c. 6.--Guill. Pod. Laur., c. 8.--Schmidt, Cathares, I. 299.--Vaissette,
III. 426, 503; Pr. 383-5, 392-3.--Teulet, Layettes, II. 490.--Bern.
Guidon. Vit. Coelestin. PP. IV. (Muratori, S. R. I. III. 589).--Berger,
Registres d'Innocent IV. No. 3530.
[59] Vaissette, III. Pr. 551-3.
[60] Vaissette, III. Pr. 575-77; IV. Pr. 109.
[61] Coll Doat, XXV. XXVI.--Martene Thesaur. V. 1809.
[62] Vaissette, IV. 3-5, 9-11, 16, 24-5.--Baudouin, Lettres inédites de
Philippe le Bel, Paris, 1886, p. 125.
[63] Raynald ann. 1303, No. 41.--Vaissette, IV. Note xi.--Guill.
Nangiac. Contin. ann. 1303, 1309, 1310.--Nich. Trivetti Chron. ann.
1306.--La Faille, Annales de Toulouse I. 284.
The irresistible encroachment of the royal jurisdiction, in spite of
perpetual opposition, is most effectively illustrated in the series of
royal letters recently printed by M. Ad. Baudouin (Lettres inédites de
Philippe le Bel, Paris, 1886).
[64] Bern. Guidon. Gravam. (Doat, XXX. 93, 97).--Molinier op. cit. p.
35.--Doat, XXVI. 197, 245, 265, 266.--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolos. p. 282.
Sanche Morlana, the archdeacon of Carcassonne, who is represented as
bearing a leading part in the conspiracy, belonged to one of the noblest
families of the city. His brother Arnaud, who at one time was Seneschal
of Foix, was likewise implicated, and died a few years later in the
bosom of the Church. In 1328 Jean Duprat, then inquisitor, obtained
evidence that Arnaud had been hereticated during a sickness, and again
subsequently on his death-bed (Doat. XXVIII. 128). This would seem to
lend color to the charge of heresy against the conspirators, but the
evidence was considered too flimsy to warrant condemnation.
[65] Doat, XXVI. 254.--Bern. Guidon. Gravam. (Doat, XXX. 93).--Arch. de
l'Inq. de Carc. (Doat, XXXII. 132).
[66] MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin. No. 11847.--Doat, XXVI. 197.--Lib.
Sententt. Inq. Tolos. pp. 54, 109, 111, 130, 137, 138, 139, 143, 144,
146, 147.
[67] There has been great confusion as to the date of Philippe's action.
The Ordonnance as printed by Laurière and Isambert is of 1287. As given
by Vaissette (IV. Pr. 97-8) it is of 1291. A copy in Doat, XXXI. 266
(from the Regist. Curiæ Franciæ de Carcass.), is dated 1297. Schmidt
(Cathares I. 342) accepts 1287; A. Molinier (Vaissette, Éd. Privat, IX.
157)confirms the date of 1291. The latter accords best with the series
of events. 1287 would seem manifestly impossible, as Philippe was
crowned January 6, 1286, at the age of seventeen, and would scarcely, in
fifteen months, venture on such a step so defiant of all that was held
sacred; nor would Nicholas IV. in 1290 have praised his zeal in
furthering the Inquisition (Ripoll II. 29), while 1297 seems
incompatible with his subsequent action on the subject.
In 1292 Philippe prohibited the capitouls of Toulouse from employing
torture on clerks subject to the jurisdiction of the bishop, a
prohibition which had to be repeated in 1307.--Baudouin, Lettres
inédites de Philippe le Bel, pp. 16, 73.
[68] Arch. de l'Inq. de Carc. (Doat, XXXII. 251).--Chron. Bardin ann.
1293 (Vaissette IV. Pr. 9).
[69] In 1278 the inquisitors of France applied to Nicholas III. for
instructions, stating that some time previous, during a popular
persecution of the Jews, many of them through fear, though not
absolutely coerced, had received baptism and allowed their children to
be baptized. With the passing of the storm they had returned to their
Jewish blindness, whereupon the inquisitors had cast them in prison.
They were duly excommunicated, but neither this nor the "_squalor
carceris_" had been of avail, and they had thus remained for more than
a year. The nonplussed inquisitors thereupon submitted to the Holy See
the question as to further proceedings, and Nicholas ordered them to
treat such Jews as heretics--that is to say, to burn them for continued
obstinacy.--Archives de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXVII. 191).
[70] Mag. Bull. Roman. I. 151, 155, 159.--Archivio di Napoli, Registro
20, Lett. B, fol. 91.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 14930, fol.
227-8.--Wadding, ann. 1290, No. 5, 6.--C. 13, Sexto V. 2--Coll. Doat,
XXXII. 127; XXXVII. 193, 206, 209, 242, 255, 258.--Wadding, ann. 1359,
No. 1-3.--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolos. p. 230.
In 1288 Philippe had already ordered the Seneschal of Carcassonne to
protect the Jews from the citations and other vexations inflicted on
them by the ecclesiastical courts (Vaissette, Éd. Privat, IX. Pr. 232).
Yet in 1306 he had all the Jews of the kingdom seized and exiled, and
forbidden to return under pain of death (Guill. Nangiac. Contin. ann.
1306).
[71] Regist. Curiæ Franciæ de Carc. (Doat, XXXII. 254, 267, 268,
269).--Vaisette, IV. Pr. 99.
[72] Du Puy, Histoire du Differend, etc. Pr. 14, 15, 23,
24.--D'Argentré, Collect. Judic. de novis Error. I. I. 125.--Vaissette,
IV. Pr. 99.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carc. (Doat, XXXII. 264).--Faucon,
Registres de Boniface VIII. No. 2140.
[73] Du Puy, op. cit. Pr. 39, 41, 42, 44.--Faucon, Registres de Boniface
VIII. No. 1822-3, No. 1829, No. 1830-1, No. 1930.--C. 18 Sexto v.
2.--Isambert, Anc. Loix Franç. II. 718.--Vaissette, Éd. Privat, X. Pr.
347.--Archives de l'Évêché d'Albi (Doat, XXXII. 275).
[74] C. Molinier, L'Inq. dans le midi de la France, p. 92.--A.
Molinier(Vaissette, Éd. Privat, IX. 307). The character and power of the
bishops of Albi are illustrated in a successor of Bernard de Castanet,
Bishop Géraud, who in 1312, to settle a quarrel with the Seigneur de
Puygozon, raised an army of five thousand men with which he attacked the
royal Château Vieux d'Albi, and committed much devastation.--Vaissette,
IV. 160.
[75] Bern. Guidon. Hist. Conv. Prædic. (Martene Coll. Ampl. VI.
477-8).--Ejusd. Gravam. (Doat, XXX. 94).
[76] MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 4270, fol. 18, 119-23, 129, 135-6,
292.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carc. (Doat, XXXII. 283).--Vaissette, IV. 91;
Pr. 100-2.--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolos. pp. 282-5.--Coll. Doat, XXXIV.
21.
[77] Concil. Biterrens. ann. 1299, c. 3 (Vaissette, IV. 96).--MSS. Bib.
Nat., fonds latin, No. 4270, fol. 264, 270.--Archives de l'Evêché d'Albi
(Doat, XXXV. 69).--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 11847.--Lib.
Sententt. Inquis. Tolos. p. 266.
[78] Du Puy, Hist. du Differend, Pr. 633 sqq. 653-4.--Martene Thesaur.
I. 1320-36.
[79] MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 4270, fol. 125-8, 139.
[80] In a series of confessions extracted from Master Arnaud Matha, a
clerk of Carcassonne, in 1285, there are two, of October 4 and 10, in
which he describes all the details of the heretication of Castel Fabri
on his death-bed, in 1278 (Doat, XXVI. 258-60). While these cannot be
positively said to be interpolations, they have the appearance of being
so, and it may safely be assumed as impossible that such a matter would
have been allowed to lie dormant for fifteen years with so rich a prize
within reach. The case is doubtless one of the forged records which, as
we have seen, were popularly believed to be customary in the
Inquisition.
[81] MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 4270, fol. 14-16, 29-30, 35, 120,
148.--Coll. Doat, XXVII. 178; XXXIV. 123, 189.
As late as 1338 the confiscated house of Castel Fabri at Carcassonne was
the subject of a reclamation by Pierre de Manse who claimed that
Philippe le Bel had given it to his queen, through whom it had come to
him. The royal officials asserted that the gift had only been for life,
and had seized it again, but Philippe de Valois abandoned it to the
claimant.--Vaissette, Éd. Privat. X. Pr. 831-3.
[82] Historia Tribulationum (Archiv für Litteratur. u.
Kirchengeschichte, 1886, p. 148).--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No.
4270, fol. 231.--Vaissette, Éd. Privat, X. 268.
[83] MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 4270, fol. 9, 19, 22, 24, 26, 32,
40, 63, 70, 73, 81, 82, 84, 119, 128, 149, 155, 163.--Bern. Guidon.
Hist. Conv. Albiens. (D. Bouquet, XXI. 748).--Coll. Doat, XXXIV. 26.
[84] MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 4270, fol. 163.--Guillel. Nangiac.
Contin. ann. 1303.--Grandes Chroniques, T. V. pp. 156-7.--Girard de
Fracheto Chron. contin. ann. 1203 (D. Bouq. XXI. 23).--Vaissette, IV.
112.--Bern. Guidon. Hist. Fund. Conv. (Martene Ampl. Coll. V. 514).
When, long years afterwards, in 1319, Bernard Délicieux was carried from
Avignon to Toulouse for the trial which led to his death, one of the
convoy, a notary named Arnaud de Nogaret, chanced to allude to a report
that Pequigny had been bribed with one thousand livres to oppose the
Inquisition. Then the old man's temper flashed forth in defence of his
departed friend--"Thou liest in the throat: the Vidame was an honest
man!"--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 4270, fol. 263.
[85] Bern. Guidon. Hist. Fund. Conv. (Martene Ampl. Coll. VI.
510-11).--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carc. (Doat, XXVII. 7).--MSS. Bib. Nat.,
fonds latin, No. 4270. fol. 6, 7, 11, 42, 45, 48, 71, 161, 270.--Arch.
de l'hôtel-de-ville d'Albi (Doat. XXXIV. 169).--Vaissette, IV. 143.
[86] MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 4270, fol. 16, 149.
[87] MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 4270, fol. 121, 125, 132, 150,
159, 165.--Vaissette, IV. Pr. 118-20.--Bern. Guidon. Hist. Conv. Prædic.
(Martene Ampl. Coll. VI. 510).--Arch. de l'hôtel-de-ville d'Albi (Doat,
XXXIV. 169).
[88] Vaissette, IV. Pr. 118-21.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No, 4270,
fol. 69.--Isambert, Anc. Loix Franç. II. 747, 789.
[89] Arch, de l'hôtel-de-ville d'Albi (Doat, XXXIV. 169).--MSS. Bib.
Nat., fonds latin, No. 4270, fol. 16, 70, 134, 151.--Coll. Doat, XXXIII.
207-72; XXXIV. 189.
[90] Vaissette, Éd. Privat, X. Pr. 409.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin,
No. 4270, fol. 165.--Bern. Guidon. Hist. Conr. Prædic. (Martene Ampl.
Coll. VI. 511).
[91] MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, 4270, fol. 8, 17, 19, 20, 32, 44, 49,
58, 156, 162, 229.--Pequigny is also said to have arrested some of the
friars connected with the Inquisition (La Faille, Annales de Toulouse I.
34), but I think this impossible.
[92] MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, 4270, fol. 27, 272.--Arch. de l'Inq.
de Carc. (Doat, XXXII. 114).--Bern. Guidon. Hist. Conv. Prædic. (Martene
Ampl. Coll. VI. 511).--Vaissette, IV. Pr. 128.--Coll. Doat, XXXIV. 26.
The Dominican party declared that the statements purporting to come from
the prisoners were fraudulent, and Bernard Gui relates with savage
satisfaction that a monk named Raymond Baudier, who was concerned in
getting them up, hanged himself like Judas (l. c. p. 514).
[93] MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, 4270, fol. 63, 153-55,
272-3.--Hauréau, Bern. Délicieux pp. 187, 190.
