from between the eyes; a marked stop, and large occipital protuberance.
Jaw long, broad, and deep; lips of upper jaw overhung. Muzzle not square,
but powerful-looking. Nostrils large, open, and flesh-colored, sometimes
cherry-colored. Eyes large, soft, deep set, showing haw; hazel in color,
not too pale. Ears long, broad at the top, turned over on front edge,
vine-shaped, close to head, set on low; feathered only on front edge, and
but slightly. Hair short, silky, without slightest approach to wave or
curl.
[Illustration]
NECK AND SHOULDERS.—Neck long, thick, powerful, free from dewlap, with
a large ruff; shoulders immensely strong, muscular, giving a heavy
appearance in front.
BODY AND QUARTERS.—Body very long and low, well ribbed up, and long in
the coupling; chest of great depth and volume; loins powerful, and not
too much arched; back long, broad, and straight, free from droop or bow.
Length an important characteristic; the nearer the dog is in length to
being two and a half times its height at shoulder, the better. Quarters
shapely and very muscular, neither drooping nor stilty.
LEGS AND FEET.—Fore legs short, straight, immensely heavy in bone, well
in at elbow. Hind legs heavy in bone, but not as heavy as fore legs; no
feather below hocks, but thick hair on back of leg just above foot. Feet
large, compact, and plentifully filled with hair between toes.
COAT AND FEATHER.—Coat silky and straight, not too long, extremely dense;
feather long and abundant.
COLOR AND MARKINGS.—Color lemon and white, and orange and white; the
fewer markings, the better. Perfection is solid lemon or orange ears,
evenly marked head, muzzle and leg ticked.
STERN.—Set on level, and carried low.
[Illustration]
THE SPANIEL (COCKER).
[Illustration: A. C. Wilmerding’s, 165 Broadway, New York.
WATNONG I.]
ORIGIN.—Presumably an offshoot of the field-spaniel.
USES.—Hunting, principally woodcock and partridge.
[Illustration]
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value.
General appearance 10
Head 15
Eyes 5
Ears 10
Neck and shoulders 10
Body 15
Length 5
Legs and feet 15
Coat 10
Tail 5
---
Total 100
GENERAL APPEARANCE, SYMMETRY, ETC.—A well-built, graceful, and active
dog, showing strength without heaviness. Any of the spaniel colors is
allowable. (See Field-spaniel.) Weight not over 28 nor less than 18
pounds.
[Illustration]
HEAD.—Fair length; muzzle cut off square, tapering gradually from the
eye, not snipy; skull rising in a graceful curve from stop, and with same
outline at occiput, the curve line being flatter, but still curving at
middle of skull. Head should be narrowest at the eyes, and broadest at
set-on of ears, and, viewed from the front, outline between ears should
be a nearly perfect segment of a circle. Stop is marked, and a groove
runs up the skull, gradually becoming less apparent, till lost about
half-way to occiput. This prevents the domed King Charles skull, and
produces a light, graceful, well-balanced head. Jaws level. Teeth strong,
regular. Eyes round and moderately full, corresponding in color with
coat. Ears lobular, set on low; leather fine, and not extending beyond
nose; well clothed with long, silky hair, which _must_ be straight or
wavy—no positive curls or ringlets.
NECK AND SHOULDERS.—Neck sufficiently long to allow the nose to reach the
ground easily; muscular, and running into well-shaped, sloping shoulders.
BODY.—Ribs well sprung; chest of fair width and depth; body well ribbed
back, short in the coupling; flank free from any tucked-up appearance;
loins strong; length from tip of nose to root of tail about twice the
height at shoulder.
[Illustration]
LEGS AND FEET.—Fore legs short, strong in bone and muscle, straight,
neither bent in nor out at elbows; pasterns straight, short, and strong;
elbows well let down. Hind legs strong; well-bent stifles; hocks
straight, and near the ground. Feet of good size, round, turning neither
in nor out; toes not too spreading; soles furnished with hard, horny
pads, with plenty of hair between the toes.
COAT.—Abundant, soft, and silky, straight or wavy, without curl; chest,
legs, and tail well feathered; no topknot nor curly hair on top of head.
