door, to seek from God, repentance

and salvation. She cried with amaze! To the blessed Virgin, and to the

twelve apostles to help her. But I taught her to direct her prayers to

God the Father, through the Lord Jesus Christ.”

*Beside his frequent occasional conversations with them, he went to as

many of their own houses as he could get admittance, where he regarded

the children and servants, even as the masters and mistresses.

But what most of all contributed to the success of his attempts for

their good, was his public preaching, to which great numbers of them

frequently resorted, wherever he came; induced thereto, chiefly by

his preaching in _Irish_, and such things as they easily understood.

There is in the _Irish_ language a peculiarly affecting expressiveness,

particularly with respect to the things of God; which, being pressed

home upon the conscience, by his zealous and alarming way of preaching,

often left them bathed in tears. I saw a very remarkable instance of

this in the town of my nativity; preaching there on a market-day, many

of the country people running with surprize to hear him, smote their

breasts and wept, in such a manner as was entirely new to them, some

affirming, that they could go all over the world with him! It may be

truly said, he seldom preached a sermon in _Irish_, from which some

of them did not receive advantage. He briefly mentions a few instances

himself, as follows,

“After preaching both in _Irish_ and _English_, a poor papist woman

came to me, saying, ‘She came for instruction; for that as she was a

poor woman, she could not have it elsewhere, and she wanted to save her

soul.’ I told her, that all which was in my power, I would do for her

willingly. She wept, and I prayed with her, pointing her for all her

soul wanted, to Jesus, who alone is _the way, the truth, and the life_.”

*Again, “_January 4, 1751_. My soul was delighted to see with what

earnestness the poor _Irish_, (meaning the _Romanists_) received the

word, being in general deeply affected. O how did they weep, and cry

for mercy! May God hear their prayer. Surely this people will rise up

in judgment against Protestants, who having the light of the gospel,

either neglect or despise it. And also against the pastors of this

ignorant people, who hold them in error. O, what have the Romish clergy

to answer for before God!”

“_April, 1751._ Many of them professed after preaching, that they

received more benefit from that one sermon, than from all the _masses_

they had attended during their whole life.”

At another time preaching concerning the good _Samaritan_ (Luke x. 30.)

“Two members of the church of _Rome_ were deeply convinced of their

want of a Saviour, and thirty-four persons joined themselves together,

to seek and serve the Lord.”

“_Friday, May 8._ I conversed with a woman who was formerly of the

church of _England_, but had been seduced by the _Romish_ priests. She

was convinced of her error and returned. To God be the glory.”

“After preaching on _John i. 17._ Sinners cried out mightily. One came

confessing her deeds and said, She had lived an adultress, worse than

_Mary Magdalen_; she wept, trembled and roared aloud.”

The circumstance of his preaching and speaking in _Irish_, (a thing

that multitudes, at least of protestants in _Ireland_ cannot do) next

to the singular blessing of God upon his labours, contributed most to

the success of his endeavours. Though it is observable that when he

preached one day in _Irish_, on _Oxmon-Town-Green_ in _Dublin_, among

those who were affected by the discourse, there was one man cut to the

heart, although he did not, at all understand the language.

In a journey once between _Cork_ and _Bandon_, he fell into

conversation with a man who rode some miles with him, till as was his

constant manner, he began to apply something to his heart, concerning

the worth of his soul, and the way of salvation. But he favouring not

the things of God, became ♦grievously offended. “His prejudice in short

ran so high, that he declared, although he were shot for it, he would

have satisfaction; adding with an oath, thou shalt never deceive

another, for I am resolved to be the death of you just now.”

♦ “grievosly” replaced with “grievously”

“I was quiet in my mind, being persuaded that the God of _Daniel_ was

still the same, I did not feel the least anger, or rising of revenge

towards him; and still reproved him whenever he swore. In the midst

of his rage I reproved him in _Irish_. He was instantly amazed; and

replied, ‘Why did you not speak _so_ to me in the beginning?’ The lion

became a lamb, and I then let him know still speaking in _Irish_, what

Christ had done for sinners. He departed with a broken heart.”

When some of them once followed him after preaching, desirous of

instruction. “I told them (says he) as to religion that it was not

a bare profession that would avail any one.――That the true way, was

to forsake sin and follow Christ; and that in order thereto, it was

needful that a person should, 1st. Be poor in spirit; _feel_ that he is

a sinner. 2dly, Mourn on that account with a broken and contrite heart.

3dly, Forsake sin by applying to the Lord for strength. 4thly, Believe

in Christ, and him only for salvation; as it is his blood alone, that

cleanseth from all unrighteousness: and 5thly, Obey the gospel by

conforming to the rules there laid down; living _soberly, righteously,

and godly in the present world_.”

This was the sum of what he taught them from time to time, as the way

of salvation, which, explained and enforced by the holy scriptures, he

opposed to every other device, or tradition of men. And so zealously

concerned was he for enforcing these truths wherever he came, that

to one, amidst a great number of _Romanists_, whose attention some

endeavoured to hinder, he said, “If my doctrine be not according to the

word of God, stone me on the spot. Make a sacrifice of me: only hear

for yourselves.”

“O that God would call them to the knowledge of the gospel of peace,

and open to them a door of salvation. Open Lord the eyes of their

priests. Remember the purchase of thy blood, nor suffer those poor

souls to perish, for whom Christ hath died.”

CHAPTER V.

_He goes to England and labours there._

THE enlargement of soul, with which it pleased God to bless him, left

no bounds to his desires, of spreading the favour of the knowledge of

Jesus, in every place: and his providential connexions, afforded him

a large sphere of action. The people with whom he was more immediately

united, and who were, according to the divine disposals, the

instruments of his salvation, had now, through the blessing of heaven,

spread the _joyful sound_, well nigh all over _England_, and _Ireland_.

And hence arose a necessity for many labourers.

It was therefore judged expedient that, (having been successfully

employed between two and three years in his native country) he should

go to _England_ likewise: to which only the conviction of its being

the will of God, could have ♦reconciled him; feeling what was natural

on the occasion, “A struggle within himself on leaving his friends and

country.”

♦ “reciled” replaced with “reconciled”

_May 10. 1753._ He embarked at _Dublin_ with some other friends,

and the next day arrived at _Park-gate_. Concerning this voyage, and

his arrival in _England_, he writes as follows. “There were on board

several gentry, and officers, with a large number of cabbin passengers.

They cursed, swore, and blasphemed as though they were in hell. I

reproved them again and again; but they still persisted, and said I was

mad. O God, if there never was any other damnation in the world to come,

than the company of such wretches, who would not flee from it.”

_London_ was the place where he was appointed chiefly to labour. He

arrived there the 31st of _May 1753_, and preached his first sermon

from _1 John ii. 1._

And now did he, more vigourously than ever, apply himself, both in

public and in private, to the labour of his calling; resolving, in a

place of such dangers, to make the best use of both. He found himself

in the midst of a numerous and well instructed people, many of whom

were deeply experienced in the things of God. This was to him matter of

great joy, though at the same time of much carefulness, knowing, that

in order to be truly profitable to them, a superficial acquaintance

with things would but ill suffice. He therefore _laboured_ to be a

scribe _well instructed_; to be deeply and judiciously informed, in

things pertaining to the kingdom of God. It was his daily and nightly

study, how he might best contribute his part towards the feeding them

with the sincere milk of the word, and the building them up in their

most holy faith.

But neither did he here intermit his endeavours, for the salvation of

his poor ignorant countrymen, (of whom great numbers, of the lower sort

are constantly employed in _London_) still detained in that darkness,

from which he had so happily escaped himself. He therefore appointed

times for explaining to as many of them as would hear, the first

principles of the doctrine of Christ; and preached several times in

_Irish_, in _Moor-fields_, and elsewhere; endeavouring likewise, to

have as many private interviews with them as he possibly could.

It was here he first formed to himself a more exact plan for the

improvement of his time, with respect to his public and private

capacity, as a preacher, and a christian, assigning determinate

portions of it to certain employments, which unless when necessity

required otherwise, he punctually observed. He preached constantly

twice a day, and visited many people in their families; besides

frequent attendance on the sick, and dying; from some of whom, he

was rarely a day absent.

The abilities with which God had endowed him, and his faithful

improvement of them, considerably encreased his work; for it seemed

good to those, whom the divine wisdom had honoured, with the over sight,

of a multitude of persons here, in their absence, to intrust him with

that branch of their work. His exactness and submissive faithfulness

therein, appeared in many and various particulars, of which a part only

may be gathered from the following letter to the Rev. Mr. _John Wesley_.

