OF SICKNESSES OF HOUNDS AND OF THEIR CORRUPTIONS
The hounds have many divers sicknesses and their greatest sickness is
the rage whereof there be nine manners, of the which I shall tell you
a part. The first is called furious madness. The hounds that be mad of
that madness cry and howl with a loud voice, and not in the way that
they were wont to when they were in health. When they escape they go
everywhere biting both men and women and all that they find before
them. And they have a wonderful perilous biting, for if they bite
anything, with great pain it shall escape thereof if they draw blood,
that it shall go mad whatever thing it be. A token for to know at the
beginning, is this, that they eat not so well as they were wont to,
and they bite the other hounds, making them cheer with the tail[108]
first, smelleth[109] upon them and licketh[110] them and then he
bloweth a great blast with his nose, and then he looketh fiercely, and
beholdeth his own sides and maketh semblant that he had flies about
him, and then he crieth. And when men know such tokens men should take
him from the others until the fourth day, for then men may see the
sickness all clearly, or else that he is not mad for some time. Many
men be beguiled in that way. And if any hound be mad of any of the
nine madnesses he shall never be whole. And their madness cannot last
but nine days[111] but they shall never be whole but dead. That other
manner of madness is known by these signs: In the beginning he doth as
I said before, save that they neither bite man nor beast save only the
hounds, as perilous is his biting as the first, and ever more they go
up and down without any abiding. And this madness is called running
madness. And these two madnesses beforesaid taketh the other hounds
that they be with, though they bite them not. That other madness is
called ragemuet (dumb madness) for they neither bite nor run not, eke
they will not eat for their mouth is somewhat gaping as if they were
enosed[112] in their throat, and so they die, within the term
beforesaid without doing any harm. Some men say that it cometh to them
from a worm[113] that they have under the tongue, and ye should find
but few hounds that hath not a worm under the tongue. And many men say
that if that worm was taken from them they would never go mad, but
thereof I make no affirmation. Nevertheless it is good to take it from
them, and men should take it away in this manner. Men should take the
hound when he is past half a year old and hold fast his fore-feet, and
put a staff athwart his mouth so that he should not bite. And after
take the tongue and ye should find the worm under the tongue, then ye
should slit the tongue underneath and put a needle with a thread
betwixt the worm and tongue and cut and draw the worm out with the
thread _or else with a small pin of wood_. And notwithstanding that
men call it a worm it is but a great vein that hounds have under their
tongue. This madness diseaseth not other hounds, neither man nor other
beast. That other madness is called falling, for when they want to
walk straight they fall now on one side and now on the other side, and
so die within the aforesaid term. This madness stretcheth to no other
hound nor man or beast. That other madness is called flank
madness[114], for they be so sore and tucked up by the middle of the
flanks as though they never ate meat, and pant in their flanks with
much pain, and will not eat, but stoop low with the head and always
look downwards, and when they go they take up their feet high and go
rolling _as a drunken man_. This madness stretcheth to no other hound
nor to any other things, and they die as it is said before. The other
madness is called sleeping madness, for they lie always and make
semblant as if they were asleep, and so they die without meat. This
sickness stretcheth to no other thing. That other madness is called
madness of head. Nevertheless all madnesses are of foolishness of the
head and of the heat of the heart, for their head becometh great and
swelleth fast. They eat no meat and so they die in that madness. This
madness stretcheth to no other thing. And certainly I never saw a
hound that had any of all these madnesses that ever might be healed.
Nevertheless many men think sometime that a hound be mad when it is
not so, and therefore the best proof that any man may do, is to draw
him from the other hounds and assaye him three whole days each one
after the other following, if he will eat flesh or any other thing.
