from seeds, at the Royal Gardens, Kew, in 1788. It is a handsome growing
shrub, and the plant from which our figure was made had grown to the
height of seven feet; it having been planted in the conservatory of the
Clapham collection, where it flowered, for the first time, this year, in
July, continuing in high beauty near two months. It is a plant of most
difficult increase, rarely that it is to be propagated by cuttings; and
the wood rots, if laid into the earth. A light soil, of sandy peat, and
a small portion of sandy loam, appears most congenial to its growth.
There are hopes, from the perfect state of the cones, that ripe seeds
may be procured in this country.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCLIX.
GERANIUM PILOSUM.
_Hairy Geranium._
CLASS XVI. ORDER IV.
_MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Threads united. Ten Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
MONOGYNA. Stigmata 5. Fructus rostratus, 5-coccus.
ONE POINTAL. Five summits. Fruit furnished with long awns, five dry
berries.
See GERANIUM GRANDIFLORUM. Pl. XII. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Geranium foliis pilosis, pinnatis; foliolis profundè laciniatis, acutis;
umbella 4-6 flora; pedunculis calycibusque pilosis; floribus pentandris;
radice tuberosa.
Geranium with hairy winged leaves; leaflets deeply torn, and sharp
pointed; umbel from 4 to 6 flowers; fool-stalks of the flowers and cups
hairy; flowers with five fertile chives; root tuberous.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement cut open, to shew its tubular character.
2. The Chives and Pointal.
3. The Chives cut open, and magnified.
4. The Pointal, with the five Glands, or Honey-cups, at the base.
5. The same, magnified.
This very pretty Geranium was introduced to the Clapham collection, in
the year 1801, by Mr. Niven, from the Cape of Good Hope. It is as hardy
as any of the family, which have tuberous roots; may be increased by
cutting a portion off the old root, in spring, and giving it the heat of
the hot house, at that season of the year. It rarely produces ripe seed;
so says Mr. Allen the manager of the collection; and he recommends the
planting of it in sandy peat earth.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCLX.
ORNITHOGALUM ODORATUM.
_Sweet-scented Star of Bethlehem._
CLASS VI. ORDER I.
_HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Six Chives. One Pointal.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX nullus.
COROLLA. Petala sex, lanceolata, infra medium erecta, supra medium
patentia, persistentia, colorem demittentia.
STAMINA. Filamenta sex, erecta, alterna basi dilatata, corolla breviora.
Antheræ simplices.
PISTILLUM. Germen angulatum. Stylus subulatus, persistens. Stigma
obtusum.
PERICARPIUM. Capsula subrotunda, angulata, trilocularis, trivalvis.
SEMINA plura, subrotunda.
OBS. Filamenta in aliis plana, erecta, alterna apice trifido, media
lacinia antherarum sustinente; in aliis alterna, simplicia.
EMPALEMENT none.
BLOSSOM. Petals six, lance-shaped, below the middle upright, above the
middle spreading, remaining, losing their colour.
CHIVES. Six threads upright, each alternate one widening at the base,
shorter than the blossom. Tips simple.
POINTAL. Seed-bud angular. Shaft awl-shaped, remaining. Summit blunt.
SEED-VESSEL. Capsule roundish, angular, three-celled, three-valved.
SEEDS many, roundish.
OBS. The threads in some are flat and upright, the alternate ones trifid
at top, the middle segment supporting the tip; in others the alternate
ones are simple.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Ornithogalum racemo elongato; filamentis subulatis; petalis lanceolatis,
obtusis, apice calloso-inflexis; foliis depressis, linearibus, planis.
Star of Bethlehem with the bunch of flowers lengthened; threads
awl-shaped; petals lance-shaped, blunt, thick, and turned inwards at the
point; leaves bent downward, linear, and smooth.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Flower prop.