[94] Arch. de l'Inq. de Carc. (Doat, XXXI. 10; XXXII. 114).--Bern.
Guidon. Hist. Conv. Prædic. (Martene Ampl. Coll. VI. 510-11).--MSS. Bib.
Nat., fonds latin, 4270, fol. 88, 109, 122.
[95] Arch. de l'hôtel-de-ville d'Albi (Doat, XXXIV. 45).--Arch. de
l'Inq. de Carc. (Doat, XXXIV. 14).--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, 4270,
fol. 23, 25, 31, 86, 132, 137, 140-1, 152, 153.
[96] Grandjean, Registres de Benoit XI. No. 1253-60, 1276.--MSS, Bib.
Nat., fonds latin, 4270, fol. 21, 73, 74, 158, 162, 278.--Molinier,
L'Inq. dans le midi de la France pp. 126-7.--Geoffroi d'Ablis had
sufficient influence with the king to persuade him to found the
Dominican convent of Poissy.
[97] Vaissette, IV. Pr. 130-1.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, 4270, fol.
139.
[98] MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, 4270, fol. 26, 74-8, 88-9, 98, 103-8,
198, 200-3, 226, 233, 265, 279.--Mascaro, Memorias de Bezes, ann. 1336,
1389.
For the tenure of Montpellier by the Kings of Majorca, see Vaissette,
IV. 38, 42, 77-8, 151, 235-6. It was not until 1349 that Philippe de
Valois bought out the rights of Jayme II., and in 1352 his son Jean was
obliged to extinguish the claims still asserted by Pedro IV. of Aragon
(Ib. 247, 268, Pr. 219).
Bernard's attention was probably drawn to the House of Majorca by its
strong adhesion to the Franciscan Order. Ferrand's older brother died in
1304, in the Franciscan habit, under the name of Fray Jayme. Another
brother, Felipe, became a "Spiritual Franciscan," as we shall see
hereafter.
[99] MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, 4270, fol. 78-80, 90-1, 196, 247,
252-3, 257-9.--Bern. Guidon. Hist. Conv. Prædic. (Martene Ampl. Coll.
VI. 479-80).--Vaissette, IV. 129-30.--Vaissette, Éd. Privat, X. Pr.
461.--Bernard Gui's allusion refers to the insults offered to the
Dominicans during the troubles of Carcassonne, when those who ventured
into the streets were followed with cries of "Coac, Coac!" "_ad modum
corvi_"--MS. No. 4270, fol. 281.
[100] Arch. de l'hôtel-de-ville d'Albi (Doat, XXXIV. 42).--Arch, de
l'Évêché d'Albi (Doat, XXXII. 81).
[101] MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, 4270, fol. 10-11, 84, 128,
160-7.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carc. (Doat, XXXII. 83).
Geoffroi's stay at Lyons was prolonged. November 29, we find him issuing
commissions to those appointed by his deputies (Doat, XXXII. 85). Jean
de Faugoux had been connected with the Inquisition for at least twenty
years (Doat, XXXII. 125).
[102] MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 4270, fol. 254.--Arch, de
l'hôtel-de-ville d'Albi (Doat, XXXIV. 45).--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carc.
(Doat, XXXIII. 48).
[103] Arch. de l'hôtel-de-ville d'Albi (Doat, XXXIV. 45).--Arch. de
l'Inq. de Carc. (Doat, XXXIV. 89, 112).--Bern. Guidon Gravam. (Doat,
XXX. 95-6.)--Ripoll II. 112.
I designed printing in the Appendix the Gravamina of Bernard Gui and the
report of the Cardinals. M. Charles Molinier, however, I understand, is
engaged on an edition of these documents, to be accompanied with a
complete apparatus, which will render any other publication superfluous.
[104] Arch. de l'Inq. de Carc. (Doat, XXXI. 74; XXXIV. 89).--MSS. Bib.
Nat., fonds latin, No. 11847.--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolos. pp. 228,
266-7, 282-5.--Coll. Doat, XXXII. 309, 316.--Vaissette, Éd. Privat, X.
Pr. 526.
[105] Archives de l'Inq. de Carcassonne (Doat, XXXVII. 255).
The Inquisition seems to have by some means acquired jurisdiction over
the Jews of Languedoc. In 1279 there is a charter granted by Bernard,
Abbot of S. Antonin of Pamiers, to the Jews of Pamiers, approving of
certain statutes agreed upon among themselves concerning their internal
affairs, thus showing them subjected to the abbatial jurisdiction. Yet
in 1297 we have a letter from the inquisitor, Frère Arnaud Jean,
ordering the Jews of Pamiers to live according to the customs of the
Jews of Narbonne, and promising not to introduce "_aliquas graves et
insolitas novitates_." During the interval they had thus passed into
the hands of the Inquisition.--Coll. Doat, XXXVII. 156, 160.
[106] Martin Fuldens. Chron. ann. 1312.--C. 1, 2, 3, Clement, V.
iii.--Bern. Guidon. Gravam. (Doat, XXX.).--Bern. Guidon. Practica, P.
IV. c. 1.
It is due to Clement to say that doubtless he devised a much more
thorough reform, and the meagreness of the outcome is probably
attributable to the final revision under John XXII. Angelo da Clarino,
writing from Avignon in 1313, about the new canons, which were then
supposed to be ready for issue, says: "_Inquisitores etiam heretice
pravitatis restringuntur et supponuntur episcopis_"--which would argue
something much more decisive than the regulations as they finally
appeared.--Franz Ehrle, Archiv. für Litteratur-u. Kirchengeschichte,
1885, p. 545.
[107] Du Puy, Histoire du Differend, Preuves, pp. 522-602.
[108] Joann. Canon. S. Victor. Chron. ann. 1314-16.--Rymer, Foedera, III.
494-5.--Grandes Chroniques, ann. 1314-16--Bern. Guidon. Vit. Joann. PP.
XXII.--Ptolmaei Lucens. Append.
John XXII. has always passed as the son of a cobbler of Cahors. Recent
researches, however, render it probable that he belonged to a well-to-do
burgher family.--A. Molinier (Vaissette, Éd. Privat. X. 363.)
[109] Joann. Can. S. Victor. Chron. ann. 1311, 1316-19.--Historia
Tribulationum (Archiv. für Litteratur-u. Kirchengeschichte, 1886, pp.
145-8).--Wadding. ann. 1318, No. 26-7.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No.
4270, fol. 1, 39.
[110] MSS. Bib. Nat, fonds latin, No. 4270, fol. 5, 81, 103-4, 146-7,
169.
Arnaud Garsia and Pierre Probi were kept in prison until 1325, when they
were released on payment of two thousand gold florins, and such penance
as Jean Duprat, the inquisitor, might impose on them. Their sequestrated
property was ordered to be restored.--Vaissette, Éd. Privat, X. Pr. 645.
[111] Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolosan. pp. 268-73.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds
latin, No. 4270, fol. 186-92.--Jo. a S. Victore Memor. Historiale ann.
1319 (Bouquet, XXI. 664).
[112] Isambert, Anc. Loix Franç. III. 123.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carc.
(Doat, XXXII. 138).--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 11847.--Lib.
Sententt. Inq. Tolos. pp. 228, 244-8, 266-7, 277-81.--Arch, de
l'hôtel-de-ville d'Albi (Doat, XXXIV. 169, 185).
[113] Bern. Guidon. Gravam. (Doat, XXX. 97).
[114] Ibid. (Doat, XXX. 96, 98).--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin, No. 4270,
fol. 138-9, 213.
[115] Molinier, L'Inq. dans le midi de la France, p. 111--MSS. Bib.
Nat., fonds latin, No. 4270, fol. 285.
[116] Bern. Guidon. Hist. Conv. Præedic. (Martene Ampl. Coll. VI.
469).--Touron, Hommes illustres de l'Ordre de S. Dominique, II. 94.
[117] Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolos. pp. 2, 3, 12, 13, 32, 68, 76, 81,
159.--Molinier, L'Inq. dans le midi de la France, pp. 145-56.
[118] Molinier, op. cit. p. 157--Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolos, p. 102.
[119] Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolos. p. 37.
[120] Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolos. pp. 59, 60, 64, 73, 74, 75, 92-3, 132.
[121] Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolos. pp. 341-2.--Coll. Doat, XXVII. 198-200,
248; XXVIII. 128, 158.
The entire disappearance of a sect once so numerous and powerful as the
Cathari has appeared so unlikely that there has been a widespread belief
that their descendants were to be found in the Cagots--the accursed race
of the Pyrenees who in French Navarre were only admitted to common legal
rights in 1709, and in the Spanish province in 1818, some of them still
existing in the latter. The Cagots themselves even assumed this to be
their origin in an appeal to Leo X., in 1517, to be restored to human
society, and claimed that their ancestral errors had been long atoned
for. Yet among all the conjectures as to the origin of this mysterious
class, the descent from Catharans would seem to be the least admissible,
and M. de Lagrèze's opinion that they are descendants of lepers is
sustained by arguments which appear to be convincing.--Lagrèze, La
Navarre Française I. 53-60. Cf. Vaissette, Liv. XXXIV. c. 79.
[122] Coll. Doat, XXVII. 216-25, 234.
[123] Vaissette, III, 362, 496; IV. 104-5, 211.--Archives de l'Évêché
de Béziers (Doat, XXXI. 35).--Beugnot, Les Olim I. 1029-30.--Les Olim I.
580.--Coll. Doat, XXXIII. 1.
The extent of the change of the proprietorship is well illustrated by a
list of the lands and rents confiscated for heresy to the profit of
Philippe de Montfort from his vassals. It embraces fiefs and other
properties in Lautrec, Montredon, Senegats, Rabastain, and Lavaur. The
knights and gentlemen and peasants thus stripped are all named, with
their offences--one died a heretic, another was hereticated on his
death-bed, a third was condemned for heresy, and a fourth was burned at
Lavaur, while in other cases the mother, or the father, or both were
heretics (Doat, XXXII. 258-63).
Many examples of donations and sales are preserved in the Doat
collection. I may instance T. XXXI. fol. 171, 237, 255; T. XXXII. fol.
46, 53, 55, 57, 64, 67, 69, 244, etc.
In the possessions of the English crown in Aquitaine the same process
was going on, though in a minor degree (Rymer, Foedera, III. 408).
[124] Coll. Doat, XXXII. 309, 316.
[125] Joinville, P. I. (Ed. 1785. p. 23).
[126] Alberic. Triun. Font. Chron. ann. 1236.--Gregor. PP. IX. Bull.
_Gaudemus_. 19 Ap. 1233 (Ripoll I. 45-6).--Raynald. ann. 1233, No. 59.
[127] Greg. PP. IX. Bull. _Olim_, 4 Feb. 1234; Ejusd. Bull. _Dudum_, 21
Aug. 1235; Ejusd. Bull. _Quo inter coeteras_, 22 Aug. 1235; Ejusd. Bull.
_Dudum_, 23 Aug. 1235 (Ripoll I. 80-1).--Potthast No. 9386.--Chron.
breve Lobiens. ann. 1235 (Martene Thes. III. 1427).--D. Bouquet, XXII.
570.--Chron. Rimée de Philippe Mousket, v. 28871-29025.--Alberic. Trium
Font. ann. 1235.
[128] Chron. S. Medardi Suessionens. (D'Achery, II. 491).--Conc.
Trevirens. ann. 1238, c. 31 (Martene Ampl. Coll. VII. 130).--Wadding.
Annal. ann. 1236, No. 3.--Meyeri Annal. Flandrens. Lib. VIII. ann.
1236.--Raynald. ann. 1238, No. 52.--Matt. Paris ann. 1236, 1238, pp.
293, 326 (Ed. 1644).--Chron. Gaufridi de Collone ann. 1239 (Bouquet,
XXII. 3).--Alberic. Trium Font. Chron. ann. 1239.--Chron. Riméc de Phil.
de Mousket, v. 30525-34.
Frère Bremond endeavors to clear Robert's fame from the accusations
brought against him by Matthew Paris, and states that he died in the
convent of St. Jacques in Paris in 1235.
[129] Concil. Turonens. ann. 1239, c. 1.--D. Bouquet, XXI. 262, 264,
268, 273, 274, 276, 280, 281.--Ripoll I. 273-4.
