Ll

=llama=, _f._, flame.

=llamamiento=, _m._, call.

=llamar=, to call, call upon, ring (_a door-bell_); =se llama=, his

(_or_ her) name is; =¿cómo se llama?= what is his name?; =llamar la

atención (á)=, to attract the attention (of).

=llano=, _m._, plain.

=llanto=, _m._, weeping, tears.

=llanura=, _f._, plain.

=llave=, _f._, key.

=llegada=, _f._, arrival.

=llegar=, to arrive, come, come up, succeed; =llegarse=, to come near

to.

=llegue=, =-es=, =-e=, _etc._: _see_ =llegar=.

=llenar= (=de=), to fill (with).

=lleno -a=, full, filled.

=llevar=, to carry, bear, take (away), wear, keep, spend _or_ pass

(_time_); =llevarse=, to take away, carry away; =llevar á cabo=, to

carry out, complete.

=llorar=, to weep, cry, mourn; =llorar de=, to weep with.

=lloroso -a=, tearful, sorrowful.

=llover= (=ue=), to rain; =llover á mares=, to rain in floods (_or_

buckets-full).

=lluvia=, _f._, rain, shower.

M

=maceta=, _f._, flower-pot.

=machacar=, to pound up.

=macho=, male, masculine.

=machón=, _m._, pillar (_that supports the main part of a large

structure_).

=madera=, _f._, wood, timber; =puerta de madera=, wooden door;

=maderas=, _plur._, woodwork, wooden door.

=madre=, _f._, mother.

=madreselva=, _f._, honeysuckle.

=Madrid= (_prop. noun_), Madrid (_the capital of Spain; in New Castile;

population, about 550,000_); =Madrid del Sur=, Southern Madrid.

=madriguera=, _f._, burrow.

=madrileño -a=, of Madrid, one in Madrid; =los madrileños=, the people

of Madrid.

=madrina=, _f._, god-mother, foster-mother, patroness.

=madroño=, _m._, strawberry-tree (_a tree with leaves resembling those

of the laurel, and with red flowers_).

=madrugada=, _f._, early morning, dawn; =de madrugada=, at break of day.

=madurez=, _f._, ripeness, maturity.

=mae=, _f._, _used colloquially for_ =madre=.

=maestría=, _f._, skill.

=magnate=, _m._, magnate.

=magnífico -a=, splendid, magnificent.

=mahometano -a=, Mohammedan.

=majestad=, _f._, majesty.

=majestuosamente=, majestically.

=majestuoso -a=, majestic, solemn.

=mal=, _m._, evil, trouble, illness.

=mal=: _see_ =malo=.

=mal=, badly, poorly, incorrectly.

=maldito -a= (_irreg. past part. of_ =maldecir=), cursed.

=malhechor=, =-ora=, _m. and f._, evil doer, criminal.

=malicia=, _f._, wrong, wickedness.

=malicioso -a=, suspicious, malicious.

=mal(o) -a=, bad, ill; =estar malo=, to be ill; =ponerse malo=, to

become (_or_ fall) ill.

=mamá=, _f._, mamma.

=mancha=, _f._, stain, spot.

=mandamiento=, _m._, commandment.

=mandar=, to command, order, send; =mandar á buscar=, to send for;

=mandar hacer (traer) alguna cosa=, to have something made (brought).

=mandíbula=, _f._, jaw.

=manera=, _f._, manner; =de esta manera=, in this way; =de todas

maneras=, in any case; =á (de) manera que=, so that.

=manía=, _f._, whim, mania.

=manifestar= (=ie=), to show.

=maniobra=, _f._, trick, man[oe]uvre.

=manjar=, _m._, viand.

=mano=, _f._, hand, fore-foot (_of beast_); =á mano=, at hand, present.

=manojo=, _m._, bundle, bunch.

=Manolita=, _f._ (_dim. of_ =Manuela=), Emma.

=Manresa=, _f._ (_prop. noun_), Manresa (_a station on the railway from

Madrid to Barcelona_).

=manso -a=, gentle.

=manta=, _f._, blanket.

=mantel=, _m._, cloth, table-cloth.

=mantener=, to maintain, support, hold up.

=manto=, _m._, cloak; =manto de nieve=, coat of snow.

=Manuel=, =-ela=, _m. and f._ (_prop. noun_), Emanuel, Emma.

=manzana=, _f._, apple.

=Manzanares= (_prop. noun_), Manzanares (_the river that flows through

Madrid_).

=mañana=, _f._, morning; =por la mañana=, in the morning.

=mañana=, tomorrow.

=mañanita=, _f._ (_dim. of_ =mañana=), early morning.

=máquina=, _f._, machine.

=maquinalmente=, mechanically.

=mar=, _m. or f._, sea; =llover á mares=, to rain in floods, rain

buckets-full.

=maraña=, _f._, jungle.

=maravilla=, _f._, wonder, marvel; =á las mil maravillas=, wonderfully.

=Maravillas=, _f. plur._ (_prop. noun: lit._, miracles).

=maravilloso -a=, wonderful, marvelous.

=marcar=, to mark, stamp.

=marco=, _m._, frame; =marco de la puerta=, doorway.

=marcha=, _f._, march; =ponerse en marcha=, to start; =sobre la marcha=,

on the spot.

=marchar=, to move away, go, walk; =marcharse=, to go (away).

=marchitar=, to wither, blight, mar.

=marea=, _f._, tide.

=Margot=, _f._ (_prop. noun_), Marget.

=María=, _f._, (_prop. noun_), Mary; =María del Pilar=, Mary of the

Pillar (_an appellation of the Virgin Mary_).

=marido=, _m._, husband.

=marinero=, _m._, sailor.

=mariposa=, _f._, butterfly.

=Mariquilla=, _f._ (_dim. of_ =Marica=, _which is, in turn, a dim. of_

=María=), May, Molly.

=Mariquita=, _f._, (_dim. of_ =Marica=, _which is, in turn, a dim. of_

=María=), May, Molly.

=mármol=, _m._, marble.

=marmota=, _f._, marmot (_the common European marmot is about the size

of a rabbit. The American woodchuck and prairie dog belong to the marmot

family: the marmot hibernates_).

=marqués=, =-esa=, _m. and f._, marquis, marchioness.

=martes=, _m._, Tuesday.

=Martínez= (_prop. noun_).

=mártir=, _m. and f._, martyr.

=martirio=, _m._, martyrdom; =martirios=, _plur._, martyrdom.

=marzo=, _m._, March.

=mas=, but; =mas que no sea=, even if it be not.

=más= (_comp. of_ =mucho=), more (_or_ most), other, longer; =á poco

más=, a little more and, almost; =á más y mejor=, more and more; =á más

no poder=, to the utmost; =más bien que=, rather than; =no más ... que=,

only, except; =por más que=, although; =sin más que=, without, except;

=sobre poco más ó menos=, very nearly.

=mastín=, _m._, mastiff.

=mata=, _f._, plant, bush, shrubbery.

=matar=, to kill.

=mate=, dull, lustreless; =plata mate=, frosted silver.

=materialmente=, bodily.

=materno -a=, maternal.

=matorrales=, _m. plur._, thicket.

=matrimonio=, _m._, marriage, matrimony.

=maullido=, _m._, mewing.

=mayo=, _m._, May.

=mayor= (_comp. of_ =grande=), larger, largest; older, oldest; of age,

chief; =mayores=, ancestors; =altar mayor=, high altar.

=mayorcito -a= (_dim. of_ =mayor=), somewhat older (_or_ oldest).

=mayoría=, _f._, majority; =ser de la mayoría parlamentaria=, to be a

member of the ruling party in parliament.

=mazmorra=, _f._, underground prison.

=me=, me, to me; myself.

=mecer(se)=, to stir, rock.

=mecha=, _f._, wick.

=media=, _f._, stocking.

=mediano -a=, moderate.

=mediar=, to be half gone, lie between.

=médico=, _m._, physician.

=medida=, _f._, measure; =á medida que=, in proportion as, while.

=medio=, _m._, middle, means; =por medio de=, by means of; =en medio=,

in the middle, in the midst.

=medio -a=, half a, a half; =las siete y media=, half-past seven; =media

noche=, midnight.

=medir= (=i=), to measure, size up.

=meditar=, to meditate, muse, plan; =meditar en=, to think of, plan.

=medroso -a=, timid, fearful.

=mejilla=, _f._, cheek.

=mejor= (_comp. of_ =bueno=), better, best; =¡mejor!= so much the

better; =á más y mejor=, more and more; =mejor dicho=, or rather; =en lo

mejor=, in the best part.

=melancolía=, _f._, melancholy; =melancolías=, _plur._, melancholy

thoughts.

=melancólicamente=, sadly, in a melancholy way.

=melancólico -a=, melancholy; =paseo de los Melancólicos=, Melancólicos

Boulevard, _or_ Boulevard of the Melancholy.

=melena=, _f._, hair; =melenas=, _plur._, mane.

=Melgarejo=, _m._ (_prop. noun_).

=melodioso -a=, melodious.

=mella=, _f._, nick, gap.

=memoria=, _f._, memory; =memorias=, _plur._, regards, compliments; =de

memoria=, by memory, by heart.

=mendigo -a=, _m. and f._, beggar.

=menear=, to shake.

=menester=, _m._, necessity; =es menester=, it is necessary.

=menor= (_comp. of_ =pequeño=), smaller, smallest; younger, youngest.

=menos= (_comp. of_ =poco=), less, least; =(á) lo menos=, =por lo

menos=, at least; =á menos que=, unless; =echar de menos=, to miss;

=menos de=, less than; =no podía= (_or_ =pudo=) =menos de=, he could not

help.

=menosprecio=, _m._, scorn, contempt.

=mentalmente=, mentally.

=mente=, _f._, mind.

=menudo -a=, small, minute; =á menudo=, often.

=mercado=, _m._, market.

=mercantil=, commercial.

=merced=, _f._, mercy; =su merced=, you, sir; =Nuestra Señora de las

Mercedes=, Our Lady of Mercy (_a title or attribute of the Virgin

Mary_).

=merecer=, to deserve.

=merino -a=, merino (_a variety of sheep, usually driven in flocks from

one part of Spain to another for pasturage_).

=mérito=, _m._, merit, worth.

=mes=, _m._, month.

=mesa=, _f._, table, table-land.

=mesilla=, _f._ (_dim. of_ =mesa=), little table.

=mesita=, _f._ (_dim. of_ =mesa=), little table; =mesita de escribir=,

small writing-table.

=metal=, _m._, metal.

=metálico -a=, metallic.

=meter=, to put, place, keep; =meterse á=, to begin to, set one's self

up as; =meterse en=, to get into.

=metódico -a=, regular, methodical.

=metro=, _m._, meter (=_3 feet 3-3/8 inches_).

=mezcla=, _f._, mixture, mortar.

=mezclar=, to mingle, mix; =mezclar entre=, to mingle in, join.

=mezquino -a=, contemptible, mean.

=mi=, my.

=mí=, me, myself.

=miedo=, _m._, fear; =tener miedo=, to be afraid.

=mientras (que)=, while, as long as; =mientras más=, the more; =mientras

más tarde, mejor=, the later, the better; =mientras tanto=, in the

meanwhile.

=miércoles=, _m._, Wednesday.

=mies=, _f._, crop, harvest.

=miga=, _f._, crumb, fried bread.

=Miguel=, _m._ (_prop. noun_), Michael (_the archangel Michael was the

traditional chief of the heavenly host, that cast the Devil out of

Heaven_).

=mil=, (one) thousand.

=militar=, military; _m._, officer.

=millón=, _m._, million.

=millonario -a=, _m. and f._, millionaire.

=mimbral=, _m._, osier thicket (_the_ =mimbre=, _"osier," is a kind of

willow used for making baskets_).

=ministerio=, _m._, government, ministry.

=minúsculo=, _m._, minute, small.

=minuto=, _m._, minute.

=mío -a=, my, mine.

=mirada=, _f._, gaze, look, glance.

=mirador=, _m._, lookout (_on a city wall, bridge, etc._), projecting

balcony.

=mirar=, to look, look at, look in, watch, consider; =¡mira!= look! see

here!

=misa=, _f._, mass; =misa de requiem=, _requiem_ mass (_said, or sung,

for the repose of a departed soul_).

=miserable=, wretched, miserable; =esos miserables=, those wretches.

=misericordia=, _f._, mercy.

=mísero -a=, wretched, miserable.

=misión=, _f._, mission, duty.

=mismo -a=, same, self, himself, (herself, _etc._), very, own; =lo

mismo que= (_or_ =de=), the same (thing) as; =un mismo=, a single, one

and the same; =aquí mismo=, right here.

=misterio=, _m._, mystery; =con misterio=, mysteriously.

=misterioso -a=, mysterious.

=misticismo=, _m._, mysticism.

=mitra=, _f._, miter.

=modestamente=, modestly.

=modesto -a=, modest.

=modificación=, _f._, modification.

=modo=, _m._, mode, way; =á modo de=, like; =de modo que=, so that; =de

este modo=, in this way; =¿de qué modo?= how?

=mofarse de=, to mock.

=mojadura=, _f._, wetting.

=mojar=, to wet; =mojar las polainas=: _see_ =polaina=.

=moler= (=ue=), to grind, wear out.

=molestar=, to trouble.

=molestia=, _f._, trouble, annoyance.

=molino=, _m._, mill.