2. The Chives and Pointal, the petals being removed.
3. The Pointal.
4. The same, magnified.
This species of Star of Bethlehem, from the Cape of Good Hope, is a
rival in fragrance to the great-flowered, or Arabian species, to which
it is much affined in every part but the colour of the blossom; which,
in this, is yellowish, and in that, it is white with a dark eye. It is
rather a delicate bulb; and to make it flower, should be kept in the
hot-house, where, it will blossom about May or June. Our drawing was
made from a plant which had been received, from the Cape, by Mr.
Hibbert, the preceding year, 1800; and we much fear, what has been said
of the great-flowered species, may be considered as referential also to
this; viz. that the bulbs never flower, but the first year after
importation. We have not been able to trace the appearance of a flower,
from any of the bulbs, this year, which has led us to this conjecture;
indeed, many of the species of this genus have this character; more
particularly, those from Africa.
It has flowered at Vienna, and has been figured by Professor Jacquin in
his Ic. Plant. rar. vol. ii. tab. 432.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCLXI.
CAMERARIA LATIFOLIA.
_Bastard Mangeneel._
CLASS V. ORDER I.
_PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Five Chives. One Pointal.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium quinquefidum, acutum, connivens, minimum.
COROLLA monopetala, infundibuliformis; tubus cylindricus, longus, basi
apiceque ventricosus; limbus quinquepartitus, planus; laciniis
lanceolatis, obliquis.
STAMINA. Filamenta quinque, minima, e medio tubi. Antheræ conniventes,
filo longo terminatæ.
PISTILLUM. Germina duo, cum appendicibus ad latera. Stylus cylindricus.
Stigma capitatum, apice acutum, bifidum.
PERICARPIUM. Folliculi duo, horizontaliter reflexi, oblongi, juxta
latera baseos utrinque lobum emittentes, uniloculares, univalves.
SEMINA numerosa, ovata, membranæ majori ovatæ ad basin insertæ,
imbricata.
EMPALEMENT. Cup five-cleft, pointed, converging, very small.
BLOSSOM one-petal, funnel-shaped; tube cylindrical, long, bellied out at
the base and top, border five-parted, flat; segments lance-shaped,
oblique.
CHIVES. Threads five, very small from the middle of the tube. Tips
converging, terminated by a long thread.
POINTAL. Seed-buds two, with lateral appendages. Shaft cylindrical.
Summit headed, pointed at top, and two-cleft.
SEED-VESSEL. Seed-pods two, horizontally reflexed, oblong, sending forth
a lobe each way near the side of the base, one-celled, one-valved.
SEEDS numerous, egg-shaped, inserted on the larger egg-shaped membrane
at the base, tiled.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Cameraria foliis ovatis, nitidis, acuminatis, parallelo-costatis;
floribus corymbosis, terminalibus.
Bastard Mangeneel with egg-shaped leaves, shining, tapered, and ribbed
transversely; flowers grow in broad-topped spikes, terminal.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Flower cut open, magnified, with the Chives in their place.
2. The Cup, magnified.
3. The Pointal and Cup, the summit magnified.
4. One of the Seed-pods, natural size.
The genus Cameraria, seems to have been rather hastily taken up by
Plumier, as a distinct genus from Nerium; for certainly, the small
difference in the shape of the seed-pod, in which consists the whole
distinctive character of this genus, can hardly be thought of sufficient
moment to that end. As we have found it, we leave it; but could not
refrain from the foregoing remark, as it appears so singular, that
amongst so many who have published the plant, not one should have
discovered the surrounding nectary, or honey-cup, to the mouth of the
blossom, and the long threads at the end of the tips; two such very
powerful features, which distinguish Nerium, from all the rest of this
natural order.
It is a native of Jamaica, Cuba, and Domingo; grows to the height of
thirty feet, and is considered as a timber tree in those islands. The
whole plant is full of a milky juice, similar to what is found in most
plants of this natural order. In England, it must be treated as a
hot-house plant; may be increased by cuttings; flowers in August, and
should be planted in rich earth.
