THE BEE-HOUSE.
No one that could afford to purchase bee-boxes, and to construct a
bee-house, or to convert to that use some building already constructed,
would hesitate, I should think, to give them the preference over common
straw-hives and an out-door apiary, whether he looked to ultimate profit
or to present convenience and security.
Perhaps I cannot give a better notion of what I consider as the most
eligible plan of a bee-house, than by describing the construction of my
own. The whole building, besides answering the purpose of an apiary, may
be made subservient to other uses;--my own serves for storing potatoes.
The potatoe-cellar is sunk two thirds of its depth in the earth, and the
bee-house is raised upon it, having a couple of steps up to the door. The
dimensions of both are seven feet six inches by six feet clear within,
which affords room for five colonies.
The piles or stories of bee-boxes are placed in the bee-house at somewhat
less than two feet apart, so as to make the external entrance to each
pile respectively, about a yard asunder.--See the plate which forms the
frontispiece of this work.
On the inside of the bee-house, the boxes in the upper row stand about
table height, those in the lower row, about six inches above the floor.
On the outside, the entrances to the upper row are about five feet,
the entrances to the lower row about three feet from the ground. The
entrances through the wall may be cut in stone, bricks or wood, and
should be chamfered away on the outside, leaving the wall at those parts
as thin as practicable, and letting the opening correspond in size with
the outlets that are sunk in the floor boards to be hereafter described.
The potatoe-cellar is built with bricks, the bee-house of timber, lathed
and plastered within, and thatched on the outside.
Where the bees enter the boxes, two wooden shelves or resting-boards are
fixed, two or three inches thick, to prevent warping; they extend the
whole length of the building, are about a foot wide, and rest on cross
pieces, nailed fast to the uprights with which the bee-house is built:
these cross pieces extend also about fifteen inches into the bee-house,
where they serve as supporters for the shelves on which the bee-boxes are
placed. The resting-boards on the outside are divided, by bricks on the
edge, into several compartments, as shown in the frontispiece; the bricks
extend the full width of the resting board, and all the compartments
are slated over. By this means the entrances are well sheltered, and
accommodation is afforded for the bees, when they are at any time driven
home, by stress of weather, in greater numbers than can readily pass
through the entrances into the boxes; for on the approach of a storm, the
bees will sometimes return home from the fields, in such numbers and with
such precipitation, as almost to block up the entrances into the hives.
The building is not only thatched on the top, but down the sides and
ends, as low as the potatoe-cellar. On that side where the bees enter the
boxes, the thatch of course terminates at the top of the compartments,
over which it is spread out so as to conceal the slate coverings. The
floor of the bee-house is boarded and the potatoe-cellar is ceiled, the
space between the ceiling and the floor above being filled with dry
sawdust. The door may be situated where most convenient; but the window
or windows should be at one end or at both ends, that the light may fall
sideways on the bee-boxes, and should be made to open, as in case of any
of the bees accidentally getting into the bee-house, they may be let out
more conveniently.
It is necessary to have an extra entrance, or rather an extra outlet, for
discharging the bees when the time of deprivation arrives, which will be
hereafter explained. My own outlet is placed in a line with and between
the lower tier of boxes.