SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Protea foliis lineari-spathulatis, glabris; capitulis terminalibus;
bracteis multifidis; floribus luteis.
Protea with linearly-spathulate leaves, smooth; heads of flowers
terminate the branches; floral leaves many cleft; flowers yellow.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. One of the floral leaves or scales of the general empalement,
magnified.
2. A flower, magnified.
3. One of the heads of flowers, divested of the scales, or floral
leaves.
4. The Pointal and seed bud, of one of the florets, magnified.
The Protea umbellata has been cultivated in England since the year 1777,
at which time it was first raised from seeds; received from the Cape of
Good Hope by Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, Hammersmith, at whose nursery our
figure was taken in the month of August 1800. It is a very hardy plant,
and not at all subject to the very common fate of its congeners; that
is, to damp in the leaves, or rot at the root in winter; is propagated
by cuttings, to be made in the month of April or May, and treated as
directed for the other Proteas. The plant seldom grows higher than three
feet, and does not make many branches; but is of a lively green colour,
both leaves and stem. We have, as usual, adopted the name this plant is
generally known by, it having been so named by the younger Linnæus in
his Suppl. Plant. 118, and by Thunberg in his Dissertatio de Protea, p.
34, and his Prodromus 26. But why or how a small, close head of flowers
may be denominated an umbel we must confess our ignorance in this
application of terms.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCXLIX.
PITCAIRNIA SULPHUREA.
_Sulphur-coloured Pitcairnia._
CLASS VI. ORDER I.
_HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Six Chives. One Pointal.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium monophyllum, semi-superum, tubulosum, basi
ventricosum, trifidum, persistens; laciniis lanceolatis, erectis.
COROLLA tubulata, calyce duplo longior, marcessens, trifida, demum
tripetala; laciniæ lineari-oblongæ, suberectæ.
STAMINA. Filamenta sex, filiformia. Antheræ oblongæ, erectæ.
PISTILLUM. Germen superum, ovato-triquetrum. Stylus filiformis
longitudine staminum. Stigmata tria, contorta.
PERICARPIUM. Capsula ovatis, obtuse triquetra, trilocularis; loculis
sub-cylindraceis, sub-distinctis.
SEMINA numerosa, alata, linearia.
EMPALEMENT. Cup one leafed, half superior, tubular, swelling at the
base, three-cleft; segments lance-shaped, erect.
BLOSSOM. tubular, twice the length of the cup, withering, three-cleft,
at last three petalled; segments linearly-oblong, nearly upright.
CHIVES. Threads six, thread-shaped. Tips oblong, erect.
POINTAL. Seed-bud above, three-sided-egg-shaped. Shaft thread-shaped the
length of the chives. Summits three, twisted.
SEED-VESSEL. Capsule egg-shaped, bluntly three cornered, three valved;
cells nearly cylindrical, not very distinct.
SEEDS numerous, winged, linear.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Pitcairnia foliis non spinosis, flaccidis, longissimis; corollis
sulphureis.
Pitcairnia with leaves without spines, weak and very long; blossoms
sulphur coloured.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement and floral leaf.
2. One of the Petals shewn from the inside to expose the Honey-cup at
its base.
3. The Chives and Pointal.
4. The Pointal and Seed-bud, the three summits detached and untwisted.
5. The Seed-vessel cut across.
This species of Pitcairnia was sent in the year 1799, from the island of
St. Vincent, by Mr. Anderson, to T. Evans, Esq. Stepney; at whole
gardens the plant has flowered, for the first time, in England this
year, in the month of April, and at which time our figure was taken. The
Pitcairnias are all natives of West India Islands, and stand, as the
link, between the Bromelia or Pine-apple plant, and the Tillandsia; to
either of which Genera the first sight of the leaves, only, would
consign them. Five species are now in Britain, and we do not doubt, but
the species are as numerous, as those of Tillandsia. The cultivation of
all the species is perfectly easy, as they require no particular soil,
or management, if kept in the hot-house; where they grow luxuriantly and
throw out, from the roots, abundance of suckers; which should be taken
off, to encourage the flowering of the central shoot.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCL.
IXIA COLUMNARIS. _Var. grandiflora._
_Columnar-chived Ixia._ _Large flowered Var._
CLASS III. ORDER I.
_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA sex-petala, patens, æqualis. Stigmata tria, erectiusculo-patula.
BLOSSOM six petals, spreading, equal. Summits three, upright-spreading.