Our figure was taken from a plant in the Stepney collection, belonging
to Thos. Evans, Esq.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCLXII.
XERANTHEMUM SPIRALE.
_Spiral-leaved Everlasting-Flower._
CLASS XIX. ORDER II.
_SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA._ Tips united. Superfluous Pointals.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
Receptaculum paleacem. Pappus setaceus. Calyx imbricatus, radiatus;
radio colorato.
Receptacle chaffy. Feather bristly. Empalement tiled, rayed; the ray
coloured.
See XERANTHEMUM SPECIOCISSIMUM, Vol. I. Pl. LI.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Xeranthemum foliis spiraliter-imbricatis carinatis, sub-obliquis;
floribus solitariis, maximis.
Everlasting Flower with spirally-tiled leaves, keeled, rather oblique;
flowers solitary, very large.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. An outer scale of the Empalement.
2. An Hermaphrodite Floret, with the Feather of the Seed.
3. A Female Floret, a little magnified.
4. The Pointal, magnified.
This species of Everlasting Flower is very common near Cape Town; yet,
’till the year 1800, it has never been introduced to Britain. Montague
Burgoyne, Esq. of Mark Hall, Essex, was the first to procure seeds of
it, and it has flowered with him, this year 1802. Our drawing was made
in July, but the flower lasts near three months; it is the largest of
the genus we have as yet seen, and certainly one of the most beautiful.
All the species, from the Cape, are very liable to rot from damps, in
the winter; they should be kept on an airy, dry shelf, as near the glass
as possible, during the foggy months. They, in general, ripen seeds with
us, but are with difficulty increased by cuttings; which should be made
early in spring, planted in pots of sand, and kept quite dry for some
time after they are planted. The grown plants thrive best in a very
sandy peat earth.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCLXIII.
VACCINIUM STAMINIUM.
_Green-wooded Whortle-berry._
CLASS VIII. ORDER I.
_OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Eight Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX superus. Corolla monopetala. Filamenta receptaculo inserta. Bacca
quadrilocularis, polysperma.
CUP superior. Blossom of one petal. Threads fixed to the receptacle. A
berry with four cells and many seeds.
See VACCINIUM ARETOSTAPHYLLOS, Vol. I. Pl. XXX.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Vaccinium foliis oblongo-ovatis, acutis, integerrimis, subtus
subglaucis; pedunculis nudis; antheris exsertis; floribus solitariis;
stamina decem.
Whortle-berry with oblong-oval leaves, pointed, quite entire, and rather
sea-green underneath; fruit-stalks naked; tips without the blossom;
flowers solitary; ten chives.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Flower complete.
2. The Chives and Pointal.
3. The Chives, Pointal, and Seed-bud, magnified.
The species here figured of Whortle-berry, according to the Kew
catalogue, was introduced, first, from North America, to us, by Mr.
William Young, in the year 1770. It is a hardy, deciduous shrub; grows
to the height of three feet; very bushy, with the flowers but thinly
scattered over it; they are white, and deeply cut in the border, which
is rather inclined to spread. It is increased by layers; the berries
seldom ripening in England. A light, sandy peat soil, with a small
portion of loam, is the fittest for its growth; and it acquires a higher
degree of beauty, when sheltered from the scorching rays of the sun, in
summer. Our figure was taken in June, 1801, at the nursery of Messrs.
Lee and Kennedy, from a plant which had been imported in February, the
same year, from Pennsylvania, North America.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCLXIV.
PROTEA GLOMERATA.
_Woolly-headed Protea._
CLASS IV. ORDER I.
_TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Four Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA 4-fida seu 4-petala. Antheræ lineares, insertæ petalis infra
apicem. Calyx proprius nullus. Semina solitaria.
BLOSSOM 4-cleft or 4 petals. Tips linear, inserted into the petals below
the point. Cup proper, none. Seeds solitary.