TAIL.—Usually docked; carried nearly level with back. At work it is
carried lower, with a quick, nervous action which is characteristic of
the breed.
[Illustration]
THE SPANIEL (FIELD).
[Illustration: Rowland P. Keasbey’s, 874 Broadway, New York.
BLACK NIGHT.]
ORIGIN.—Probably one of the oldest of the known breeds, coming originally
from Spain; in fact, it is claimed as the parent of the setter.
[Illustration]
USES.—Hunting game-birds, principally woodcock and partridge.
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value.
Head 15
Ears 10
Neck 5
Shoulders and arms 10
Legs and feet 15
Body and quarters 20
Coat and feather 15
Tail 10
---
Total 100
[Illustration]
GENERAL APPEARANCE.—Considerably larger, heavier, stronger in build than
the cocker. Conformation should be long and low, more so than the cocker.
Colors most preferred are solid black or liver; but liver and white,
black and white, black and tan, orange, and orange and white are all
legitimate spaniel colors.
HEAD.—Long, and not too wide, carried gracefully; skull showing
clearly cut brows, but without a very pronounced stop; occiput
distinct, and rising considerably above set-on of ears. Muzzle long,
with well-developed nose, not too thick immediately in front of eye,
and maintaining nearly same breadth to the point; sufficient flew to
give a certain squareness to muzzle and avoid snipiness. Teeth sound
and regular. Eyes intelligent and dark, not showing haw, nor so large
as to be prominent or goggle-eyed. Ears long, and hung low on skull,
lobe-shaped, and covered with straight or slightly wavy silky feather.
[Illustration]
NECK.—Long, graceful, and free from throatiness; not too thick, but
strongly set into shoulders and brisket.
SHOULDERS AND ARMS.—Shoulder-blades should lie obliquely, with sufficient
looseness of attachment to give freedom to forearms, which should be well
let down.
LEGS AND FEET.—Fore legs straight, very strong and short. Hind legs well
bent at stifle-joint, with plenty of muscular power. Feet of good size,
with thick, well-developed pads; not flat nor spreading.
[Illustration]
BODY AND QUARTERS.—Long, with well-sprung ribs; strong, slightly arching
loins, well coupled to the quarters, which may droop slightly toward
stern.
COAT AND FEATHER.—Coat as straight and flat as possible, silky in
texture, of sufficient denseness to afford good protection to the skin
in thorny coverts, and moderately long; feather long and ample, straight
or very slightly wavy, heavily fringing ears, back of fore legs, between
toes, and on back of quarters.
TAIL.—Strong, and not carried higher than level of back.
[Illustration]
THE SPANIEL (IRISH WATER).
[Illustration: T. A. Carson’s, Kingston, Ontario.
MUSHA.]
ORIGIN.—This cannot be traced, yet it is supposed to have a decided cross
of the poodle.
USES.—Retrieving wounded game from the water.
[Illustration]
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value.
Head, jaw, eyes, and topknot 20
Ears 5
Neck 5
Body 10
Fore legs 10
Hind legs 10
Feet 5
Stern 10
Coat 15
General appearance 10
---
Total 100
GENERAL APPEARANCE.—A strong, somewhat leggy dog.
HEAD.—Skull medium length, rather broad; very little stop Muzzle long,
and broad to end. Eyes dark brown, and very intelligent. Ears long, and
covered with curls.
NECK.—Long, slightly arched, and muscular.
BODY.—Fair-sized; barrel well rounded and ribbed up.
NOSE.—Liver-colored, large, and well developed.
[Illustration]
SHOULDERS AND CHEST.—Shoulders long and oblique; chest deep, but not very
wide.
BACK AND LOINS.—Back strong and flat; loins strong, fair length, and a
trifle arched.
[Illustration]
HIND QUARTERS.—Long; hocks well let down, and stifles straighter than in
other varieties of spaniels.
STERN.—Strong at root, and tapering to a fine point; the hair on it must
be quite short, straight, and close-lying.
LEGS AND FEET.—Legs well boned and quite straight, somewhat long. Feet
rather large.