[130] Coll. Doat, XXXI. 68.--Martene Coll. Ampl. I. 1284.--Wadding.
Annal. ann. 1288, No. 14, 15; ann. 1290, No. 3, 5, 6; ann. 1292, No. 3.
[131] Arch. de l'Inq. de Carc. (Doat. XXXI. 90; XXXII. 41).--Wadding.
Annal. ann. 1255, No. 14.--Raynald. ann. 1255, No. 33.--Arch. Nat. de
France, J. 431, No. 30, 31, 34, 35, 36.--Ripoll I. 273-4, 291, 362, 472,
512; II. 29.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds latin. No. 14930. fol. 226.--Martene
Thesaur. V. 1814, 1817.
[132] Ripoll I. 179, 183; II. 29.--Potthast No. 15995.--Lib. Sentt. Inq.
Tolos. pp. 252-4.
[133] Martene Thesaur. V. 1809, 1811-13.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcass.
(Doat, XXXII. 127).
[134] Ripoll II. 1.--Guill. Nangiac. Contin. ann. 1307, 1310.
[135] Martene Ampl. Collect. VII. 1325-7. Cf. Concil. Trident. Sess.
xxv. Decret. Reform, c. 3.
[136] Arch. Nat. de France, J. 428, No. 15, 19 _bis_.--Guillel. Nangiac.
Contin, ann. 1308, 1310.--Grandes Chroniques, V. 188.
[137] Guillel. Nangiac. Contin. ann. 1323.--Grandes Chroniques, V.
273-4.--Chron. Johann. S. Victor. Contin. ann. 1323 (Bouquet, XXI. 681).
[138] Coll. Doat, XXVII. 119, 132, 140, 146, 156, 178, 192, 198,
232.--Vaissette, IV. Pr. 23.
[139] Vaiseette, Éd. Privat, X. Pr. 782-3, 792, 802, 813-14.--Arch, de
l'Évêché d'Albi (Doat. XXXV. 120).--Vaissette, IV. 184.--Martene Ampl.
Coll. VI. 433.
[140] Ripoll II. 236.
[141] Raynald. ann. 1365, No. 17; ann. 1373, No. 19, 21.--Gaguini Hist.
Francor. Lib. IX. c. 2. (Ed. 1576, p. 158).--Meyeri Annal. Flandr. Lib.
XIII. ann. 1372.--Du Cange s. v. _Turlupini_.--Gersoni de Consolat.
Theolog. Lib. IV. Prosa 3; Ejusd. de Mystica Theol. Specul. P. I.
Consid. 8; Ejusd. de Distinctione verarum Visionum Signum, 5.--Altmeyer,
Précurseurs de la Réforme aux Pays-Bas, I. 85.
Probably there may be some connection between the Turelupins and certain
wandering bands known as "_de Pexariacho_" and suspected of heresy. A
member of these, named Bidon de Puy-Guillem, of the diocese of Bordeaux,
was condemned to perpetual imprisonment, and was liberated by Gregory
XI. in 1371 (Coll. Doat, XXXV. 134).
[142] Grandes Chroniques, ann. 1380-1.--Religieux de S. Denis, Hist. de
Charles VI. Liv. I. c. 13, liv. II. c. 1.
[143] Religieux de S. Denis, op. cit. Liv. IV. ch. 13.--D'Argentré,
Collect. Judic. de novis error. I. II. 151.
[144] Chron. Bardin, ann. 1322 (Vaissette, IV. Pr. 21-22).
[145] Isambert, Anc. Lois Franç. IV. 364-5.--Coll. Doat, XXVII.
118.--Vaissette, IV. Pr. 23.
[146] Chron. Bardin, ann. 1340, 1368 (Vaissette, IV. Pr. 27, 31).
[147] Chron. Bardin, ann. 1364 (Vaissette, IV. Pr. 30. Cf. A. Molinier,
Éd. Privat. X. 763).
[148] Martene Thesaur. I. 1399.
[149] Arch. Administratives de Reims, III. 637-45.--Meyeri Annal.
Flandr. Lib. XVI. ann. 1419.--Lafaille, Annales de Toulouse I.
183.--Chron. Bardin, ann. 1423 (Vaissette. IV. Pr. 38).
[150] Arch. Administratives de Reims, III. 639-43.
[151] Isambert, Anc. Lois Franç. IX. 3; X. 393, 396-416, 477.--Bochelli
Decret. Eccles. Gallican. Lib. IV. Tit. 4, 5.--Bull. de la Soc. de
l'Hist. du Protestantisme en France, 1860, p. 121.--D'Argentré Coll.
Judic. de novis Error. I. II. 357.--Fascic. Rer. Expetend. et Fugiend.
I. 63 (Ed. 1690).
The feelings with which the abrogation of the Pragmatic Sanction in 1461
was received are well expressed in the "_Pragmaticæ Sanctionis
Passio_," Baluz. et Mansi, IV. 29.
Pius II. is singularly candid in his account of the simoniacal
transaction through which he purchased the abrogation by giving the
cardinal's hat to Jean, Bishop of Arras. The suggestion at first
provoked the liveliest remonstrances from the members of the Sacred
College, who, through their spokesman, the Cardinal of Avignon, warned
Pius that there would be no peace in the Consistory, for the bishop
would set them all by the ears, and that his unquiet spirit showed that
he must be the offspring of an Incubus. Pius admitted all this, but
argued that it was an unfortunate necessity; both Louis XI. and Philippe
le Bon had asked for his promotion; unless the request was granted the
Pragmatic Sanction would not be abolished, for the fury of the
disappointed man would convert him into its supporter, and, as he was
learned, he would readily find ample Scriptural warrant to adduce in its
favor, which would be decisive, as he was the only man in France who
urged the abrogation, and he could readily lead the king to change his
mind. These arguments were convincing, and Pius enjoyed the supreme
triumph of destroying the last relic of the reforms of Constance and
Basle. He paid dearly for it, however, in the annoyances inflicted on
him by the new cardinal, whom he describes as a liar and a perjurer,
avaricious and ambitious, a glutton and a drunkard, and excessively
given to women. He was so irascible that at meals he would frequently
throw the silver plates and vessels at the servants, and occasionally
would push the whole table over, to the dismay of his guests.--Æn.
Sylvii Opp. inedd. (Atti della Accad. dei Lincei, 1883, pp. 531, 546-8).
[152] Juvenal des Ursins, ann. 1411, 1413.--Religieux de S. Denis, Hist.
de Charles VI. Liv. XXXII. ch. 14; XXXIII. ch. 1, 15, 16; XXXV. ch. 18.
[153] D'Argentré, op. cit. I. II. 370.
[154] Ibid. I. II. 340.
[155] Ibid. I. II. 346.
[156] Wadding, ann. 1375, No. 17; 1418, No. 1, 2; 1419, No. 2; 1434, No.
2, 3; 1472, No. 24.--Ripoll II. 522, 566-9, 637, 644; III. 487; IV. 6.
[157] Wadding. ann. 1409, No. 13; 1418, No. 1, 2, 4.
[158] Baluz. et Mansi I. 288-93,--Arch. Gén. de Belgique, Papiers
d'État, v. 405.--MSS. Bib. Nat., fonds Moreau, 444, fol. 10.--Ripoll
II. 533; III. 6, 8, 21, 193.
[159] Ripoll III. 301.--Wadding, ann. 1458, No. 12.
[160] Wadding, ann. 1458, No. 13; 1461, No. 3.--Ripoll III. 317, 423,
487; IV. 103, 217, 303, 304, 356, 373.
A MS. of Bernard Gui's _Practica_, now in the Municipal Library of
Toulouse, bears a marginal note that it was lent by the Inquisition of
Toulouse, in 1483, to the Dominicans of Bordeaux to be transcribed, thus
showing that there was an Inquisition in operation in the latter city of
which the members required instruction in their duties (Molinier, l'Inq.
dans le midi de la France, p. 201).
[161] Memoires de Jacques du Clercq, Liv. III. ch. 43.--D'Argentré, op.
cit. I. II. 308-18, 319-20, 323, 347.
[162] Bremond, _ap_. Ripoll IV. 373.--Ripoll IV. 390.
[163] Ripoll IV. 376.--Wieri de Præstig. Dæmon. Lib. VI. c. 11.
[164] Coll. Doat, XXI. 197, 203, 208, 223, 225, 232, 233, 234, 236, 238,
241, 244, 250, 252, 254, 261-2, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 269, 270, 271,
275, 276, 281, 282, 289, 296.
It is perhaps worthy of note that Raymond de Péreille, the Castellan of
Montségur, and his companions, when on trial, while freely giving
evidence about innumerable Cathari, declared that they knew nothing
whatever about Waldenses, which would seem to indicate that there was
little communication between the sects (Doat, XXII. 217; XXIII. 344;
XXIV. 8).
[165] Statut. Synod. Odonis Tullensis ann. 1192, c. ix., x. (Martene
Thesaur. IV. 1180).--Ripoll I. 183.--Douais, Les sources de l'histoire
de l'Inq. (Revue des Questions Historiques, Oct. 1881, p. 434).--Peyrat,
Les Alb. et l'Inquis. III. 74.--Chabrand, Vaudois et Protestants des
Alpes, Grenoble, 1886, p. 34.--Havet, L'heresie et le bras seculier
(Bib. de l'École des Chartes, 1880, p. 585).--Vaissette, IV. 17.--A.
Molinier (Vaissette, Éd. Privat, VI. 819).--Wadding, ann. 1288, No.
14-15; 1292, No. 3.--Raynald. ann. 1288, No. 27-8.
[166] Lib. Sententt. Inq. Tolos. pp. 200-1, 207-8, 216-43, 252-4, 262-5,
289-90, 340-7, 352, 355, 364-66.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcass. (Doat,
XXVII. 7 sqq.).
[167] Bernard. Guidon. Practica P. v. (Doat. XXX.).
[168] Wadding. ann. 1321, No. 21-4.
[169] Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcass. (Doat, XXVII. 119 sqq.).--Raynald.
ann. 1335, No. 63; 1344, No. 9; 1352, No. 20.--Chabrand. op. cit. pp.
36-7.--Wadding ann. 1352, No. 14, 15; 1363, No. 14, 15; 1364, No. 14,
15; 1365, No. 3.--Lombard, Pierre Valdo et les Vaudois du Briançonnais,
Genève, 1880, pp. 17. 20, 23-7.
[170] Raynald. ann. 1372, No. 34; ann. 1373, No. 19.
[171] Wadding. ann. 1375, No. 11-19.--D'Argentré, op. cit. I. I.
394.--Ripoll II. 289.--Raynald. ann. 1375, No. 26.--Gautier, Hist, de la
Ville de Gap, p. 39.
[172] Lombard, op. cit. pp. 27-8.--Wadding, ann. 1375, No.
21-3.--Isambert, Anc. Loix Franç. IV. 491.
[173] Wadding. ann. 1376, No. 3.
[174] Wadding. ann. 1375, No. 24; ann. 1376, No. 2.--Arch. de l'Inq. de
Carcass. (Doat, XXXV. 163).
[175] Perrin's Waldenses, translated by Lennard, London, 1624, Bk. 2 pp.
18, 19.--Leger, Hist. des Églises Vaudoises II. 26.--Chabrand, op. cit.
pp. 39, 40.
[176] Miroir de Souabe, ch. 89 (Ed. Matile, Neuchatel, 1843).
[177] Wadding. ann. 1409, No. 12.
[178] Mary-Lafon, Hist. du midi de la France, III. 384.--C. Bituricens.
ann. 1432 (Harduin. VIII. 1459).--Martene Ampl. Coll. VII. 161-3.
[179] Leger, Hist. des Églises vaudoises, II. 24.--Duverger, La Vauderie
dans les États de Philippe le Bon, Arras, 1885, p. 112.
Even in the eariy part of the sixteenth century, Robert Gaguin, in
speaking of riding on a broomstick and worshipping Satan, adds "_quod
impietatis genus Valdensium esse dicitur_" (Rer. Gallican. Annal. Lib.
X. p. 242. Francof. ad M. 1587).
[180] Martene Ampl. Collect. II. 1506-7.
[181] Isambert, Anc. Loix Franç. X. 793-4.