“_Honoured Sir_,

“I Thank you for your letter. I longed exceedingly to hear from

you.――――Your account of the good woman in your Journal was refreshing

to my soul. What I have to say is as follows,”

1. “Mr. _Wesley_ is gone to _Bristol_. He met us on _Monday_ mornings,

and upon the whole, all was well. We parted much in love. 2. Mr.

_F――――_ goes on well. I converse with him when I can. 3. The Lord

is powerfully carrying on his work. Sinners are alarmed, and saints

edified. This day in visiting the sick, my soul was greatly comforted,

by hearing of God’s dealings with their souls.

“On _Monday_ I begin to change the tickets. God give me integrity,

wisdom, meekness, and love. I think, considering these particulars, I

cannot leave _London_ yet. It seems _providence_ keeps me here still.

“You have the prayers of your children. I don’t forget you. A son

honoureth his father, and a father loveth his son. Let it be so till

death, and the devil can get little advantage. Your preaching has been

often, and exceedingly blest to my soul. My heart’s desire, and prayer

to God is, that the Lord would make me partaker of his holiness.

“Dear Sir, I trust your soul will, in time, and in eternity, partake of

that great salvation, you have preached in the name of the Lord. O may

it please God, that we may meet full of holy and happy love! I feel my

soul this moment strongly drawn after God; but there is yet something

that keeps me out of perfect rest and liberty. Jesus, take my whole

heart! Confound, overpower me with thy grace. Requesting your prayers

and counsel, I remain,

“Your very affectionate son,

_Thomas Walsh_.”

_London, April 30._

His advancement in divine knowledge, and in the divine life, while he

remained here, became more and more visible. The fruit of his public

ministry was likewise still more discernible; and the general tenor of

his conduct was acceptable to the people. They had abundant evidence

of his devotedness to God, and of his truly serving as a son in the

gospel. He was generally blest to all kinds of hearers. His discourses

were always of an awakening nature, entering into the very heart; and

singularly calculated to assist, such as were ardently seeking after

_perfect love_, (_1 John iv. 17, 18._) and hereby, through the divine

blessing, he became instrumental to such a revival of the work of God,

as had not been known, as to its depth, from the first union of that

society. Nor are there a few in _London_, who bless God that ever they

heard his voice.

Thus did he spend the time of his abode in _England_, spreading the

favour of his good ointment all around him, and by his example, as well

as preaching, pressing every one to make sure work for eternity. He

perceived clearly, it was the good providence of God which prepared his

way, and directed him hither. He came from _Ireland_ to _London_, three

several times; the last of which the longest time of his continuing

there, (about two years,) and the most profitable both to himself

and to others. And here especially it was, that through his great

and incessant labours; his unwearied application to private study and

public ministrations, he laid the foundation of that disorder, which at

length, removed him to another world.

CHAPTER VI.

_His love to souls, and zeal for promoting the glory of God._

SOME account of his endeavours for the salvation of his neighbour,

has already been given. But this being so considerable a part of his

character, deserves a more full consideration: though it cannot be told,

of how many and various expedients he served himself for the conversion

of sinners.

He watched every opportunity; and was literally _instant in season, out

of season_; that is continually, at all times and places, seeking how

he might best accomplish the end, for which alone he desired to live.

The intenseness of his desire, and his application to this _one thing_,

kept him continually as on the wing, spending, and being spent in this

behalf; regarding neither reproach, pain, loss, nor death itself. “I

have, said he, but one life, and it is a hard case if I cannot readily

lose that for his sake, who gave his life a ransom for mine, and for

the life of the world. My heart bleeds for the world which lieth in the

wicked one.”

It was owing to this likewise, that he embraced every possible

opportunity of crying aloud, in the most conspicuous places of public

resort, and of enforcing the voice of wisdom, saying, _How long ye

simple ones will ye love simplicity, and scorners delight in scorning,

and fools hate knowledge! Turn ye at my reproof; behold I will pour out

my Spirit upon you, I will make known my words unto you._

*Mountains, market-places, highways, meadows, rooms, prisons, and

ships, were the frequent theatres of his publishing the gospel of

peace. And herein there appeared in him something next to marvellous,

being a living fire, continually burning in the love of God and man;

still mounting upwards, and kindling all that were capable about him;

as prone to fervour and activity, as some are to cold and indolence.

He was never weary of well-doing, nor ever spoke slightly, and with

indifferent affection of the great God, and of the things of religion;

but with a seriousness and reverence, becoming one who by faith saw the

Invisible, and looked to be shortly with him!

*He was in truth a mighty adversary to the devil’s kingdom, and took

every possible step, which he judged might, in any measure, promote the

honour of God, to whose sole glory he sacrificed himself, with all his

labours and studies. It is scarcely possible to enable a stranger to

him to conceive, the flow of his soul, and energy of his spirit and

expressions on these occasions; while he endeavoured by _all means_ to

save some. To this end, he truly imparted, not the gospel of God only,

but likewise his own soul. It was this noble object which raised him

above, even that attention to his body, which it required. It was truly

said of him,

He scorn’d his feeble flesh to spare,

Regardless of its swift decline;

His single aim, his ceaseless prayer

To spread the righteousness divine:

He truly triumphed in the cross,

Its prints as on his body shew’d,

Lavish of life for Jesu’s cause,

Whose blood for all so freely flow’d.

The fire which burned in his heart never said “It is enough.” And the

success with which it pleased our Lord to prosper his labours, was a

constant motive to his going forward. His designs of doing good were

without limits, esteeming himself a debtor to all, and embracing in

affection, not less than the whole world.

Riding through _Wales_ and finding that, in many places they did not

understand _English_, he felt great concern on the occasion, and formed

a resolution, if his life and health permitted, to learn the _Welch_

language.

And it was given him not only to believe, and therefore to speak

for God; but also to suffer for his cause. But he rejoiced in his

sufferings, and filled up that which is behind of the afflictions of

Christ in his flesh.

Meantime the _end_, which he still kept in view, together with his

frequent reflections, on the love of Jesus; the danger of sinners

dying without conversion; and the present salvation to which they are

entitled, thro’ the blood of the Lamb: made him more than superior to

every thing which, either men, or the malice of _Satan_ could invent

against, or inflict upon him.

His warm heart and fervent courage, feared no danger in the discharge

of his duty, being well assured that walking uprightly, he walked

surely. He dreaded not the faces of men, but where occasion offered,

boldly reproved what he saw amiss in every one. Wherever there appeared

any probability of his doing good, he was never hindered by the

prospect of danger.

In one place, having preached to a vast number of _Romanists_ and

others, and a prospect appearing of doing much good, he intended, to

go again: but a report prevailed that if he attempted it; a great man

would either have him stoned, or sent to jail. On this occasion “I

reflected (says he) what God had done in former times for those who

put their trust in him. And he gave me strength according to my day.

I found my faith in him greatly strengthened, and resolved, simply to

rely on his protection; not doubting but that he would stand by me. So

I went thither and preached in the name of the Lord.

“The fear of man prevented their giving me entrance into their houses

as before; so I stood on a chair in the street, and thanked God for the

privilege. They received the word without disturbance, and with joy. On

my return I prayed at two houses in the way, and the power of God was

greatly in the midst of us. Praised be God, and the Lamb for ever!”

His labours were indeed much beyond his strength; and his zeal would

not suffer him to stand still: so that his friends were obliged

sometimes (as _Origen_’s mother, to prevent her young son’s burning

with his father) to hide his cloaths, or lock him in his room in the

morning.

*His whole conversation was like fire, warming, refreshing, and

comforting all that were about him, and begetting in their souls a

measure of the same zeal for the glory of God, and the salvation of

sinners which burned in his own breast. It was not possible to be much

with him, and not to hear discourses which bred a detestation of sin,

and a love of holiness. To what purpose is it to live (seemed the motto

of his life) and not to live to some good purpose?

His endeavours to do good, extended to children also. He first,

introduced in many places the custom of meeting weekly, such of them

as could attend, in order to instruct them in such truths, as their

capacity admitted of. In doing this he desired their parents might be

present likewise, to whom his affecting manner of address was not less

serviceable, than to the children.

While in _London_, he had several interviews with the _Jews_,

frequently attending their synagogues, and reasoning with them out of

the _Hebrew_ scriptures. And altho’ I cannot say with certainty that

any of them were converted, yet, sure I am from eye witnesses, that

they were not able to gain-say the power by which he spoke.