And if he will not eat within three days slay him as a mad hound. The
remedies for men or for beasts that be bitten by mad hounds must need
be done a short time after the biting, for if it were past a whole day
it were hard to undertake to heal him of the two first madnesses
whereof I spake at the beginning, for all the others can do no harm,
and the remedy may be of divers manners. Some goeth to the sea, and
that is but a little help, and maketh nine waves of the sea pass over
him that is so bitten. Some take an old cock and pull all the feathers
from above his vent and hangeth him by the legs and by the wings, and
setteth the cock's vent upon the hole of the biting, and stroketh
along the cock by the neck and by the shoulders because that the
cock's vent should suck all the venom of the biting. And so men do
long upon each of the wounds, and if the wounds be too little they
must be made wider with a barber's lancet. And many men say, but
thereof I make no affirmation, that if the hound were mad, that the
cock shall swell and die, and he that was bitten by the hound shall be
healed. If the cock does not die it is a token that the hound is not
mad. There is another help, for men may make sauce of salt, vinegar
and strong garlic pulled and stamped, and nettles together and as hot
as it may be suffered to lay upon the bite. And this is a good
medicine and a true, for it hath been proved, and every day should it
be laid upon the biting twice, as hot as it can be suffered, until the
time when it be whole, or else by nine days. And yet there is another
medicine better than all the other. Take leeks and strong garlic and
chives and rue and nettles and hack them small with a knife, and then
mingle them with olive oil and vinegar, and boil them together, and
then take all the herbs, also as hot as they may be suffered, and lay
them on the wound every day twice, till the wound be healed, or at
least for nine days. But at the beginning that the wound be closed or
garsed[115] (cupped) for to draw out the venom out of the wound
because that it goeth not to the heart. And if a hound is bit by
another mad hound it is a good thing for to hollow it all about the
biting with a hot iron. The hounds have also another sickness that is
called the mange, that cometh to them because that they be melancholy.
There are four manners of mange, that one is called the quick mange
the which pulleth[116] the hounds and breaketh their skins in many
places, and the skin waxeth great and thick, and this is wonderfully
evil to heal, for though the hounds may be whole it cometh to them
again. Commonly to this mange, this is the best ointment that men may
make thereto. Nevertheless many men would put many others thereto,
first take ye six pounds of honey and a quart of verdigris, and that
the honey be first melted and stirred in the bottom with a ladle, and
then let it cool, and let it boil often with as much of oil of nuts as
of the honey and of water, wherein an herb has been boiled that men
call in Latin Cleoborum, and in other language Valerian, the which
make men sneeze, and put all these things together and mingle them
upon the fire, stir them well and let it be cold, and anoint the hound
by the fire or in the sun. And look that he lick not himself, for it
should do him harm. And unless he be whole at the first time anoint
him from eight days (to eight days)[117] until the time that he be
whole, for certainly he shall be whole. And if he will make any more
of that ointment, take of the things aforesaid in the same wise or
more or less as seemeth to you that need is. That other manner (of)
mange is called flying mange[118], for it is not in all the body but
it cometh more commonly about the hounds' ears, and in their legs than
in any other place of the body[119], as the farcy, and this is the
worst to heal, and the best ointment that any man can make for this
manner of mange is this: take quicksilver for as much as ye will make
ointment, as ye have need, and put it in a dish with spittle of three
or four fasting men, and stir it altogether against the bottom of the
dish with a pot-stick, until the time that the quicksilver be quenched
with the water, and then take ye as much verdigris as of the
quicksilver and mingle it with spittle, always stirring with a
pot-stick, as I have said before, until the time that they can be all
mingled together. And after take old swine's grease without salt, a
great piece, and take away the skin above, and put it in the dish that
I spake of, with the things before said, and mingle and stamp it
altogether a long while, then keep it to anoint the hound there where
he hath the mange and in no other place, and certainly he shall be
whole. This ointment is marvellous and good and true not only for this
thing, but also against the canker and fistula and farcy and other
quick evils, the which have been hard to heal in other beasts. That
other is a common mange when the hounds claw themselves with their
feet and snap with their teeth, and it is on all the body of the
hound. And all manners of mange come to hounds from great travel and
from long hunting, as when they be hot they drink of foul water and
unclean, which corrupteth their bodys, and also when they hunt in evil
places of pricklings of thorns, of briers, or peradventure it raineth
upon them, and they be not well tended afterwards. Then cometh the