COAT.—All over little curls, hard, but not woolly. The topknot of long
hair should fall over the eyes in a peak, and legs should have as little
feather on them as possible.
COLOR.—A rich, dark liver. White on toes or breast a _defect_, but not a
disqualification.
NEGATIVE POINTS.
Value.
Feather on stern 10
White on chest 5
[Illustration]
THE SPANIEL (JAPANESE).
[Illustration: W. J. Burkhardt’s, 1301 Broadway, Brooklyn, N. Y.
JINGO.]
ORIGIN.—A native of Japan, where it is also called the “sleeve-dog,” on
account of being carried there by the “swells” of that country.
USES.—Simply a pet dog, and extremely intelligent.
[Illustration]
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value.
Head—size and shape of skull 10
Shortness of face and muzzle 10
Width of muzzle 5
Eyes 10
Ears 10
Coat and markings 15
Size and symmetry 20
Legs and feet 10
Tail 10
---
Total 100
HEAD AND NECK.—Head large, broad; slightly rounded skull; neck short,
and moderately thick. Eyes large, dark, lustrous, rather prominent, wide
apart. Muzzle strong, wide, very short from stop to nose; jaws upturned;
teeth not to be shown; nose very short, the end wide with open nostrils,
and same color as markings. Ears small, V-shaped; well feathered, set
high, and wide apart; carried forward.
BODY.—Compact, squarely built, cobby, the body and legs forming a square.
[Illustration]
LEGS AND FEET.—Bones of legs small, slender, well feathered. Feet small,
cat-like; the feather increasing the length, _never_ the width.
TAIL.—Carried over back in tight curl; profusely feathered.
COAT.—Profuse, long, straight, rather silky, free from wave, not too flat.
COLOR.—Black, red, or white; parti-colors with white ground preferred.
Blenheim markings are most showy. In variation of markings the colors
_must_ remain distinct.
WEIGHT.—Four to nine pounds; the smaller, the better.
[Illustration]
THE SPANIEL (SUSSEX).
[Illustration: Rowland P. Keasbey’s, 874 Broadway, New York.
COLESHILL RUFUS.]
ORIGIN.—It is impossible to trace this origin.
USES.—Hunting pheasants, and sometimes for its fur.
SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value.
Head and jaw 15
Eyes 5
Ears 5
Neck 5
Body 15
Fore legs 10
Hind legs 10
Feet 5
Stern 5
Coat and feather 10
General appearance 15
---
Total 100
[Illustration]
GENERAL APPEARANCE.—Rather massive and muscular, but with free movements
and nice tail action.
HEAD.—Moderately long, massive, with depth in proportion; skull broad,
and forehead prominent. Eyes hazel, fairly large, and languishing,
not showing haw overmuch. Ears thick, fairly large, lobe-shaped; set
moderately low, but relatively not so low as in black or other spaniels;
carried close to head, and furnished with wavy hair.
[Illustration]
NECK.—Muscular, and slightly arched.
BODY.—Long, with well-sprung ribs; fair depth behind shoulders.
NOSE.—Liver color; muzzle large and square; lips somewhat pendulous;
nostrils well developed.
SHOULDERS AND CHEST.—Shoulders oblique; chest deep and wide.
BACK AND LOINS.—Back level and long; loins broad.
HIND QUARTERS.—Strong; thighs muscular, and hocks low down.
[Illustration]
STERN.—Docked from 5 to 8 inches; set low; not carried above level of
back.
LEGS AND FEET.—Legs short and strong; immense bone, and a slight bend in
forearm. Feet large, round, and moderately well feathered, with short
hair between toes.
COAT.—Body-coat abundant; flat or slightly waved, with no tendency to
curl; moderately well feathered on legs and stern, but clean below hocks.
COLOR.—Dark golden liver; not a light ginger or snuff color, but of a
rich bronze tinge, not puce.
WEIGHT.—From 35 to 45 pounds.
[Illustration]
SPANIELS (TOY)—BLENHEIM, KING CHARLES, PRINCE CHARLES, AND RUBY.
[Illustration: (From _Modern Dogs_.)
RUBY SPANIEL. PRINCE CHARLES SPANIEL.]