=momento=, _m._, moment.

=monarca=, _m._, monarch.

=monje -a=, _m. and f._, monk, nun.

=mono -a=, _m. and f._, monkey.

=monótono -a=, monotonous.

=montaña=, _f._, mountain, upland, mountainous country.

=montar=, to mount, ride; =montar á caballo=, to mount (_a horse_), ride

horseback.

=monte=, _m._, hill, wooded upland.

=monumento=, _m._, monument.

=morada=, _f._, dwelling, abode.

=morador=, =-ora=, _m. and f._, inmate, inhabitant.

=morder= (=ue=), to bite.

=morenito -a= (_dim. of_ =moreno=), rather dark(-complexioned).

=moreno -a=, brown, dark; =una morena=, a brunette.

=moribundo -a=, dying.

=morir= (=ue=), to die; =morirse=, to die, be dying; =morir de viejo=,

to die of old age.

=morisco -a=, Moorish.

=Moro -a=, _m. and f._, Moor.

=mortífero -a=, death-dealing, deadly.

=mortificación=, _f._, mortification; =con gran mortificación de=, to

the great mortification of.

=mortuorio -a=, mortuary (_of or pertaining to the dead_).

=moruno -a=, Moorish.

=mosca=, _f._, fly.

=moscón=, _m._ (_aug. of_ =mosca=), gad-fly.

=mosquito=, _m._, gnat, mosquito.

=Móstoles= (_prop. noun_).

=mostrador=, _m._, counter.

=mostrar= (=ue=), to show.

=mover= (=ue=), to move, stir, stir up; =moverse=, to move, move about.

=movible=, moving, movable.

=movimiento=, _m._, movement.

=mozo -a=, _m. and f._, youth, maid; servant, waiter, porter.

=muchacho -a=, _m. and f._, boy, girl; =muchachos=, _m. plur._, boys

and girls, children.

=muchedumbre=, _f._, multitude, throng.

=muchísimo -a= (_from_ =mucho=), very much.

=mucho -a=, much (_plur._, many), abundant.

=mucho= (_adv._), much, very, very well, greatly.

=mudo -a=, mute.

=mueblaje=, _m._, furnishings, furniture.

=mueca=, _f._, grimace, contortion of the face; =hacer muecas=, to make

faces.

=muelle=, _m._, wharf, dock.

=muerdo=, =-es=, =-e=, _etc._: _see_ =morder=.

=muero=, =-es=, =-e=, _etc._, _pres. ind. of_ =morir=.

=muerte=, _f._, death.

=muerto -a= (_past part. of_ =morir=), dead, idle (_hours_).

=mujer=, _f._, woman, wife.

=muleta=, _f._, crutch.

=mulo -a=, _m. and f._, mule.

=multitud=, _f._, large number, multitude.

=mullido -a=, soft.

=mundano -a=, worldly, mundane.

=mundo=, _m._, world; =todo el mundo=, everybody.

=muñeca=, _f._, wrist, doll.

=muralla=, _f._, wall.

=muriendo=, _pres. part. of_ =morir=.

=murió=, _pret. ind., 3d pers. sing., of_ =morir=.

=murmullo=, _m._, murmur; =murmullos=, _plur._, murmuring.

=murmurar=, to murmur.

=muro=, _m._, wall.

=música=, _f._, music.

=músico=, _m._, musician; =músico mayor=, leader (_or_ director) of a

band of music.

=musulmán=, =-ana=, Mussulman, Mohammedan.

=mutilar=, to mutilate.

=muy=, very, very well, very much, very great.

N

=nacer=, to be born, grow (_as light_).

=nacimiento=, _m._, birth; =Nacimiento=, representation of Christ's

Nativity (_scene representing a part of Bethlehem, with images of those

present at Christ's Nativity. These_ =Nacimientos= _are made for

children at Christmas_).

=nación=, _f._, nation.

=nacional=, national.

=nada=, nothing; =no... nada=, not ... anything.

=nada= (_adv._), not at all, by no means, by all means.

=nadar=, to swim.

=nadie=, no one, nobody.

=nana=, _f._, mother, lullaby.

=naranja=, _f._, orange.

=Narciso=, _m._ (_prop. noun_), Narcissus.

=nariz=, _f._, nose; =narices=, nostrils, nose.

=narrar=, to narrate, relate.

=natal=, native.

=natural=, natural.

=naturaleza=, _f._, nature.

=naufragar=, to be wrecked.

=navaja=, _f._, clasp-knife; =navaja de afeitar=, razor.

=nave=, _f._, nave (_body of a church, extending from the choir to the

principal entrance. By extension_, =nave= _may designate the smaller

lateral spaces parallel to the principal nave, and also the body of the

transept_).

=navegante=, _m._, sailor, navigator.

=navegar=, to sail, navigate.

=Navidad=, _f._, Christmas.

=nazareno -a=, Nazarene, Christian.

=neblina=, _f._, mist.

=necesario -a=, necessary.

=necesidad=, _f._, necessity.

=necesitar=, to need; =necesitar de=, to lack, need.

=necio -a=, foolish.

=negar= (=ie=), to deny, refuse; =negarse á=, to refuse to.

=negocio=, _m._, business, deal.

=negro -a=, black, dark.

=nervioso -a=, energetic, nervous.

=nevado -a= (_past part. of_ =nevar=), covered with snow, snowy.

=nevar= (=ie=), to snow.

=ni=, neither, nor, (not) even; =ni... ni=, neither ... nor.

=nido=, _m._, nest.

=niebla=, _f._, haze, mist.

=nieto -a=, _m. and f._, grandson, granddaughter; grandchild.

=nieve=, _f._, snow.

=ninguno -a=, no, none, no one: =no... ninguno=, not ... any.

=niñera=, _f._, nursemaid.

=niñez=, _f._, childhood.

=niño -a=, _m. and f._, child, little boy, little girl; =niña del ojo=,

pupil of the eye.

=nivel=, _m._, level.

=no=, no, not.

=noble=, noble.

=nocturno=, _m._, nocturne, evening song.

=noche=, _f._, night; =de noche=, =por la noche=, at night; =esta

noche=, tonight; =media noche=, midnight; =ser de noche=, to be night;

=todas las noches=, every night.

=nombre=, _m._, name, sake; =de nombre=, by name.

=norte=, _m._, north; =del norte=, northern.

=nos=, us, to us; ourselves.

=nosotros -as=, we; us.

=nota=, _f._, note, tone.

=notar=, to note, notice.

=noticia=, _f._, news, piece of news; =noticias=, news.

=notificar=, to notify (of).

=novedad=, _f._, something new.

=novela=, _f._, novel.

=novelería=, _f._, fondness for news, love of novelty.

=noviembre=, _m._, November.

=novio -a=, _m. and f._, betrothed.

=nube=, _f._, cloud.

=nublado -a= (_past part. of_ =nublar=), cloudy.

=nuca=, _f._, back of the neck, nape of the neck.

=nudo=, _m._, knot, lump.

=nuestro -a=, our, ours.

=nueva=, _f._, news.

=nuevamente=, again.

=nueve=, nine.

=nuevo -a=, new, other; =de nuevo=, again, anew.

=número=, _m._, number.

=numeroso -a=, numerous.

=nunca=, never; =no ... nunca=, not ... ever; =sin ... nunca=, without

... ever.

=Núñez= (_prop. noun_).

O

=ó=, or, either; =ó sea=, or rather.

=obedecer (á)=, to obey.

=obediencia=, _f._, obedience.

=obediente=, obedient.

=obeso -a=, stout, fat.

=objeto=, _m._, object.

=obligación=, _f._, duty, obligation.

=obligar=, to oblige, compel.

=obra=, _f._, work; =poner por obra=, to carry out, execute.

=obscurecer(se)=, to darken, grow dark.

=obscuridad=, _f._, darkness, obscurity.

=obscuro -a=, dark.

=obsequiar=, to treat, present, regale; =obsequiar con regalos=, to make

presents.

=obsequio=, _m._, gift; =en obsequio de=, for the sake of.

=observar=, to observe.

=obstante=: =no obstante=, nevertheless.

=obstinado -a= (_past part. of_ =obstinar=), obstinate.

=obstinarse=, to persist.

=obtener=, to get, obtain.

=obtuve=, =-iste=, =-o=, _etc._, _pret. ind. of_ =obtener=.

=ocasión=, _f._, occasion, opportunity.

=octava=, _f._, octave (_an eight-day celebration of a religious

festival_).

=octubre=, _m._, October.

=ocultar=, to hide.

=oculto -a=, hidden.

=ocupación=, _f._, occupation, business affair.

=ocupado -a= (_past part. of_ =ocupar=), busy.

=ocupar=, to occupy, hold; =ocuparse de=, to busy one's self with.

=ocurrir (se)=, to occur, take place.

=ochavo=, _m._, half-farthing (_lit._, a half-=cuarto=).

=ocho=, eight; =ocho días=, a week.

=odio=, _m._, hate, hatred; =odios=, _plur._, hatred.

=oeste=, _m._, west.

=ofender=, to offend.

=oficiar=, to officiate.

=oficina=, _f._, office.

=ofrecer=, to offer; =¿qué se le ofrece á usted?= what do you wish, sir?

=ofrenda=, _f._, offering.

=oído=, _m._, hearing, ear (_lit._, inner ear).

=oiga=, =oigas=, _etc._, _pres. subj. of_ =oir=.

=oigo=, =oyes=, =oye=, _etc._, _pres. ind. of_ =oir=.

=oir=, to hear; =oir hablar de=, to hear of (about); =¡oye!= =¡oiga!=

listen!

=ojalá=, would that, God grant.

=ojiva=, _f._, Gothic (_or_ pointed) window.

=ojo=, _m._, eye.

=ola=, _f._, wave.

=oler= (=hue-=), to smell.

=olita=, _f._ (_dim. of_ =ola=), little wave.

=olivar=, _m._, olive grove.

=olivo=, _m._, olive-tree.

_olor_, _m._, smell, odor; =olor á=, smell of.

=oloroso -a=, fragrant, odorous.

=olvidar=, to forget, neglect; =se me olvidó=, I forgot.

=olvido=, _m._, oblivion, forgetfulness.

=olla=, _f._, pot.

=omitir=, to omit.

=omnipotencia=, _f._, omnipotence.

=once=, eleven.

=ópera=, _f._, opera.

=opinión=, _f._, opinion.

=oponerse á=, to oppose.

=oportunidad=, _f._, opportuneness.

=oportuno -a=, proper, opportune.

=oprimir=, to press, oppress.

=opuesto -a= (_past part. of_ =oponer=), opposed, opposite; =lo

opuesto=, opposites, that which is opposite.

=opulento -a=, wealthy, opulent, splendid.

=ora=, now.

=oración=, _f._, prayer, sentence; =Oración=, Angelus (_the evening

prayer, which is said at the ringing of the church bell_).

=orbe=, _m._, orb, sphere, world.

=orden=, _m._, order.

=oreja=, _f._, ear.

=Orellana= (_prop. noun_).

=organista=, _m. and f._, organist.

=organizar=, to organize.

=órgano=, _m._, organ.

=orgullo=, _m._, pride.

=orgulloso -a=, proud.

=orilla=, _f._, bank, shore, beach; =á orillas de=, on the bank of.

=oro=, _m._, gold.

=os=, you, to you; yourselves.

=osadía=, _f._, boldness.

=oscilar=, to sway, oscillate.

=oso -a=, _m. and f._, bear.

=ostentar=, to display, boast of.

=otoño=, _m._, autumn.

=otro -a=, other, next; =al otro día=, the next day; =otro tanto=, so

much (many); =uno y otro=, each, both.

=oveja=, _f._, sheep, ewe.

=oye=, _pres. ind., or imperat. sing., of_ =oir=.

=oyente=, _m. and f._, hearer, listener.

=oyeron=, _pret. ind., 3^{d} pers. plur., of_ =oir=.

=oyó=, _pret. ind., 3^{d} pers. sing. of_ =oir=.

P

=Pablo=, _m._ (_prop. noun_), Paul.

=pacer=, to pasture, graze.

=paciencia=, _f._, patience.

=pacientemente=, patiently.

=pacífico -a=, peaceful.

=Paco=, _m._ (_prop. noun: colloquial form of_ =Francisco=,

"_Francis_"), Frank.

=padecer=, to suffer.

=padre=, _m._, father; =padres=, _plur._, parents; =Padre Nuestro=,

Lord's Prayer.

=pae=, _m._ (_used colloquially for_ =padre=), papa, dad.

=pagar=, to pay (for), reward.

=país=, _m._, country.

=paja=, _f._, straw.

=pajarero=, _m._, bird-seller.

=pajarillo -a=, _m. and f._ (_dim. of_ =pájaro=), little bird.

=pajarito -a=, _m. and f._ (_dim. of_ =pájaro=), little bird.

=pájaro -a=, _m. and f._, bird.

=paje=, _m._, page.

=pajuela=, _f._, "light-straw" (_lit., piece of straw, string, etc.,

dipped in sulphur, which was lighted with the aid of flint and steel_).

=palabra=, _f._, word, speech; =dirigir la palabra=, to say a word;

=mojar la palabra=, to wet one's throat.

=palacio=, _m._, palace.

=paladar=, _m._, palate.

=palidecer=, to turn pale.

=pálido -a=, pale.

=paliza=, _f._, beating (_with a "stick,"_ =palo=), caning.