[182] Chabrand, op. cit. pp. 43, 48-52, 70.--Herzog, Die romanischen
Waldenser pp. 277-82.--D'Argentré I. I. 105.--Leger, Hist. des Églises
Vaudoises II. 23-5.--Filippo de Boni, I Calabro-Valdesi p. 71.--Comba,
Histoire des Vaudois d'Italie, Paris, 1887, I. 160-66, 169.
The Waldensian legend relates that in the cavern of Aigue-Fraide the
number of victims was three thousand, of whom four hundred were
children, but I think that M. Chabrand has sufficiently demonstrated its
exaggerated improbability (Op. cit. pp. 53-9).
[183] Herzog, op. cit. pp. 283-5.--Perrin, Hist. Waldens. B. II. ch.
3.--Chabrand, op. cit. pp. 73-4.
[184] Matt. Paris ann. 1234 (p. 270, Ed. 1644).--Reinerii Summa (Martene
Thesaur. V. 1767-8).
[185] Archives Nat. de France, J. 426, No. 4.--D'Achery Spicileg III.
598.--Paramo de Orig. Offic. S. Inquis. p. 177.--Zurita, Añales de
Aragon, Lib. III. c. 94.--Ripoll I. 38. (Cf. Llorente, Ch. III. Art. i.
No. 3).--Marca Hispanica, pp. 1425-6.
[186] Llorente, Ch. III. Art. i. No. 5--Ripoll I. 91-2.
[187] Vaissette, III. Pr. 383-5, 392-3.--Doat, XXII. 218; XXIV. 184.
[188] Wadding, ann. 1238, No. 6.--Doat, XXIV. 182.--Pet. Rodulphii Hist.
Seraph. Lib. II. fol. 285_b_.--Berger, Registres d'Innoc. IV. No.
2257.--Monteiro, Hist. da Inquisição, P. I. Liv. ii. ch. 36.
[189] Llorente, Ch. III Art. 1. No. 7, 8, 19.--Concil. Tarraconens. ann.
1242.--Paramo, pp. 110, 177-8.
[190] Berger, Registres d'Innocent IV. No. 799, 3904.--Baluz. et Mansi
I. 208.--Ripoll I. 245, 427, 429; II. 235.--Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. pp.
129-36.--Paramo, p. 132.
[191] Llorente, Ch. III. Art. i. No. 14, 17.--Monteiro, Hist. da
Inquisição, P. I. Liv. ii. ch. 10.--Pelayo, Heterodoxos Españoles, I.
492.--Zurita, Añales de Aragon, Lib. II. c. 76.--Paramo, p. 178.
[192] Concil. Tarraconens. ann. 1291, c. 8 (Martene Ampl. Coll. VII.
294).
[193] Llorente, Ch. III. Art. ii. No. 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14.--Eymeric.
Direct. Inquis. p. 265.--Ripoll II. 245.--Zurita, Añales, Lib. VI. c.
61.--Raynald. ann. 1344, No. 9.
[194] Eymeric. Direct. Inq. p. 262.--Ripoll. III. 421; VII.
90.--Wadding. ann. 1351, No. 16, 18, 21; ann. 1462, No. 1-18; 1463, No.
1-5; 1464, No. 1-6.--D'Argentré, I. I. 372; II. 250, 254.--Gradonici
Pontif. Brixianorum Series, Brixiæ, 1755, pp. 348-51.--Æn. Sylvii
Comment. Lib. XI.; Ejusd. Lib. de Contentione Divini Sanguinis.
[195] Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. pp. 44, 266, 314-6, 351, 357-8,
652-3.--Mag. Bull. Rom. I. 263.--Ripoll II. 268, 269, 270.--Martene
Thesaur. II. 1181-2, 1182 _bis_, 1189.--Raynald. ann. 1398, No.
23.--Wadding, ann. 1371, No. 14-24.--Paramo, p. 111.--Pelayo,
Heterodoxos Españoles, I. 499-500, 528.
[196] Dameto, Mut, y Alemany, Historia General de Mallorca (Ed. 1840, I.
101-3, II. 652).--Libell. de Magist. Ord. Prædic. (Martene Ampl. Coll.
VI. 432).--Paramo, pp. 179, 186-7.--Ripoll II. 579, 594; III. 20,
28.--Monteiro, P. I. Liv. ii. c. 30.--Llorente, Ch. III. Art. iii. No.
4, 8.
[197] Ripoll II. 613.
[198] Ripoll III. 347.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carcass. (Doat, XXXV. 192).
[199] Llorente, Ch. III. Art. iii. No. 11.--Albertini Repertor. Inquis.
s. v. _Deficiens_.--Ripoll III. 397, 415, 572.
[200] Llorente, Ch. VII. Art. ii. No. 2.--Herculano, Da Origem, etc., da
Inquisição em Portugal, I. 44.--Ripoll III. 422.--Paramo, p. 187.
[201] Monteiro, P. I. Liv. i. c. 38, 44, 46, 48-51; Liv. ii. c.
5-12.--Chron. Eccles. Hamelens. (Scriptt. Rer. Brunsv. II.
508).--Herculano, I. 39.--Baluz. et Mansi, I. 208.--Paramo de Orig.
Offic. S. Inquis. p. 131.
[202] Lucæ Tudens. de altera Vita, Lib. III. c. 7, 9. Cf. c. 18,
20.--Florez, España Sagrada, XXII. 120-22, 126-30.
[203] Lucæ Tudens. Lib. III. c. 12.--Raynald. ann. 1236, No.
60.--Rodrigo. Hist. Verdadera de la Inquisicion, II. 10.
[204] Las Siete Partidas, P. I. Tit. vi. I. 58; P.VII. Tit. xxiv. I. 7;
Tit. XXV. II. 2-7.--El Fuero real, Lib. IV. Tit. i. II. 1, 2.
[205] Coll. Doat, XXX. 132 sqq.--Archbishop Rodrigo's letter is dated
1315. This I presume to be an error of a copyist, probably misled by the
use of the Spanish era in which 1355 is equivalent to 1317.
[206] Ripoll II. 421, 433.--Monteiro, P. I. Liv. ii. c. 35,
36.--Ordenanzas Reales, Lib. VIII. Tit. iv. I. 4.
[207] Monteiro, P. I. Liv. ii. c. 30.--Rodrigo, II. 11, 14-15.--Paramo,
p. 136.--Raynald. ann. 1453, No. 19.--Alphons. de Spina Fortalic. Fidei
Prolog, fol. 56_b_ (Ed. 1494).
[208] Alphons. de Castro adv. Hæreses Lib. III. s.v.
_Confessio_.--Illescas, Historia Pontifical, Lib. VI. c. 18.--Aguirre
Concil. Hispan. V. 351-8.--D'Argentré, I. II. 298-302.
[209] Herculano, I. 40.--Monteiro. P. I. Liv. ii. c. 34.--Pelayo,
Heterodoxos Españoles, I. 782-3.
[210] Llorente, Ch. III. Art. ii. No. 24.--Monteiro, P. I. Liv. ii. c.
35, 37, 38, 39.--Wadding, ann. 1394, No. 4; 1413, No. 4.--Ripoll II.
389.
[211] Herculano, Da Origem, etc., da Inquisição, I. 163-5.
[212] Cæsar. Heisterbacens. Dial. Mirac. Dist. V. c. 25.--Muratori
Antiq. Ital. Diss. LX. (T. XII. p. 447).
[213] D'Argentré, Coll. Judic. de novis Error. I. i. 86.--Reinerii Summa
(Martene Thesaur. V. 1767).
[214] Matt. Paris. ann. 1236, p. 293; ann. 1243, pp. 412-13 (Ed.
1644)--Trithem. Chron. Hirsaug. ann. 1230.--Innoc. PP. III. Regest. XV.
189.--Hist. Diplom. Frid. II. T. IV. p. 881.
[215] Montet, Hist. litt. des Vaudois du Piémont, pp. 40-1.--Innoc. PP.
III. Regest. IX. 18, 19, 204; XII. 17; XIII. 63.--Kaltner, Konrad v.
Marburg, pp. 42, 44.--Annal. Marbacens. ann. 1231 (Urstisii Germ. Hist.
Scriptt. II. 90).
[216] Böhmer, Regest, Imp. V. 110.--Comba, La Riforma in Italia, I.
254-57.--Ejusd. Histoire des Vaudois d'Italie, I. 124 sqq.,
140.--Charvaz, Origine dei Valdesi, App. No. XXII.
Giuseppe Manuel di S. Giovanni (Un' Episodia della Storia del Piemonte,
Torino, 1874, pp. 15-21) argues that the letter of Otho IV. is only the
draft of one which the bishop desired to procure, but the question is
merely of archæological interest, for in either case it was equally
ineffective.
[217] Rescript. Heres. Lombard. (Preger, Beiträge, München, 1875, pp.
56-63).--Reinerii Summa (Martene Thesaur. V. 1775).
[218] Campi, Dell' Historia Ecclesiastica di Piacenza, P. II.. pp. 92
sqq.--Innoc. PP. III. Regest. IX. 131, 166-9; X. 54, 64, 222.--Tocco,
L'Heresia nel Medio Evo, pp. 364, 366 (Firenze, 1884).--Cf.
Pseudo-Joachim de septem temporibus Ecclesiæ P. V.
[219] Epistt. Sæcul. XIII. T. I. No. 451 (Mon. Hist. Germ.).--Potthast
No. 7672.
[220] Epistt. Sæc. XIII. T. I. No. 264-66, 275, 295 (Mon. Hist.
Germ.).--Havet, Bibl. de l'École des Chartes, 1880, p. 602.
[221] Epistt. Sæc. XIII. T. I. No. 355.
[222] Raynald. Annal. ann. 1231, No. 13-18.--Constit. Sicular. Lilt. I.
Tit. i.--Rich. S. Germ. Chron. (Muratori, S. R. I. VII. 1026).--Vit.
Gregor. PP. IX. (Ib. III. 578).--Hist. Diplom. Frid. II. T. IV. pp.
299-300, 409-11.--Verri, Storia di Milano, I. 242.--Bern. Corio, Hist.
Milanese, ann. 1228.
[223] Ripoll. 41.
[224] Epistt. Sæc. XIII. T. I. No. 559.--Raynald. ann. 1233, No.
40.--Ripoll I. 69, 71.
Probably about this period may have occurred the incident related of
Moneta, the disciple of St. Dominic, whose efforts against the heretics
of Lombardy are said to have aroused their animosity to the point that a
noble named Peraldo hired an assassin to despatch him. Word was brought
to Moneta, who seized a crucifix and assembled a band of the faithful,
with whom he captured Peraldo and the bravo, delivered them to the
secular authorities, and they were both burned alive.--Ricchini Vit.
Monetæ, p. viii.
[225] Ripoll I. 48, 56-9.--Matt. Paris, ann. 1238, p. 320.--Chron.
Veronens. ann. 1233 (Muratori, S.R.I. VIII. 67).--Gerardi Maurisii Hist.
(Ib. pp. 37-9).--Barbarano de' Mironi, Hist. Eccles. di Vicenza, II.
79-84.
[226] Barbarano de' Mironi, op. cit. II. 90-1.
[227] Ripoll I. 60-1--Barbarano de' Mironi op. cit. II. 86, 91-2.
[228] Greg. PP. IX. Bull. _Ille humani generis_, 20 Maii, 1230 (Ripoll
I. 95. gives this in 1237, probably a reissue).--Epistt. Sæcul. XIII. T.
I. No. 693, 700, 702, 704.--Hist. Diplom. Frid. II. T. IV. P. II. pp.
907-8.--Schmidt, Cathares, I. 161.
[229] Ripoll I. 174-5.--Barbarano de' Mironi, op. cit. II. 94-6.
[230] Jac. de Voragine Legenda Aurea s. V.--Mag. Bull. Rom. I. 94.
[231] Campana, Storia di San Piero-Martire, Milano, 1741, pp. 28-39.
[232] Bern. Corio, Hist. Milanese, ann. 1233, 1242.--Verri, Storia di
Milano, I. 241-3.--Ripoll I. 65.--Annal. Mediolanens. c. xiv. (Muratori,
S.R.I. XVI. 651).--Sarpi, Discorso (Ed. Helmstad. 1763, IV. 21).