scab, and also the scab cometh upon them when they abide in their
kennel too long[120] and goeth not hunting. Or else their litter and
couch is uncleanly kept, or else the straw is not removed and their
water not freshened, and shortly the hounds unclean, I hold, and evil
kept _or long waterless_, have commonly this mange. For the cure of
which take ye the root of an herb that groweth upon houses and walls,
the which is called in Latin iroos[121] (iris) and chop it small and
boil it well in water, and then put thereto as much of oil made of
nuts as of water, and when it is well boiled cast out the herb, and
then take of black pitch and of rosin as much of the one as of the
other, well stamped, and cast it in the water and the oil before said,
and stir it well about on the fire with a pot-stick: and then let it
well grow cold, and anoint the hound as before is said. Sometime
cometh to the hounds sickness in their eyes, for there cometh a web
upon them, and growing flesh which cometh into that one side of the
eye, and is called a nail[122], and so they grow blind unless a man
take care thereof. Some men put about their necks a collar of an elm
tree both of leaves and of bark, and seeth that when that shall be dry
the nail shall fall away, but that is but a little help. But the true
help that may be thereto is this, take ye the juice of a herb that men
call Selidoyn (Celandine)[123] powder of ginger and of pepper, and put
all together thrice in the day within the eye, and let him not claw
nor rub it a long while, and that customarily by nine days until the
time that the hound's eyes be whole, and also it is good to put
therein of the Sousse[124] of the which men find enough at the
apothecary's for the same sickness, and if the nail were so hard grown
and so strong that he might not be healed therewith, take a needle and
bow it in the middle that it be crooked, and take well and subtly the
flesh that is upon the eye with the needle and draw it up on high, and
then cut it with a razor, but take good care that the needle touch not
the eye. These things the smiths can do well[125], for as the nail is
drawn out of a horse's eye, right so it must be drawn out of the
hound's eye, _and without fault he shall be whole_. And also another
sickness cometh into the hound's ears the which cometh out of the
rewme (cold) of the head of the hound, for they claw themselves so
much with the hinder feet that they make much foul things come out
thereof, and so out of her ears cometh much foul things, and some time
thereof they become deaf. Therefore they should take wine luke-warm
and with a cloth wash it well, and clean three or four times in the
day, and when it is washed ye should cast therein oil and camomile
milk, warm, three drops, and suffer him not to claw it nor rub it a
great while, and do so continually until the time that he be whole.
Also hounds have another sickness that cometh to them of the rewme,
that is to say, they have the malemort (glanders) in their nostrils as
horses have, wherefore they can smell nothing nor wind, and at the
last some die thereof, and they take it most when they hunt in snow.
For this sickness boil mastic and incense in small powder in fair
water, and of a thing that men call Ostoraces calamynt[126],
brygella[127] of rue[128] and mint and of sage, and hold the hound's
nose upon the pot's mouth wherein these things should boil so that he
may retain within his nostrils the smoke that cometh thereof out of
the pot. And in this wise serve him a long while, three or four times
every day, until the time that he be whole, and this is good also for
a horse when he hath the glanders strongly coming out of the nose.
Also there is another sickness of hounds, the which cometh to them in
their throats and sometime cometh so to men in such wise that they may
not keep down their meat, and so they must cast it out again. In some
time the sickness is so strong on them, that they can keep nothing
down in their bodies and so die. The best medicine is to let them go
wherever they will, and let them eat all that ever they will. For
sometime the contrary things turneth them to good. And give them to
eat flesh right small cut, and put in broth or in goat's milk a
little, and a little because that they may swallow it down without
labour, and give him not too much at once, that they may digest
better. And also buttered eggs doeth them much good. And sometimes the
hounds hurt themselves in their feet, and in their legs, and in their
breast. And when it is in the joints of their feet that be run out of
their places, the best help that there is is to bring them again into
joint, by such men as can well do it, and then lay upon that place
flax wetted in white of egg, and let them rest until the time that
they be whole. And if there be any broken bones men should knit it
again in the best wise, the one bone against that other and bind it
with flax above as I have said, and with four splints well bound
thereto that one against that other, because that the bone should not
unjoin, and men should remove the bands from four days to four days
all whole. And give them to drink the juice of herbs that are called
consolida major[129] and minor[130], and mix it in broth or in her
meat, and that shall make the bones join together. Also many hounds be