=palma=, _f._, palm.

=palmada=: =dar palmadas=, to clap one's hands.

=palmatoria=, _f._, candlestick.

=palmera=, _f._, palm-tree.

=palmito=, _m._, palmetto, dwarf palm.

=palmo=, _m._, span, a quarter of a yard; =abrir un palmo de boca=, to

open one's mouth a quarter of a yard wide.

=palo=, _m._, stick, blow with a stick; =emprender á palos=, to come to

blows.

=Palomar=: =El Palomar= (_prop. noun: lit._, the dovecot).

=palomita=, _f._ (_dim. of_ =paloma=), small butterfly.

=palpar=, to feel, touch.

=pan=, _m._, bread, loaf (_of bread_).

=panecillo=, _m._ (_dim. of_ =pan=), small loaf of bread, roll.

=pantalón=, _m._, (pair of) trousers.

=paño=, _m._, cloth.

=pañuelo=, _m._, handkerchief.

=papá=, _m._, papa.

=papel=, _m._, paper.

=Paquito=, _m._ (_dim. of_ =Paco=, _a colloquial form of_ =Francisco=),

Frank.

=par=, _m._, pair.

=par=, equal, alike; =á la par=, at once, all together; =de par en par=,

wide, wide open.

=para=, for, in order to; =decir para sí=, to say to one's self; =para

que=, in order that; =¿para qué?= why?

=parábola=, _f._, parable.

=paraguas=, _m._, umbrella.

=paraíso=, _m._, paradise.

=paraje=, _m._, place.

=paralizar=, to paralyze.

=parar=, to stop, parry; =pararse=, to stop; =parar la atención=, to fix

one's attention, notice.

=parcial=, _m._, follower, partisan.

=pardo -a=, dark brown.

=parecer=, to seem, appear, look like; =parecerse á=, to seem, resemble;

=al parecer=, apparently.

=parecido -a= (_past part, of_ =parecer=), similar, like; =ni cosa

parecida=, nor anything like it.

=pared=, _f._, wall.

=pareja=, _f._, couple.

=pariente -a=, _m. and f._, relative.

=París= (_prop. noun_), Paris.

=parlamentario -a=, of Parliament, parliamentary.

=paroxismo=, _m._, paroxysm.

=párpado=, _m._, eyelid.

=parra=, _f._, grape vine.

=párroco=, _m._, parish priest.

=parroquia=, _f._, parish church.

=parroquial=, parish, parochial.

=parroquiano -a=, _m. and f._, customer.

=parte=, _f._, part; =á (en) todas partes=, everywhere; =de parte de=,

on the part of, in behalf of; =de parte á parte=, through and through;

=por ninguna parte=, nowhere; =por otra parte=, on the other hand.

=particular=, especial, particular.

=partir=, to divide, share, leave, start, set out, rise.

=pasado -a= (_past part. of_ =pasar=), past, last; =lo pasado=, the past

(time).

=pasajero -a=, _m. and f._, passenger, passer-by.

=pasajero -a=, momentary.

=pasar=, to pass, run through, happen, undergo, suffer, be the matter

(with); =pasarse=, to pass; =pasar(se) de=, to exceed; =pasar por=, to

pass by (_or_ over); =¿qué te pasa?= what is the matter with you?

=pasear=, to walk (_for pleasure_), walk to and fro, pass, take;

=pasearse=, to walk (to and fro); =ir á pasear=, to go walking.

=paseo=, _m._, walk, drive, boulevard, "paseo" (=_park or avenue, where

one walks or drives for pleasure_); =dar paseos=, to take walks.

=pasión=, _f._, passion.

=pasmo=, _m._, astonishment, amazement.

=paso=, _m._, pace, step, pass, way; =cerrar el paso=, =impedir el

paso=, to block the way; =dar pasos=, to take steps; =dejar paso=, to

let pass; =salir al paso=, to come out to meet.

=pastar=, to feed.

=pastor=, =-ora=, _m. and f._, shepherd, shepherdess.

=Pastrana=, _f._ (_prop. noun_).

=pata=, _f._, paw, claw, foot (_the_ =pata= _is, to be exact, the foot

and lower leg of beast or bird_).

=patada=, _f._, stamp.

=patente=, patent; =ejemplo patente=, good example.

=paternal=, paternal.

=paterno -a=, paternal.

=patio=, _m._, court-yard (_the_ =patio= _of a house is usually in the

center of the building, with verandas and rooms about it_).

=patita=, _f._, (_dim. of_ =pata=): =poner de patitas en la calle=, to

push some one out (into the street) with one's foot, put out forcibly.

=pato -a=, _m. and f._, drake, duck.

=patraña=, _f._, fable, "fake."

=patriarca=, _m._, patriarch.

=patrio -a=, native, paternal.

=patrona=, _f._, patron saint, landlady.

=pausadamente=, slowly, quietly.

=pavimiento=, _m._, pavement.

=paz=, _f._, peace.

=pecador=, =-ora=, _m. and f._, sinner.

=pececillo=, _m._ (_dim. of_ =pez=), little fish.

=pecuniario -a=, pecuniary, financial.

=pecho=, _m._, breast, lung; =de pechos á=, leaning against.

=pedazo=, _m._, piece.

=pedir= (=i=), to ask (for); =pedir á=, to ask of; =pedir por=, to

intercede for; =pedir prestado=, to borrow.

=pedrería=, _f._, precious stones.

=Pedro=, _m._ (_prop. noun_), Peter.

=pedrusco=, _m._, big stone.

=pedúnculo=, _m._, stem, peduncle.

=pegar=, to attach, stick, strike, give (_a blow, slap, etc._); =pegar

el tiro á=, to shoot.

=pegue=, =-es=, _etc._, _pres. subj. of_ =pegar=.

=pegué=, _pret., 1st pers. sing., of_ =pegar=.

=pelear=, to fight.

=peligro=, _m._, danger, peril.

=peligroso -a (para)=, dangerous (to), perilous (to).

=pelo=, _m._, hair.

=pelota=, _f._, ball; =jugar á la pelota=, to play ball.

=pena=, _f._, punishment, sorrow, trouble.

=pendón=, _m._, standard.

=penetrar=, to enter, penetrate; =penetrar por=, to pass through.

=penitencia=, _f._, penance.

=penitente=, penitent.

=penosamente=, painfully.

=penoso -a=, laborious, difficult.

=pensamiento=, _m._, thought.

=pensar= (=ie=), to think, plan; =pensar en=, to think of.

=pensativo -a=, in thought, pensive.

=peña=, _f._, rock.

=peñasco=, _m._, rock, crag, rocky ledge.

=peor= (_comp. of_ =malo=), worse, worst.

=Pepa=, _f._ (_prop. noun: a colloquial form of_ =Josefa=,

"_Josephine_"), Josie.

=Pepilla=, _f._ (_dim. of_ =Pepa=), (little) Josie.

=pepita=, _f._, seed.

=Pepita=, _f._ (_dim. of_ =Pepa=), (little) Josie.

=Pepito=, _m._ (_prop. noun: a dim. of_ =Pepe=, _which is, in turn, a

colloquial form of_ =José=, "_Joseph_"), (little) Joe.

=pequeñito -a= (_dim. of_ =pequeño=), very small, very little.

=pequeño -a=, little, small.

=pequeñuelo -a= (_dim. of_ =pequeño=), little, little fellow.

=pera=, _f._, pear.

=peral=, _m._, pear-tree.

=percibir=, to receive, perceive.

=perder= (=ie=), to lose; =perder de vista=, to lose sight of.

=pérdida=, _f._, loss.

=perdón=, _m._, pardon; =¡perdón!= forgive me!

=perdonar=, to pardon, forgive.

=peregrinación=, _f._, journey, pilgrimage.

=peregrino -a=, _m. and f._, pilgrim.

=peregrino -a=, wandering.

=Pérez= (_prop. noun_).

=perezoso -a=, indolent, idle.

=perfección=, _f._, perfection; =á la perfección=, to perfection.

=perfectamente=, perfectly.

=perfecto -a=, perfect.

=perfil=, _m._, profile.

=perfumar=, to perfume.

=perfume=, _m._, perfume.

=pergamino=, _m._, parchment (_made of pig-skin, and used for important

documents on account of its durability_).

=periódico=, _m._, newspaper.

=perjuro -a=, false, perjurer.

=perla=, _f._, pearl.

=permanecer=, to remain.

=permiso=, _m._, permission.

=permitir=, to permit; =¡no lo permita Dios!= God forbid!

=pero=, but.

=perro -a=, _m. and f._, dog; "=perro chico=," copper coin==5 céntimos=;

"=perro grande="==10 céntimos=.

=perruno -a=, canine.

=perseguir= (=i=), to pursue, run after.

=persistencia=, _f._, persistence; =con persistencia=, persistently.

=persona=, _f._, person; =personas=, _plur._, persons, men and women.

=personaje=, _m._, character, person.

=personal=, personal.

=personificación=, _f._, personification.

=pertenecer=, to belong.

=Perú=, _m._ (_prop. noun_), Peru.

=pervertir= (=ie=), to pervert.

=pesado -a= (_past part. of_ =pesar=), heavy, tedious; =lo pesado de una

faena=, the tediousness of a task.

=pesar=: =á pesar de=, in spite of; =á pesar mío=, in spite of myself.

=pesar=, to weigh, cause regret.

=pesaroso -a=, sorrowful.

=pesca=, _f._, fishing, catch (of fish); =pueblo de pesca=, village of

fishermen.

=pescador=, _m._, fisherman; =pescador de caña=, one who fishes with a

rod.

=pescar=, to fish, catch.

=pesebre=, _m._, manger, stall.

=peseta=, _f._, silver coin worth about twenty American cents (=1 peseta

= 100 céntimos=. _The_ =peseta= _is the monetary unit of value in

Spain_).

=peso=, _m._, weight, dollar.

=pestillo=, _m._, door (_or_ window) latch.

=pez=, _m._, fish.

=¡pí, pí!= peep, peep!

=piadoso -a=, pious.

=piano=, _m._, piano.

=picacho=, _m._ (_aug. of_ =pico=), lofty peak.

=picar=, to bite.

=picardía=, _f._, knavery, offensive term.

=picaresco -a=, roguish.

=pícaro -a=, _m. and f._, rascal.

=pícaro -a=, sly, rascally.

=pico=, _m._, peak, beak, mouth (_of birds_); =callar su pico=, to cease

their twittering.

=pido=, =-es=, =-e=, _etc._, _pres. ind. of_ =pedir=.

=pie=, _m._, foot; =á los pies de=, at the foot of; =ponerse de= (_or_

=en=) =pie=, to stand up.

=piedad=, _f._, pity.

=piedra=, _f._, stone.

=piel=, _f._, skin, leather, fur.

=pienso=, _m._, feed (_of horses and mules_).

=pierdo=, =-es=, =-e=, _etc._, _pres. ind. of_ =perder=.

=pierna=, _f._, leg; =dormir á pierna suelta=, to sleep soundly.

=pieza=, _f._, piece, room; =piezas de canto=, snatches of song.

=pilar=, _m._, pillar.

=Pilonga=, _f._ (_prop. noun_).

=pillar=, to catch.

=pim, pam, pum=, bang, bang.

=pimienta=, _f._, pepper.

=pintar=, to paint, describe.

=pintorescamente=, picturesquely.

=pintoresco -a=, picturesque.

=piqueta=, _f._, pickaxe.

=pirámide=, _f._, pyramid.

=pisada=, _f._, footstep, tread, stamping, sound of hoofs.

=pisar=, to tread (on), step upon, walk on.

=piso=, _m._, ground, floor, story; =piso bajo=, ground (_or_ first)

floor; =primer piso=, second floor (_or_ story).

=placer=, _m._, pleasure.

=plan=, _m._, plan.

=plana=, _f._, page; =enmendar la plana=, to correct.

=planta=, _f._, plant; =echar plantas=, to boast.

=plantar=, to plant, leave in the lurch; =plantarse=, to take a

position, reach.

=plata=, _f._, silver.

=platicar=, to chat, talk.

=plato=, _m._, plate.

=playa=, _f._, shore.

=plaza=, _f._, central square (_or_ "plaza"), market-place, place.

=plazo=, _m._, time, term.

=plegaria=, _f._, prayer.

=pluma=, _f._, feather, pen.

=población=, _f._, town, city.

=poblar= (=ue=), to people; =poblarse=, to fill up (with people),

people.

=pobre=, poor.

=pobreza=, _f._, poverty.

=poco -a=, little, (_plur._) few; _adv._, little, a little, not very; =á

poco=, in a little while, soon afterward; =á poco más=, a little more

and, almost; =poco á poco=, little by little, slowly.

=podenco -a=, _m. and f._, hound.

=poder=, _m._, power.

=poder=, to be able, can, may; =á más no poder=, to the utmost,

exceedingly; =no podía (pudo) menos de=, he could not help; =como

puede=, as best he (she, it) can.

=poderoso -a=, mighty, powerful, able.

=podría=, _etc._, _cond. ind. of_ =poder=.

=poema=, _m._, poem.

=poesía=, _f._, poetry, poem, verse.

=poeta=, _m._, poet.

=poético -a=, poetic.

=polaina=, _f._, legging; =calzar polainas=, to be rustic (_lit._, to

wear leggings); =mojársele las polainas al Santo=, to rain (_lit._, to

wet the Saint's leggings).