[233] Lami, Antichità Toscane, pp. 497, 500.
[234] Ripoll I. 79-80.--Raynald. ann. 1235, No. 15.--Vit. Gregor. PP.
IX. (Muratori, S.R.I. III. 581).--Lami op. cit. pp. 554, 557.
[235] Lami, op. cit. pp. 560-85.--Lami's account of these troubles,
based upon original sources, is so complete that I have followed it
without reference to other authorities. Most of the documents are still
in the Archives of Florence (Archiv. Diplom., Prov. S. Maria Novella,
ann. 1245).
The Compagnia della Fede, known subsequently as del Bigallo, was changed
in the middle of the fifteenth century, by Sant' Antonino, Prior of San
Marco, into a charitable association for the care of orphans (Villari,
Storia di Girol. Savonarola, Firenze, 1887, I. 37).
[236] Ripoll I. 192-3, 199, 205, 208-14, 231.--Berger, Registres
d'Innoc. IV. No. 5065, 5345.--Mag. Bull. Rom. I. 91.
[237] Campana, Vita di San Piero-Martire, pp. 100-1.
[238] Bern. Corio, Hist. Milanese, ann. 1252.--Gualvaneo Flamma c. 286
(Muratori, S. R. I. XI. 684).--Ripoll I. 224, 244, 389.--Campana, Vita
di San Piero Martire, pp. 118-20, 125, 128-9, 132-33.--Annal.
Mediolanens. c. 24 (Muratori, XVI. 656).--Tamburini, Storia dell'
Inquisizione, I. 492-502.--Wadding Annal. ann. 1284, No. 3.--Rodulphii
Hist. Seraph. Relig. Lib. I. fol. 126.--Raynald. Annal. ann. 1403, No.
24.
There is a Daniele da Giussano who appears as inquisitor in Lombardy in
1279 (Ripoll I. 567), and who may very probably be the same as the
accomplice in the murder.
[239] Ripoll I. 212.--Campana, op. cit. 126, 149, 151, 257, 259,
262-3.--Jac. de Vorag. Legenda Aurea s. v.--Mag. Bull. Roman. I.
94.--Wadding Annal. ann. 1291, No. 24.--Juan de Mata, Santoral de los
dos Santos, Barcelona, 1637, fol. 28.--Gualvaneo Flamma, Opusc.
(Muratori, S. R. I. XII. 1035).
Frà Tommaso's disgrace was not perpetual. We shall meet him hereafter as
inquisitor, alternately protecting and persecuting the Spiritual
Franciscans. If the accounts of the latter be true, his death in 1306
was a visitation of God for the frightful cruelties inflicted upon them
(Hist. Tribulationum, _ap_. Archiv für Litteratur-und Kirchengeschichte,
1886, p. 326).
The question of the Stigmata was always a burning one between the two
Orders. The Dominicans at first refused to accept the miracle until
forced to submit by energetic papal measures (Chron. Glassberger ann.
1237--Analecta Franciscana II. 58, Quaracchi, 1887), and when at length
they claimed the same honor for St. Catharine of Siena the Franciscans
were equally incredulous. In 1473, at Trapani, the two Orders preached
against each other on this subject with so much violence as to raise
great disorders between their respective partisans among the laity,
until the Viceroy of Sicily was obliged to interfere (La Mantia,
L'Inquisizione in Sicilia, Torino, 1886, p. 17); and, as already
mentioned, Sixtus IV., in 1475, prohibited the ascription of the
Stigmata to St. Catharine.
[240] Ripoll VIII. 113.--Chron. Parmens. ann. 1286 (Muratori, S.R.I. IX.
810).--Campana, op. cit. p. 63.--Bernardi Comens. Lucerna Inquis. s. VV.
_Bona hoereticor_. No. 6, _Crucesignati. Indulgentia._
[241] Ripoll I. 144, 168.--Campi, Dell' Hist. Eccles. di Piacenza, P.
II. pp. 208-9.
[242] Molinier, Thesis de Fratre Guillelmo Pelisso, Anicii, 1880, pp.
lix.-lx.
[243] Ripoll I. 238, 242-3; VII. 31.--Bern. Corio, Hist. Milanese, ann.
1269.
[244] Ripoll I. 254.--Campana, op. cit. p. 114.
[245] Bern. Guidon. Vit. Innocent. PP. IV. (Muratori, S.R.I. III.
592).--Wadding, ann. 1254, No. 8.--Ripoll I. 246.--Sclopis, Antica
Legislazione del Piemonte, p. 440.
[246] Ripoll I. 285.--Raynald. ann. 1255, No. 31--Campi, Dell' Hist.
Eccles. di Piacenza. P. II. pp. 212-13, 402.
[247] Ripoll I. 300, 326, 327, 399.--Potthast No. 16292.
[248] Campi, Deli' Hist. Eccles. di Piacenza, P. II. pp.
214-15.--Barbarano de Mironi, Hist. Eccles. di Vicenza, II. 99, 104.
[249] Epistt. Sæcul. XIII. T. I. No. 451.--Raynald. ann. 1231, No.
20-22.
[250] Chabaneau (Vaissette, Éd. Privat, X. 314).--Monach. Patavin.
Chron. (Muratori, S. R. I. VIII. 707-9).--Frederic II. is similarly
described by the papal scribes as a monster delighting in objectless
cruelty. See Vit. Gregor. PP. IX. (Muratori, S. R. I. III. 583-4).
[251] Epistt. Sæcul. XIII. T. I. No. 453, 741, 757-9.--Ripoll I. 59,
135, 193.--Potthast No. 12899.--Berger, Registres d'Innocent IV. No.
4095.--Raynald. Annal. ann. 1248. No. 25-6.--Harduin. Concil. VII. 362.
[252] Ripoll I. 230, 247, 249-51, 286, 391.--Mag. Bull. Rom.
1.102-4.--Pegnæ Append. Eymeric. p. 77.--Harduin. Concil. VII. 362.
[253] Raynald. ann. 1357, No. 38-9; 1258, No. 1-4; 1259, No.
1-3.--Rolandini Chron. Lib. IX.-XII. (Muratori, S. R. I. VIII.
299-352).--Monach. Patavin. Chron. (Ib. VIII. 691-705).--Nic. Smeregi
Chron. (Ib. VIII. 101).--Wadding, ann. 1258, No. 6.--Mag. Bull. Rom, I.
118.
The ferocity of the age is seen in the treatment bestowed on Ezzelin's
brother Alberico, when captured with his family. He was gagged and tied
to a tree, his wife and daughters were burned alive before his eyes, his
sons were slain and their limbs thrown in his face, and then he was
deliberately hacked in pieces.--Laurentii de Monacis Ezerinus III.
(Muratori, S. R. I. VIII. 150). Alberico was a man of culture, a
troubadour, and a patron of the _gai science_ (Vaissette, Éd. Privat, X.
313).
[254] Raynald. ann. 1259, No. 6-9.
[255] Ripoll I. 398.--Bern. Corio, Hist. Milanese, ann. 1259.
[256] Arch. de l'Inquis de Carcassonne (Doat. XXXI.).--Ripoll I. 400.
[257] Potthast No. 17984-5.--Arch. de I'Inquis. de Carc. (Doat, XXXI.
216).--Ripoll I. 402, 460, 462, 466, 469, 478.--Raynald. ann. 1260, No.
12.--Mag. Bull. Rom. I. 119.
The bull threatening the people of Bergamo with interdict for their
legislation is by Urban IV. and dated in 1264, as found in the archives
of the Inquisition of Carcassonne (Doat, XXX. 288), while Ripoll (I.
499) gives it as by Clement IV. in 1265, showing that the Bergamese were
obstinate. Bergamo had been under interdict for adhering to Frederic and
Conrad, and had only been reconciled after the death of the latter in
1255 (Ripoll I. 268).
[258] Epistt. Urbani PP. IV. (Martene Thesaur. II. 9-50, 74-9, 116-18,
220-37.)--Epistt. Clement. PP. IV. (Ibid. pp. 176, 186, 196-200, 213,
218, 241-5, 250, 260, 274).
[259] Epistt. Clem. PP. IV. (Martene Thesaur. II. 174, 319,
327).--Raynald. ann. 1266, No. 23.
[260] Ripoll I. 427, 514.--Campi, Dell' Hist. Eccles. di Piacenza, P.
II. pp. 218-31.--Philippi Bergomat. Supplem. Chron. ann. 1261.
[261] Wadding, ann. 1254, No. 7, 8, 11, 16; 1261, No. 2.--Grandjean,
Registres de Benoît XI. No. 1167.--Ripoll II. 87.
[262] Wadding, ann. 1259, No. 3.--Barbarano de' Mironi, Hist. Eccles.
di Vicenza, II. 95, 105, 108, 113, 121.
[263] Annal. Mediolanens. cap. 31 (Muratori, S. R. I. XVI.
662).--Muratori Antiq. Ital. XII. 513.--Wadding, ann. 1277, No. 10, 11;
1278, No. 33; 1289, No. 18.
[264] Grandjean, Registres de Benoit XI. No. 508.
[265] Paramo, p. 264.--Verri, Storia di Milano, I. 244.--Ripoll I.
567.--Raynald. ann. 1278, No. 78.--In Doat, XXXII. 160, is the letter to
the authorities of Bergamo, which Bremond (Ripoll ubi sup.) says is not
to be found.
[266] Memor. Protestat. Regiens. ann. 1279, 1282 (Muratori, S.R.I. VIII.
1146, 1150).--Bern. Corio, Hist. Milanese, ann. 1279.--Paramo Lib. II.
Tit. ii. cap. 30, No. 13.--Pegnæ Append. ad Eymeric. p. 55--Salimbene
Chron. pp. 274, 276, 342.--Chron. Parmens. ann. 1279, 1282, 1286, 1287
(Muratori, IX. 792, 799, 809-11).--Sarpi, Discorso (Opere, IV.
21).--Concil. Mediolanens. ann. 1287, c. xi.
[267] Ripoll I. 241-2.--Wadding. ann. 1258, No. 3, 5; ann. 1278, No. 33;
ann. 1279, No. 29; Regest. Nich. PP. III. No. 11.--Mag. Bull. Rom. I.
118.--Martene Thesaur. II. 191.--Raynald. ann. 1278, No. 78.
[268] Muratori Antiq. Ital. XII. 513-14, 521-3, 537-8.--Lib. Sententt.
Inq. Tolosan. pp. 2, 3, 12, 13, 32, 68, 75, 76, 81, etc.
[269] Muratori Antiq. Ital. XII. 508-55.--Bern. Guidon. Vit. Bonif.
VIII. (S.R.I. III. 671-2).--Barbarano de' Mironi, Hist. Eccles. di
Vicenza II. 153.--Salimbene Chron. ann. 1279, p. 276.--Paramo, p. 299.
The wide attention attracted by the case of Armanno is shown by the
allusion to it in the German chronicles.--Trithem Chron. Hirsaug. ann.
1299.--Chron. Cornel. Zanfliet (Martene Ampl. Coll. V. 142-3).
[270] Introductio ad Zanchini Tract. de Hæres, ed. Campegii, Romæ, 1568.
(I owe a copy of this document to the kindness of Prof. Felice Tocco, of
Florence.)
[271] Cod. Epist. Rodulphi I. Lipsiæ, 1807, pp. 266-9.--Wadding. ann.
1289, No. 20.--Lami, Antichità Toscane, pp. 497, 536-7.
[272] Faucon, Registres de Boniface VIII. No. 1673, p. 632.--Wadding.
ann. 1298, No. 3.--Arch. de l'Inq. de Carc. (Doat, XXVI. 147).
[273] Wadding. ann. 1285, No. 9, 10.
[274] Tocco, L'Eresia nel Medio Evo, p. 403.--Renerii Summa (Martene
Thesaur. V. 1767).--Ripoll I. 74.
[275] Raynald. ann. 1231, No. 19.--Rich. de S. German. Chron. ann.
1233.--Giannone, Ist. Civ. di Napoli, Lib. XVII. c. 6, Lib. XIX. c.
5.--Vaissette, IV. 17.
[276] Archivio di Napoli, MSS. Chioccarello T. VIII.--Ib. Regist. 3
Lett. A, fol. 64; Reg. 4 Lett. B, fol. 47; Reg. 5 Lett. C, fol. 224;
Reg. 6 Lett. D, fol. 35, 39, 174; Reg. 10 Lett. B. fol. 6, 7, 96; Reg.