ORIGIN.—Shrouded in mystery. The King Charles spaniel derives its name
from the second monarch of that name, and the Blenheim from the family
seat of the Duke of Marlborough. The colors were originally black, tan,
and white for the first breed, and orange or red and white for the second.
USES.—Essentially pet dogs, though at one time the Blenheim was used for
hunting birds.
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
_King Charles, Prince Charles, and Ruby._
Value.
Symmetry, condition, and size 20
Head 15
Stop 5
Muzzle 10
Eyes 10
Ears 15
Coat and feathering 15
Color 10
---
Total 100
_Blenheim._
Value.
Symmetry, condition, and size 20
Head 15
Stop 5
Muzzle 10
Eyes 5
Ears 10
Coat and feathering 15
Color and markings 15
Spot 5
---
Total 100
[Illustration]
HEAD.—Well domed, and in good specimens absolutely semi-globular,
sometimes even extending beyond the half-circle, and absolutely
projecting over eyes, so as nearly to meet upturned nose.
EYES.—Set wide apart, with eyelids square to line of face, not oblique
or fox-like; large, lustrous, very dark in color, so as to be generally
considered black; their enormous pupils, which are absolutely of that
color, increasing the description.
[Illustration: KING OF THE BLENHEIMS
Mrs. F. Senn’s, 278 West Eleventh Street, New York.]
STOP.—Well marked as in bulldog, or even more so, some good specimens
exhibiting a hollow deep enough to bury a small marble.
NOSE.—Short, well turned up, without any indication of artificial
displacement; color of end black, and both deep and wide, with open
nostrils.
JAW.—Lower jaw wide, leaving plenty of space for tongue and for
attachment of lower lips, which should completely conceal teeth; also
turned up or “finished,” so as to allow of its meeting end of upper jaw,
turned up in a similar way.
EARS.—Long, so as to approach the ground; in an average-sized dog they
measure 20 inches from tip to tip, and some reach 22 inches; set low on
head; heavily feathered. In this respect the King Charles is expected to
exceed the Blenheim, and his ears occasionally extend to 24 inches.
SIZE.—The most desirable size is about 10 pounds.
SHAPE.—In compactness of shape these spaniels almost rival the pug, being
decidedly cobby, with strong, stout legs, broad back, and wide chest.
COAT.—Long, silky, soft, and wavy, but not curly. In the Blenheim
there should be a profuse mane, extending well down in front of chest.
Feather well displayed on ears and feet, where it is so long as to give
appearance of their being webbed; also carried well up the backs of the
legs. In the King Charles, feather on ears is very long and profuse,
exceeding that of Blenheim by an inch or more. The feather on tail (which
is about 3½ or 4 inches) should be silky, and from 5 to 6 inches in
length, constituting a marked flag of a square shape, and not carried
above level of back.
[Illustration: DUKE OF CHESTER
Mrs. F. Senn’s, 278 West Eleventh Street, New York.
KING CHARLES SPANIEL.]
[Illustration]
COLOR.—Varies with the breed. The King Charles is a rich, glossy black
and deep tan, _without white_; tan spots over eyes and on cheeks, and
the usual markings on legs, are also required. The Blenheim must on no
account be whole-colored, but have a ground of pure, pearly white, with
bright, rich chestnut or ruby-red markings evenly distributed in large
patches; ears and cheeks red; a blaze of white extending from nose up
to forehead, and ending between ears in a crescentic curve; in center
of this blaze there should be a clear spot of red, size of a sixpence.
The tricolor, or Charles the First spaniel, should have the tan of the
King Charles, with markings like Blenheim, in black instead of red, on a
pearly white ground; ears and under the tail should also be lined with
tan. The tricolor has no spot, that beauty being peculiarly the property
of the Blenheim.
The only name by which the tricolor, or black, white, and tan, in future
shall be recognized, is Prince Charles.
That in future the all-red toy spaniel be known by name of Ruby spaniel;
the color of nose to be black. The points of the Ruby to be same as those
of King Charles, differing only in color.
Black-and-tan spaniels with markings of white shall be entered in Prince
Charles class, and red spaniels with white markings must go into Blenheim
class.