=policía=, _f._, policing, police supervision.

=político -a=, political.

=polizonte=, _m._, policeman.

=polvo=, _m._, dust.

=pollo -a=, _m. and f._, chick, chicken.

=polluelo -a=, _m. and f._ (_dim. of_ =pollo=), little bird, chick.

=pompa=, _f._, pomp.

=pon=, _imperat. sing. of_ =poner=.

=ponderar=, to enlarge upon, emphasize.

=pondré=, =pondrás=, _etc._, _fut. ind. of_ =poner=.

=poner=, to put, set, set up, lay (_eggs_), make; =ponerse=, to put on,

set (_as the sun_), become, turn; =ponerse á=, to set one's self at,

begin to; =poner á que=, to bet that; =ponerse á= (_or_ =de=) =pie=, to

stand up.

=ponga=, =pongas=, _etc._, _pres. subj. of_ =poner=.

=pongo=, =pones=, _etc._, _pres. ind. of_ =poner=.

=popa=, _f._, stern (_of a ship_); =de popa=, astern.

=popular=, popular.

=poquillo -a= (_dim. of_ =poco=), little, very little.

=por=, for, by, through, to, over, on account of, with regard to, as a;

=por ... que=, however; =¿por qué?= why?; =por= =ahí= (_or_ =allí=),

over there; =por más que=, although; =por si=, lest, for fear that.

=porción=, _f._, portion, number.

=porfía=, _f._, insistence, persistence; =á porfía=, in rivalry;

=meterse en porfías=, to argue.

=pórfido=, _m._, porphyry.

=porque=, because, so that.

=portal=, _m._, doorway.

=portamonedas=, _m._, pocketbook.

=portero=, _m._, janitor, gatekeeper.

=portezuela=, _f._ (_dim. of_ =puerta=), door (_of a railway coach_),

carriage door.

=portillo=, _m._ (_dim. of_ =puerto=), gate (_small gate in the wall of

a city_).

=porvenir=: =lo porvenir=, the future (_lit._, the to-come).

=pos=: =en pos de=, after.

=posada=, _f._, inn.

=posar(se)=, to rest, light, alight.

=poseer=, to possess.

=posesión=, _f._, possession.

=posible=, possible.

=posición=, _f._, position, situation.

=positivo -a=, positive.

=poste=, _m._, post.

=postres=, _m. plur._, dessert; =varios postres=, several kinds of

dessert.

=postura=, _f._, position, posture.

=potencia=, _f._, power, faculty.

=potente=, powerful, strong.

=práctico -a=, practical, practicable.

=pradera=, _f._, meadow.

=praderita=, _f._ (_dim. of_ =pradera=), little meadow.

=prado=, _m._, meadow; =el Prado=, a broad, central avenue in Madrid.

=precaución=, _f._, precaution.

=preceder= (=á=), to precede.

=precepto=, _m._, precept.

=precio=, _m._, value, price; =subido precio=, high price.

=precioso -a=, beautiful, precious.

=precipitadamente=, hastily, precipitously.

=precisar=, to oblige.

=preciso -a=, necessary; =lo preciso para=, only what was necessary in

order.

=precursor=, _m._, precursor, herald.

=predestinar=, to predestine.

=predicador=, _m._, preacher, (one) who preaches (=subirse á predicar=

_is used figuratively in the sense of_ =subirse á la cabeza=, _"to go to

one's head,"--as wine,--probably because the preacher goes to the head

of the church, or because wine makes one talk_).

=predicar=, to preach.

=preferencia=, _f._, preference.

=preferir= (=ie=), to prefer.

=prefijar=, to appoint, designate.

=pregón=, _m._, public proclamation.

=pregonar=, to proclaim, call out.

=pregunta=, _f._, question; =hacer= =una pregunta=, to ask a question.

=preguntar= (=á=), to ask (of).

=premio=, _m._, prize; =premio gordo=, first prize.

=prenda=, _f._, treasure, pledge; =en prenda=, as security.

=prender=, to arrest.

=preocupar en=, to preoccupy with; =preocuparse de=, to worry about.

=preparar=, to make ready, prepare.

=presa=, _f._, catch, prey; =hacer presa en=, to take hold of, seize.

=presagio=, _m._, omen, presage; =mal presagio=, evil omen.

=presea=, _f._, jewel.

=presencia=, _f._, presence.

=presenciar=, to witness.

=presentar=, to present, offer.

=presente=, _m._, present.

=presentimiento=, _m._, presentiment.

=preservar=, to save, preserve.

=prestar=, to lend; =prestar oído=, to listen attentively; =pedir

prestado=, to borrow.

=presumido -a= (_past part. of_ =presumir=), vain, presumptuous.

=presunto -a=, alleged.

=pretender=, to pretend, claim, attempt.

=pretendiente= (=á=), _m._, suitor (for).

=pretensión=, _f._, pretension.

=pretextar=, to give as a pretext, pretend.

=pretil=, _m._, balustrade.

=prevención=, _f._, police station.

=prevenido -a= (_past part. of_ =prevenir=), prepared, cautious.

=primavera=, _f._, spring.

=primaveral=, of spring.

=primer(o) -a=, first.

=primo -a=, _m. and f._, cousin.

=primogénito -a=, first-born.

=primor=, _m._, skill, beauty; =primores=, _plur._, beautiful things,

exquisite creations.

=primoroso -a=, exquisite, dexterous.

=princesa=, _f._, princess.

=principal=, important, principal; =lo principal=, the important thing.

=príncipe=, _m._, prince.

=principiar=, to begin.

=principio=, _m._, beginning; =al principio=, at first.

=prisa=, _f._, haste; =á prisa=, =de prisa=, fast; =tener prisa=, to be

in a hurry.

=prisión=, _f._, prison.

=privar=, to deprive.

=privilegio=, _m._, privilege.

=probable=, probable.

=probar= (=ue=), to try, prove, taste; =probar de=, to try, sample.

=procedente= (=de=), coming (from), gotten (from).

=proceder=, to proceed, come.

=procurar=, to try, procure.

=prodigioso -a=, marvelous, prodigious.

=producir=, to yield, cause, produce.

=produje=, =-iste=, =-o=, _etc._, _pret. ind. of_ =producir=.

=profeta=, _m._, prophet.

=profundamente=, deeply, profoundly.

=profundidad=, _f._, depth.

=profundo -a=, deep, profound.

=prolongar=, to protract, prolong.

=prometer=, to promise.

=prometido -a=, _m. and f._, betrothed.

=pronóstico=, _m._, prediction.

=pronto=, quickly, soon; =al pronto=, at first; =de pronto=, suddenly.

=pronunciar=, to utter, pronounce.

=propiedad=, _f._, property.

=propio -a=, _m. and f._, servant, one of his men (_or_ women).

=propio -a=, own, self, very; =amor propio=, self-love, conceit.

=proponer(se)=, to propose.

=proporción=, _f._, proportion; =á proporción=, in proportion.

=proposición=, _f._, proposition.

=propósito=, _m._, purpose, intention; =á propósito=, fit, suitable; =de

propósito=, on purpose.

=propuse=, =-iste=, =-o=, _etc._, _pret. ind. of_ =proponer=.

=prorrumpir=, to break forth.

=proseguir= (=i=), to continue.

=prosperar=, to prosper.

=protector=, =-ora=, _m. and f._, protector.

=protestar=, to protest.

=providencia=, _f._, providence.

=provincia=, _f._, province.

=provisión=, _f._, provision.

=próximo -a=, near, close, neighboring; =próximo á=, about to, on the

point of.

=proyectar=, to plan.

=prudente=, prudent, cautious.

=prueba=, _f._, proof; =en prueba=, as a proof.

=público -a=, public.

=pude=, =pudiste=, =pudo=, _etc._, _pret. ind. of_ =poder=.

=pudrir(se)=, to rot.

=Puebla=: =La Puebla=, _f._ (_prop. noun_).

=pueblecito=, _m._ (_dim. of_ =pueblo=), small town, village.

=pueblo=, _m._, people, small town (_or_ large village).

=puedo=, =-es=, =-e=, _etc._, _pres. ind. of_ =poder=; =pueda=, =-as=,

=-a=, _etc._, _pres. subj._

=puente=, _m._, bridge, draw-bridge.

=pueril=, childish.

=puerta=, _f._, door, gate; =tomar la puerta=, to pass through the gate.

=puerto=, _m._, port, refuge.

=pues=, for, since, then, well.

=puesto=, _m._, post, position, shop, stand, cab-stand.

=puesto -a= (_past part. of_ =poner=), put, placed, on (_as clothes_),

in place (_as a key_); =puesto que=, since.

=pulcritud=, _f._, neatness.

=pulgada=, _f._, inch.

=pulir=, to polish.

=pulmón=, _m._, lung.

=pulular=, to swarm.

=punta=, _f._, point, corner (_of a handkerchief_), small flock (_of

sheep_); =sobre la punta de los pies=, on tiptoe.

=puntiagudo -a=, sharp, pointed.

=puntilla=, _f._ (_dim. of_ =punta=), small point; =de puntillas=, on

tiptoe.

=punto=, _m._, point; =á punto de=, on the point of, about to; =al

punto=, immediately; =en punto=, exactly; =en punto de=, in point of,

with regard to; =hasta tal punto=, to such an extent; =coche de punto=,

cab; =subir de punto=, to increase greatly.

=puntual=, prompt, punctual.

=puñado=, _m._ (_from_ =puño=, "_fist_"), handful.

=puñetazo=, _m._, blow (_with the_ =puño=).

=puño=, _m._, fist, hilt.

=pupila=, _f._, pupil (_of the eye_), eye.

=pupilo -a=, _m. and f._, boarder; =de pupilo=, as a boarder.

=pureza=, _f._, purity, pureness.

=purificar=, to purify.

=puro=, _m._, cigar (=_pure Havana_).

=puro -a=, pure.

=puse=, =pusiste=, =puso=, _etc._, _pret. ind. of_ =poner=.

Q

=que=, who, whom, which, that; =el que=, =la que=, _etc._, who, _or_ he

who, she who, _etc._, the one that, _etc._; =lo que=, what, (_adv._)

how, as; =por lo que=, wherefore, therefore; =lo que es á=, as for.

=¿qué?= what, which; =¿para qué?= =¿por qué?= why?

=¡qué!= what, what a, how, how many.

=que=, that, for, than, how; =á que= (==apuesto á que=), I bet that.

=quebrar= (=ie=), to break.

=quedar(se)=, to remain, be; =quedarse con=, to keep.

=quedo=, softly, in a low voice.

=queja=, _f._, complaint, lamentation.

=quejarse=, to complain.

=quejumbroso -a=, complaining.

=quemar=, to burn; =quemar á uno la sangre=, to set one's blood on fire,

exasperate.

=querer=, to wish, will, expect, try; =querer á=, to like, love; =querer

decir=, to mean; yo =quisiera=, I should like to; =quieras no quieras=,

willing or unwilling.

=querré=, =querrás=, _etc._, _fut. ind. of_ =querer=.

=queso=, _m._, cheese.

=quien=, (_plur._) =quienes= (_interrog._, =quién=, =quiénes=), who,

whom, (the) one who, any one who.

=quiero=, =-es=, =-e=, _etc._, _pres. ind. of_ =querer=.

=quimera=, _f._, chimera.

=quimérico -a=, chimerical, fantastic.

=quince=, fifteen; =quince días=, a fortnight, two weeks.

=quinto -a=, fifth.

=quise=, =quisiste=, =quiso=, _etc._, _pret. ind. of_ =querer=.

=quisiera=: _see_ =querer=.

=quitar= (=á=), to take away (from _or_ off), deprive of; =quitarse=, to

take off.

=quitasol=, _m._, sun-shade, parasol.

=quizá=, perhaps.

R

=rabia=, _f._, hydrophobia, rabies.

=rabiar=, to be mad; =rabiar por=, to long eagerly to, be in a rage to.

=rabo=, _m._, tail, handle.

=rabón=, =-ona=, bob-tailed.

=racimo=, _m._, cluster (_of grapes_), bunch.

=radiar=, to radiate, flash forth.

=radical=, radical.

=Rafael=, _m._, (_prop. noun_), Raphael.

=raíz=, _f._, root.

=raja=, _f._, slice.

=rama=, _f._, branch, limb.

=rana=, _f._, frog.

=rancio -a=, faded and musty.

=rápidamente=, quickly, rapidly.

=raquero=, _m._, wrecker.

=raro -a=, rare.

=rasguear=, to thrum.

=rastrero -a=, crawling.

=rastro=, _m._, track, trace.

=ratero -a=, _m. and f._, thief, pickpocket.

=rato=, _m._, while, time; =á= (_or_ =al=) =poco rato=, in a little

while; =un buen rato=, a good while, for some time.

=ratoncillo=, _m._ (_dim. of_ =ratón=), little mouse.

=raudal=, _m._, stream, abundance; =raudales=, _plur._, volume.

=raudamente=, rapidly.

=raudo -a=, rapid.

=raya=, _f._, line, dash; =sacar la raya=, to part one's hair.

=rayo=, _m._, ray (_of light_), flash (_of lightning_); =rayos de

colores=, rays of colored light; =¡rayo de Dios!= thunder and lightning!

=raza=, _f._, race, breed.

=razón=, _f._, reason; =tener razón=, to be right; =ponerse en razón=,

to be reasonable.

