I
The siege of Plataea had now lasted for more than a year, and the brave
garrison began to be in sore straits, for their supplies were giving
out, and they had no hope of rescue from outside. In this desperate
situation they resolved to make an attempt to break through the
besieging lines, and make their escape to Athens. All were to take part
in the adventure, leaving the Peloponnesians in possession of an empty
town. But when the time came for carrying out this bold design, half of
the garrison drew back, thinking the risk too great. The other half,
numbering about two hundred and twenty, persisted in their purpose, and
forthwith fell to work on their preparations. They began by making
ladders for scaling the enemy's wall; and in order to ascertain the
proper length of the ladders, they counted the courses of bricks in a
part of the wall facing the town, which happened to have been left
unplastered. Many counted the courses together, and by repeating the
process over and over again, and comparing the result, they at last hit
upon the right number. When once this was known, they could easily
calculate the length of their ladders, for the bricks were all of the
same dimensions, and they knew the thickness of a single brick.
The Peloponnesians had built a double line of wall round Plataea, the
two lines being separated by a distance of sixteen feet. The whole of
the space within this double wall was covered by a flat roof, so as to
present the appearance of a single thick wall, with battlements on
either side; and this covered space, which was divided into rooms by
partition-walls, served as barracks for the besiegers. Along the top
were high towers, with intervals of ten battlements between them, and
built flush with the wall on both sides, so as to leave no passage,
except through the middle of the tower. These served as guard-rooms,
where the soldiers on duty took shelter on wet and stormy nights. For
the distance between the towers was very small, and they could rush out
and man the walls at a moment's notice.
The Plataeans omitted no precaution which might secure success for
their hazardous enterprise. Every man understood exactly the part which
he had to play, and knew that his own life, and the lives of his
comrades, depended on his courage and coolness. They had chosen their
time well, for it was now mid-winter. So they waited for a night of
storm and rain, when there was no moon, and sallying forth from the
town crossed the inner ditch, and came up to the inner wall,
unperceived by the enemy; for the noise of their footsteps was drowned
by the roaring of the wind, and they were careful to advance in open
order, so as not to be discovered by the clashing of their arms. The
whole troop was lightly equipped, and they walked with their right foot
unsandalled, to give them a firmer hold on the muddy ground. Choosing
one of the spaces between two towers, they adjusted their ladders, and
began to ascend the wall. The first to mount were twelve picked men,
armed with breastplates and daggers, who as soon as they reached the
top, rushed to the towers, six men to each, and having overpowered the
guard, stood ready to defend the passage. These were followed by
others, armed with javelins, whose shields were handed up to them from
below as they ascended, to enable them to climb the more easily.
Several of this party had got up in safety, when one of those who were
following dislodged a tile as he grasped the battlements. The sound of
the falling tile alarmed the guards in the towers, and soon the whole
besieging force was in a commotion. But being bewildered by the
darkness, and deafened by the tempest which was blowing, they knew not
which way to turn, and remained at their quarters, waiting for orders.
And at the same time the Plataeans left in the town made a feigned
attack on the Peloponnesian wall at the opposite side to divert the
attention of the enemy. In the general confusion thus created the
besiegers were at a loss what to do, and three hundred of their men,
who were kept together for prompt service on any pressing occasion,
took up their station before the outer wall, thinking that the
Athenians had come to relieve the town. Fire-signals were now kindled
by the Peloponnesians, to summon help from Thebes; but the Plataeans
were prepared for this also, and they kindled other beacons which had
been raised for the purpose on their wall, so as to obscure the meaning
of the enemy's signals, and delay the march of the Thebans, until their
own comrades had had time to escape.
The way was thus left clear for the gallant two hundred. Those who led
the party had secured possession of the passages through the towers,
and stood ready to bar the way against all assailants. Others who
followed brought ladders, and planting them at the foot of the towers,
mounted to the top, and kept off the Peloponnesians, when they
attempted to force an entrance, with a shower of javelins. Over the
intervening space now swarmed the main body of the Plataeans; and each
man, as he got over, halted at the edge of the outer ditch, and kept up
a hot fire of javelins and arrows, to cover the retreat of his
comrades, and repel any attack from below. When all the rest had
crossed the wall, those who held the towers began to descend; and this
was the most perilous part of the adventure, especially for those who
came last. All, however, succeeded in joining their comrades by the
ditch, and just at this moment the picked troop of three hundred, who
carried torches, came upon them. But fortune still favoured the
Plataeans; crouching in the deep shadow thrown by the high banks of the
ditch, they plied the enemy, who with their blazing torches afforded an
easy mark, with darts and arrows. And thus, fighting and retreating at
the same time, they made their way gradually across the ditch, but not
without a severe struggle, for the water was swollen by the snow which
had fallen in the night, and covered with rotten ice. Their best friend
was the tempest, which raged with extraordinary violence throughout the
night.
When their last man had crossed, the Plataeans went off at a run in the
direction of Thebes, being assured that no one would expect them to
take the road which led to their worst enemy. And the prudence of this
course soon appeared, for looking back they saw the Peloponnesians
hurrying with lighted torches along the road to Athens. Then after
marching towards Thebes for about a mile, they doubled back, and taking
to the mountains soon reached the friendly territory of Attica. They
received a kind welcome at Athens, where it was found that out of the
original two hundred and twenty, only eight were missing. Seven of
these had lost heart at the last moment, and returned to Plataea, where
they announced that all the rest of the party had been slain. One only,
an archer, was taken prisoner at the outer ditch.
On hearing the report of those who had turned back, the Plataeans
applied for a truce to bury their dead; and when their herald came back
from his useless errand, they learned to their delight that this
gallant enterprise, so ably planned, and so boldly executed, had been
crowned with complete success.