lost by the feet, and if some time they be heated take vinegar and
soot that is within the chimney, and wash his feet therewith until the
time that they be whole, and if the soles of the feet be bruised
because, peradventure, they have run in hard country or among stones,
take water, and small salt therein, and therewith wash their feet, the
same day that they have hunted, and if they have hunted in evil
country among thorns and briars that they be hurt in their legs or in
their feet, wash their legs in sheep's tallow well boiled in wine when
it is cold, and rub them well upward against the hair. The best that
men may do to hounds that they lose not their claws is that they
sojourn not too long, for in long sojourning they lose their claws,
and their feet, and therefore they should be led three times in the
week a-hunting, and at the least twice. If they have sojourned too
much, cut ye a little off the end of their claws with pincers ere they
go hunting, so that they may not break their claws in running. Also
when they be at sojourn, men should lead them out every day a mile or
two upon gravel or upon a right hard path by a river side, so that
their feet may be hard. Hounds also sometimes be chilled as horses
when they have run too long, and come hot in some water, or else when
they come to rest in some cold place, then they go all forenoon and
cannot eat, nor cannot walk well, then should men let blood on the
four legs. From the forelegs in the joints within the leg, from the
hinder legs men should let blood in the veins that goeth overthwart
above the hocks on the other side, and in the hinder legs men may well
see clearly the veins that I speak of, and also in the forelegs, thus
he shall be whole. And give him one day sops or some other thing
comfortable till the morrow or other day. The hounds also have a
sickness in the yerde that men calleth the canker, and many be lost
thereby. Men should take such a hound and hold him fast and upright
and bind his mouth and his four legs also, and then men should take
his yerde backward by the ballocks and put him upward, and another man
shall draw the skin well in manner that the yerde may all come out,
and then a man may take away the canker with his fingers, for if it
were taken away with a knife men might cut him. And then men should
wash it with wine, milk warm, and then put therein honey and salt, so
that the sickness shall not come again, and then put again the yerde
within the skin as it was before, and look every week that the
sickness come not again, and take it always out if aught come thereto
until the time that it be whole. And in the same wise a man should do
to a bitch, if such a sickness were taken in her nature. In this
sickness many hounds and bitches die for default of these cures,
whereof all hunters have not full knowledge. Sometimes the hounds have
a great sickness that they may not piss, and be lost thereby and also
when they may not scombre (dung). Then take ye the root of a cabbage
and put it in olive oil, and put it in his fundament so that ye leave
some of the end without, so much that it may be drawn out when it is
needful. And if he may not be whole thereby make him a clyster as men
do to a man, of mallows, of beets, and of mercury, a handful of each,
and of rue and of incense, and that all these things be boiled in
water and put bran within, and let pass all that water through a
strainer, and thereto put two drachms of agarite[131] and of honey and
of olive oil, and all this together put into his anus and he shall
scombre.
[108] Cherish, "wagging their tayles and seeming to cherish them,"
Turbervile, p. 223. See Appendix: Madness.
[109] It should read "smelleth," as it is in Shirley MS. and in G. de
F., p. 87.
[110] The friendly licking of other dogs has often been noticed as an
early symptom of rabies in a pack of hounds.
[111] Du Fouilloux in his _La Venerie_ (published 1561) copied much
from Gaston de Foix's book, but either he or his editors made the
ridiculous mistake of saying nine _months_ instead of _days_.
Turbervile, who translated, or rather cribbed, Du Fouilloux's book,
has copied this absurd mistake, and says a hound may continue thus
nine months, but not past (p. 222).
[112] Means "a bone in their throat." G. de F. (p. 88): "comme si ils
avoient un os en la gueule." In the Shirley MS. "enosed," _i.e._ "_un
os._" See Appendix: Madness.
[113] See Appendix: Worming.
[114] "Lank madness" in Turbervile, p. 223. Tucked up. G. de F. (p.
88): "cousus parmi les flans" ("the flanks drawn in").
[115] In Shirley MS. "ventoused upon or gersed." G. de F.: "ventouses,
que on appelle coupes," hence "cupped and lanced" would be the proper
meaning.
[116] Makes them lose their hair. G. de F. (p. 90), "et si _poile_ le
chien."
[117] "To viii. days" has been omitted.
[118] Some confusion, which is still common, between eczema from
various causes, and true parasitic mange or scabies.
[119] G. de F. (p. 91) adds: "et est vermeille et saute d'un lieu en
autre."
[120] In the Shirley MS. the words are added: "to(o) hye plyte,"
_i.e._ too high condition. G. de F. (p. 91) adds "gresse."
[121] _Ireos_, Eng. Iris. This word is also constantly recurring in
old household books. Aniseed and orris powder were placed among linen
to preserve it from insects. In Edward IV.'s Wardrobe Accounts we read
of bags of fustian stuffed with anneys and ireos.