*When at any time he met any of his Christian acquaintance, in the

street, or called at their houses passing by, he had always something

to say by way of watch-word, which he left upon their minds. Such as,

“Well, let us hold out a little longer! Are we pressing forward? Let us

hold fast faith, and a good conscience. Are we watching now unto prayer,

and pressing after perfect love?” I well remember one instance of the

good effects of this, which a person mentioned to me since his death.

“I shall never forget, says he, a word which Mr. _Walsh_, taking me

by the hand one day, spoke to me in my shop, _’Tis worse than death,

my |God| to love, and not my |God| alone_.” It was like a nail in a

sure place, and left a useful impression ever after. The gravity and

earnestness, with which he delivered these kinds of little memento’s

to his friends, carried them, by God’s help to the heart, and left them

there. So that I have heard several of his sayings, in this way, called

to remembrance, since his decease, by several of his acquaintance.

He did whatsoever he did for God, with all his might, spending his very

life in every action, even as tho’ he should merit heaven thereby, and

yet, at the same time despising himself as an unprofitable servant.

CHAPTER VII.

_His application to study, love to the holy scriptures, and

improvement in divine knowledge._

THE first materials of his learning, were not very considerable; he had

acquired some knowledge of _Latin_ in his childhood, but left it off

for the _Mathematics_: so that by the time he resumed his grammatical

studies, he had almost all to do again. However, the strength of

his natural capacity, and intense application to study, after his

conversion, soon recovered, what he had lost, with vast increase.

From the time of his first, deep concern about salvation, he read, as

has been intimated, the word of God, with unwearied application; and

every thing else, only as it had some reference to the truths contained

therein: and this practice he continued with increasing diligence, and

delight, till sickness disqualified him for all study. And to such a

degree of eminency did he arrive therein, that I believe, it may be

said with truth, he was scarce ever a moment waking, wherein he was

not either talking of, reading, or meditating on one truth or other

contained in holy scripture.

At first he read the _English_ bible chiefly; but his endeavours for

the good of many of his ignorant countrymen, induced him to read, and

get well acquainted with the New Testament in _Irish_ likewise.

He next set himself, to understand the scriptures, both of the Old

Testament and the New, in their original. It was not till after he

had acquired some tolerable knowledge of the _Greek_ Testament, that

he entered upon the study of _Hebrew_. This was at _London_, about

_December 1755_. He agreed with a _Jew_ to instruct him, at the rate

of a shilling an hour. A few lessons served all the ends he needed; and

being fully initiated into the genius of the language, he soon became

as it were swallowed up in it.

The matter of the study so endeared the language to him, that he

proceeded therein with incredible swiftness. He discovered every day,

such a depth of _hidden wisdom_, in the writings of _Moses_, and the

prophets, read in their own tongue, as he could hardly have conceived

from our translation, tho’ for the most part, deemed the best in the

world.

He ascribed it to a special assistance from heaven, that the study of

the tongue, became so easy and pleasant. And I have heard him mention

this very particular as an argument (at least to himself) of the regard

of heaven, to this _first_, most simple, and excellent of languages;¹

in assisting those who with upright minds enquire into it after the

mind of God. And to this purpose he writes as follows.

¹ “The _Hebrew_ (says archbishop _Usher_) is the first tongue

of the world, and the most orderly speech: in comparison of

which all other languages may be condemned for barbarous

confusion.”

“Sure I am (says an eminent writer) that it ought to be

the first language we are taught, after we have learned to

lisp our own: and were I worthy to advise, the _oriental

dialects_ should follow the _Hebrew_, the _Greek_ should

follow the _Arabic_, and the _Latin_ be acquired by

conversation and reading, in the same manner as the modern

languages of _Europe_ are acquired.”

“_December 20, 1756._ I spent the forenoon in my studies, in which God

has, and does greatly assist me. About this time twelve-month I could

not read a sentence of _Hebrew_ with any certainty, or construe a verse

with readiness. But now I can read my bible through, and understand it,

almost as well as _Latin_ or _English_. This hath God done, enabling me

to read his blessed word in the first and best of languages. O may all

my studies and talents be devoted to his glory!”

*His application was indeed prodigious. I have known him spend fourteen

hours, of the four and twenty, in this study, excepting only the

intervals of prayer, which he frequently poured out for his blessing,

whose inspiration alone teacheth man _true_ wisdom. He often intermixed

a verse of praise, or petition; and then, turning his face to the

wall, and lifting up his heart and countenance to heaven, with his arms

claspt about his breast, he would stand for some time before the Lord

in solemn recollection, and then return to his work.

*It was a rare thing ever to see him, but with a book in his hand, or

speaking of the things of God, or in meditation. When in travelling, he

at any time stopt at an inn, as soon as he was showed to his chamber,

to stay whether for an hour, or a night; he would take out his little

_Hebrew_ psalter (which was his favourite travelling companion) or some

other spiritual book, and fall immediately to his usual work; unless

the time was taken up in exhorting the landlord, or servants, or in

short, any he met with. Accommodations for his body were his smallest

care; and his attention to these, were always, as it were by the bye.

He, like the tortoise, had his house always with him, and seemed every

where, and yet no where at home, in this world. He pursued his work,

well nigh equally, at all times, and in all places, spontaneously

to tend to God. Even after preaching, he has immediately resumed his

studies, (having books always with him,) and this often, where several

persons have been talking, or otherwise employed, as their occasions

required round about him. He, still pursued his work, as tho’ he were

retired in a closet: proceeding on the sentiment, that he had no other

business in this world, than to pray, and preach, and study, and live

in every place, and in every thing, for God!

The frequency of his _stated_ times of prayer, were, at first

especially, much interrupted hereby. But he followed the light which

he then had; and intending all his acquirements for the glory of God,

in the interest of souls, he thought he might on some occasions, (as

one expresses it,) “leave God, for God.”

He was not, however, without frequent jealousies, lest his intense

application, even to this kind of employment, should in any wise,

divert his heart from what he most prized, namely, close attention to

Jesus. After a while therefore, having mastered the main difficulties

in his work, his application became much more moderate. He began to

“Learn well to know, how much need not be known.”

*One day he writes as follows. “I was all day closely employed at study.

But I fear I love my books too much. It is true my studies relate to

the word of God: but I often find my mind carried out in desire after

languages, arts and sciences; yet I see the vanity of every thing,

when separate from God: to be sure, I prize the knowledge of Christ

_crucified_ above all other knowledge. To imitate his wisdom, goodness,

meekness, patience and love: alas! what are _Hebrew_, _Greek_, _Latin_,

_Logic_, _Metaphysics_, every thing to this! What is any thing to the

love of Jesus! O that sweet peace of conscience, and contentment of

mind; which arise from redemption in his blood! O Lord, thou knowest

that I desire to be great in thy grace; to be armed with thy armour. My

soul longs to rise above these little, transitory things. I fain would

rest in thee! I thirst for the divine life. I pray for the spirit of

illumination. I cast my soul upon Jesus Christ, the God of glory, and

Redeemer of the world. I desire to be conformable unto him; his friend,

servant, disciple, and sacrifice! Come now my Jesus! See the longings

of my soul, and finish the work there.”

*From hence may be gathered both, what was the spirit of the man,

and the tendency of his studies. He desired to know: but it was God,

and the things of God, which he proposed to himself, as the sole

matter of his knowledge. For altho’ he read occasionally both logic

and metaphysics, history, and natural philosophy, yet it was all

with reference to his one grand point. Whatever treasures he gathered

from abroad in these, or in any other way; as the industrious bee,

collecting her sweets from different flowers, deposits all in one hive;

so he reduced, and made all his attainments subservient to, the word of

God, and acquaintance with Jesus, as his central point.

And his fear, lest in any thing he should deviate from this, had much

influence on the regulation of his studies. He well knew, that to have

a heart always at leisure for God, attentive to his teaching, and

obedient to his dictates, is the great thing to which every design must

give place; and that the heart is capable of being _overcharged_ with

things, in some respects, lawful and excellent, as with surfeiting and

drunkenness, or cares of this life; all of which are therefore, to be

as carefully guarded against.

And perhaps there are few things by which the spirit of darkness, so

serves himself, among the _thinking_ world, as by this very particular;

diverting the mind from proper application to the _one thing needful_,

not indeed by things sensual, or immoral, which they abhor, and would

perhaps be shocked at the thought of; but by things, in some respects

innocent, and plausible, if not necessary: it may be by curious

speculations on government, the works of nature or grace, and ideal

pursuits of various kinds.