=real=, _m._, coin worth =25 céntimos= (_=about 5 cents. This is the_

=real de vellón=. _The old silver_ =real= _was worth 10 or 12-1/2 cents.

In Mexico a_ =real=_=12-1/2 cents_).

=real=, royal, real.

=realce=, _m._, raised work, relief.

=realidad=, _f._, reality.

=realizar=, to accomplish, realize.

=realmente=, really.

=reanudar=, to resume; =reanudar el sueño=, to fall asleep again.

=rebajar=, to throw off, reduce the price.

=rebaño=, _m._, flock, herd.

=rebonito -a= (_intensive form of_ =bonito=), very pretty.

=rebosar=, to overflow with, sparkle with.

=rebuznar=, to bray.

=rebuzno=, _m._, bray; =rebuznos=, _plur._, braying.

=recado=, _m._, message.

=recapacitar=, to reflect.

=recatar=, to conceal; =recatarse de=, to beware of.

=recaudador=, _m._, tax-collector.

=recelo=, _m._, misgiving, suspicion.

=receloso -a=, suspicious.

=recibir=, to receive.

=recibo=, _m._, receipt.

=recién=, newly, recently.

=reciente=, recent, fresh.

=recientemente=, recently.

=recinto=, _m._, enclosure, precincts.

=recio -a=, strong, heavy.

=recitar=, to recite, say.

=recobrar=, to regain, recover.

=recodo=, _m._, bend, turn.

=recoger=, to collect, gather, take up again, pick up, retire.

=recogido -a= (_past part. of_ =recoger=), retired.

=Recoletos= (_prop. noun: lit._, Recollect _or_ Recollet, _a friar of

the Strict Observance,--an order of Franciscans_).

=reconciliar=, to reconcile; =reconciliarse con=, to become reconciled

to; =reconciliar el sueño=, to succeed in falling asleep.

=reconocer=, to recognize, examine.

=recontar= (=ue=), to recount, retell.

=recordar= (=ue=), to recall, remember.

=recorrer=, to run through, travel through.

=recrear=, to amuse, brighten.

=recuerdo=, _m._, recollection.

=recuperar=, to recover.

=rechazar=, to repel, reject.

=rechinar=, to creak.

=red=, _f._, net.

=redondel=, _m._, round piece.

=redondo -a=, round, rounded.

=reducir=, to reduce, limit.

=refacción=, _f._, repast.

=referencia=, _f._, reference; =por referencias=, by hearsay,

indirectly.

=referir= (=ie=), to relate, tell.

=reflector=, _m._, reflector.

=reflejar=, to reflect.

=reflejo=, _m._, reflection.

=reflexionar=, to consider, reflect.

=refrenar=, to check.

=refrescar=, to refresh.

=refugiarse=, to take refuge.

=refunfuñar= (=de=), to grumble (at), snarl (at).

=regalar=, to present.

=regalo=, _m._, present, gift; =regalo de despedida=, farewell gift.

=regar= (=ie=), to water, irrigate.

=regidor=, _m._, magistrate, alderman.

=regimiento=, _m._, regiment.

=región=, _f._, región.

=regir= (=i=), to rule, govern.

=registro=, _m._, record, register.

=regla=, _f._, rule; =en regla=, regular.

=regocijarse= (=de=), to rejoice (at).

=regocijo=, _m._, rejoicing, joy.

=regodeo=, _m._, joy, merriment; =hacer regodeos=, to make merry.

=regresar=, to return.

=regular=, fairly good, usual, regular; =más de lo regular=, more than

usual.

=reina=, _f._, queen.

=reinado=, _m._, reign.

=reino=, _m._, kingdom.

=reir=, to laugh; =reirse= (=de=), to laugh (at).

=reiterar=, to repeat, reiterate.

=relación=, _f._, relation.

=relamer=, to lick again; =relamerse=, to lick one's lips.

=relámpago=, _m._, lightning.

=relatar=, to relate.

=relato=, _m._, account, story, relation.

=religión=, _f._, religion.

=religiosa=, _f._, nun.

=religioso -a=, religious.

=reloj=, _m._, clock, watch; =reloj de bolsillo=, watch.

=relucir=, to shine forth.

=relleno -a= (_intensive form of_ =lleno=), stuffed.

=remanso=, _m._, dead water, pool.

=remedar=, to imitate.

=remediar=, to help, remedy.

=remedio=, _m._, help, remedy; =no hay más remedio=, it can not be

helped.

=remembranza=, _f._, remembrance, memory.

=remendar= (=ie=), to mend, patch.

=remo=, _m._, oar.

=remontar=, to raise; =remontarse=, to rise (again); =remontar el

vuelo=, to fly up.

=remordimiento=, _m._, remorse; =remordimientos=, _plur._, feelings of

remorse.

=remoto -a=, remote.

=remover= (=ue=), to move, disturb.

=rendija=, _f._, crack.

=rendirse= (i), to yield, surrender.

=renglón=, _m._, line; =á renglón seguido=, straightway.

=renovación=, _f._, renewal.

=renovar= (=ue=), to renew.

=renunciar= (=á=), to forego, give up, renounce.

=reojo: de reojo=, askance, out of the corner of one's eye.

=reparar= (=en=), to observe, notice.

=repente: de repente=, suddenly.

=repentinamente=, quickly, suddenly.

=repetido -a= (_past part. of_ =repetir=), repeated; =repetidas veces=,

time and time again.

=repetir= (i), to repeat, relate.

=repisa=, _f._, ledge, bracket-shelf.

=replicar=, to reply.

=reponer=, to replace, recover, reply.

=reposo=, _m._, repose, rest.

=representar=, to represent, present.

=reprimir=, to suppress.

=reproducir=, to reproduce.

=reptil=, _m._, reptile.

=república=, _f._, republic.

=repuesto -a=, _past part. of_ =reponer=.

=repulsivo -a=, repulsive.

=repuse=, =-iste=, =-o=, _etc._, _pret. ind. of_ =reponer=.

=requerir= (=ie=), to require.

=requiebro=, _m._, compliment, loving words.

=requiem=: _see_ =misa=.

=resaltar=, to hop about.

=resbalar=, to slip; =resbalar por=, to run down (_as tears_).

=rescatar=, to recover.

=reservar=, to reserve.

=resguardar=, to protect.

=resignar=, to resign.

=resistir= (=á=), to resist, refuse.

=resolución=, _f._, decision, resolution.

=resolver= (=ue=), to resolve; =resolverse á=, to decide upon, resolve

to.

=resonar= (=ue=), to resound.

=resoplido=, _m._, snort.

=respectivo -a=, respective.

=respetable=, respected, considerable.

=respetar=, to respect.

=respetuosamente=, respectfully.

=respirar=, to breathe, breathe forth.

=resplandecer=, to shine, glow.

=resplandor=, _m._, light; =resplandores=, _plur._, light, radiance.

=responder=, to answer, respond.

=respuesta=, _f._, reply, response.

=restablecer=, to re-establish, recover; =restablecerse=, to recover,

get well.

=restante=, remaining.

=restar=, to remain.

=restregar=, to rub.

=resuelto -a= (_past part. of_ =resolver=), resolved, resolute.

=resultar=, to result, be found, become.

=resumen=: =en resumen=, in short.

=resumido -a= (_past part. of_ =resumir=), abridged; =en resumidas

cuentas=, after all.

=retama=, _f._; =retama macho=, (Spanish) broom.

=retardar=, to delay, retard.

=retener=, to keep, retain.

=retirada=, _f._, retreat, withdrawal.

=retirarse=, to withdraw, retire.

=retorcerse= (=ue=), to twist, wind.

=retratar=, to picture, depict.

=retrato=, _m._, likeness, picture.

=retribuir=, to remunerate; =retribuido con=, with a salary of.

=retroceder=, to draw back, fall back, recede.

=reunir=, to assemble, gather, pile up (_a fortune_); =reunirse=, to

gather; =reunirse con= (_or_ =á=), to join.

=revelar=, to disclose, reveal.

=revendedor=, =-ora=, _m. and f._, dealer.

=reventar= (=ie=), to burst, exhaust.

=revestir= (=i=), to clothe, cover.

=revolcadura=, _f._, place where an animal has rolled (_or_ wallowed).

=revolcarse= (=ue=), to wallow, roll about (_or_ over).

=revolotear=, to fly about, flutter, hover.

=revólver=, _m._, revolver.

=revolver= (=ue=), to turn about.

=revoque=, _m._, (_coat of_) plaster.

=rey=, _m._, king.

=rezar=, to pray.

=ría=, =rías=, =ría=, _etc._, _pres. subj. of_ =reir=.

=riada=, _f._, flood, freshet.

=ribazo=, _m._, cliff.

=rico -a=, rich.

=ridículo -a=, ridiculous.

=riendo=, _pres. part. of_ =reir=.

=riesgo=, _m._, risk, danger; =con riesgo de=, to the risk of.

=rijo=, =riges=, =-e=, _etc._, _pres. ind. of_ =regir=.

=rima=, _f._, rhyme (_or_ rime).

=rincón=, _m._, corner.

=rindo=, =-es=, =-e=, _etc._, _pres. ind. of_ =rendir=.

=río=, _m._, river; =río abajo=, down the river; =río arriba=, up the

river.

=río=, =ríes=, =ríe=, _etc._, _pres. ind. of_ =reir=.

=rió=, _pret., 3^{d} pers. sing., of_ =reir=.

=risa=, _f._, laughter.

=risueño -a=, smiling.

=Rita=, _f._ (_prop. noun: a colloquial form of_ =Margarita=,

"_Margaret_"), Maggie.

=rizar=, to curl, ruffle.

=ro=: =¡á la ro, ro!= rock-a-by!

=robar= (=á=), to steal (from), rob (of).

=robo=, _m._, robbery, theft.

=robusto -a=, strong, robust.

=roca=, _f._, rock.

=roce=, _m._, rustling.

=rocío=, _m._, dew.

=rodar= (=ue=), to roll, wander about; =hacer rodar=, to roll.

=rodear=, to surround, move about; =rodear de=, to surround by.

=rodilla=, _f._, knee; =de rodillas=, on one's knees.

=rogar= (=ue=), to ask, beg.

=rojizo -a= (_from_ =rojo=), reddish.

=rojo -a=, red.

=Roma=, _f._ (_prop. noun_), Rome.

=romance=, _m._, ballad.

=romanza=, _f._, romance, song.

=romper=, to break, tear; =romper á sollozar=, to burst out sobbing.

=roncar=, to snore.

=ronco -a=, hoarse.

=Ronda=, _f._ (_prop. noun_).

=ronquido=, _m._, snoring.

=ropa=, _f._, clothing, clothes.

=ropaje=, _m._, drapery.

=ropero=, _m._, clothes-press.

=ropón=, _m._, gown.

=rosa=, _f._, rose.

=rosal=, _m._, rose-bush.

=rosario=, _m._, rosary (_a rosary consists of 5 "decades," or groups of

beads. Each "decade" contains 10 small beads and one large bead. For

each small bead the prayer beginning_ =Ave María= ["_Hail Mary_"] _is

said, and for each large bead the_ =Padre Nuestro= [_which contains_

=danos hoy nuestro pan=...]).

=rostro=, _m._, face, countenance.

=roto -a= (_irreg. past part. of_ =romper=), broken, torn.

=rozar=, to scrape, tickle.

=rubicundo -a=, ruddy.

=rubio -a=, fair.

=rudo -a=, rough, rude.

=rueda=, _f._, wheel.

=ruego=, _m._, request, entreaty.

=rugido=, _m._, roar.

=rugir=, to roar.

=ruido=, _m._, noise; =sin ruido=, noiselessly.

=ruin=, vile.

=ruiseñor=, _m._, nightingale.

=rumor=, _m._, sound.

=rústico -a=, rustic, unpolished.

S

=sábado=, _m._, Saturday, Sabbath.

=sábana=, _f._, sheet.

=saber=, to know, know how to, understand, learn, find out; =á saber=,

to-wit, namely.

=sabiduría=, _f._, wisdom.

=sable=, _m._, sabre.

=sabor=, _m._, taste, flavor.

=saborear=, to relish, enjoy.

=sabré=, =sabrás=, _etc._, _fut. ind. of_ =saber=.

=sacar=, to take out, pull out, bring out, ask (_to dance_), get, get

back, hatch (_eggs_); =sáqueme=, bring out for me, show me.

=sacerdote=, _m._, priest.

=saco=, _m._, sack; =saco de noche=, traveling bag.

=sacre=, _m._, falcon.

=sacrificar=, to sacrifice.

=sacrificio=, _m._, sacrifice.

=sacudida=, _f._, jerk.

=sacudir=, to shake, give (_a blow with a whip_).

=sagrado -a=, sacred.

=sagrario=, _m._, sacrarium _or_ innermost sanctuary (_where things of

especial sacredness or great value are kept_).

=sal=, _f._, salt.

=sala=, _f._, reception-room, hall (=_large public room_).

=Salamanca=, _f._ (_prop. noun_).

=salario=, _m._, salary.

=salchichón=, _m._, large (Bologna) sausage.

=saldré=, =saldrás=, _etc._, _fut. ind. of_ =salir=.

=salga=, =salgas=, _etc._, _pres. subj. of_ =salir=.

=salgo=, =sales=, _etc._, _pres. ind. of_ =salir=.

=salida=, _f._, exit, way out.