[Illustration]
THE TERRIER (AIREDALE).
[Illustration: F. H. F. Mercer’s, Ottawa, Canada.
WEAVER.]
ORIGIN.—Probably a cross of otter-hound and some of the large breed of
terriers. Most numerously found in the valley of the Aire and about
Bradford, England.
USES.—A gamy vermin-dog.
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value.
Head 20
Ears 8
Neck, shoulders, and chest 12
Back and loins 15
Hind quarters and stern 5
Legs and feet 15
Coat and color 20
Weight 5
---
Total 100
[Illustration]
HEAD.—Skull flat, moderately narrow, tapering slightly to eyes, free from
wrinkle. No perceptible stop or indentation between skull and muzzle,
except in profile. Jaw long and powerful, free from flews, rather deep,
and moderately square at end. Nose black; nostrils large. Mouth level;
teeth large and sound. Eyes small, bright, dark in color, with terrier
expression. Ears V-shaped, moderate in size and thickness; carried
forward as in a fox-terrier; free from long, silky hair.
NECK.—Fair length, gradually widening to shoulders; well carried; free
from throatiness.
SHOULDERS AND CHEST.—Shoulders fine, long, and sloping; chest deep,
muscular, but neither full nor wide.
BACK AND LOINS.—Back short, straight, and strong; ribs well sprung and
rounded; loins broad and powerful, and well ribbed up.
HIND QUARTERS.—Strong, powerful, thick through hams; good muscular second
thighs, and stifles fairly bent; no tendency to cow-hocks.
STERN.—Stout and docked; set on rather high, but not raised to a right
angle with back.
LEGS AND FEET.—Legs straight and well furnished with bone. Feet round and
close, with a good thick sole.
COAT.—Rough or broken; dense and wiry in texture; free from lock or curl.
COLOR.—Dark grizzle back from occiput to end of tail, extending also down
sides of body, with dark markings on side of skull; rest of body a good
tan, darker on ears than elsewhere.
WEIGHT.—Dogs, 40 to 45 pounds; bitches, 35 to 40 pounds.
[Illustration]
DISQUALIFICATIONS.—A Dudley nose; white on throat, face, or feet;
white on any other part of body objectionable; a thoroughly bad mouth,
i.e., minus a number of teeth, and others cankered; undershot; partial
blindness objectionable.
[Illustration]
THE TERRIER (BEDLINGTON).
[Illustration: (From _Modern Dogs_.)]
ORIGIN.—Supposed both by conformation and color to have sprung from the
Dandie Dinmont and otter-hound. The breed is _not_ an old one, by any
means.
USES.—A gamy vermin-dog.
[Illustration]
* No scale of points adopted.
HEAD.—Skull narrow, deep, and rounded, high at occiput; covered with
silky tuft or topknot. Jaw long, tapering, sharp, and muscular; little
or no stop; lips close-fitting, and no flew. Eyes small and deep set.
The blues should have dark eyes; blue and tans, dark, with amber shade;
livers, sandies, etc., light brown. Nose small. Blues, and blue and tans,
have black noses; livers and sandies, flesh-colored. Teeth level. Ears
moderately large, filbert-shaped; carried well forward; flat to cheek;
thinly covered, and tipped with fine, silky hair.
LEGS.—Of moderate length, not wide apart, straight, with good-sized,
rather long foot.
TAIL.—Thick at root, tapering; slightly feathered; 9 to 11 inches long,
and scimitar-shaped.
[Illustration]
NECK AND SHOULDERS.—Neck long, deep at base, and rising well from
shoulders, which should be flat.
BODY.—Long, flat-ribbed, deep, not wide in chest; slightly arched back,
well ribbed; light quarters.
COAT.—Hard, with close bottom, and not lying flat to sides.
COLOR.—Dark blue, blue and tan, liver, liver and tan, sandy, and sandy
and tan.
HEIGHT.—Fifteen to sixteen inches.
WEIGHT.—Fifteen to twenty-five pounds.
[Illustration]
THE TERRIER (BLACK-AND-TAN).