*Bishop _Taylor_ mentions it as a saying of _Oegidius_, “an old,

and simple woman who loves Jesus, may be greater than was brother

_Bonadventure_.” And inasmuch as the giving our whole heart to God,

is that, without which, nothing in religion is available; if this be

not done, is it not the same thing, whether it be through gazing at

the stars, catching of butterflies, or committing adultery? The death

of the body is as fully affected by the prick of a lancet, as by the

stroke of a cannon-ball. And, to such alas, as procure the _loss_ of

their own soul, how little difference does it make, whether it was

done by the crimes, of the grossest kind, or, by what the flattery of

self-love, and a mistaken world call _little things_. He was throughly

sensible of his danger in this respect, and began to regulate himself

accordingly.

He found towards the conclusion of his studies in particular, that

more _true_ wisdom is obtained from God, by prayer and holy meditation

in one hour, than from the application of years to folio volumes; and

therefore esteemed one single sentiment, gained in this manner, of more

value than a thousand speculations acquired by mere dint of study in

the way of human science. He perceived well the difference which there

is between studying barely to instruct others, (which in its place,

is also right and necessary) and studying to perfect one’s self, to

produce that purity, and disengagement which is absolutely necessary to

receive the true light of the holy Spirit. “The secrets of the kingdom

of heaven are not understood thoroughly, but by the sons of the kingdom,

and by them, too in several degrees, God distributing to every one

severally as he willeth; but to such as know not God, the whole system

of this wisdom is insipid and flat, if not totally rejected, dull as

the foot of a rock, and unlearned as the elements of our mother tongue.

But so are mathematics to a Scythian boar, and music to a camel.”

*His settled manner now was, to assign the morning wholly to the

reading, first a chapter out of the Old Testament, and frequently

some of the psalms in _Hebrew_. Then he read, and digest some part

of his _Greek_ Testament. His manner of doing this, took him up great

part of the forenoon: and afterwards, he read, wrote, or was otherwise

employed as occasions directed. He frequently had some persons to visit

him for instruction in some point of learning; chiefly in _Hebrew_.

Two or three young men of _Cambridge_, at different times, being in

town, and knowing him, chose to be initiated by him in the _Hebrew_

tongue. He was constantly as communicative as receptive of instruction,

withholding nothing from any one, that he thought might be useful to

them.

He read the scriptures in order; beginning a book, and going thro’

with it regularly; fixing at the same time upon such parts, as had most

immediate reference to the doctrines and precepts of the gospel-state

of things; which he not only read most frequently, but likewise

committed to memory. *And the degree of perfection to which he arrived

in this particular, was really surprising. His acquaintance with

the letter of scripture, and his retentive memory, supplied him as

with a constant concordance. And I believe there was not a remarkable

passage, historical, doctrinal, or preceptive, from _Genesis_ to the

_Revelation_, which he could not, on the bare mention of, turn to

immediately.

“Thy word (says he) O Lord, I have for mine inheritance for ever. It is

the joy of my heart, and of more value to me than millions of worlds.

O God, give me understanding, that I may keep thy law! But let my whole

dependance be in Jesu’s merits. He is my advocate. Only by faith in him

I stand. He is my sure refuge, and portion, in the land of the living!”

Being at sea one time, and the weather becoming extremely tempestuous,

the mariners themselves were apprehensive of death. He in like manner

expected the same, and put into his bosom, a small bible which he had

with him, resolving that what he so loved in life, should not be parted

from him even in death. Such was his love to, and singular esteem for

the word of God.

In this manner it was, that he became in truth, a scribe, well

instructed to the kingdom of heaven, and brought out of the treasury of

his heart-experience, the old and new, and deep things of the word of

Jehovah. It was from this fountain he derived his ideas, sentiments and

expressions, on all occasions; explaining doctrines, enforcing duties

and resolving difficulties, well nigh, altogether in scripture words.

The _spirit of wisdom_ so rested upon him, that there was nothing of a

divine nature, which occurred to his own mind, or was proposed to him

by others, respecting doctrines, experience, or practice, of which he

could not speak with convincing clearness and satisfaction.

He had a singular faculty for throwing light upon doubtful cases;

and it was not unusual with him, by two or three words to set to

rights, and entirely quiet the minds of persons, perplexed before,

about points of doctrine, or experience. A most remarkable instance of

this I remember to have known in _Ireland_: a person who was greatly

embarrassed in his mind concerning a point in religion, which appeared

to him of great importance, and who had received no satisfaction from

all his former researches on the head, came to Mr. _Walsh_, and related

the matter to him; which having heard, he only asked one question,

requiring the person to answer. And whether it was, that God, just

then shone upon the man’s soul, and by his immediate light solved

the difficulty; or whether it was through mere rational conviction,

resulting from the arguments implied in his question, I know not; but

he was instantly satisfied, and being convinced of his former mistake,

had no further uneasiness on the head.

His insight into the invisible world, so realized to him things to come,

that he spake of them as one who both heard and saw them. And they had

their proportionable influence on the whole of his behaviour. He acted

as in the immediate presence of God; and thus went on reading and

meditating day and night, in the law of his God; and devouring, like

another _Ezekiel_, the whole divine volume.

CHAPTER VIII.

_His manner of preaching._

AT first his sermons consisted chiefly, of a number of well chosen

texts of scripture, suited to the particular subject on which he

treated, and which, he, for the most part, cited with both the chapter

and verse. He had in this manner formed, as it were, a body of divinity

in his head, which was a kind of store house of his sermons. Time and

experience however, brought him off from the custom of, so particularly

citing the places of the scriptures, he made use of; unless where he

judged it singularly useful, both for the conviction and satisfaction

of the hearers.

*A constant course of reading, much conversation with the children of

God, and the acquaintance, which a life of faith, meditation and prayer,

gave him with God, and with the motions of his own soul, greatly

extended his views into divine things in general; and furnished him

with variety of subjects for the edification and comfort of the church

of God: so that in the last two or three years of his course, his

sermons had in them depth, and solidity, far beyond those of his former

years.

The state of his own heart, had much influence on the particular

subjects of his sermons: as is surely the case with all, to whom

preaching is not a mere business of course: but on the contrary, an

affair of the weightiest importance in the world, requiring the deepest

attention and most circumspect walking. He knew that the words of an

_unfeeling_ heart, are but empty sounds; and that although they might

please for the present, they rarely profit the hearers. And it was

on this account, that attending constantly to the motions of his own

soul, he hardly ever preached a sermon, without conveying nearly the

like sensations to others, whether of deep contrition of spirit, holy

mourning, or spiritual joy, which he felt in his own soul.

“When, says he, I am in heaviness, I am led to speak chiefly of trials;

when lively and fervent, I am led to speak of the comforts of believers;

and when I am hungering and thirsting after righteousness, I press upon

others to cleanse themselves from all filthiness of flesh and spirit,

and to perfect holiness. And hence I learn, 1st. How needful it is

for a preacher to be in a right spirit himself, whenever he speaks to

others. And, 2dly, The wisdom of God, in so ordering, that every soul

might receive its portion of the _milk of the word_ in due season.”

*All his sermons might be truly said to be his own from God. He stole

not the word from his neighbour, nor catched at trivial incidents to

furnish him with an hour’s discourse. His heart was a treasury well

furnished, insomuch that he was never at a loss for something in season:

even sometimes when he has been so taken up with other parts of his

calling, as not to have the least time for _preparing_ to preach; yet

the pourings out of his feeling soul, evidenced themselves to waiting

hearts, to be of God.

*There was nothing whining, light, or trivial in his discourses;

nothing put on; nothing that could excite levity, much less laughter;

but rather, and which was commonly the case, groans and tears and cries.

His sermons had in them such a depth of divine truth, confirmed by

the word of God, with such a greatness and majesty as begot in the

hearers an awe and reverence, which removed far away, all petulancy

and thoughtless irreverence of spirit: and produced in many a solemnity

and attention of soul, becoming those who hear discourses for life, or

death eternal. To all of which, his grave and mortified countenance,

contributed not a little. In short his whole behaviour in the pulpit

was such, as became a messenger of God, put in trust with the ministry

of reconciliation.

His discourses were suited to give a portion to everyone, as their need

required; milk for babes, and for stronger men, stronger meat: though

still they had this tendency, with regard to all, to excite people’s

hearts to the pure love of God. *And although he preached _faith in

Christ_ as the only way, of obtaining all the good things of grace

and glory, yet he did it in such a manner as effectually to guard it

against the abuse of libertines, who turn the freeness of the grace of

God, into an occasion of wantonness; who while they promise liberty to

others, are, at the same time servants of corruption. Persons of this

character could not in the least serve themselves from his discourses;

in every one of which he so preached faith in Christ, as to _establish

the law_, in its true sense, that is, to secure all the interests

of genuine holiness, both in heart and life; all the fruits of

righteousness; the most rigorous regard to mens duty to God, their

neighbour, and themselves.