See PROTEA FORMOSA, Vol. I. Pl. XVII.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Protea foliis bipinnatis, filiformibus; pedunculo communi elongato,
nudo, pedicellis capitulis longioribus; corollis extus lanatis.
Protea with doubly winged leaves, thread-shaped; common foot-stalk
lengthened, naked, partial foot-stalks longer than the heads of flowers;
blossoms woolly without.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Floret, natural size.
2. The Blossom, magnified.
3. The Pointal, natural size, with the summit detached, magnified.
4. A Cone, after the flowers have all fallen off.
In the year 1789, this species of Protea was first raised from seeds;
received at the Hammersmith nursery from Vienna; they having been
collected for the Emperor’s gardens at Schonbrun, and from thence
transmitted to Messrs. Lee and Kennedy. Many plants have since been
raised, in different collections; and our present figure was made, from
a fine specimen, in the Hibbertian collection. It is rather delicate
when young, but not easily destroyed when grown to a foot in height. It
will attain to five or six feet, and makes a very pretty appearance,
when in full flower. It may be propagated by cuttings, but with
difficulty, and must be planted in light yellow loam.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCLXV.
CYRTANTHUS OBLIQUUS.
_Oblique-leaved Cyrtanthus._
CLASS VI. ORDER I.
_HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Six Chives. One Pointal.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Involucrum polyphyllum; foliolis lanceolatis, persistentibus.
COROLLA monopetala, clavata, curva, apice sexfida; laciniis
ovato-oblongis, incurvis, concavis, tribus alternis apice glandulosis.
STAMINA. Filamenta sex, tubo corollæ inserta, erecta, subulata, corolla
dimidio breviora. Antheræ sagitatæ, erectæ, inclusæ.
PISTILLUM. Germen inferum, obtuse-trigonum. Stylus filiformis,
longitudine floris. Stigma obsolete-trifidum.
PERICARPIUM. Capsula subovata, trilocularis, trivalvis.
SEMINA plura, plana, oblonga, incumbentia.
EMPALEMENT. Fence many-leaved; leaflets lance-shaped, remaining.
BLOSSOM one petal, club-shaped, bent, six-cleft at top; segments oblong
egg-shaped, turned inwards and concave, the three outer ones glandular
at the end.
CHIVES. Six threads inserted into the tube of the blossom, upright,
awl-shaped, half the length of the blossom. Tips arrow-shaped, upright,
within the blossom.
POINTAL. Seed-bud beneath, obtusely three-cornered. Shaft thread-shaped,
the length of the flower. Summit obscurely three-cleft.
SEED-VESSEL. Capsule nearly egg-shaped, three-celled, three-valved.
SEEDS many, flat, oblong, lying upon one another.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Cyrtanthus foliis linearibus, obtusis planis, oblique flexis, floribus
pendulis, tricoloratis.
Cyrtanthus with linear, obtuse leaves, flat, and bent obliquely; flowers
hanging down and three-coloured.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. Part of the Bulb, and the leaves of the plant in miniature.
2. A Flower, cut and spread open, with the Chives in their place.
3. The Pointal and Seed-bud, natural size. Summit magnified.
This most beautiful, and rare plant, together with C. angustifolius,
(the other species) were introduced, in the year 1774, to the Kew
Gardens, by Mr. F. Masson, from the Cape of Good Hope. Mons. L’Heritier,
when in England, procured drawings of both species, and figured them in
his Sertum Anglicum, tab. 15 and 16, under the names of Amaryllis
cylindracea, and A. umbrella: but, as we have had formerly occasion to
mention our objections, in following that gentleman in his alterations
of accepted Genera, in this country; we have, in the present instance,
chose rather the authority of Martyn, Curtis, Willdenow, &c. in
preference; who all have followed the Kew Catalogue in the name of this
Genus. It is true, Thunberg, in his Prodromus Plantarum Capensium, P. 1.
p. 59, has it still under the Genus, Crinum; and, as Crinum pendulum,
our present subject, was known for many years. It is a very scarce
plant, and is to be found but in few collections; the increase being
only from the root, and the importation of the bulbs has been but
seldom. The seeds do not come to maturity with us, of this species;
although those of the C. angustifolius are constantly perfected. It must
be treated as a dry stove plant, or kept on a shelf in the hot-house;
should be planted in sandy loam, and have plenty of room in the pot.