See IXIA REFLEXA, Pl. XIV. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Ixia filamentis basi cohærentibus; floribus subcapitatis corollis
purpureo-violaceis, maximis.
Ixia with threads united at the base; flowers grow nearly headed:
blossoms purple violet, very large.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The two valves of the sheath.
2. An intire flower cut open in the tube only, which is extended nearly
to the end of the threads.
3. The Chives cut open, magnified.
4. The Pointal complete, one of the Summits detached and magnified.
5. The Seed-vessel cut across.
We have nothing farther to fay upon this fine variety of the
Columnar-chived Ixia than what has been said on the other varieties of
this species; but, that it was introduced from Holland with the
changeable coloured variety in 1799; and that it flowers the end of
June; in which month our drawing was made, this year, at the Hammersmith
Nursery.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCLI.
LACHENALIA PURPUREO-CÆRULEO.
_Sweet violet-colour’d Lachenalia._
CLASS VI. ORDER I.
_HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Six Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA 6-petala, infera; petalis tribus interioribus longioribus.
STAMINA erecta. Capsula subovata, trialata. Semina globosa.
BLOSSOM 6-petals, beneath; the three inner petals the longest.
CHIVES erect. Capsule nearly egg-shaped, three-winged. Seeds globular.
See LACHENALIA PENDULA. Pl. XLI. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Lachenalia corollis campanulatis, pedunculatis; petalis obtusis,
revolutis; staminibus corolla longioribus; foliis lanceolatis; floribus
purpureo-cæruleis, odoratissimis.
Lachenalia with the blossoms bell-shaped, and with foot-stalks; petals
obtuse and rolled back; chives longer than the blossom; leaves
lance-shaped; flowers of a purplish blue colour, and very sweet-scented.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A flower shewn from the outside.
2. The same shewn from the inside.
3. The Pointal and seed-bud.
This very fine species of Lachenalia, with its variety, have been
figured by Prof. Jacquin in his Icones, and Collectanea; but whether
from dried specimens or not we cannot determine. As yet there is no
figure, of either, in any British publication. Mr. Williams, of Turnham
Green, nurseryman, was the first who had it to flower in this kingdom,
and to his kindness in sending us a fine specimen, this year, in April,
we are indebted for our present figure. It is equally hardy with the
rest of the species of the Genus, and propagates abundantly by the root;
delights most in a sandy peat soil.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCLII.
HEBENSTREITIA AUREA.
_Golden-flowered Hebenstreitia._
CLASS XIV. ORDER II.
_DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA._ Two Chives longer. Seeds covered.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium monophyllum, tubulosum, membranaceum, emarginatum,
subtus longitudinaliter dehiscens.
COROLLA monopetala, unilabiata; tubus cylindricus, calyce longior,
latere inferiore ad dimidium dehiscens; limbus unilabiatus, adscendens,
planiusculus, quadrifidus, subæqualis.
STAMINA. Filamenta quatuor, horum duo priora sub fauce margini corollæ
inserta, extantia; duo seriora, interiora, inferiora, reflexa ad latera.
Antheræ lunares, compressæ, extrorsum truncatæ.
PISTILLUM. Germen minimum. Stylus filiformis, per fissuram corollas
reflexus. Stigma simplex.
PERICARPIUM. Capsula oblonga, unilocularis, bivalvis.
SEMINA duo, oblonga, hinc convexa, trisulca, inde plana.
EMPALEMENT. Cup one-leafed, tubular, membranaceous, notched at the end,
splitting lengthways from beneath.
BLOSSOM one-petalled, one-lipped; tube cylindric, longer than the cup,
splitting from the lower side half way; border one-lipped, ascending,
flattish, four-cleft, the clefts nearly equal.
CHIVES. Threads four, of which the upper pair is inserted into the edge
of the blossom under the throat, standing out; the lower anterior pair
is bent back to the sides. Tips crescent-shaped, flattish, appearing cut
off on the outside.
POINTAL. Seed-bud very small. Shaft thread-shaped, bent back through the
fissure of the blossom. Summit simple.
SEED-VESSEL. Capsule oblong, one-celled, two-valved.
SEEDS two, oblong, convex on one side, three-furrowed and flat on the
other.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Hebenstreitia foliis linearibus, integris, sub-teretibus, obtusis,
glabris; floribus congestis, racemosis, aurantiis.
Hebenstreitia with linear leaves entire, roundish, blunt, smooth;
flowers grow crowded together in long bunches, of a gold colour.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A flower.