11 Lett. C, fol. 40; Reg. 13 Lett. A, fol. 212; Reg. 113 Lett. A, fol.
385; Reg. 154 Lett. C, fol. 81; Reg. 167 Lett. A, fol. 324.
[277] Archivio di Napoli, Reg. 6 Lett. D, fol. 135; Reg. 253 Lett. A,
fol. 68.--Giannone, Ist. Civ. di Napoli Lib. XIX. c. 5.
[278] Archivio di Napoli, Regist. 3 Lett. A, fol. 64; Regist. 4 Lett. B,
fol. 47; Reg. 9 Lett. C, fol. 39.--MSS. Chioccarello, T. VIII.
[279] Lombard, Jean Louis Paschal et les Martyrs de Calabre, Geneve,
1881, pp. 22-32.--Filippo de Boni, L'Inquisizione e i Calabro-Valdesi,
Milano, 1864, pp. 73-77.--Perrin, Hist. des Vaudois, Liv. II. ch.
7.--Comba, Hist. des Vaudois d'Italie, I. 128, 181-6, 190.--Rorengo,
Memorie Historiche, Torino, 1649, pp. 77 sqq.--Martini Append. ad
Mosheim de Beghardis, p. 638.
Vegezzi-Ruscalla (Rivista Contemporanea, 1862) has shown the identity of
the dialects of the Calabrian Guardia and of the Val d'Angrogna, proving
the reality of the emigration.
[280] Salimbene, p. 330.--Grandjean, Registries de Benoît XI. No.
834-5.--Pelayo Heterodoxos Españoles, I. 730.--La Mantia, Origine e
Vicende dell' Inquisizione in Sicilia, Torino, 1886, p. 12.
[281] Sarpi, Discorso (Opere, Ed. Helmstadt, IV. 20).
[282] Archivio Generale di Venezia, Codice ex Brera, No. 277, Carte 5.
[283] Ripoll VII. 25.--Arch. di Venez. Miscellanea, Codice No. 133, p.
121; Cod. ex Brera, No. 277, Carte 5.
[284] Albizio, Risposta al P. Paolo Sarpi, pp. 20-3.--Wadding ann. 1288.
No. 23.
[285] Albizio, op. cit. pp. 24-7.--Wadding. ann. 1289, No. 15.--Sarpi.
op. cit. p. 21.--Arch. di Venez. Codice ex Brera, No. 277, Carte 41;
Maggior Consiglio, Carte 67.
[286] Wadding. ann. 1292, No. 5.--Albanese, L'Inquisizione nella
Repubblica di Venezia, 1875, pp. 52-3.--Sarpi, loc. cit.--Cecchetti, La
Repubblica di Venezia e la Corte di Roma, Venezia, 1874, I. 18.
[287] Wadding. ann. 1340, No. 10; ann. 1369, No. 4; ann. 1373, No. 7;
Regest. Gregor. PP. XI. No. 45-7; Tom. VII. p. 481.--Raynald. ann. 1372,
No. 35.
[288] Archivio Storico Italiano, 1865, No. 39, pp. 46-61.
[289] Archivio Storico Italiano, 1865, No. 39, pp. 33-5.
[290] Archivio Storico Italiano, 1865, No. 39, pp. 4-45.--G. Manuel di
S. Giovanni, Un Episodio della Storia del Piemonte, Torino, 1874, pp. 75
sqq.
[291] Raynald. ann. 1403, No. 24.--Archiv. Stor. Ital. 1865, No. 38, p.
22.--Comba, Les Vaudois d'Italie, I. 120.
[292] Processus contra Valdenses (Archivio Storico Italiano, 1865, No.
38, pp. 39-40).--Comba, Hist. des Vaudois d'Italie, I. 354-7.
[293] Comba, Hist. des Vaudois d'Italie, I. 141.--Herzog, Die
romanischen Waldenser, p. 273.--Wadding. ann. 1332, No. 6.
[294] Rorengo, Memorie Historiche, Torino, 1649, p. 17.--Wadding. ann.
1364, No. 14, 15.--Cantù, Eretici, I. 86.--D'Argentré, Collect. Judic.
I. I. 387.--Comba, Rivista Cristiana, 1887, pp. 65 sqq.
[295] Raynald. ann. 1375, No. 26.--Filippo de Boni, L'Inquiz. e i
Calabro-Valdesi, p. 70.
[296] Processus contra Valdenses (Archivio Storico Italiano, 1865, No.
38, pp. 18-52).
There is some confusion as to the dates of these events which I cannot
remove. Gregory XI., in his letter of April 20, 1375, to Amadeo VI.,
speaks of the recent murder at "Bricherasio" of the inquisitor
Antonius Salvianensis (Raynald. ann. 1375, No. 26). According to the
records of Antonio Secco, Antonio Pavo da Savigliano received in 1384
the abjuration of Lorenzo Bandoria (loc. cit. p. 23), and his murder
must have taken place the same year, from the evidence of the son of one
of his murderers, Giov. Gabriele of "Bricherasio" (Ib. p. 31). Rorengo
places the martyrdom of Antonio Pavo in 1374, and tells us that he was
honored in Savigliano with a local cult as one of the blessed. Another
Dominican, Frà Bartolomeo di Cervere was also slain, and his assistant
Ricardo desperately wounded, but the date is not certain (Rorengo,
Memorie Historiche, p. 17).
[297] Chabrand, Vaudois et Protestants des Alpes, Grenoble, 1886, p. 39.
[298] Raynald. ann. 1403, No. 24.--Melgares Marin, Procedimientos de la
Inquisicion, Madrid, 1886, I. 50.
[299] Rorengo, Memorie Historiche, pp. 18-20.--E. Comba, Rivista
Cristiana, Giugno, 1882, p. 204.--Ripoll III. 359.
[300] Hahn, Geschichte der Ketzer im Mittalalter, II. 705.--Rorengo,
Memorie Historiche, pp. 22-5.--Martene Ampl. Coll. II. 1510-11.--Leger,
Hist. des Églises Vaudoises, II. 8-15, 26, 71.--Perrin, Hist. des
Vaudois, L. II. c. 4.--Filippo de Boni, op. cit. p. 71.--Comba, Les
Vaudois d'Italie, I. 167, 175-8.--Herzog, Die roman. Waldenser, p.
274.--Montet, Hist. Litt. des Vaudois, pp. 152-55.--D'Argentré, Coll.
Judic. I. I. 105-7.
[301] Filippo de Boni, op. cit. pp. 79-81.--Lombard, Jean-Louis
Paschale, pp. 29-33.--Perrin, Hist. des Vaudois, B. II. ch. 7,
10.--Comba, La Reforma, I. 269.--Vegezzi-Ruscalla, Rivista
Contemporanea, 1862.--Camerarii Hist. Frat. Orthodox. p. 120.
[302] Bremond in Ripoll II. 139.--Raynald. ann. 1344, No. 9,
70.--Antiqua Ducum Mediolani Decreta, Mediolani, 1654.--Albanese,
L'Inquisizione religiosa nella Repubblica di Venezia, Venezia, 1875, p.
167.--Giuseppe Cosentino, Archivio Storico Siciliano. 1885, p. 92.
[303] Ripoll II. 351; III. 368.--Wadding. ann. 1452, No. 14.--Raynald.
ann. 1457, No. 90: ann. 1459, No. 31.
[304] Wadding. ann. 1447, No. 8, 47; ann. 1450, No. 2.--Raynald. ann.
1446. No. 8.
[305] Ripoll IV. 6, 102, 103, 158, 339.--Brev. Hist. Magist. Ord.
Prædic. (Martene Coll. Ampl. VI. 393).
[306] Wadding, ann. 1356, No. 12-19.--Arch. di. Venez. Misti, Conc. X.
Vol. VI. p. 26.
[307] Wadding. ann. 1373, No. 15-16; ann. 1376, No. 4-5; ann. 1433, No.
15; ann. 1434, No. 4, 6; ann. 1437, No. 24-8; ann. 1456, No.
108.--Archiv. di Venez. Misti, Cons. X. No. 9, pp. 84, 85.--Cecchetti,
La Repubblica di Venezia, etc. I. 18.
[308] Archiv. di Venez. Misti, Cons. X. Vol. XIII. p. 192; Vol. XIX. p.
29.--Wadding. ann. 1455, No. 97.--Mag. Bull. Rom. I. 617.--Albizio,
Riposto al P. Paolo Sarpi, pp. 64-70.
[309] Wadding. ann. 1494, No. 6.--When Frà Bernardo endeavored to
establish a _mont de piété_ at Florence the moneyed interests were
strong enough to drive him from the city (Burlamacchi, Vita di
Savonarola, Baluz. et Mansi I. 557).
[310] Prediche di Frà Giordano da Rivalto, Firenze, 1831, I.
172.--Wadding. ann. 1340, No. 11.--Archivio di Firenze, Riformagioni,
Diplomatico, 27; Classe V. No. 129, fol. 46, 54.
[311] Wadding. T. III. App. p. 3--Ughelli, Italia Sacra, Ed. 1659, II.
1075.--Archiv. di Firenze, Riformag. Classe V. No. 129, fol. 55.
[312] Archiv. di Firenze, Riformag. Atti Pubblici, Lib. XVI. de'
Capitolari, fol. 15.--Villani Chron. XI. 138; XII. 55, 58.
[313] Archiv. delle Riformag. Atti Pubblici, Lib. XVI. de' Capitolari,
fol. 22; Classe V. No. 129, fol. 62 sqq.--Archiv. Diplomatico XXXVII.,
XXXVIII., XL., XLI., XLII.--Villani, XII. 58.
The amount involved was not small. The revenue of Florence at this
period was only three hundred thousand florins (Sismondi, Rep. Ital. ch.
36), and Florence was one of the richest states in Europe. Villani (XI.
92) boasts that France alone enjoyed a larger revenue; that of Naples
was less, and the three were the wealthiest in Christendom.
[314] Archiv. delle Riformag. Classe IX., Distinzione i. No. 39; Classe
V. No. 129, fol. 62 sqq.; Prov. del Convento di S. Croce, 23 Ott.
1354.--Villani, XII. 58.--Ughelli VII. 1015.
[315] Archiv. delle Riformag. Classe II. Distinz. I. No. 14.--Archiv.
Diplom. LXXVIII.-IX., LXXX.-I.; Prov. del Convento di S. Croce, 1371
Febb. 18, Ott. 8, 14; 1372, Marz. 15; 1375, Marz. 9; 1380, Genn. 12;
1380, Dic. 1; 1381, Nov. 18; 1383, Lugl. 12; 1384, Dic. 13.--Werunsky
Excerptt. ex Registt. Clement. VI. et Innoc. VI. p. 95.--Villani, XII.
58.--Wadding. ann. 1372, No. 35; ann. 1375, No. 32.--Raynald. ann. 1375,
No. 13-17; ann. 1376, No. 1-5.--Poggii Hist. Florentin. Lib. II. ann.
1376.--A document of 1374 (Archiv. Fior. Prov. S. Croce, 1374, Nov. 17)
allows that Frà Piero di Ser Lippo, at that time Inquisitor of Florence,
was defendant in an action brought against him in the papal curia by the
Dominican Frà Simone del Pozzo, Inquisitor of Naples, in which Frà Piero
seems to have obtained what was equivalent to a nonsuit.
[316] Wadding. ann. 1377, No. 4-23.
[317] Tamburini, Storia Gen. dell' Inquisizione, II. 433-6.--Raynald.
ann. 1418, No. 11.--Archiv. di Firenze, Prov. S. Maria Novella, 1424,
Ap. 24.--Wadding. ann. 1437, No. 33; ann. 1438, No. 26; ann. 1439, No.
57; ann. 1440, No. 26; ann. 1441, No. 61; ann. 1452, No. 30; ann. 1471,
No. 11; ann. 1496, No. 7.--Ripoll VII. 89, 100.
Frà Gabriele, the Inquisitor of Bologna, in the same year, 1461, in
which he was sent to Rome, expended twenty-three lire ten sol. in having
a copy made of Eymerich's _Directorium Inquisitionis_.--Denifle, Archiv
für Litteratur-etc. 1885, p. 144.