Flowers in July and August.
From the choice collection of Joseph Cowper, Esq. of Clapton, we were
obligingly favoured with the plant, from which this figure was taken.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCLXVI.
PLATYLOBIUM OVATUM.
_Oval-leaved Flat-Pea._
CLASS XVII. ORDER IV.
_DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Chives in two Sets. Ten Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX campanulatus, quinquefidus; laciniis duabus supremis maximis,
obtusis. Stamina omnia coalita. Legumen pedicillatum, compressum, dorso
alatum, polyspermum.
CUP bell-shaped, five-cleft; the two upper segments very large and
obtuse. The Chives all united. Pod on a foot-stalk, compressed, winged
along the back, many seeded.
See PLATYLOBIUM SCOLOPENDRUM. Pl. CXCI. Vol. III.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Platylobium foliis ovatis, glaberrimis, distichis; floribus solitariis,
axillaribus; ramis teretibus.
Flat-Pea with egg-shaped leaves, very smooth and pointing opposite ways;
flowers grow solitary from the insertion of the leaves; branches
cylinder-shaped.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement of the Flower.
2. The Standard, or upper petal of the blossom.
3. One of the Wings, or side petals of the same.
4. The two lower Petals, or Keel of the blossom.
5. The Chives, magnified.
6. The Seed-bud, magnified.
This species of Flat-Pea was brought from New South Wales, at the same
time as P. scolopendrum, and P. lanceolatum, to which last it has much
affinity; but, we think, possesses a sufficient number of differing
characters to constitute a distinct species. It has not as yet been
increased, we believe, in Britain; any attempt, to that end, has
hitherto proved abortive; from which circumstance the plants are at
present scarce, and are to be found in few collections. The same
treatment to preserve, and render the plant flourishing, is required for
this, as for the other species. Our Drawing was made in 1801, at the
Nursery of Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, Hammersmith, who first introduced
it.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCLXVII.
JATROPHA PANDURÆFOLIA.
_Fiddle-leaved Physic-Nut._
CLASS XXI. ORDER VIII.
_MONOECIA MONADELPHIA._ Chives and Pointals separate. Threads united.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
_Masculi flores._
CALYX. Perianthium vix manifestum.
COROLLA monopetala infundibuliformis; tubus brevissimus; limbus
quinquepartitus, laciniis subrotundis, patentibus, convexis, subtus
concavis.
STAMINA. Filamenta decem, subulata, in medio approximata, quinque
alterna breviora, erecta, basi connexa. Antheræ subrotundæ, versatiles.
PISTILLUM. Rudimentum debile in fundo floris latet.
_Feminei flores_ in eadem umbella cum Masculis.
CALYX nullus.
COROLLA pentapetala, rosacea.
PISTILLUM. Germen subrotundum, trisulcatum. Styli tres, bifidi. Stigmata
simplicia.
PERICARPIUM. Capsula subrotunda, tricocca, trilocularis; loculis
bivalvibus.
SEMINA solitaria, subrotunda.
_Male flowers._
EMPALEMENT. Cup scarcely perceptible.
BLOSSOM one petal, funnel-shaped; tube very short; border five-parted;
segments roundish, spreading, convex, concave beneath.
CHIVES. Ten threads awl-shaped, close together in the middle, the five
alternate ones shorter, upright, connected at the base. Tips roundish,
versatile.