When he first began to preach, his chief talent seemed to be for

quickening such as were dead in trespasses and sins; for terrifying

careless sinners with the dread of God’s judgments, alarming them, as

it were, to flee from the wrath to come. It was ♦truly said of him,

“He fierce on the Philistines flies,

_Compels_ the captives to come in;

Spoils Satan of his lawful prize,

And tears them from the toils of sin.”

♦ “tuly” replaced with “truly”

His courage and resolution in this, were such as are rarely to be found.

He judged, that there was nothing more likely to pull down the strong

holds of Satan, than to lay the axe to the root of sin; and in all his

sermons, he ever used to discover its detestable nature, pressing upon

the conscience, an entire purgation from dead works. And he did it

in such a manner as often pierced the very joints and marrow of his

hearers.

It was easy to discover in him likewise, the utmost impartiality.

Knowing that he was to deliver his Lord’s message, he spared no man

from any human regards: but boldly detecting their sin, commended

himself to every man’s conscience in the _sight of God_.

And yet, his zeal was tempered with wisdom and discretion for

notwithstanding his pressing vehemently upon the conscience of his

hearers, in all his sermons, yet (although some were sometimes offended)

they were never able to resist the authority by which he spake.

But it was not as a _Boanerges_, a son of thunder only, that he

excelled. His own happy experience, of the forgiving, healing, and

comforting virtue of the blood of Jesus; together with his mighty

acquaintance with the promises of life in him, fitted him for

administring comfort, and much encouragement to the weary, and the

heavy-laden with sin; To such, he was in truth, a _son of consolation_;

his lips dropped sweetness to them, as the honey-comb.

*O God, how many a bleeding wound hast thou made him an instrument

of healing, by pouring into the hearts of the disconsolate, _the wine

and oil_ of the gospel, in a rich profusion of those precious, golden

promises, which being ratified to us by the holy blood of thy dear Son,

are all yea, and amen in him, to thine eternal glory! Yes,

“Refreshing, soft, as vernal showers,

His word, on weary sinners falls,

Or, like the rapid torrent pours,

While souls to Jesu’s blood he calls!”

*It was scarcely possible for the most icy, and rocky heart, to remain

long so under his moving and authoritative discourse, laid home to the

conscience, by the sword of the Spirit, which, like the flaming sword

in paradise, turned every way, to every heart. And accordingly, it was

a very rare thing for him ever to preach a sermon, without sending some

away, either broken-hearted, rejoicing in God, or increased more or

less, in the knowledge of the Crucified.

*Towards the latter part of his progress, the two last years of his

life especially, the whole bent of his soul, his reading, meditations,

prayer, conversation and preaching, tended altogether, to the _deep

things of God_, (1 Corinthians ii. 10.) the so perfectly loving him,

with _all_ the capacity of the soul and body, as the state of humanity

can admit. The entire salvation of God, from all sin, to all the mind

that was in Christ Jesus, was now his constant, and most beloved theme,

both in public and private. And he omitted nothing which might either

inform his judgment, or affect his own, or the hearts of others, in

reference to this most interesting concern of the children of God.

*His thoughts on the head became therefore thoroughly digested; so that

there was hardly an objection which either Satan, men, or the heart

of unbelief could bring against it, for which he had not a convincing

answer. His _own_ heart-acquaintance therewith, will be seen from a

subsequent account of his experience. The light which he had into the

nature, and his fervent manner of enforcing the worth, and necessity

of Christian holiness, was one great means of enkindling, in the hearts

of many, that _fire_ of pure love, to God and man, which has since his

death likewise, increased more abundantly, and still burns (O may it

ever burn!) amongst us, to the greater glory of God. Only such as were

experimental witnesses of it, having a true relish for things of so

high a nature, can rightly conceive of the abilities, with which God

endowed him, for this part of his work; of the manner in which, he,

With strength and utterance from above

Urg’d on the saints thro’ grace forgiven,

To scale the mount of holiest love,

To seize the brightest throne in heaven!

In all his discourses on the subject, he as much as may be, carefully

avoided _his own_ words, both in explaining, and enforcing its nature,

extent, and the means of attaining thereto. He did it in the words

which the Holy Ghost teacheth, explaining those spiritual things, with

spiritual words: (1 Corinthians ii. 13.) while in the mean time, his

fervent and affecting manner of urging them, and indeed every other

part of the doctrine of salvation, commanded,

―――“Audience and attention, still as night

Or summers noon-tide air.”

He had not, it must be acknowledged, at least he had but little made

use of, the _art_ of preaching: not indeed that he was ignorant of

such rules as, orators lay down for ordering, and conducting public

discourses. His knowledge both of _Logic_ and _Rhetoric_ was far

from being inconsiderable. He had both read, and in some good degree,

digested the principles of both. But the eagerness with which he

proceeded in his work; and the rapid flow of his soul, sending forth

its _good matter_, not like the distilling of a water-pot, but as a

plentiful shower from the heavens, watering deep and wide all around,

did not suffer him to attend, with exactness, to such niceties in

composition or delivery: nay, even prevented that moderation, as to

the length, and manner of delivering his discourses, which would have

been much more easy to himself, and to his audience, many of them being

often in pain for him.

*Yet afterwards, when the repeated advice of his friends, and the

necessity of his constitution, obliged him to a more slow, and

deliberate manner, some ascribed it to (what they called) his _want

of power_; such is the folly and weakness of many, in their sentiments

with regard to this particular! How common is it to imagine, that

the presence and power of the Spirit of God, and that influence by

which souls are awakened, justified, or built up in holiness, depends

upon the loudness of the preacher’s voice, or the swiftness of his

expression? In other words, upon the strength of a man’s lungs, and

it may be, the assurance of his gesture and utterance. A sentiment

not more strange to the truly wise, than it is common with many. As

though noise, and animal activity should be dignified with the names of

_spirit and power_, and the want of them ascribed to dryness, deadness

and formality! Strictly speaking indeed, there is no _necessary_ divine

power in any man’s _manner_ of speaking, whether loud or low, swiftly

or softly. _It is the Spirit that quickeneth_, and as he pleaseth; and

it may be questioned, whether effects that have been sometimes produced,

by a loud, vehement, and overbearing manner of speaking, were not in

great measure merely mechanical, if not of _Satan_ himself, to cast

an odium upon the work of God. In truth the most substantial, genuine

effects of the gospel ministry, arise from its delivery, not with noise

and human vehemence, (which often rather calls off the mind from the

inward life and communion with God:) but with distinct calmness, and

wise deliberation.

There may often be a strong wind, an earthquake, and fire; but the Lord

_is in the still, small voice_, (1 Kings xix. 11. 12.) and those are

only in order to this. His word, it is true, is a sword, and a hammer,

which wounds and breaks human hearts in pieces; and any one’s _manner_

of speaking contributes towards this so far as it is to be commended.

But considered independently of this (which is too often the case) the

loudness of a man’s voice is in reality no better than the blowing of a

trumpet, or the sound of a drum. _Not by might, or by power, but by my

Spirit, saith the Lord of hosts._ What is here intended, is nakedly to

represent a common mistake, in order to its removal.

His sermons were seldom less than an hour long; and yet, had in them

such an agreeable variety, that they were rarely, if ever tedious,

unless to such as wanted a savour for the things of God.

He was always at the conclusion, in a bath of sweat. And the place of

preaching being often at some distance from his lodging, his suddenly

growing cold again, was one reason of the frequency of the fevers which

he had from time to time, during his whole life of public labour.

He often resolved before he began to preach, to restrain the rapidity

of his spirit, but in vain: “The sword (as he once said to me) being

too keen for the scabbard.” The fervour of his soul broke through all

his resolutions, but wasted at the same time, the very springs of life,

which he felt immediately afterwards.

With regard to the manner of his preparing for sermons, he seemed

to keep between the two extremes, neglect of all actual, previous

preparation, and a dry scholastic composition of exact materials. To

have no regard to the matter, and manner of his discourses before hand,

under the pretence of dependance upon heaven, for immediate influence

and utterance, he judged to be rank enthusiasm; and often, a cloke for

a lazy, indolence of spirit; on account, of which, nonsense has been

too often dignified with the sacred names of _inspiration_ and power.

And yet, he judged it alike culpable, to seek after and trust to mere

dry human skill, in fixing upon heads, and taking such measures, as

to preach only ones self, independant as it were, on the quickening,

enlighting presence of the _Holy Ghost_, without which all preaching

and all hearing are vain.