=salir=, to come out (_or_ forth), go out, get out, start, rise (_of the

sun, etc._); =salir á la calle=, to go out on the street; =salir al

paso=, to come out to meet; =salir de=, to come (_or_ go) out of, leave.

=Salitre=, _m._ (_prop. noun: lit._, saltpeter).

=salón=, _m._, (large) room, drawing-room, reception room; =salón del

Prado=, a part of the Prado avenue (_where there are many benches and

chairs, and where one may watch the fountains play or listen to the

music_).

=salpicar=, to spatter, sprinkle; =salpicar sus palabras con fuertes

interjecciones=, to intersperse strong interjections in one's words.

=saltadero=, _m._, coop.

=saltar=, to leap (over), jump, hop.

=salto=, _m._, jump, leap; =de dos saltos=, with two leaps.

=salud=, _f._, health.

=saludar=, to salute.

=salutación=, _f._, salutation.

=salvación=, _f._, salvation, cure.

=salvador=, _m._, savior.

=Salvador=, _m._ (_a proper noun_).

=salvaje=, savage.

=salvajemente=, savagely.

=salvar=, to save, pass over.

=salvo -a=, safe.

=San=: _see_ =santo=.

=sangre=, _f._, blood; =sangre fría=, composure, coolness.

=San Juan de Alfarache=, _m._ (_prop. noun_), Saint John of Alfarache.

=sano -a=, sound, healthy; =sano y salvo=, safe and sound.

=Santiago=, _m._ (_prop. noun: lit._, Saint James), James.

=santo -a=, holy, blessed, saint.

=santuario=, _m._, sanctuary (_that part of a Christian church in which

the altar is placed_).

=saque=, =-es=, _etc._, _pres. subj. of_ =sacar=.

=saqueo=, _m._, pillage, plunder.

=sarmiento=, _m._, runner, shoot.

=sarraceno -a=, Saracen, Mohammedan.

=sarta=, _f._, string (_of beads, pearls, etc._).

=sartén=, _f._, frying-pan.

=Satanás=, _m._, Satan.

=satisfacción=, _f._, satisfaction.

=satisfacer=, to satisfy.

=satisfecho -a= (_past part. of_ =satisfacer=), satisfied.

=sauce=, _m._, willow.

=sazón=, _f._, season; =á la sazón=, at that time.

=se=, himself, herself, itself, yourself; themselves, yourselves; to

himself, to herself, _etc._; each other, one another.

=se= = =le= _or_ =les=, _in_ =se le=, =se la=, =se lo=, =se los=, =se

las=.

=sé=, _imperat. of_ =ser=.

=sé=, =sabes=, _etc._, _pres. ind. of_ =saber=.

=sea=, =seas=, _etc._, _pres. subj. of_ =ser=.

=secano -a=, not irrigated, dry.

=secar=, to dry.

=seco -a=, dry.

=secreto -a=, secret.

=secundar=, to second, aid.

=sed=, _f._, thirst; =tener sed=, to be thirsty.

=seda=, _f._, silk.

=sedería=, _f._, silks.

=sedoso -a=, silken, glossy.

=seducir=, to seduce.

=Segovia=, _f._ (_prop. noun_).

=seguida: en seguida, de seguida=, immediately, next.

=seguir= (i), to follow, continue, go on, follow up, carry out; =seguido

de=, followed by.

=según=, according to, as.

=segundo=, _m._, second.

=segundo -a=, second.

=seguramente=, certainly, surely.

=seguridad=, _f._, certainty, positiveness.

=seguro -a=, sure, secure, accurate; =de seguro=, surely, certainly.

=seis=, six.

=selva=, _f._, forest.

=sello=, _m._, seal, stamp, mark.

=semana=, _f._, week.

=semblante=, _m._, countenance, face.

=semejante=, like, such a; =semejante á=, like, similar to.

=semilla=, _f._, seed.

=sencillez=, _f._, simplicity.

=sencillo -a=, simple, plain.

=seno=, _m._, bosom, lap.

=sensibilidad=, _f._, feeling, sensitiveness.

=sensible=, sensitive, sensible.

=sentado -a= (_past part. of_ =sentar=), seated, sitting.

=sentar= (=ie=), to set, seat, become, fit; =sentarse=, to sit, sit

down, sit up.

=sentencia=, _f._, judgment, sentence.

=sentido=, _m._, sense; =buen sentido=, common sense.

=sentir= (=ie=), to feel, hear, regret.

=seña=, _f._, sign.

=señal=, _f._, sign.

=señalar=, to mark, point out.

=señor, -ora=, _m. and f._, lord, master, gentleman, sir, Mr.; lady,

mistress, madam, Mrs.; =los señores=, the master and mistress, Mr. and

Mrs.; =el Señor=, the Lord; =Nuestra Señora=, Our Lady (_the Virgin

Mary_).

=señorito -a=, _m, and f_. (_dim. of_ =señor=), young gentleman, Master;

young lady, Miss.

=seó=, _colloquial form of_ =señor=; =seó guapo=, my good fellow.

=sepa, sepas=, _etc._, _pres. subj. of_ =saber=.

=separar(se)=, to separate; =separarse= (=de=), to leave.

=septiembre=, _m._, September.

=séptimo -a=, seventh.

=sepulcral=, sepulchral.

=sepulcro=, _m._, grave, sepulchre.

=sepultura=, _f._, burial, grave; =comprar sepultura=, to buy a burial

right (_for a definite number of years, or in perpetuity_).

=seque, -es, -e=, _etc._, _pres. subj. of_ =secar=.

=ser=, _m._, being.

=ser=, to be; =¿qué será de mí?= what will become of me?; =soy de=, I

belong to; =soy yo, yo soy=, it is I; =á no ser que=, unless; =ó sea=,

or rather.

=Serafina=, _f._ (_prop. noun_), Seraph.

=sereno -a=, serene, composed, clear.

=serie=, _f._, series.

=serio -a=, serious.

=sermón=, _m._, sermon.

=serpiente=, _f._, serpent.

=servicio=, _m._, (domestic) service.

=servidor, -ora=, _m. and f_., servant.

=servir= (i), to serve; =servir de=, to serve as; =no sirve para nada=,

he is good for nothing.

=sesenta=, sixty.

=Sevilla=, _f._ (_prop. noun_), Seville (_capital of the province of

Seville, in Andalusia; on the Guadalquivir river, 75 miles below

Cordova; population, about 150,000_).

=si=, if, although, whether, indeed, why; =sobre si=, as to whether.

=sí=, himself, herself, itself, yourself; themselves, yourselves; each

other, one another; =de por sí=, of its own accord.

=sí=, yes, indeed.

=siempre=, always, ever, still; =como siempre=, as usual; lo =de

siempre=, the usual occurrence, the same thing; =para siempre=, for

ever.

=sien=, _f._, temple.

=siendo=, _pres. part. of_ =ser=.

=siento, -as, -a=, _etc._, _pres. ind. of_ =sentar=.

=siento, -es, -e=, _etc., pres. ind. of_ =sentir=.

=sierra=, _f._, saw, mountain range.

=siete=, seven.

=sigilo=, _m._, secrecy, stealth; =con sigilo=, stealthily, cautiously.

=siglo=, _m._, century, age.

=significar=, to mean, signify.

=sigo, sigues, -e=, _etc._, _pres. ind. of_ =seguir=.

=sigue=, _imperat., and pres. ind., 3^{d} pers. sing., of_ =seguir=.

=siguiendo=, _pres. part. of_ =seguir=.

=siguiente=, following.

=siguió=, _pret. ind., 3^{d} pers. sing., of_ =seguir=.

=silbar=, to whistle.

=silbido=, _m._, whistling, hissing, hooting.

=silbo=, _m._, hiss.

=silencio=, _m._, silence.

=silencioso -a=, quiet, silent.

=silueta=, _f._, form, outline, silhouette.

=silla=, _f._, chair, saddle.

=sillería=, _f._, hewn stones (_placed one above the other_).

=simetría=, _f._, symmetry.

=Simón=, _m._ (_prop. noun_), Simón.

=simpatía=, _f._, fellow-feeling, sympathy.

=simpático -a=, congenial, pleasing.

=simple=, simple.

=sin=, without; =sin que=, without, unless.

=sinceridad=, _f._, sincerity.

=Sinforoso=, _m._ (_prop. noun_).

=singular=, odd, peculiar, singular.

=singularmente=, unusually, singularly.

=sino=, but; =no...sino=, only.

=sintió=, _pret. ind., 3^{d} pers. sing., of_ =sentir=.

=siquiera=, at least, even; =ni siquiera=, not even, nor even.

=sirviente -a=, _m. and f_., servant.

=sirvo, -es, -e=, _etc., pres. ind. of_ =servir=.

=sitio=, _m._, place, room.

=situación=, _f._, situation.

=situar=, to situate.

=soberano -a=, sovereign.

=soberbio -a=, superb, splendid, arrogant.

=sobrado -a= (_past part. of_ =sobrar=), too great.

=sobre=, upon, over, above, more than, concerning.

=sobrehumano -a=, superhuman.

=sobrenatural=, supernatural.

=sobrenombre=, _m._, nickname.

=sobresalir=, to excel.

=sobrevenir= (=para=), to fall (upon).

=sobrino -a=, _m. and f_., nephew, niece; =sobrinos=, _m. plur_.,

nephews and nieces.

=socarrón=, -=ona=, cunning, sly.

=sociabilidad=, _f._, sociableness.

=socorro=, _m._, help, relief, succor; =casa de socorro=, emergency

hospital.

=sofocante=, suffocating, oppressive.

=sofocar=, to choke, suffocate; =con sofocado acento=, in a choked

voice.

=sol=, _m._, sun; =al sol=, in the sun; =con sol=, sunny, bright.

=solamente=, only.

=solazarse=, to enjoy one's self, take solace.

=soldada=, _f._, wage.

=soldado=, _m._, soldier.

=soledad=, _f._, solitude, loneliness.

=solemnemente=, solemnly.

=solemnizar=, to solemnize, celebrate.

=soler= (=ue=), to be accustomed (_or_ used) to; =suele hacerlo=, he

usually does so.

=solícito -a=, diligent, solicitous.

=solitario -a=, alone, lonely, solitary.

=solo -a=, alone, single, deserted; =á solas=, alone, when alone.

=sólo=, only, merely.

=soltar= (=ue=), to let go (of), throw down, drop, utter; =soltarse=, to

get away.

=sollozar=, to sob; =romper á sollozar=, to break out sobbing.

=sollozo=, _m._, sob, cry.

=sombra=, _f._, shade, shadow; =á la sombra=, in the shade.

=sombrerera=, _f._, hat box.

=sombrerillo=, _m._ (_dim. of_ =sombrero=), little hat.

=sombrero=, _m._, hat; =sombrero de paja=, straw hat.

=sombrío -a=, gloomy, sombre, dark.

=someterse=, to submit.

=son=, _m._, sound; =en son de=, as a sign of.

=sonar= (=ue=), to sound, ring.

=sonido=, _m._, sound.

=sonreir(se)=, to smile.

=sonriendo=, _pres. part. of_ =sonreir=.

=sonrió=, _pret. ind., 3^{d} pers. sing., of_ =sonreir=.

=sonrisa=, _f._, smile.

=soñar= (=ue=), to dream, dream of; =soñar con= (_or_ =en=), to dream

of.

=soñoliento -a=, sleepy.

=sopa=, _f._, soup; =sopas de ajo=, garlic soup (_a soup flavored with

garlic fried in olive oil_).

=soplo=, _m._, breath, wave.

=soportar=, to endure, support.

=sordo -a=, deaf, low (_voice_).

=sorna=, _f._, slyness, malice; =con sorna=, slyly, maliciously.

=sorprendente=, surprising.

=sorprender=, to take by surprise, surprise.

=sorpresa=, _f._, surprise.

=sorpresita=, _f._ (_dim. of_ =sorpresa=), little surprise, little gift.

=sorteo=, _m._, drawing.

=sospechar=, to suspect; =sospechar si=, to suspect that, wonder

whether.

=sostén=, _m._, mainstay, support.

=sostener=, to support, maintain, keep.

=soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son=, _pres. ind. of_ =ser=.

=su=, his, her, its, their, your.

=suave=, soft, gentle.

=suavemente=, softly, dimly.

=suavizar=, to soften.

=subido -a= (_past part. of_ =subir=), raised, high; =subido precio=,

high price.

=subir=, to rise, go up, get up, increase, bring up, carry up;

=subirse=, to go up, get up; =subirse á la cabeza=, to go to one's head;

=subir(se) á un coche=, to get into a carriage; =subir de punto=, to

increase greatly.

=sublevarse=, to become excited, rebel.

=sublime=, sublime.

=substancia=, _f._, substance.

=substancioso -a=, substantial.

=substantivo=, _m._, substantive, noun.

=suceder=, to happen, result.

=suceso=, _m._, happening, occurrence, event.

=sucio -a=, dirty.

=sucursal=, _f._, branch (_shop, store, etc_.).

=sudario=, _m._, winding sheet.

=sudor=, _m._, sweat, perspiration.

=suelo=, _m._, ground, floor; =por el suelo=, on the ground.

=suelto -a=, loose, single; =dormir á pierna suelta=, to sleep soundly.

=suelto, -as, -a=, _etc., pres. ind. of_ =soltar=.