POINTAL. A weak rudiment lies hid in the bottom of the flower.
_Female flowers_ in the same umbel with the males.
EMPALEMENT none.
BLOSSOM five-petalled, rosaceous.
POINTAL. Seed-bud roundish, three furrowed. Three shafts, two-cleft.
Summits simple.
SEED-VESSEL. Capsule roundish, three-seeded, three celled; cells with
two valves.
SEEDS solitary, roundish.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Jatropha calyculata; foliis panduræformibus, apice acutis, basi
inequaliter acutè-lobatis; floribus atro-coccineis.
Physic-Nut with a flower cup; fiddle-shaped leaves, sharp-pointed at the
end, and unequally sharp-lobed at the base; flowers deep crimson.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Cup and Pointal of a female flower.
2. The Cup and Chives of a male flower.
3. The Pointal and Seed-bud of a female flower, without the cup.
This plant, a native of the Island of Cuba, was imported from thence, by
Mr. J. Fraser, King’s Road, Chelsea, in the year 1801. It is,
unquestionably, as handsome a plant as any at present cultivated in our
hot-houses, and its continuing to produce fresh umbels of flowers,
during at least nine months of the year, renders it, perhaps, the most
desirable. It grows to the height of near three feet, producing but few
branches. The leaves are extremely irregular in their form, and, when
the plant is in a sickly state, the older ones are subject to be
slightly blotched, on the under side. Few tropical plants that thrive
with so little heat, or care; nevertheless, we have not any hopes, of
its ever becoming a proper subject for the green-house; but as yet our
experience on that point will not permit us to decide upon it. It should
be planted in a mixture of leaf mould, rotten dung, and loam; and may be
propagated by cuttings. From a plant at the Hammersmith nursery, ripe
seeds have been procured this year; they have the exact appearance of
the seeds of the lesser Palma Christi, but rather smaller in size and
have the same oily character. Indeed, there is so little difference
between some species of the Genus Ricinus, and Jatropha, that botanists
have been puzzled where to place them. Our drawing was made from a plant
in the collection of the Right Hon. the Marquis of Blandford, White
Knights, Berkshire.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCLXVIII.
GLADIOLUS PLICATUS.
_Plaited-leaved Gladiolus._
CLASS III. ORDER I.
_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA sexpartita, ringens. Stamina adscendentia.
Blossom sixdivided, gaping. Chives ascending.
See GLADIOLUS ROSEUS, Pl. XI. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Gladiolus foliis ensiformibus, plicatis, villosis; corollis regularibus;
spatha trivalvi; scapo laterali.
Gladiolus with sword-shaped leaves, plaited and hairy; blossoms regular;
sheath three-valved; flower-stem lateral.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The three-valved Sheath.
2. A Blossom spread open, to shew the situation and direction of Tips.
3. The Pointal, and Seed-bud, one of the Summits magnified.
The varieties, generally comprehended as such, of this species of
Gladiolus, are extended, in number, beyond any others with which we are,
as yet, acquainted, of this extensive genus. Already, we have drawings
of 22; and many more, certainly, there are, even in this kingdom; but we
shall content ourselves with figuring, in the Bot. Rep. 3 or 4, of the
most curious. One of the varieties of this plant, has been in
cultivation with us since the year 1757, when it was raised by Mr.
Miller from Cape seeds. The one represented in our present figure, was
received, from Holland, in the year 1794, by Messrs. Lee and Kennedy,
Hammersmith; it is one of the hardiest, and surest flowering varieties
of the species; for there are but few of them which blossom freely. The
bulbs should be planted in sandy peat, about October, and taken into the
hot-house, or placed on a hot-bed, in January, to encourage a rapid and
early growth; by which means, they are more frequently induced to throw
out their flower stems the beginning of April, which otherwise, often
prove abortive. The roots should not be removed from the pots, till the
leaves are somewhat decayed.