*He prayed and studied, and studied and prayed again, going always

(unless necessity prevented) from his closet and off his knees, into

the pulpit. But when he came there, he gave himself up wholly into the

hands of God, to be actuated and used by him, in all respects, as might

be most for his glory. And it was glorious and wonderful, to see the

good effects, which were produced at those times, by the words of God

flowing from his lips, and entering into the heart, without indeed

the ornaments of studied eloquence, but in their native majesty and

simplicity; such as they are in themselves, and as he himself relished

them. One circumstance relating to his manner, was, that he almost

always begun, and in general concluded his sermons with a text of

scripture: but so judiciously chosen, as seldom failed to touch the

heart, and frequently to cast light on the whole subject.

One might easily gather from his way of preaching, how sensible he

was of a mistake in many preachers, who content themselves, supposing

there be but _demonstration_ in their sermons, that they have spoken

things which cannot be gainsay’d. Whereas if there be nothing more

than clearness of demonstration, it may indeed be said to the preacher,

_thou preachest well_; but what then? Who are quickened in their

pursuit of God and heaven? Who hates his sins? Or who loves God the

more for your discourse? Now where these are not to be found, may

not a sinner as well be hearkening to a mathematician demonstrating

_Euclid_’s elements, as to a preacher preaching thus?

It was far from satisfying him that his sermons had in them sufficient

demonstration. Still retaining in mind, What is the _end_ of preaching,

bringing souls acquainted with, and building them up in God; he rated

his sermons accordingly: and for the more effectual promotion of this,

studied to be well acquainted with all the motions of the human heart,

pointing his discourses there continually; laying hold, as it were of

its very inmost thoughts, and with the sinners own weapons, slaying the

enemies of his salvation. He applied to the conscience at every turn,

and after having at any time demonstrated a peculiarly interesting

truth of a general nature, he always took care to make it a personal

thing, by questioning the heart of every one concerning their part

therein. He frequently introduced, by way of comparison, many of the

incidental occurrences in life, things respecting callings, families,

and a thousand little matters, by which the great concerns of the soul

enter more deeply and sensibly into the minds of the common people. I

have heard a woman of known integrity say, that intending one evening

to have his judgment, after preaching on several particulars, which

were a weight to her mind; he so anticipated every objection, and

answered them in the sermon, that she needed no farther enquiry.

*It was usual with him in his sermons, to propose and answer divers

cases of conscience, which was an inexpressible satisfaction to many.

In describing of vices (for which he was eminently remarkable) he did

not so much dwell upon the vice itself abstractedly, as he shewed the

_persons_ to themselves, who were guilty thereof; and represented the

unavoidable danger of such as lived and died therein. It was not so

much _pride, envy, anger, lust, drunkenness, swearing_, and the like,

which he painted in their detestable nature, (though he did this also;)

but his drift at such times, was to describe the _proud_, the _envious_,

the _angry_, and the _lustful man_; to alarm the drunkard, and the

swearer, &c. as with the voice of thunder, to escape for their lives.

The most guilty person can sit and hear his vice described, with

composure enough; but the conscience of a sinner cannot so easily

escape, when the preacher speaking as it were to one person (though

without particularizing any) charges it home, _Thou art the man_. It

was in this way that his sermons were, by the grace of God, effectual

to the awakening and converting of so many.

His whole life being one series of holy living and mental improvement,

preserved his heart, like an ever-fresh, and overflowing fountain,

which on every occasion poured forth its fruitful streams of holy

doctrine, and persuasive exhortation. It was easy to discern, that

he _felt_ the things he delivered. He gave himself wholly to this one

thing; and, which was the crowning glory of all, was himself a pattern

of the truths he taught.

His own example strengthens all his laws;

He is himself the gracious saint he draws.

*Indeed this was first and last, his main concern, That while he

ministered to the wants of others, he might not sustain loss in his own

soul, nor have to take up that sad complaint, _They made me keeper of

the vineyards, but mine own vineyard have I not kept_.¹ It is a fearful

case for a preacher, to be only like a channel in a garden, through

which the water runs to cool and moisten the herbs and flowers, but

nothing for its own use; if not like the spoils of bevers, sheep and

silk-worms, designed to cloath others, which are made the occasion of

their own nakedness, if not the cause of their death. This indeed is

never the intention of God, concerning his servants; but men bring it

upon themselves through the abuse of his favours. What is this but to

build a fortune for others, upon the ruins of one’s own house, while

_after preaching to others, thou thyself dost become a castaway_.

¹ Canticles i. 6.

CHAPTER IX.

_Of his frequent sickness, the exercises of his mind therein,

and the improvement which he made thereof._

HIS original constitution was strong, and his make and stature such,

as, humanly speaking, indicated health and long life. He seemed free

from those incumbrances of constitution which some have to struggle

with well nigh all their days. His complexion tended rather to the

melancholic, although from his fervour of spirit, one would have

thought the contrary. But the grace of God, is powerful to alter, and

even invert the course of nature. However, the natural temperature of

his body seemed well calculated both for the service of God, and of his

neighbour.

But in fact, if his bones had been brass, and his flesh iron, they

must have yielded to the violence which his labours offered to his

constitution. He enjoyed good health till above nineteen, which was

the year of his conversion to God. But from the twentieth to the

twenty-eighth, his life may be said to have been a lingering death;

as he never was a day free from pain or weakness.

A slow fever, and pain at his stomach were, for the most part, his

companions, day and night. The manner of his preaching, intense

study, little rest, and frequent fatigues, broke the very frame of his

nature, and brought him in a short time to such a habit of body, as no

medicines were able to remove.

“It is, as he once expressed it, (speaking of his illness) in the work

of God, in the cause of Christ! Therefore I rejoice; for I count not my

life dear to myself, if I may but glorify my Lord God, and only Master,

Jesus Christ.” It is surprizing, that, considering his weakness and

habitual disorders, he could go thro’ such daily and nightly labours as

he did: nor can it be accounted for otherwise, than that the strength

of God was made perfect in his weakness. Sometimes (says he) when I

begin the labour of love, I am hardly able, either to walk or speak;

but after I have laboured a while, I find new strength, and am even

better than when I begun!”

As to the use which he always made of his illnesses, it will be best

gathered from his own words.

*“_Tuesday, January 18, 1751._ I preached on _Matthew v. 3._ but

could not finish; being seized with an ague. Immediately I went to

bed. I could rest in the will of God, being persuaded it was for the

better. True it is, that afflictions are not joyous, but grievous

while they last, though afterwards they yield the peaceable fruits

of righteousness. How great, O my God, are thy goodness, and tender

mercies towards me! If I had a thousand tongues, I could not praise

my God as he deserves. He remembers me in the time of my trouble, and

leaves not my soul comfortless. Lord, there is nothing good in me,

that thou shouldst regard, and so remember me. All is of thy free

grace, and undeserved mercy. O the ravishing joy that seizes my heart,

in meditating on the dying love of my Saviour! It raises me above all

human things, and carries my soul deep into the mysteries of godliness.”

Two things he then especially remarked,

1st. How sad an affair it is to leave the work of salvation to a time

of sickness? “Experience has strongly taught me, that if my peace

was not made before such an affliction (referring to a violent fever,

as this was) it would never have been made, distraction, and almost

madness would take up the time; and not repentance. Look O Jesus upon

those who are putting the evil day afar off.”

2dly. That before each of his illnesses; he had had remarkable displays

of the divine goodness towards him. Thus he says, “I cannot but remark

the exceeding goodness of God, for before my illnesses for some years

past, he always gives me a clear manifestation of his love.”

The following account was after a fever, which lasted nine and twenty

days, at a place called _Tirrelspass_ in _Ireland_.

1. “I had no joy for twenty days. The severity of my sickness and pain,

pressed down my soul. Neither divine light nor love shone into my heart;

yet I prayed often with freedom ♦and fervour.”

♦ duplicate word “and” removed

2. “I had no strong temptations; no fear of death, or hell: neither had

I any desire to die. On the thirteenth day, I had an assurance, that

I should not die in _Tirrelspass_. My greatest uneasiness arose from

the place where I lay, which was a narrow room, with a shop adjoining,

where was hurry and noise almost continually. This circumstance, thro’

the evil of my heart, often became a temptation to impatience. But I

cried unto the Lord, and he made every thing more easy to me every day.”

3. “About the twentieth day, my soul and body much revived. I could

after a night of heaviness rejoice in God. I experienced much of the

love of Christ. But yet I felt the old man. Alas! what an evil heart

have I! How hard is it to humble me, and wean my desires from earth?