2. The Empalement magnified.
3. A Blossom cut open with the chives remaining attached, magnified.
4. The Pointal natural size.
5. The same, magnified.
The Hebenstreitias may all be reckoned as rather biennial plants than
perennial shrubs; they must be increased every year to keep up a
succession, which is a matter of no difficulty; as, if cuttings of any
of the species are put into separate small pots, and kept from the air
by a hand-glass, for about a month, they will become flowering plants by
September, if the cuttings are made in May. Our present plant was
introduced in 1796 by Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, Hammersmith, at whose
nursery the drawing was made this year in the month of March. They
mostly flower in spring, and autumn; the flowers are very fragrant at
night. They are natives of the Cape of Good Hope.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCLIII.
TALINUM PATENS.
_Panicled Purslane._
CLASS XI. ORDER I.
_DODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Twelve Chives. One Pointal.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium diphyllum, parvum, superum, apice compressum,
persistens.
COROLLA. Petala quinque, plana, erecta, obtusa, calyce majora.
STAMINA. Filamenta multa, capillaria, corolla dimidio breviore. Antheræ
simplices.
PISTILLUM. Germen subrotundum. Stylus simplex, brevis. Stigmata quinque,
oblonga, longitudine styli.
PERICARPIUM. Capsula tecta, ovata, trivalvis. Receptaculum liberum.
SEMINA plurima, parva.
EMPALEMENT. Cup two-leaved, small, above, compressed at the tip,
remaining.
BLOSSOM. Five petals, flat, smooth, upright, blunt, larger than the
empalement.
CHIVES. Threads many, hair-like, shorter by half than the blossom. Tips
simple.
POINTAL. Germ roundish. Shaft simple, short. Summits five, oblong, the
length of the shaft.
SEED-VESSEL. Capsule covered, egg-shaped, three-valved. Receptacle free.
SEEDS numerous, small.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Talinum foliis lanceolato ovatis, sessilibus, planis; panicula ramosa,
terminali; floribus rubris.
Purslane with leaves between lance and egg-shaped, without foot-stalks,
flat; panicle branching and terminal; flowers red.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement and Pointal.
2. A Chive, magnified.
3. The Seed-bud, Shaft, and Summit.
4. The Seed-vessel nearly ripe, and the cup.
5. A ripe Capsule, cut transversely.
6. A Seed, magnified.
We now exhibit a plant which may, perhaps, be known by many, under the
name of Portulaca, rather than that of Talinum. But, as the adoption of
this new formed genus, upon a division of the species which have
capsules of a different construction, from the old generic character of
Portulaca, seems generally to obtain, amongst modern botanists; such as
Jussieu, Cavanilles, Willdenow, &c. we shall not dissent; although we,
at the same time, take the liberty to say, from the particular tendency
of the old genus Portulaca, to vary in most parts of the flower, both as
to number and character, we have taken up the present genus, but
reluctantly. This plant is a native of the West Indies, and is, by some,
considered as an annual; whilst by others it is treated of as a shrub;
but, indeed, it partakes of both characters, in some measure; for the
stem generally decays down, near to the earth, and often the whole plant
dies, after flowering. It grows to the height of two feet, half of which
is formed of the flower-stem. It makes a very gay appearance about
August, and seeds abundantly. Our figure was taken from a plant in the
collection of J. Vere, Esq. Kensington Gore; where it flowers, annually,
in the highest perfection. Introduced, says the Kew Catalogue, by
Chevalier Murray, in the year 1776.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCLIV.
GERANIUM PROCUMBENS.
_Procumbent Geranium._
CLASS XVI. ORDER IV.
_MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Threads united. Ten Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
MONOGYNA. Stigmata quinque. Fructus rostratus, 5-coccus.
ONE POINTAL. Five summits. Fruit furnished with long awns, five dry
berries.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Geranium caule subcarnoso, prostrato; foliis cordatis, lobatis,
crenato-dentatis; calycibus pentaphyllis; floribus tetrandris, corollis
irregularibus.
Geranium with the stem rather fleshy, and prostrate; leaves
heart-shaped, lobed, between scolloped and toothed; cups with five
leaves; flowers with four fertile chives; blossoms irregular.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement.
2. The Chives spread open, and magnified.
3. The Pointal, and Seed buds, magnified.
This pretty Geranium is rather a delicate plant, and must be kept very
dry in the winter; as, from the situation of its branches, which are
pressed to the earth, and rather fleshy, they will be very apt to rot,
if loo often watered, or placed in a damp part of the green house. It
was introduced in the year 1781, by G. Hibbert, Esq. in whose
collection, only, we have as yet seen it. Mr. Allen informs us, that it
is to be propagated as well by cuttings, as from the seeds, which it
does not produce plentifully. It has the appearance, if we may judge by
analogy, to be but a biennial, and not an abiding plant. It flowers in
April and May, and should be planted in light rich earth.