[122] _Pterygium_, name for the "sickness" in the eyes of hounds which
our MS. describes as a "web coming upon them." It is called
_pterygium_ from its resemblance to an insect's wing; is an
hypertrophy of the conjunctiva or lining membrane of the eye, due to
irritation; it extends from the inner angle to the cornea, which it
may cover: the treatment is excision. The cure for "the nail"
mentioned in our MS. of hanging a collar of elm leaves round the dog
is taken by G. de F. (p. 92) from Roy Modus xliv., where it is given
without the saving clause "Mès cela est bien petit remède."
[123] _Celandine_, _Chalidonium Majus_, from [Greek: chelidôn], a
swallow. The name was derived from the tradition that swallows used it
to open the eyes of their young or to restore their sight. Has a
yellow flower and an acrid, bitter, orange juice. Internally an
irritant poison. Infusions in wine used by Galen and Bioscorides for
jaundice, probably from the colour of the juice and flowers.
Externally the juice was much used for wounds, ulcers, ophthalmic
cases, and for the removal of warts. The Old French name for this
plant was _herbe d'arondelles_ (_hirondelles_).
[124] Shirley MS. has "foussye," G. de F. (p. 92) "de la poudre de la
tutie," oxide of zinc.
[125] Shirley MS. adds: "that be marshals for horses."
[126] _Estoracis calamita_, G. de F., p. 93. Lavallée appends the
note: "_Storax et Styrax calamita._" Storax, a resin resembling
benzoin, was in high esteem from the time of Pliny to the eighteenth
century. It was obtained from the stem of _Styrax_ _officinalis_, a
native of Greece and the Levant. In our MS. four other ingredients
mentioned by G. de F. have been left out, but the Shirley MS. gives
them: "and oyle of Kamamyle and of Mallyor of aushes and of calamynt,"
_i.e._ oil of camomile, melilot (Meliters), rosemary, thymus calamita,
a species of balm. Possibly this is a mint called _Calaminta nepeta_,
a plant formerly much used in medicine as a gentle stimulant and
tonic. Melilot, a genus of clover-like plants of the natural order of
_Leguminose_.
[127] Mildew. G. de F. (p. 93), Nigella, Nielle.
[128] _Rewe_, Mod. Eng. _rue_, Lat. _ruta_. This herb was in great
repute among the ancients, and is still employed in medicine as a
powerful stimulant.
[129] _Consolida major._ Lavallée in his note (p. 94) translates this
_consoude_, which in English is comfrey, Latin _Symphytum_.
[130] _Consolida minor_ (Lavallée: note, _petit consoude_), Mod. Fr.
_Brunelle_. G. de F. p. 94. Eng. Selfheal. Lat. _Prunella vulgaris_.
It was at one time in repute as a febrifuge.
[131] _Agarys_. G. de F. _d'agret_, probably _agrimony_, Lat.
agrimonia. It is bitter and styptic, and was much valued in domestic
medicine; a decoction of it being used as a gargle and the dried
leaves as a kind of tea, and the root as a vermifuge.