Lord, Thou knowest my heart and reins. And is it not my desire to love

thee with all my soul, and serve thee with all my strength?”

“Is there a thing beneath the sun,

That strives with thee my heart to share?

Ah, tear it thence, and reign alone

The Lord of ev’ry motion there!”

4. “On the twenty-sixth day, early in the morning, the gracious Lord

replenished my soul with his love. He poured out his Spirit upon me.

The intercourse was open between heaven and my soul. I loved, and

could pray for all the world, as for myself. O how does Christ inlarge

the heart! What flames of divine charity does he kindle there! The

twenty-seventh day I had such a sense of the mercy of God as quite

overcame my soul. In the evening however, I felt a severe struggle: but

the blessed Spirit soon set my heart at liberty.”

“Lord, since it hath pleased thee, to spare me a little longer, make my

life useful. Let me be wholly given up to thee, and thy service, that

I may glorify thee, in all things, thro’ Jesus Christ, my dearest Lord

and Saviour. _Amen._”

“_Limerick, October 28, 1755._ I was seized with a fever, which

confined me to my room, till _Friday, November 7._ I remark the

following particulars,”

*“1st. I examined what might be the cause of this illness; but could

not discern any thing in particular. I saw indeed that many of my

tempers, words and actions were not truly holy. I was ashamed of my

best performances, I saw my best living as a mere blot: yet the guilt

of no particular sin lay upon my conscience.”

“2dly. I was more subject to temptation in this sickness than usual:

not indeed to think hard of God, or repine at my illness: but I

had spiritual conflicts, wrestlings against _principalities and

powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world; against

wicked spirits in high places_. The third day, which was _Thursday,

October 30_, I had the sorest conflict that ever I felt. I was suddenly

seized in body, and amazed in mind. I thought every moment would have

been my last. I had a vehement thirst. My tongue was dry and turgid.

And my soul was in an agony. I was overwhelmed with fear, sorrow, and

sore affliction.”

*“All the sins of my life passed before me, but especially those which

were since I had been enlightened, and since I preached the gospel. I

saw, and felt myself hell-deserving; that I was nothing, and could do

no good work before God. I was really poor, in such a manner and degree,

as I never felt before. I was stript, humbled, emptied, laid open,

confounded and afraid of God’s judgments; tho’ not afraid of the devil,

or hell. Nay, I all the while knew I had redemption in the blood of

Jesus, and that all my sins were forgiven. Who can understand? Only

such as have felt the same.”

“3dly, In the midst of my troubles, I had liberty in prayer. My

understanding and memory remained with me, and abundance of spiritual

matter was suggested to my mind. Even passages of scripture, that I

never used before, were brought to me in prayer. I was alarmed in every

part, and cried mightily to God. I cried to all about me to pray for me.

Surely they saw the bitterness of my soul. God remember them for good,

who then sympathized with me in my trouble.”

*“4thly, It left me gradually, and without any sensible joy. Peace and

confidence arose by degrees, in my spirit. The very extremity of the

combat, lasted about a quarter of an hour. It just then occurred to me,

that some days before, I heard Jesus, as it were, speak, and say to me,

_Satan hath desired to have thee, that he may sift you as wheat, but

I have prayed for thee, that thy faith may not fail_. And now I fully

understood it. In so many instances, are those words of our Lord true,

‘What I do, thou knowest not now; but thou shalt know hereafter.’”

“5thly, I felt, (and might it not be the design of God in the whole?)

That the name of Jesus alone could avail to bring me to God. I had

such a deep sense of this, as I never had before. I had besides,

extraordinary evidence of the eternal power and godhead of Christ Jesus.

In all my illnesses this truth has been wonderfully revealed to me,

both by the external evidence of holy writ, and the internal evidence

of the holy Spirit. None of the prayers which I made use of, so foiled

and drove away _Satan_, as ‘Jesus, Son of the living God, have mercy

upon, and save me from this hour.’ Likewise the fifty-third of _Isaiah_,

the twenty-third of _Jeremiah_, and the sixteenth of St. _Matthew_,

with much of the _Revelation_, came into my mind: and my prayers were

made up chiefly of passages from these places. I cried out, when I

thought I should speak no more, and said, Lord, I have trusted in thee,

and I believe thou wilt raise me up at the last day.”

“I had at the same time, most earnest desires, to be made holy. I saw

more clearly than ever the nature and necessity of perfect love; and

was fully persuaded of the necessity of preaching Christian perfection,

and of declaring, that all is of grace.”

“6thly, For four or five days, after it was over, I had much of the

presence of God, and of Christ. Many scripture truths revealed to me,

and strong assurances, that God would spare me a little longer, to

preach his gospel to the ignorant, and them that are out of the way,

and to help forward the faith of his children.”

*“I write this account _November 8, 1755_, being pretty free from

bodily pain, at peace with God, and all mankind, desirous, and

determined to live wholly to the glory of God; to be a servant of all,

giving my life, time, and strength, with every other talent intrusted

to me, to God, and the church, which my dear Jesus purchased with his

blood. To him with the Almighty Father, and eternal Spirit, be ascribed

the kingdom, power, and glory, for ever, and to eternity.”

The very day on which he wrote these reflections, and the first of his

going out, after this illness, it being a day appointed for fasting and

prayer, to avert the judgment of God, which seemed impending over these

nations; he was taken in a chair to the preaching-house, and preached

for a full hour, “having (as he expresses it) a deep sense of the

majesty of God, and joyful confidence, that he would defend the real

_Israelites_ from the impending evil.”

The frequent experience which he had of remarkable escapes from

confinement, by disorders which threatened him with a sudden removal

hence, and these in times of preaching especially, made it a frequent

and felt expression with him, “When I am weak, then I am strong.”

“When one knows (says he, on another of these occasions) that God is

for him, that he has redemption in the blood of Christ, then whether

he be rich, or poor, in sickness, or in health, he is happy, and can

rejoice. Have I recovered my strength? And am I freely forgiven my

former trespasses? Does the Spirit of God dwell in my heart? And can I

by faith behold a reconciled God, and interceding Saviour, at his right

hand? Well, then, welcome sickness, contempt, poverty, and death. If

I meet with worldly troubles, ’tis to make my crown the brighter. If

I suffer for Christ’s sake, happy am I. If I bear the cross, I shall

wear the crown. Is my body cold? I am warmed with the flames of sacred

love; naked? I have a covering of wrought gold, the righteousness of

my Saviour! Hungry? I have meat to eat the world knoweth not of, _the

hidden manna, and the bread of life_. Let me suffer then with Christ.

Men may kill my body; but it would only send me the sooner to heaven.”

The following instance, the last I shall mention on this head, is the

rather inserted, because in it may be seen a true picture of the man,

from the free pourings out of his own heart. It was at _Bristol_, after

recovering from a dangerous fever.

*“For three days last past, I had much converse with God, and vehement

desires to live wholly to his glory. I have enquired into the reason

of mine affliction, and think, God did it to humble me, that I should

not be puffed up with the praises of the people. They cannot indeed too

much admire the truths of God, nor be too thankful to him for them. But

the danger was, lest I should think myself somebody: yet I cannot lay

to my own charge the desire of applause, neither did I find it lift me

up: on the contrary, it often made me ashamed, knowing my own vileness,

and how little I either suffered or did for God.”

*“And truly I was never more sensible of my unprofitableness, than I am

at this hour. I blush to see and hear how others live, and have lived;

and at how low a rate I yet live. But above all, when I consider the

life of the holy Jesus, O how far short do I come! I am not entirely

dead to myself. I am not altogether free from affection to creatures.

I cannot rejoice equally to suffer, as to be comforted. I speak words

I ought not. I spend some minutes unprofitably. In short, I do not love

God, or my neighbour as I ought.”

*“O, was it not for free grace, and the blood of sprinkling, where

should I appear! But thou knowest my desire, or rather the desire of

thy spirit within me. Thou knowest that there hast never been a saint

upon earth whom I do not desire to resemble, in doing and suffering

thy whole will. I would walk with thee, my God, as _Enoch_ did. I would

follow thee to a land unknown, as _Abraham_ did. I would renounce all

for thee, as did _Moses_, and _Paul_. I would, as did _Stephen_, seal

thy truth with my blood!”

*“Is not this the desire of my soul, O my Saviour? O, give me power;

give grace and constancy. For unless thou helpest, all my longings and

praying will prove fruitless. But if thou waterest these plants, of

thine own right hand’s planting, this grain shall become a great tree,

and my soul shall be swallowed up in thee my Lord God!”