[Illustration: Rochelle Kennels, New Rochelle, N. Y.
BROOMFIELD SULTAN.]
ORIGIN.—This breed was until very recently known as the Manchester
(England) terrier, and was probably brought into existence by the
operatives of that city.
USES.—A gamy vermin-dog, and a nice companion.
[Illustration]
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value.
Head 20
Eyes 10
Ears 5
Legs 10
Feet 10
Body 10
Tail 5
Color and markings 15
General appearance
(including terrier quality) 15
---
Total 100
[Illustration]
HEAD.—Long, almost flat, narrow, level, and wedge-shaped, without showing
cheek muscles; well filled up under eyes; tapering, tightly lipped jaws;
level teeth. Ears, if cropped, must stand perfectly erect; if uncropped,
small, thin, and V-shaped, hanging close to head above eyes. Eyes very
small, sparkling, and dark, set fairly close together, and oblong in
shape. Nose perfectly black.
NECK AND SHOULDERS.—Neck fairly long, tapering from shoulders to head,
free from throatiness, slightly arched; shoulders sloping.
CHEST.—Narrow but deep.
BODY.—Moderately short; powerful loins; ribs well sprung; back slightly
arched at loins, falling again at joining of tail to same height as the
shoulders.
LEGS.—Perfectly straight, set well under body, fair length.
FEET.—More inclined to be cat- than hare-footed; black toe-nails.
TAIL.—Moderately short, thick where it joins body, tapering to a point,
not carried higher than the back.
COAT.—Close, smooth, short, and glossy, not soft.
COLOR.—Black and mahogany tan, distributed distinctly over body. On head,
tan to the nose; nasal bone jet black; bright spot on each cheek and
above each eye. Under jaw and throat are tan; hair inside ear of same
color. Fore legs tan to knee, with black lines up each toe and black mark
above the foot. Inside hind legs tan, divided with black at hock-joint.
Under tail tan, and each side of chest is tanned slightly.
[Illustration]
THE TERRIER (BOSTON).
[Illustration: Squantum Kennels, Atlantic, Mass.
HIS NIBS.]
ORIGIN.—The parents of this breed were Hooper’s Judge (a cross from an
English bulldog and an English terrier) and Burnett’s Gyp, “a white
bitch.” The American Kennel Club has now recognized this as a distinct
breed. The origin as given dates back to about 1870.
USES.—Purely a toy dog, of very affectionate disposition and equable
temper.
[Illustration]
* SCALE OF POINTS, ETC.
Value.
Skull 12½
Ears 5
Eyes 5
Stop 2½
Muzzle 12½
Neck 5
Body 15
Elbows 2½
Fore legs 4
Hind legs 4
Feet 2
Tail 10
Color 7
Coat 3
General appearance 10
---
Total 100
GENERAL APPEARANCE.—The general appearance is that of a smooth,
short-coated, compactly built dog of moderately low stature. The head
should indicate a high degree of intelligence and be in proportion
to the dog’s size; body rather short and well knit; limbs strong and
finely turned; no feature being so prominent that the dog appears badly
proportioned; all conveying an impression of determination, strength, and
activity. Style of a high order, and carriage easy and graceful.
[Illustration]
HEAD.—Skull large, broad, and flat, without prominent cheeks, and
forehead free from wrinkles. Stop well defined, but indenture not too
deep. Eyes wide apart, large and round, neither sunken nor too prominent;
color dark and soft. The outside corner should be on a line with cheeks
as viewed from the front. Ears small and thin, situated as near corners
of skull as possible; rose-ear preferable. Muzzle moderately short, wide,
and deep (without wrinkles). Nose black and wide, with a well-defined
straight line between nostrils. Jaws broad, square, and even, with short,
strong teeth; chops wide and deep, not pendulous, completely covering
teeth when mouth is closed.
NECK.—Rather short and thick (without loose skin), and quite well arched.
BODY.—Set moderately low, deep and quite broad at chest, well ribbed up;
back quite short, not roached; loins and quarters strong.
ELBOWS.—Set quite low, standing neither in nor out.
FORE LEGS.—Rather wide apart, straight, and well muscled.
[Illustration]