=sueño=, _m._, sleep, sleepiness, dream; =tener sueño=, to be sleepy.

=suerte=, _f._, luck, lot, fate; =de= =esta suerte=, in this way; =de

tal suerte=, to such an extent; =de (tal) suerte que=, so that.

=suficiente=, sufficient, enough.

=sufrir=, to suffer, endure.

=sujetar=, to hold fast, fasten.

=sujeto -a=, fastened, fixed.

=sumamente=, exceedingly.

=sumergir=, to sink, submerge.

=sumir=, to sink, plunge.

=sumo -a=, exceeding, very great.

=suntuosamente=, sumptuously.

=suntuoso -a=, luxurious, sumptious.

=supe, supiste, supo=, _etc., pret. ind. of_ =saber=.

=superficie=, _f._, surface.

=superior=, upper, superior.

=supersticioso -a=, supersticious.

=súplica=, _f._, petition, supplication.

=suplicante=, supplicating, entreating.

=suplicar=, to beg, entreat, supplicate.

=suponer=, to suppose.

=supradicho -a=, aforesaid, above.

=supremo -a=, highest, supreme.

=supuesto -a= (_past part. of_ =suponer=), supposed; =por supuesto=, of

course; =supuesto que=, granting that, since.

=sur=, _m._, south.

=surcar=, to furrow, travel on; =surcado -a=, much-traveled.

=suspender=, to stop, suspend.

=suspirar=, to sigh.

=suspiro=, m., sigh.

=sustento=, _m._, food, sustenance.

=susto=, _m._, fright, scare; =dar un susto=, to scare, frighten.

=susurrar=, to whisper, rustle.

=suyo -a=, his; her, hers; its; their, theirs; your, yours; los suyos,

his (_or_ her, _etc_.) men.

T

=taberna=, _f._, tavern; =poner taberna=, to set up a tavern.

=tabernáculo=, _m._, tabernacle (_sanctuary or chapel in which some holy

or precious thing is kept_).

=tabernero -a=, _m. and f._, tavern-keeper.

=tabique=, _m._, partition-wall (_sometimes rising only part way to the

ceiling_).

=taco=, _m._, plug, piece.

=tajada=, _f._, slice (_of meat, or other solid food_); =alguna tajada=,

some solid food.

=Tajo=, _m._ (_prop. noun_), Tagus (_the largest river of the Spanish

peninsula; it rises east of Madrid, and flows in a southwesterly

direction through Spain and Portugal_).

=tal=, such, such a, this; =el tal=, the said; =un tal=, a certain; =con

tal que, con tal de que=, provided that; =tal vez=, perhaps.

=talante=, _m._, humor.

=talonario=: =libro talonario=, stub-book (_book containing the stubs of

checks, receipts, etc._).

=tallar=, to carve.

=talle=, _m._, waist.

=tallo=, _m._, stem.

=tamaño=, _m._, size.

=también=, also.

=tampoco=, neither, nor; =no ... tampoco=, not ... either; =ni ...

tampoco=, nor ... either; =tampoco yo=, nor I either.

=tan=, so, as, such.

=tanto -a=, as much (many), so much (many); =un tanto=, somewhat; =entre

tanto=, =mientras tanto=, in the meanwhile; =en tanto que=, while; =por

lo tanto=, wherefore, therefore.

=tañedor=, =-ora=, _m. and f._, player.

=tañido=, _m._, sound (_of bell or musical instrument_).

=tapa=, _f._, cover; =tapa de piano=, piano top.

=tapar=, to cover, protect.

=tapia=, _f._, wall (_the_ =tapia= _is a wall of dried mud or clay,

about a garden or yard_).

=tapicería=, _f._, tapestry.

=tapiz=, _m._, tapestry, hangings.

=tapizar de=, to cover with (_as with tapestry_).

=taquilla=, _f._, ticket-office.

=tararear=, to hum.

=tardar=, to delay; =no tardará en hacerlo=, it will not be long before

he does it.

=tarde=, _f._, afternoon, early evening; =por la tarde=, in the

afternoon.

=tarde=, late.

=tarea=, _f._, task.

=taza=, _f._, cup.

=te=, you, thee; to you, to thee; yourself, thyself.

=teatro=, _m._, theater.

=tecla=, _f._, (_piano_) key.

=teclado=, _m._, keyboard.

=techado=, _m._, roof.

=techo=, _m._, ceiling, roof.

=teja=, _f._, tile.

=tela=, _f._, cloth.

=telegrama=, _m._, telegram.

=temblar= (=ie=), to tremble.

=temblón=, =-ona=, trembling, tremulous, shaking.

=temblor=, _m._, trembling.

=tembloroso -a=, tremulous, trembling.

=temer=, to fear.

=temeroso -a=, fearful.

=temible=, dreadful, terrible.

=temor=, _m._, fear.

=temperatura=, _f._, temperature.

=tempestad=, _f._, storm, tempest.

=templo=, _m._, temple, cathedral.

=temporada=, _f._, space of time; =una temporada=, for some time.

=temprano=, early; =mañana temprano=, tomorrow morning; =temprano y con

sol=, bright and early.

=ten=, _imperat. sing. of_ =tener=.

=tenaz=, persistent, tenacious.

=tenazmente=, persistently, tenaciously.

=tender= (=ie=), to stretch out, hold out, spread, direct.

=tendré=, =-ás=, =-á=, _etc._, _fut. ind. of_ =tener=.

=tenedor=, _m._, fork.

=tener=, to have, hold, keep; =tenerse=, to hold, stop; =tener por=, to

consider; =tener razón=, to be right; =tener frío (calor)=, to be cold

(warm); =tengo que hacerlo=, I have to do it, I must do it; =¿qué

tienes?= what is the matter with you?

=tenga=, =-as=, _etc._, _pres. subj. of_ =tener=.

=tengo=, =tienes=, =tiene=, _etc._, _pres. ind. of_ =tener=.

=teniente=, _m._, lieutenant.

=tenor=, _m._, tenor.

=tentar= (=ie=), to try, tempt; =tentado por=, tempted to.

=tenue=, thin, faint.

=teñir= (=i=), to color, dye.

=tercer(o) -a=, third; =tercero de artillería=, third regiment of

artillery.

=tercio=, _m._, third.

=terciopelo=, _m._, velvet.

=Teresa=, _f._ (_prop. noun_), Theresa.

=terminar=, to finish, end, terminate.

=término=, _m._, end, term, word.

=terno=, _m._, oath.

=ternura=, _f._, tenderness, affection.

=terquedad=, _f._, stubbornness, obstinacy.

=terraplén=, _m._, terrace.

=terreno=, _m._, ground, region.

=terrestre=, earthly, terrestrial.

=terrible=, terrible.

=terror=, _m._, terror.

=terso -a=, smooth, polished.

=tesoro=, _m._, treasure.

=testamento=, _m._, will.

=testero=, _m._, head, front (_of a house, etc._); =en el testero=, in

front, at the head (_of the room_).

=testimonio=, _m._, testimony.

=tez=, _f._, complexion, color of face.

=ti=, you, thee; yourself, thyself.

=tibio -a=, warm, tepid.

=tiempo=, _m._, time, weather; =al poco tiempo=, in a short time; =á un

tiempo=, at the same time.

=tienda=, _f._, shop, store.

=tienes=, =tiene=: _see_ =tengo=.

=tierno -a=, tender.

=tierra=, _f._, earth, land; =tierra firme=, main-land.

=tiestecillo=, _m._ (_dim. of_ =tiesto=), little flower-pot.

=tiesto=, _m._, flower-pot.

=tiito=, _m._ (_dim. of_ =tío=), dear uncle.

=timbre=, _m._, ring, sound, tone.

=tímidamente=, timidly.

=tímido -a=, timid.

=tinieblas=, _f. plur._, darkness.

=tinte=, _m._, tint; =tintes rojizos=, a reddish color.

=tintero=, _m._, ink-stand; =como tinteros=, as black as ink.

=tinto -a=, red (_wine_).

=tío -a=, _m. and f._, uncle, aunt; =¡tío ladrón!= you old thief!

(_here, as often_, =tío -a= _is a familiar, sometimes contemptuous, term

of address applied to old people. When so used, it is generally

pronounced_ =tió -á=).

=tiple=, _m._, soprano.

=tirano -a=, _m. and f._, tyrant.

=tirar=, to throw, throw away, pull, draw; =tirar de=, to pull (at),

draw.

=tiro=, _m._, throw, shot; =pegar el tiro á=, to shoot.

=tirón=: =de un tirón=, at one stretch.

=título=, _m._, title.

=toca=, _f._, hood.

=tocar=, to touch, play (_a musical instrument_), ring, toll.

=tocino=, _m._, bacon.

=tocón=, _m._, stub.

=todavía=, still, yet.

=todo -a=, all, every, everything; =todo un=, a whole; =con todo=,

withal, however; =del todo=, altogether; =sobre todo=, especially;

=todos los días=, every day.

=toledano -a=, Toledan, of Toledo.

=Toledo= (_prop. noun_), Toledo (_situated near the center of New

Castile_ [=Castilla la Nueva=], _on the river Tagus_ [=Tajo=];

_population, about 25,000; the capital of Spain in the time of the Roman

empire and the West-Gothic rule, and capital of Castile until superseded

by Madrid in the sixteenth century_).

=tolerancia=, _f._, indulgence, toleration.

=tolerante=, indulgent, tolerant.

=tomar=, to take, take on; =¡toma!= take it! here! well!; =tomar la

puerta=, to pass through the gate.

=Tomás=, _m._ (_prop. noun_), Thomas.

=tomate=, _m._, tomato.

=tonada=, _f._, song; =tonada de la nana=, lullaby song.

=tono=, _m._, tone, tone of voice.

=tontería=, _f._, nonsense.

=tonto -a=, _m. and f._, fool.

=tonto -a=, foolish, silly.

=tontuna=, _f._, foolishness.

=Tony= (_prop. noun_).

=toque=, _m._, stroke, ringing (_of the bell_).

=toque=, =-es=, =-e=, _etc._, _pres. subj. of_ =tocar=.

=tordo -a=, dapple-gray.

=tormento=, _m._, torment; =dar tormento á=, to torture.

=tornar(se)=, to return, restore; =tornar á hacer una cosa=, to do a

thing again.

=torno=: =en torno de=, about; =en torno suyo=, about him (her, _etc._).

=toro=, _m._, bull; =toros=, bullfights.

=torpe=, stupid.

=torre=, _f._, tower.

=torrente=, _m._, torrent.

=Torres-Nobles= (_prop. noun: lit._, Noble Towers).

=torta=, _f._, cake (_small and round_).

=totalmente=, completely, totally.

=trabajador=, =-ora=, _m. and f._, workman, working woman.

=trabajar=, to work.

=trabajo=, _m._, work, trial.

=tradición=, _f._, tradition, legend.

=traer=, to bring, bring back, carry, keep.

=traficar=, to trade.

=tráfico=, _m._, trade, traffic.

=trágico -a=, tragic.

=trago=, _m._, drink, draught.

=traiga=, =traigas=, _etc._, _pres. subj. of_ =traer=.

=traigo=, =traes=, _etc._, _pres. ind. of_ =traer=.

=traje=, _m._, clothes, suit of clothes, gown.

=traje=, =-iste=, =-o=, _etc._, _pret. ind. of_ =traer=.

=trampa=, _f._, trap.

=tranquilamente=, calmly, coolly.

=tranquilidad=, _f._, calmness, tranquillity.

=tranquilizar=, to calm, pacify, tranquilize.

=tranquilo -a=, quiet, tranquil.

=transeunte=, _m. and f._, passer-by.

=tránsito=, _m._, passage, way.

=transparente=, transparent.

=transponer=, to transfer, carry back, sink behind.

=trapero -a=, _m. and f._, ragpicker.

=tras=, after, behind.

=trasegar (ie) á=, to pour into.

=trasero -a=, hind; =cuarto trasero=, hind quarters.

=trasluz=: =mirar al trasluz=, to hold between one and the light.

=trasplantar=, to transplant.

=trasunto=, _m._, likeness.

=tratante=, _m._, dealer.

=tratar=, to treat, conduct; =tratar (de)=, to try (to); =tratarse=, to

have social relations with each other; =tratarse (de)=, to discuss, be

the question.

=trato=, _m._, deal.

=través=: =á través (de)=, through.

=travesura=, _f._, cunning.

=travieso -a=, mischievous.

=trayendo=, _pres. part. of_ =traer=.

=traza=, _f._, appearance; =trazas=, _plur._, the appearance.

=trece=, thirteen.

=treinta=, thirty.

=tremendo -a=, fearful, awful.

=tremolarse=, to wave.

=trémulo -a=, tremulous.

=tren=, _m._, train.

=trenza=, _f._, tress, braid.

=trepar por=, to climb up.

=tres=, three.

=trescientos -as=, three hundred.

=trigo=, _m._, wheat, grain.

=trimestre=, _m._, three months.

=trinar=, to trill, warble.

=trino=, _m._, trill, warbling.

=triste=, sad, mournful, gloomy, dull.

=tristemente=, sadly.

=tristeza=, _f._, sadness, sorrow.

=tristísimo -a= (_from_ =triste=), very sad.

=triunfo=, _m._, triumph.

=trompeta=, _f._, trumpet; _m._, trumpeter, bugler.

=trompetear=, to announce (_as with a trumpet-call_).

=tronco=, _m._, trunk.