[318] Paramo de Orig. Office S. Inq. p. 113.
[319] MSS. Chioccarello, T. VIII.--Raynald. ann. 1344, No. 9; ann. 1368,
No. 16; ann. 1372, No. 36; ann. 1375, No. 26.--Tocco. Archivio Storico
Napolitan. Ann. XII. (1887), Fasc. 1.--Ripoll II. 311, 324,
364.--Guiseppe Cosentino, Archivio Storico Siciliano, 1885, pp. 74-5,
87.--La Mantia, Dell' Inquisizione in Sicilia, Torino, 1886, pp. 13-15.
[320] Wadding. T. III. Regesta, p. 392.--Ripoll II. 689.
When, in 1447, Nicholas V. issued a cruel edict subjecting the Jews to
severe disabilities and humiliations, Capistrano was likewise appointed
conservator to enforce its provisions (Wadding. ann. 1447, No. 10).
[321] Giannone, Ist. Civ. di Napoli, Lib. XXXII. c. 5.--Wadding. ann.
1449, No. 13.--Ripoll III. 240, 441, 501.
[322] Paramo, pp. 197-99.--Ripoll III. 510.--La Mantia, L'Inquisizione
in Sicilia, pp. 16-18.
Giuseppe Cosentino says (Archivio Storico Siciliano, 1885, p. 73) that
the confirmation in 1451 by King Alonso of the diploma of Frederic II.
is not to be found in the archives of Palermo, but that the royal
letters of 1415 allude to a privilege granted by Frederic. See also La
Mantia, pp. 8-10, 13, 15.
[323] Pirro, Sicilia Sacra, I. 185-6.--G. Cosentino, loc. cit. p.
76.--Caruso, Memorie Istoriche di Sicilia, P. II. T. i. p.
92.--Giannone, op. cit. Lib. XXXII. c. 5.--Paramo, pp. 191-4.--Zurita,
Hist. del Rey Hernando, Lib. V. c. 70; Lib. IX. c. 36.--Mariana, Hist.
de España, Lib. XXX. c. 1.
[324] Schmidt, Histoire des Cathares, I. 104-9.--Gregor. PP. VII.
Regist. VII. 11.--Batthyani Legg. Eccles. Hung. II. 274, 289-90,
415-17.--Raynald. ann. 1203, No. 22.--Innocent. PP. III. Regest. II.
176.
[325] Innoc. PP. III. Regest. II. 176; III. 3; V. 103, 110; VI. 140,
141, 142, 212.
[326] Schmidt, I. 112-13.
[327] Potthast No. 6612, 6725, 6802.--Raynald. ann. 1225, No.
21.--Klaic, Geschichte Bosniens, nach dem Kroatischen von Ivan v.
Bojnicic, Leipzig, 1885, pp. 89-91.
[328] Monteiro, Historia da Sacra Inquisição P. I. Liv. 1, c.
59.--Paramo, p. 111.--Raynald. ann. 1257, No. 13.--Hist. Ord. Prædic. c.
8. (Martene Ampl. Coll. VI. 338).--Ripoll I. 70.--Klaic, pp. 92-4.
[329] Epist. Sæc. XIII. T. I. No. 574, 601.--Ripoll I. 70.--Potthast No.
9726, 9733-8, 10019, 10052.--Klaic, p. 96.--Batthyani Legg. Eccles.
Hung. I. 355.--Matt. Paris ann. 1243 (Ed. 1644, pp. 412-13).
[330] Bishop John succeeded in resigning his bishopric, and became Grand
Master of his Order. A contemporary, who knew him personally, describes
him as a man of apostolic virtue, who distributed in alms the revenue of
his see, amounting to 8000 marks, and performed his journeys on foot,
with an ass to carry his books and vestments. After his death at
Strassburg he shone in miracles.--Thomæ Cantimprat. Bonum universale
Lib. II. c. 56.
[331] Potthast No. 10223-6, 10507, 10535, 10631-9, 10688-93, 10822-4,
10842.--Ripoll I. 102-4, 106-7.--Schmidt, I. 122.--Klaic, pp. 97-107.
[332] Ripoll I. 175-6.--Klaic, pp. 107-13.--Kukuljevic, Jura Regni
Croatiæ, Dalmatiæ et Slavoniæ, Zagrabiæ, 1862, I. 67.
[333] Rainerii Summa (Martene Thesaur. V. 1768).--Klaic, p.
153.--Theiner Monumenta Slavor. Meridional. I. 90.
[334] Raynald. ann. 1280, No. 8, 9; ann. 1291, No. 42-44.--Klaic, pp.
116-9.--Wadding. ann. 1291, No. 12.
[335] Wadding. ann. 1298, No. 2.--Klaic, pp. 123-4.--Raynald. ann. 1319,
No. 24.
[336] Klaic, pp. 124-5, 139-40, 154-6.--Theiner Monument. Slavor. Merid.
I. 157, 234.--Raynald. ann. 1325, No. 28; ann. 1327, No. 48.--Wadding.
ann. 1325, No. 1-4; ann. 1326, No. 3-7; ann. 1329, No. 16; ann. 1330,
No. 10.
[337] Archivio di Venezia, Fontanini MSS. III. 560.
[338] Theiner Monument. Slavor. Merid. I. 174, 175--Wadding. ann. 1331,
No. 4; ann. 1337, No. 1.--Raynald. ann. 1335, No. 62.--Klaic, pp. 157-8.
[339] Klaic, pp. 159-61, 181-3.--Wadding. ann. 1340, No. 6-10.--Theiner,
op. cit.
[340] Klaic, pp. 184-5, 187-8, 190-5, 200-1, 223, 262, 268-77, 287,
369.--Theiner Monument. Slavor. Merid. I. 233, 240.--Wadding. ann. 1356,
No. 7; ann. 1368, No. 1-3; ann. 1369, No. 11; ann. 1372, No. 31-33; ann.
1373, No. 17; ann. 1382, No. 2.--Raynald. ann. 1368, No. 18; ann. 1372,
No. 32.--Pet. Ranzani Epit. Rer. Hung. XIX. (Schwandtner Rer. Hung.
Scriptt, p. 377).
In 1367 we find the people of Cattaro appealing to Urban V. for aid
against the schismatics of Albania, and the heretics of Bosnia who were
endeavoring to convert them by force (Theiner, op. cit. I. 259), which
probably refers to some enterprise of the restless Sandalj Hranic. Yet
when, in 1383, we hear of a Bishop of Bosnia, recently dead, who had
lent 12,000 florins to Louis of Hungary, and had then bequeathed the
debt to the Holy See (Ib. p. 337), we can only conclude that the
orthodox Bosnian Church continued to exist and was not wholly penniless.
[341] Klaic, pp. 275, 287-8, 291, 297-8, 304-5, 312-13, 324.
[342] Klaic, p. 416.
[343] Ibid. pp. 335-8, 344-6, 351-3.
[344] Wadding, ann. 1433, No. 12-13; ann. 1435, No. 1-7, 9; ann. 1476,
No. 39-40; ann. 1498. No. 2.--Ægid. Carlerii Lib. de Legationibus
(Monument. Concil. General. Sæc. XV. T. I. p. 676).
[345] Theiner Monument. Slavor. Merid. I. 375, 376.--Klaic, pp. 354-6,
364-5, 369.
[346] Klaic, pp. 366-7, 369-70, 372-3.--Wadding, ann. 1437, No. 2-3;
ann. 1444, No. 42-3.--Ripoll III. 91.--Raynald. ann. 1444, No. 2; ann.
1445, No. 23: ann. 1447, No. 21.--Theiner, op. cit. I. 388, 389, 395.
[347] Klaic, pp. 373-4.--Raynald. ann. 1449, No. 9.
[348] Klaic, pp. 376-77, 379.--Raynald. ann. 1449, No. 9; ann. 1450, No.
13; ann. 1461, No. 136.--Wadding. ann. 1451, No. 47, 52-3.--Ripoll III.
286.
[349] Theiner, op. cit. I. 408.--Klaic, pp. 380-2.
[350] Klaic, pp. 398, 408-9, 412, 414-15.--Theiner, I. 432.
[351] Klaic, pp. 424-6.
[352] Klaic, pp. 427-8, 432-6.--Wadding. ann. 1462, No. 82.
[353] Klaic, pp. 437-9, 443.--Wadding. ann. 1478, No. 67; ann. 1498, No.
2-3; ann. 1500, No. 44.
There was at least one humorous incident connected with the conquest of
Bosnia. On the occupation by the Turks of the capital, Jaicza, the
Franciscans fled to Venice, carrying with them the body of St. Luke,
which had been translated thither from Constantinople. The possession of
so important a relic brought them great consideration, but involved them
in a troublesome contest. For three hundred years the Benedictine house
of St. Justina at Padua had rejoiced in owning the body of St. Luke,
which was the source of much profit. The Benedictines objected to the
intrusion of the döppelganger; and as no trustworthy tradition assigned
two bodies to the saint, there was no chance of compromise. They
appealed to Pius II., who referred the case with full powers of decision
to his legate at Venice, Cardinal Bessarion. A trial in all legal form
was held, lasting for three months and resulting in the victory of the
Franciscans. The Paduan Luke, as an impostor, was forbidden to enjoy in
future the devotion of the faithful, but no provision was made to
compensate those who for three centuries had wasted on him their prayers
and offerings, in the belief that they were securing the suffrages of
the genuine Evangelist. The Paduans for years vainly endeavored to get
Bessarion's decision set aside, and they were finally obliged to submit.
Their strongest argument was that, about the year 580, the Emperor
Tiberius II. had given to St. Gregory, then apocrisarius of Pelagius II.
in Constantinople, the head of St. Luke, which was still exhibited and
venerated in the Basilica of the Vatican. Now the Benedictine St. Luke
was a headless trunk, while the Franciscan one was perfect, and they
argued with reason that it was highly improbable that St. Luke had
possessed two heads. This logic was more cogent than successful, though
the Vatican clergy did not feel called upon to discredit their own
valuable relic, which they continued to exhibit as genuine. The question
was still further complicated by a superfluous arm of the Evangelist
which was preserved in the Basilica of S. Maria ad Præsepe (Wadding.
ann. 1463, No. 13-23).
[354] Kaltner, Konrad von Marburg, Prag, 1882, pp. 41-5.--Frag. Hist.
(Urstisii Scriptt. P. II. p. 89).--Chronik des Jacob v. Königshofen
(Chroniken der deutchen Städte, IX. 649).--Trithem. Chron. Hirsaug. ann.
1215.--H. Mutii Chron. Lib. XIX. ann. 1212.--Innoc. PP. III. Regest.
XIV. 138.--Cæsar. Heisterb. Dist. III. cap. 16, 17.
On the authority of Daniel Specklin, a Strassburg annalist who died in
1589, Bishop Henry is said to have met St. Dominic in Rome, to have
promised him and Innocent III. to introduce the Dominican Order in
Strassburg, and to have taken some members home with him, who speedily
multiplied to about a hundred, and distinguished themselves by the
persecution related in the text (Kaltner, loc. cit.; cf. Hoffman.
Geschichte der Inquisition II. 365-71). At this period, as we have seen
in a former chapter, Dominic was laboring obscurely in Languedoc, and it
was not until 1214 that the liberality of Pierre Cella suggested to him
the idea of assembling around him in Toulouse half a dozen kindred
spirits. It was not until 1224 that the Dominican convent in Strassburg
was founded (Kaltner, p. 45).
[355] Kaltner, p. 45.--Hoffmann, II. 371-2.--Trithem. Chron. Hirsaug.
ann. 1215.
[356] Innoc. PP. III. Regest. II. 141, 142, 235.--Alberic. Trium Font.
ann. 1200.--Cæsar. Heisterb. Dist. V. c. 20.
[357] Kaltner, op. cit. pp. 69-71.--I am rather inclined to believe that
honest Daniel Specklin has drawn to some extent upon his own convictions
for this list of errors. Among them he enumerates lay communion in both
elements. As the cup at this time had not been withdrawn from the laity,
its administration would not have been characterized as a heresy.
[358] Tocco, L'Heresia nel Medio Evo, p. 21.--D'Argentré, Collect.