“Jesus was my comfort, and my joy, my life, and my strength. O, if

I had not Jesus for my help, I should be miserable. But since I have

thee I am happy in these my afflictions. The lovely smiles of thy

countenance, which shine with glory, revive and raise me. O, divine

love! What hast thou done for me, a poor sinner! Bless the Lord, O my

soul, and forget not his benefits.

“O that my soul was loosened from this body, that I might ascend the

holy hill of the Lord! My Jesus, when shall I behold Thee face to face!

O that this separate wall was broken down, this partition taken away,

and that I could even now enter into the celestial courts there to sing

everlasting hallelujah’s to my Lord, God, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost,

_Amen_!”

CHAPTER X.

_Of his temptations, conflicts and various exercises of soul._

IT is a point of wisdom, well worthy our ♦pursuit, to know what in the

course of our experience we ought to ascribe to God, to angels, whether

good or evil, and to ourselves. How greatly would it contribute to

prevent many evil reasonings and self-tormenting consternations? And

it is a point of knowledge to which _the children of the kingdom_ do

actually attain through faith and prayer.

♦ “pusuit” replaced with “pursuit”

The following few particulars, in the course of the experience of this

man of God, which are ascribed to the agency of the power of darkness,

are (among an infinity of other instances in the world) sufficient

proofs of the attempts of those malicious spirits, to _steal and to

destroy_, to rob us of the grace of God, and to destroy our souls.

Concerning the variety of inward conflicts which he went through, he

often took notice that they were greatest on the Lord’s day; and says

on the occasion, “Lord I am more afflicted on thy day, than on any

other. Thou knowest the cause. If it be the enemy that afflicts me, do

thou rebuke him; let him have no power over my body or soul. And O give

me thy meek, and long-suffering mind to bear whatsoever burden thou

permittest to come upon me.”

He observes likewise, When I have most life and power in preaching,

then the devil and sin muster all their force, and thrust sore at me.

But hitherto God has preserved me both from the great offence, and from

misery and dejection.

The instances of the resistance he found in the time of preaching from

invisible powers, were highly remarkable. He has sometimes started

in amaze, at horrible injections, concerning God, or Christ, or some

fundamental article of the Christian religion; even then, while he

has been powerfully asserting, proving, and enforcing it. I have often

heard him say, there was not a single divine truth, in the which he

was then established, for which he had not fought, resisting as it were

unto blood. For he would take nothing upon trust; nor see with the eyes

of others. He derived his sentiments, from the fountain head. His best

things came from God in the way of _labour_ and _striving_.

He has been sometimes deprived of the use of some of his senses, during

the very time of preaching: once in particular, 1751. In the midst of

his discourse, he, in an instant lost his eye-sight and fell back in

the pulpit, yet retaining, during the whole time, the perfect use of

his understanding: he however, soon recovered, and finished his sermon.

He believed, ♦and was not confounded.

♦ duplicate word “and” removed

Often when he has been disturbed in the silence of the night in ways

more than natural, well knowing the cause, he has with much confidence,

in the name of Jesus commanded the adversary to be gone; and he found

it always according to his faith.

Riding one day with a friend, and talking as he was wont, of the

goodness of God, and of the confidence which he found in him.――――“Just

then, (says he) my horse on a plain place threw me over his head. As I

came to the ground, it was, as it were, sounded in my ears, ‘Will you

trust God now?’ Yes I said, for ever! Through the mercy of the Lord I

was not hurt. I saw an enemy had done it. I was thankful and felt no

contrary emotion in my heart.”

One particular which ought perhaps to be reduced to this head,

and which to some, no doubt, will appear singular, was a painful

apprehension, which he sometimes had of dying. And what renders it the

more observable is, that it was so even at those times, when he could

truly _triumph_ in Christ, knowing that he should be with him for ever.

Of this we have the following account from himself.

“_Saturday, December 1, 1753._ After preaching I studied closely till

ten. I found infinite sweetness in God; and much power breathed into

my soul after all _the mind of_ Christ. At present I am tempted chiefly

with the fear of death. I believe my pardon is sealed by the blood of

the covenant. I have no fear of hell, and yet I am sorely apprehensive

of death.” Again,

“_Monday 22d._ I was this day, as I have been frequently of late much

perplexed at the thought of dying. I believe my Redeemer liveth, and

that I have an interest in his blood, and yet, notwithstanding, I am

sore amazed at the thought of dissolution.”

And thus in reality it was with this servant of God; so that the

uncomfortable apprehensions which he sometimes felt, even till near

his end, in regard of dying must needs be ascribed, chiefly, to the

permission of God to Satan, to exercise him in this manner; and may be

considered as a _thorn_ in his _flesh, the messenger of Satan to buffet

him_; perhaps partly for the easement of other tempted souls, and with

regard to himself, thereby more fully

“To prove him, and illustrate his high worth,

Whose constant perseverance overcame

Whatever _Satan’s_ malice could invent.”¹

¹ Milton.

He studied deeply the nature of the Christian warfare, and was well

practised in the use of its weapons. His thoughts on _the whole armour

of_ God,¹ ♦were the genuine result of his own experience. The combats

which he met with, needed not less than the whole; and he both tried,

and proved that every part thereof is indeed essential. Something very

different from the preceeding particulars he relates as follows,

¹ There is a sermon of his printed under this title.

♦ “where” replaced with “were”

“_Friday, August 2, 1754._ I talked with one to-day, who was sorely

tempted, (how mysterious!) to kill me; and for no other reason than

because she was awakened under my preaching to feel herself a poor lost

sinner.” Again,

“_September 16._ After preaching, a young woman came to me, and said,

that some time before, she had brought a knife with her to preaching,

intending to kill me; but was so terrified under the last prayer, that

she durst not attempt it. The devil suggested, that if she did but take

away my life, the burden which she felt through my preaching, would

immediately depart.”

I shall conclude this chapter with a few other particulars, relating to

this head of trials, taken from his own words.

“This day I was sorely tempted. _Satan_ threw many of his _fiery darts_

at me. I never before felt such agony in resisting, what are commonly

called blasphemous thoughts. I cried unto the Lord, and he delivered

me!”

“In the evening (not of the same day) I was in great distress. My soul

was much weighed down. I felt grievous horror in my spirit, and yet I

was resolved, although the Lord should slay me, to trust in him. In the

very hour that I came to this resolution, my burden was removed; and

the Lord gave me to rejoice in spirit.”

“This day, (_April 1754_) I had conversation with some Christian

friends, concerning temptations, and the general experience of the

saints. And however _Satan_ may be permitted to trouble their body or

soul, I always believed, that God doth not hide his face, unless to

punish us for commission of sin, or omission of duty. And the more I

meditate upon this subject, the more abundantly I am confirmed in my

judgment.”

“_Thursday 21._ I had a miserable night. Sometime after I went to bed,

I was sorely assaulted of the devil. I attempted to compose myself,

but could not. I was suddenly seized with a weakness, and cold sweat.

My heart failed me. My soul was afflicted; my spirit was grieved,

and sore vexed. The eye of my faith was darkened; the sense of God’s

love departed; and the anger of the Lord seemed revealed towards me. I

could see nothing but thick darkness, and hear nothing but thundrings

from _Sinai_! It seemed to me, as though there was a struggle between

justice and mercy concerning me. But although I was in such confusion,

and perplexity, I saw that mercy got the victory, and triumphed over

judgment.”

*“My strength so failed me that it seemed as though I had not an hour

to live. I rose however, and dressed myself; but could scarcely pray

one word. I cried Mercy! Mercy! Mercy! I stretched myself upon the

floor, and could weep only a few tears. I had gone through sore trouble

and darkness before this time; but such a night as this, I never had

before (and O my God, may I never see such another.) After being for

some time on the floor, I got up and walked a little, about the room;

and then threw myself upon my knees. Being a little revived, I went to

bed again. During the little while I slept, I had before me the cause

of my trouble. I soon got up, and my head was now as water, and my eyes

a fountain of tears.

“My confidence returned, so that I could look up and believe that the

Lord was mine. I went and preached on _Zechariah iv. 7._ _Who art thou

O great mountain? Before Zerubbabel thou shalt become a plain; and he

shall bring forth the headstone thereof with shoutings, crying, grace,

grace unto it._ And my soul was humbled to the dust. My praying and

preaching was from my very heart. Let it be for ever remembered, to the

glory of the great God, and my Saviour Christ, that I was not suffered

to be long in this condition. In about half an hour, I received some

confidence, and in the morning my faith was increased.