=tronchar=, to cut off, break off.

=tropel=, _m._, confusion, crowd; =en gran tropel=, tumultuously.

=tropezar= (=ie=), to stumble; =tropezar con=, to stumble against,

happen to come to, meet, find.

=tropezón=, _m._, stumble, slip; =fingir un tropezón=, to pretend that

he stumbled.

=trozo=, _m._, piece, fragment, snatch.

=trucha=, _f._, trout.

=tu=, your, thy.

=tú=, you, thou.

=tumba=, _f._, tomb.

=tumbaga=, _f._, tombac-ring (_the_ =tumbaga= _metal is an alloy of

gold, silver and copper. It is believed by some that a tombac-ring, by

breaking, will warn its wearer of coming danger_).

=tumbarse=, to throw one's self down.

=tumbo=, _m._, rocking, rocking wave.

=tunante=, _m._, rascal.

=tuno -a=, _m. and f._, rogue.

=tupido -a= (_past part. of_ =tupir=), dense, thick.

=turba=, _f._, crowd, throng.

=turbante=, _m._, turban.

=turbar=, to disturb.

=turbulento -a=, tumultuous, noisy, turbulent.

=turista=, _m. and f._, tourist.

=tutear=, to address (_a person_) with =tú=, speak familiarly.

=tuve=, =-iste=, =-o=, _etc._, _pret. ind. of_ =tener=.

=tuyo -a=, your, yours; thy, thine.

U

=ú=, or (_used before initial_ o).

=Ud. = usted=; =Uds. = ustedes=.

=ufano -a=, proud.

=Ulises=, _m._ (_prop. noun_), Ulysses.

=últimamente=, recently, lately.

=último -a=, last; =por último=, finally.

=umbral=, _m._, threshold.

=un=, =una=, a, an; =unos=, some; =unos cuantos=, a few; =unos á otros=,

from one to the other, to one another.

=unánime=, unanimous, with one voice.

=únicamente=, only, merely.

=único -a=, only; =lo único=, the only thing, all.

=uniforme=, uniform, unceasing.

=unir=, to unite, connect, bring (_or_ hold) together.

=universo=, _m._, universe.

=un(o)=, =-na=, one; =uno y otro=, each (one), both; =ciento por uno=, a

hundred fold.

=uña=, _f._, nail (_of finger or toe_), claw.

=usar=, to use; =usar de=, to make use of.

=uso=, _m._, use; =al uso=, after the fashion.

=usted= (_plur._, =ustedes=), you.

=usura=, _f._, interest, usury.

=utilizar=, to make use of, utilize.

=uva=, _f._, grape.

V

=v= (=ve=), _f._, the letter _v_.

=V. = usted=; =VV. = ustedes=.

=va=, =vas=: _see_ =voy=.

=vaca=, _f._, cow, beef.

=vacilar=, to hesitate, vacillate.

=vacío -a=, empty.

=vagamente=, vaguely.

=vago -a=, vague.

=vagón=, _m._, (railway) coach.

=vajilla=, _f._, table-ware, dishes.

=valdré=, =-ás=, =-á=, _etc._, _fut. ind. of_ =valer=.

=Valencia=, _f._ (_prop. noun: city on the eastern coast of Spain;

population, about 225,000_).

=valer=, to be worth, win.

=valeroso -a=, brave, valorous.

=Val-frío=, _m._ (_prop. noun: lit._, cold valley).

=valga=, =-as=, _etc._, _pres. subj. of_ =valer=.

=valgo=, =vales=, _etc._, _pres. ind. of_ =valer=.

=valiente=, brave, valiant.

=valija=, _f._, bag.

=valor=, _m._, value, courage.

=valsar=, to waltz.

=valle=, _m._, valley.

=vamos=, =vámonos=: _see_ =ir=.

=vanguardia=, _f._, vanguard.

=vanidad=, _f._, vanity.

=vanidoso -a=, vain.

=vano -a=, vain.

=vapor=, _m._, steam, steamboat.

=vaquero=, _m._, cowboy; _adj._, of a cowboy; =estribo vaquero=,

cowboy-stirrup.

=vara=, _f._, yard. (_the_ =vara= = _about 32.9 inches_).

=varios -as=, various, several.

=varonil=, masculine.

=vaso=, _m._, glass.

=vasto -a=, vast.

=vaya=, =vayas=, _etc._, _pres. subj. of_ =ir=.

=Vd. = usted=; =Vds. = ustedes=.

=ve=, _imperat. of_ =ir=.

=vecino -a=, _m. and f._, neighbor, resident.

=vecino -a=, neighboring; =vecino de=, near.

=vehemencia=, _f._, vehemence.

=vehementísimo -a=, most vehement.

=veinte=, twenty.

=veinticinco = veinte y cinco=, twenty-five.

=vela=, _f._, candle, sail; =hacerse á la vela=, to set sail.

=velar=, to remain awake, to watch (over); =velar por=, to watch over.

=velo=, _m._, veil.

=veloz=, swift.

=velozmente=, swiftly.

=ven=, _imperat. of_ =venir=.

=vena=, _f._, vein.

=vencer=, to overcome, conquer; =darse por vencido=, to give up.

=vendaval=, _m._, sea-wind.

=vendedor=, =-ora=, _m. and f._, seller, vender.

=vender=, to sell; =vender en=, to sell for.

=vendré=, =vendrás=, _etc._, _fut. ind. of_ =venir=.

=venenoso -a=, poisonous, venomous.

=venerar=, to worship, venerate.

=venga=, =vengas=, _etc._, _pres. subj. of_ =venir=.

=vengo=, =vienes=, =-e=, _etc._, _pres. ind. of_ =venir=.

=venir=, to come, be (_with a participle or adjective_).

=venta=, _f._, sale; =de venta=, =á la venta=, on sale, for sale.

=ventana=, _f._, window.

=ventorrillo=, _m._ (_dim. of_ =ventorro=), small tavern, wineshop.

=ventrudo -a=, big (_lit._, bigbellied).

=ventura=, _f._, happiness, good fortune.

=ver=, to see, consider; =verse= _is often best translated_ to be _or_

to be found; =á ver=, look here, let us see; =vamos á ver=, let us see;

=está visto=, it is evident.

=verano=, _m._, summer.

=veras=: =de veras=, truly.

=verbo=, _m._, word, verb; =en un verbo=, at once, without delay.

=verdad=, _f._, truth; =¿es verdad?= is it true?; =¿verdad?= _or_ =¿no

es verdad?= is it not true?; =la verdad=, in truth.

=verdadero -a=, true, real.

=verde=, green.

=verdugo=, _m._, executioner.

=verdulero -a=, _m. and f._, market-man (_or_ -woman), green-grocer.

=verdura=, _f._, greenness, verdure; =verduras=, _plur._, fresh

vegetables; =salón de verdura=, green room, room enclosed in foliage.

=vereda=, _f._, path, trail, narrow road (_unpaved_).

=vergüenza=, _f._, shame; =me da vergüenza=, I am ashamed (to), I am

afraid (to).

=verídico -a=, truthful.

=verificar=, to effect, accomplish; =verificarse=, to take place.

=verja=, _f._, railing, grating.

=versecillo=, _m._ (_dim. of_ =verso=), little verse.

=versos=, _m. plur._, verses, poetry.

=verter= (=ie=), to shed.

=vertiginoso -a=, dizzy.

=vértigo=, _m._, dizziness, vertigo.

=vestido=, _m._, gown, clothes.

=vestir= (=i=), to dress, clothe; =vestirse=, to dress (one's self);

=vestir de=, to dress in, wear, dress as.

=vete=, _imperat. of_ =irse=.

=vez=, _f._, turn, time; =á veces=, at times; =á la vez (que)=, at the

same time (as); =alguna vez=, ever; =á su vez=, in his (her, _etc._)

turn; =cada vez más=, more and more; =de vez en cuando=, from time to

time; =dos veces=, twice; =en vez de=, instead of; =muchas veces=,

often; =otra vez=, again; =tal vez=, perhaps; =una vez=, once.

=ví=, =viste=, =vió=, _etc._, _pret. ind. of_ =ver=.

=viajar=, to travel.

=viaje=, _m._, travel, journey, trip; =de viaje=, traveling; =¡buen

viaje!= pleasant journey!

=viajerillo -a=, _m. and f._ (_dim. of_ =viajero=), little traveler,

little passenger.

=viajero -a=, _m. and f._, traveler, passenger.

=vianda=, _f._, food, viand.

=vibrar=, to vibrate.

=Vicente=, _m._ (_prop. noun_), Vincent.

=víctima=, _m. and f._, victim.

=vida=, _f._, life; =dar vida=, to give birth.

=vidriero -a=, of glass, glass.

=vidrio=, _m._, glass; =vidrios=, _plur._, glass (_of a window or

door_).

=viejo -a=, old; =morir de viejo=, to die of old age.

=viendo=, _pres. part. of_ =ver=.

=viene=: _see_ =vengo=.

=viento=, _m._, wind.

=viernes=, _m._, Friday; =Viernes Santo=, Good Friday (_the Friday of

Holy Week, kept in the Roman Catholic Church as a fast, in memory of our

Savior's passion or suffering_).

=vigía=, _m._, keeper, watchman.

=vigilancia=, _f._, watchfulness, vigilance.

=vigilante=, vigilant.

=vigilar=, to watch over.

=vigoroso -a=, vigorous.

=vil=, vile, base.

=villa=, _f._, city (_the_ =villas= _had formerly certain privileges

that were granted to them by the crown_).

=villano -a=, _m. and f._, rustic, boor (_lit._, feudal villain _or_

bondman).

=Villaverde= (_prop. noun: lit._, green town).

=vine=, =-iste=, =-o=, _etc._, _pret. ind. of_ =venir=.

=viniendo=, _pres. part. of_ venir.

=vino=, _m._, wine.

=vió=: _see_ =ví=.

=violencia=, _f._, violence.

=violento -a=, violent.

=violeta=, _f._, violet.

=violín=, _m._, violin.

=virgen=, _f._, virgin; =la Virgen=, the Virgin [Mary].

=viril=, virile, manly.

=virtud=, _f._, virtue.

=virtuoso -a=, virtuous.

=visita=, _f._, visit.

=visitar=, to visit.

=víspera=, _f._, eve, day before; =en vísperas de=, about to, on the

point of.

=vista=, _f._, sight, view, eyes; =á su vista=, before his (her, _etc._)

eyes; =con vistas á=, overlooking, looking out upon; =perder de vista=,

to lose sight of.

=visto=, =-es=, =-e=, _etc._, _pres. ind. of_ =vestir=.

=visto -a=, _past part. of_ =ver=; =está visto=, it is evident.

=vivacidad=, _f._, animation, vivacity.

=vivamente=, quickly, energetically.

=viveza=, _f._, liveliness, energy.

=vívido -a=, bright, vivid.

=vivir= (=de=), to live (on _or_ by); =¡viva!= hurrah (for)! long live!

=vivo -a=, living, lively, quick.

=vocecita=, _f._ (_dim. of_ =voz=), little voice.

=vociferar=, to shout.

=volandas: en volandas=, in the air, as if flying.

=volar= (=ue=), to fly; =volarse=, to fly away.

=voluntad=, _f._, wish, will.

=voluntario -a=, willing, voluntary.

=volver= (=ue=), to turn, return; =volver á hacer alguna cosa=, to do

something again; =volverse=, to turn, turn about, return, become, go.

=voraz=, greedy, voracious.

=vos=, you.

=vosotros -as=, you, ye.

=voy=, =vas=, =va=, _etc._, _pres. ind. of_ =ir=.

=voz=, _f._, voice, word, cry; =á voces=, loudly; =á media voz=, =en voz

baja=, in a low voice.

=vuecencia= (_an abbreviation of_ =vuestra excelencia=), your

excellency.

=vuelo=, _m._, flight; =echar á vuelo=: _see_ =echar=.

=vuelo, -as, -a=, _etc._, _pres. ind. of_ =volar=.

=vuelta=, _f._, turn, return; =á la vuelta=, upon returning, on one's

return; =dar una vuelta=, =dar vueltas=, to stroll about, turn over;

=tomar la vuelta de=, to turn into.

=vuelto -a=, _past part. of_ =volver=.

=vuelvo, -es, -e=, _etc._, _pres. ind. of_ =volver=.

=vuestro -a=, your, yours.

=vulgar=, common, vulgar.

Y

=y=, and.

=ya=, already, presently, now, then, in due time, indeed; =ya, ya=, yes,

indeed; =ya ... ya ...=, now ... now ..., whether ... or ...; =no ya, ya

no=, no longer, no more; =ya que=, since.

=yegua=, _f._, mare.

=yendo=, _pres. part. of_ =ir=.

=yerba=: _see_ =hierba=.

=yerto -a=, rigid, motionless.

=yo=, =I=.

Z

=zahurda=, _f._, hovel.

=zancón, -ona=, long-legged (_bird or beast_).

=zapateta=, _f._ (_from_ =zapato=), leap and slap on the shoe.

=zapato=, _m._, shoe.

=zarpa=, _f._, paw.

=zarpazo=, _m._ (_from_ =zarpa=), stroke with the paw; =à zarpazos=,

with his paws.

=zarzal=, _m._, bramble.

=zorro -a=, _m._ _and_ _f._, fox.

=zumba=, _f._, joke; =en tono de zumba=, jokingly. */