Here we have a botanical treat for the learned, who have adopted the new
arrangement of this very vagarious tribe; for in this one plant are
united some of the most essential characters of the three L’Heritierian
Genera, which, justly, formed but divisions of Linnæus’s original genus;
agreeing with Geranium and Erodium in the nectariferous cup; with
Pelargonium in the blossom and seed; but differing from all three, in
having but four fertile chives, with six abortive ones. A fact
ascertained by the examination of above fifty flowers, taken from four
different plants.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCLV.
MORÆA NORTHIANA.
_Northian Moræa._
CLASS III. ORDER I.
_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA hexapetala; petala tria interiora patentia, angustiora. Stigma
trifidum.
BLOSSOM six petals; the three inner petals spreading, narrower. Summit
three-cleft.
See MORÆA TRICOLOR. Pl. LXXXIII. Vol. II.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Moræa scapo foliisque falcatis, glaberrimis, distichis; floribus
terminalibus; petalis tribus exterioribus ovatis, concavis, pendulis,
tribus interioribus sub-erectis, medio retrofractis, apicibus revolutis.
Moræa with the flower-stem and leaves scymitar-shaped, very smooth,
pointing different ways; flowers terminal; the three outer petals
egg-shaped, concave, hanging down, the three inner ones nearly erect,
broke back about the middle, and rolled back at the ends.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The whole plant in miniature.
2. The outer valve of the sheath.
3. The inner valve of the sheath.
4. The Seed-bud, Chives, and Pointal, as they stand in the flower.
5. The Pointal only, the Chives being removed.
About the year 1789 this very fine species of Moræa was introduced to
our gardens by the late, elegantly tasted Mrs. North, lady to the Right
Hon. the Lord Bishop of Winchester; to whose fervor and liberality in
botanical pursuits we owe much of the present prevailing taste for the
science. The plant was brought to England by the Hon. Mr. F. North, on
his return from Portugal; the only remnant of a number, which he had
procured from the gardens of the late Queen of Portugal; immediately on
its arrival it was consigned, in a very sickly state, to the care of
Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, Hammersmith, who had the good fortune to
recover it.
It is a native of the Brazils, flowers about July or August, propagates
itself by suckers, which it makes from the root, should be planted in
light rich earth, and should be treated as a tender hot-house plant. The
leaves grow frequently to the length of two feet, or more; forming the
appearance of a large fan; the flower-stem proceeding from nearly the
centre. The flowers surpass, in delicacy and beauty of pencilling, any
of this very handsome tribe, and are as transitory as beautiful, their
duration being but of six hours, at most. It seldom happens that more
than one flower is open at a time; but the plant from which our drawing
was made, in 1797, at the Right Hon. the Marquis of Blandford’s, then
resident at Bill Hill, Berks, was in the highest perfection we have ever
hitherto seen it.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCLVI.
IXIA MACULATA. _Var. minor, flore purpureo._
_Spotted-flowered Ixia._ _Small Var. with a purple flower._
CLASS III. ORDER I.
_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA 6-partita, patens, æqualis. Stigmata erectiusculo-patula.
BLOSSOM six divisions, spreading, equal. Summits three, between upright
and spreading.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Ixia foliis ensiformibus, glabris, scapo duplo brevioribus; floribus
alternis, sub-spicatis, minoribus, purpureis; petalis basi obscuris,
ovatis, concavis; stigmatibus bifidis.
Ixia with sword-shaped leaves, smooth, twice as short as the
flower-stem; flowers alternate, rather spiked, smaller, and purple;
petals dark at the base, egg-shaped, concave; summits two-cleft.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement.
2. A Flower cut and spread open.
3. The Seed-bud, Chives, and Summits, one summit magnified.
This variety of Ixia blossoms about June; and, like the rest of this
species, continues in flower near a month. It is one of the hardiest,
and certainest blowers, amongst the whole genus, and propagates freely;
no particular treatment is necessary for it, but what has been often
repeated for the management of these plants.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCLVII.
FALKIA REPENS.
_Creeping Falkia._
CLASS V. ORDER II.
_PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA._ Five Chives. Two Pointals.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium monophyllum, sub-inflatum, corolla duplo brevius,
quinquangulatum, quinquepartitum; angulis medio dilatatis, compressis
extantibus; laciniis ovatis, acutis.
COROLLA monopetala, campanulata, crenato-decem-partita; limbo patente.
STAMINA. Filamenta quinque, filiformia, tubo corollæ inserta, erecta,
inæqualia, corolla breviora. Antheræ ovatæ, compressæ.
PISTILLA. Germen quatuor, supera, glabra. Styli duo, capillares,
divaricati, longitudine corollæ. Stigmata orbiculata, lanata.
PERICARPIUM nullum.
SEMINA quatuor, globosa, arillata, in fundo calycis.
EMPALEMENT. Cup one leaf, a little inflated, shorter by half than the
blossom, five-cornered, five-parted; the angles widened in the middle,
flattened, standing out; segments egg-shaped, pointed.
BLOSSOM one-petal, bell-shaped, ten-parted by scollops; border
spreading.
CHIVES. Threads five, hair like, inserted into the tube of the blossom,
erect, unequal, shorter than the blossom. Tips egg-shaped, flattened.
POINTALS. Seed-buds four, above, smooth. Shafts two, hair-like,
straddling, the length of the blossom. Summits orbicular, woolly.
SEED-VESSEL none.
SEEDS four, globular, covered by a coat, at the bottom of the cup.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Falkia foliis cordatis, petiolis longissimis; caule repente.
Falkia with heart-shaped leaves, and very long foot-stalks; creeping
stem.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Cup.
2. A Blossom spread open, with the chives in their place.
3. A Chive magnified.
4. The Pointals, natural size.
5. The same, magnified.
This pretty little plant was first found by Masson and Thunberg, when on
their journey together in the interior of the country of the Cape of
Good Hope, and was named by Thunberg after Professor Falk of
Petersburgh. It was introduced to the Kew gardens in the year 1774. Much
as it resembles Convolvulus, it still has a greater affinity to Nolana
in all its outward parts, but especially in the cup of the flower, and
the situation and character of the seeds. Although the plant is not
shrubby, the stems, which are wiry, do not die down in winter, but take
root, if laid close to the earth. It is encreased by parting the roots
in May; should be planted in sandy loam, and kept in the green-house,
where it will blossom in July or August. Our figure is from a plant
which flowered in the collection of J. Vere, Esq. Kensington Gore.
It is rather singular that the indefatigable, and generally accurate,
Willdenow, should have continued this plant in the sixth class, when he
had such authority, as may be found, page 325, Vol. I, in the Catalogue
of the Kew Garden (where it unquestionably has flowered) for the removal
of it to its proper one, the fifth. It is true, he had reason to
suppose, that no man would be rash enough to form a new Genus, without a
due examination of the plant, on which he grounds his authority; and
that, as Thunberg had discovered and named it, his authority was
sufficient, and of greater weight than any other. But, unfortunately, in
this instance, for the transcriber, the describer has been mistaken, and
has led his followers into error. Indeed, the whole plant in its habit
and character has so little affinity to any hexandrous genus, that,
although Thunberg might have found a single flower, or even a whole
plant, whose flowers had six chives (a circumstance we have not been
able to discover, upon an examination of the flowers from four different
plants), in such a case, as a botanist, he ought to have looked farther,
before he made so violent a decision; and Willdenow ought to have taken
it for granted the alteration would not have been made, but upon due
consideration.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCLVIII.
BANKSIA PRÆMORSA.
_Bitten-ended-leaved Banksia._
CLASS IV. ORDER I.
_TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Four Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
_Receptaculum commune_ elongatum, squamosum. Corolla tetra-petala.
Stamina limbo inserta. Capsula bivalvis, disperma, interjecto seminibus
dissepimento mobili. Semina alata.
_Common Receptacle_ elongated, scaly. Blossom of four petals. Chives
inserted into the limb of the blossom. Capsule two valves, two seeds,
and a moveable partition between them. Seeds winged.
See BANKSIA SERRATA, Pl. LXXXII. Vol. II.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Banksia foliis cuneatis præmorsis, serratis, subtus albo-punctatis,
supra glabris; floribus externè purpureis.
Banksia with wedge-shaped leaves, appearing bitten at the ends, sawed,
dotted with white on the under part, smooth on the upper; flowers purple
on the outside.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Flower not yet expanded, with the germ at the base.
2. The same open, the extremities of one of the petals magnified, to
shew the situation of the Chive in its place.
3. The Pointal complete, the summit magnified.