[Illustration: HOW THE HOUNDS WERE LED OUT] (From MS. f. fr. 616,
_Bib. Nat._, Paris)
And then take five corns of spurge[132] and stamp them and temper them
with goat's milk or with broth, and put it in the hound's throat to
the amount of a glassful. And if he may not piss take the leaves of
leeks and of a herb that is called marrubium album[133] and of
modirwort[134] and of peritorie[135] and morsus galline[136] and of
nettles and parsley leaves as much of the one as of the other, and
stamp them with swine's grease therewith, and make a plaster thereof,
and make it a little hot, and lay it upon the hound's yerde and along
his belly, and that which is hard to understand ye shall find at the
apothecary's, the which know well all these things. Also to the hounds
cometh sores, that cometh to them under the throat or in other parts
of the body. Then take ye of the mallows and of the onions and of
white lilies,[137] and cut them small with a knife, and put them in a
ladle of iron and mingle these herbs whereof I speak, and lay them
upon the sores, and that shall make them rise, and when they be risen,
slit them with a sharp knife. And when they be so broken, lay upon
them some good drawing salve, and he be whole. Sometimes the hounds
fight and bite each other, and then they shall take sheep's wool
unwashed, and a little olive oil, and wet the wool in the oil, and lay
it upon the hound's wound, and bind it thereupon, and do so three
days, and then after twice each day anoint it with olive oil, and lay
nothing upon it. And he shall lick it with his tongue and heal
himself.[138] If peradventure in the wound come worms as I have seen
some time, every day ye shall pick them out with a stick, and ye shall
put in the wound the juice of leaves of a peach tree mingled with
quicklime until the time that they be whole. Also it happeneth to many
hounds that they smite the forelegs against the hinder wherefore their
thighs dry[139] and be lost thereby, and then if ye see that it last
them longer than three days that they set not their foot to the earth,
then slit ye the thigh along and athwart within the thigh, crosswise
upon the bone, that is upon the turn bone of the knee behind, and then
put thereupon wool wet in olive oil as before is said, for three whole
days. And then after anoint the wound with oil without binding as I
have said, and he shall heal himself with his tongue. Sometimes a
hound is evil astyfled,[140] so that he shall sometime abide half a
year or more ere he be well, _and if he be not so tended he will never
recover_. Then it needeth that ye let him long sojourn until the time
that he be whole, until he is no longer halting, that is that one
thigh be no greater than the other. And if he may not be all whole, do
to him as men do to a horse that is spauled in the shoulder in front,
draw throughout a cord of horsehair[141] and he shall be whole.
Sometimes an evil befalls in the ballock purse,[142] sometimes from
too long hunting or from long journeys, or from rupture,[143] or
sometimes when bitches be jolly, and they may not come to them at
their ease as they would, and that the humours runneth into the
ballocks, and sometimes when they be smitten upon in hunting or in
other places. To this sickness and to all others in that manner, the
best help is for to make a purse of cloth three or four times double,
and take linseed and put it within, and put it in a pot, and let it
mingle with wien, and let them well boil together, and mix it always
with a stick, and when it is well boiled put it within the purse that
I spoke of, as hot as the hound may suffer it, and put his ballocks in
that purse, and bind it with a band betwixt the thighs above the back,
make well fast the ballocks upwards, and leave a hole in the cloth for
to put out the tail and his anus, and another hole before for the
yerde so that he may scombre and piss and renew that thing once or
twice until the time that he be whole. Also it is a well good thing
for a man or for a horse that hath this sickness.[144]
[132] _Euphorbia resinifera_, common spurge, exudes a very acrid milky
juice which dries into a gum resin. Still used for some plasters.
[133] _Marrubium vulgare._ G. de F. _marrabre blanc_, Eng. white
horehound. It enjoyed a great reputation as a stimulating expectorant
employed in asthma, consumption, and other pulmonary affections.
[134] _Leonurus cardiaca._ G. de F. _Artemise_, Eng. Motherwort, Mod.
Fr. _armoise_. A plant allied to the horehound as a vascular stimulant
and diuretic and a general tonic, employed in dropsy, gout,
rheumatism, and uterine disorders.
[135] _Parietaria._ Eng. Wall pellitory. An old domestic remedy. It
was supposed to be astringent and cooling, and used locally for
inflammation, burns, erysipelas, and internally as a diuretic. It
grows on old walls and heaps of rubbish.
[136] _Morsus gallinus._
[137] _Lilies._ The white lilies here mentioned are probably _Lilium
connalium_ (lilies of the valley). In an old book of recipes I find
them mentioned as an antidote to poison. (_Haus und Land Bib._ 1700.)
They have medicinal qualities, purgative and diuretic in effect. Dried
and powdered they become a sternutatory.
[138] In the Shirley MS. there is added: "the hound tongue beareth
medicine and especially to himself." G. de F. has the same (p. 97).
[139] Wither or dry up.
[140] Inflammation of the stifle joint.
[141] _Seton._ G. de F. (p. 98) says: "une ortie et un sedel de
corde." His word _sedel_ came from the Spanish _sedal_. The English
"seton" comes from _seta_, a hair, because hair was originally
employed as the inserted material.
[142] Testicles.
[143] The following words, which are in Shirley MS. and in G. de F.,
are left out: "some tyme for they more foundeth as an hors."
[144] The Shirley MS. has the following ending to this chapter: "And
God forbid that for (a) little labour or cost of this medicine, man
should see his good kind hound perish, that before hath made him so
many comfortable disports at divers times in hunting," which is not
taken from G. de F.