Judic. I. I. 127.--Cæsar. Heisterbac. v. 22.--Nich. Trivetti Chron. ann.
1215 (D'Achery Spicileg. III. 185.)--Rigord. de Gest. Phil. Aug. ann.
1210.--Guillel. Nangiac. ann. 1210.--Eymeric. Direct. Inquis. P. II. Q.
vii.--Cf. Renan, Averroès et l'Averroïsme, 3d Ed. pp. 220-4.
[359] Cæsar. Heisterb. VI. 5.
[360] Rigordus de Gest. Phil. Aug. ann. 1210.--Chron. Canon Laudunens.
ann. 1212.--Chron. de Mailros ann. 1210.--Chron. Turonens. ann.
1210.--Cæsar. Heisterb. V. 22.--Chron. Breve S. Dionys. ann.
1209.--Grandes Chroniques, IV. 139.--Guillel. Brito (Bouquet XVII. 82
sqq.).--D'Argentré, Coll. Judic. I. I. 128-33.--Harduin. Concil. VI. II.
1994.--Chron. Engelbusii (Leibnitz, S. Rer. Brunsv. II. 1113).
William the goldsmith, under the title of Gulielmus Aurifex, retains his
place in the Index Librorum Prohibitorum to the present day (Migne,
Dictionnaire des Hérésies, II. 1056). Cf. Reusch, Der Index der
verbotenen Bücher. I. 17.
[361] Steph. de Borbone (D'Argentré I. I. 88).--Potthast No.
7348.--Pelayo, Heterodoxos Españoles, I. 410,--Concil. Lateran. IV. c.
2.
For the connection between the speculations of Erigena and those of
Amauri see Poole's "Illustrations of the History of Medieval Thought,"
London, 1884, p. 77.
[362] Anon. Passaviens. c. 6 (Mag. Bib. Pat. XIII. 300-2).--Kaltner, pp.
64-5.--Haupt, Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte, 1885, p. 507.
[363] Kaltner, pp. 90-5.--Hartzheim Concil. German. III.
515-16.--Potthast No. 7260.--Chron. Mont. Sereni ann. 1222 (Menken.
Scriptt. Rer. Germ. II. 265).--Chron. Sanpetrin. Erfurt, ann. 1222 (Ib.
III. 250).
[364] Conrad of Marburg was too shining a light not to be earnestly and
persistently claimed by the Dominicans as an ornament of their Order.
Their legend relates that he was miraculously drawn into it in 1220 by
St. Dominic himself, who earnestly desired him as a colleague, and who
promptly sent him to Germany with a commission as inquisitor (Monteiro,
Historia da Sacra Inquisição, P. I. Liv. i. c. 48.--Jac. de Voragine
Legend. Aur. fol. 90_a_, Ed. 1480.--Paramo, pp. 248-9), and Ripoll
assumes it as a matter of course, though he failed to furnish us with
the promised dissertation to prove it (Bull. Domin. I. 20, 52). See also
Kaltner, pp. 76-82. The claim is based upon his inquisitorial activity,
his voluntary poverty, and the title of _prædicator_, which he bore in
virtue of a papal commission--arguments flimsy enough, but better than
that of his latest champion, Hausrath, who cites an expression in a
letter of Gregory IX. characterizing Conrad as the watch-dog of the
Lord--"_Dominicus canis_" (Hoffman, Geschichte d. Inq,. II. 392). Of
course a negative, such as the present, can only be proved by negatives,
but these are sufficient. In numerous letters to him from Honorius III.
and Gregory IX. he is never addressed as "_Frater_," the term
invariably used by the Mendicants. The superscription always is
"_Magistro Conrado de Marburo prædicatori Verbi Dei_, or the
equivalent--Conrad being presumably a master in theology (Epistt. Sæc.
XIII. T. I. No. 51, 117, 118, 126, 361, 362, 484, 533, 537). Similarly
in the chronicles of the time he is never spoken of as "_Frater_," but
always as "_Magister Conradus_." Besides, Theodoric of Thuringia,
himself a Dominican, and almost a contemporary, in his life of St.
Elizabeth describes Conrad in the moat exalted terms, without claiming
him for his Order, which he could not have avoided doing had there been
ground for it (Canisii Thesaur. IV. 116).
[365] Theod. Thuring, de S. Eliz. Lib. III. c. 10 (Canisii Thesaur. IV.
130).--Potthast No. 7930.--Epistt. Sæc. XIII. T. I. No. 361.
[366] Kaltner, pp. 96, 121.--De Dictis IV. Ancillarum (Menken. Scriptt.
Rer. Germ. II. 2017, 2023, 2029)--Theodor. Vit. S. Eliz. (Ib.
2000-1).--Jundt, Les Amis de Dieu, p. 95
[367] Trithem. Chron. Hirsaug. ann. 1214.--Chron. Sanpetrin. Erfurtens.
(Menken. III. 242).--Kaltner, pp. 86-7.--Epistt. Sæcul. XIII. T. I. No.
117, 118, 126, 362.
[368] Hartzheim III. 521. Cf. Concil. Frizlar. ann. 1246, ib. p.
574.--Ripoll I. 21.
[369] Vit. S. Eliz. (Canisii Thesaur. I. 116).--Johann Rohte, Chron.
Thuring. (Menken. II. 1715).--Kaltner, pp. 108, 130-33.--Gesta Treviror.
Episcopp. c. 172.--Trithem. Chron. Hirsaug. ann. 1230.
[370] Hartzheim III. 539, 540.--Potthast No. 8073-4.--Hist. Diplom.
Frid. II. T. III. p. 466.--Gest. Treviror. Archiepp. c. 170. 172.
[371] Kaltner, pp. 135-6, 143.--Theod. Vit. S. Eliz. VII. 1.--Vit.
rythmic. S. Eliz. (Menken. II. 2090).--Thür. Fortsetzung d. Sächs.
Weltchronik (Pertz, Scriptt. Vernac. II. 292).--Trithem. Chron. Hirsaug.
ann. 1232.--Erphurdian. Variloq. (Menken. II. 484).
[372] Kaltner. p. 134.--Hist. Diplom. Frid. II. T. IV. pp. 300-2.
[373] Annal. Wormatiens. (Hist. Diplom. Frid. II. T. IV. p.
616).--Kaltner, p. 138.--Sächsiche Weltchronik ann. 1232.--Gest.
Treviror. Archiepp. c. 170.
[374] Pauli Carnotens. Vet. Aganon. Lib. VI. c. 3.--Adhemar. Cabannens.
ann. 1022 (Bouquet, X. 159).--Gualteri Mapes de Nugis Curialium Dist. I.
c. XXX.
[375] Raynald. ann. 1233, No. 41-6.--Epistt. Sæcul. XIII. T. I. No. 533,
537.--Gest. Treviror. Archiepp. c. 171.
[376] Alberic Trium Font. ann. 1234.--Godefrid S. Pantaleon. annal. ann.
1233.
It would seem from this that Henry, Archbishop of Cologne, was
performing his functions at this period, although he had been suspended
by Gregory IX. in December, 1231, pending an investigation into his
criminal turpitude, which the pope declared to be a shame to describe
and a horror to hear. In April, 1233, Gregory tried to make him resign,
to which he responded in June by an appeal to the Holy See. The
immediate consequence of this was a papal levy on the clergy of Cologne
of three hundred sterling marks to defray expenses. In March of the next
year further provision for the expenses was requisite. In April, 1235,
we find him still under excommunication and deprived of his functions.
After this he seems to have re-established himself, and in March, 1238,
he was condemned to pay thirteen hundred sterling marks to a Roman
banker for expenses incurred many years before by his predecessor. In
May, 1239, we find his successor, Conrad von Hochstaden, in Rome as
archbishop-elect, and Gregory ordering a levy of eight thousand marks on
the province to pay the debts due there by the see (Epistt. Select.
Sæcul. XIII. T. I. No. 457, 472, 523, 529-30, 555, 579, 637, 723, 748).
This serves to illustrate the relations between the Roman curia and the
great German bishoprics, the insatiable greed of the former, and the
fruitless efforts at emancipation of the latter.
[377] Hist. Diplom. Frid. II. T. IV. pp. 285-7, 300-2.
[378] Annal. Wormatiens. (Hist. Dip. Frid. II. T. IV. pp.
616-17).--Kaltner, pp. 19, 146-8.--Epistt. Select. Sæc. XIII. No. 514.
[379] Gest. Treviror. Archiepp. c. 174.--Sächsische Weltchronik, ann.
1233 (Pertz, II. 292).--Annal. Wormatiens. (loc. cit.).--Godefrid. S.
Pantaleon. Annal. ann. 1233.
[380] Sächsische Weltchronik, loc. cit.--Gest. Treviror. loc.
cit--Alberic. Trium Font. ann. 1233.--Erphurdian. Variloq. ann.
1233.--Chron. Erfordiens. ann. 1233 (Schannat Vindem. Literar. I.
93).--Trithem. Chron. Hirsaug. ann. 1233.--Kaltner, pp. 160-1.
[381] Alberic. Trium Font. ann. 1233.--Alban Butler, Vies des Saints, 19
Novbre.
[382] Gest. Treviror. c. 174.--Hartzheim III. 549.
[383] Epistt. Select. Sæcul. XIII. T. I. No. 533, 537, 558,
560-1.--Chron. Erfordiens. ann. 1234 (Schannat Vindem. Literar. I. 94).
[384] Epistt. Select. Sæcul. XIII. T. I. No. 503, 572.--Chron.
Erfordiens. (Schannat Vindem. Literar. I. 94).--Alberic. Trium Font.
ann. 1234.--Gest. Treviror. c. 175.
[385] Alberic. Trium Font. ann. 1233.
[386] Alberic. Trium Font. ann. 1233.--Epistt. Select. Sæcul. XIII. T.
I. No. 607, 611-12, 636, 647.
There would appear not to be ground for the story told by Philippe
Mousket (Chronique Rimée, 28831-42.--Bouquet, XXII. 55) that Gregory
sent a cardinal Otho to Germany, who proceeded to degrade sundry
ecclesiastics concerned in the matter, and raised such a tempest that he
was obliged to escape by night to Tournay, and thence return to Rome.
Even if baseless, however, the very circulation of such a report shows
the antagonism excited between Rome and Germany.
[387] Kaltner, p. 173.--Annal Wormatiens. (Hist. Diplom. Frid. II. T.
IV. p. 617).
[388] Tritbem. Chron. Hirsaug. ann. 1232.--Erphurdian. Variloq. ann.
1232 (Menken. II. 484).--Chron. Sanpetrin. Erfurt. (Ib. III.
254).--Anon. Saxon. Hist. Impp. (Ib. III. 125).--Chron. Erfordiens. ann.
1232 (Schannut Vindem. Literar. I. 92).
[389] Kaltner, pp. 171, 173.--Annal. Dominican. Colmar. ann. 1233
(Urstisii Germ. Hist. II. 6).--Potthast No. 13000, 15995.--Albert.
Statdens. Chron. ann. 1248.
[390] Anon. Passaviens. contra Waldens. c. 3, 6, 9, 10 (Mag. Bib. Pat.
XIII. 299, 301-2, 308-9).--W. Preger, Beiträge, pp. 9, 49.--Ejusd. Per
Tractat des David von Augsburg.
[391] Concil. Mogunt. ann. 1261 c. 1 (Hartzheim III. 596).--Cod. Epist.
Rodolph. I. pp. 148-9, Lipsiæ, 1806.
[392] Sachsenspiegel, II. iii., III. i.--Raynald. ann. 1374, No. 12.
The papal condemnation was probably elicited by a passage in the
Sachsenspiegel (II. 3) declaring that the pope could not issue decretals
in prejudice of the local laws and constitutions. The Saxon legists were
in no wise disconcerted, and proceeded to reassert and prove their
position (Richstich Lnndrecht, II. 24).
[393] Schwabenspiegel, Ed. Senck. c. 29, 116 § 12, 351; Ed. Schilt. c.
111, 166, 308.
[394] Hist. Monast. S. Laurent. Leodiens. Lib. V. c. 54.--Mag. Chron.
Belgic. p. 193.--Mosheim de Beghardis, Lipsiae, 1790, pp. 98-100, 114.