terminate the branches, and are downy.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Flower complete.
2. The Blossom spread open, with the Chives in their place.
3. The same, magnified.
4. The Seed-bud, Shaft and Summit.
The Opposite-leaved Gnidia is from the Cape of Good Hope, and must be
treated as a tender greenhouse or dry stove plant; as, but a little
excess of wet, in the winter, is sure to destroy it; even in summer,
much rain, if it is exposed to it for a few days, will overwhelm it. The
Kew Catalogue mentions this species to have been introduced in the year
1788, by Mr. F. Masson. The plant grows to the height of three feet,
with a very slender stem, and, often, loses most of its leaves to a
considerable height from the earth, which gives it rather a disagreeable
appearance towards the lower part. A mixture of two-thirds loam, and one
of sandy peat, is a soil it most approves. It is increased by cuttings,
made in the month of April, from the tender shoots. Our figure was taken
in July, from a plant in the Hibbertian Collection.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCXXVI.
MAGNOLIA PUMILA.
_Dwarf Magnolia._
CLASS XIII. ORDER VII.
_POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA._ Many Chives. Many Pointals.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium triphyllum; foliolis ovatis, concavis,
petaliformibus, deciduis.
COROLLA. Petala novem, oblonga, concava, obtusa, basi angustiora.
STAMINA. Filamenta numerosa, brevia, acuminata, compressa, receptaculo
communi pistillorum infra germina inserta. Antheræ lineares, margini
filamentorum utrinque adnatæ.
PISTILLA. Germina numerosa, ovato-oblonga, bilocularia, receptaculum
clavatum tegentia. Styli recurvi, contorti, brevissimi. Stigmata
longitudinalia styli, villosa.
PERICARPIUM. Strobilus ovatus, tectus capsulis compressis, subrotundis,
vix imbricatis, confertis, acutis, unilocularibus, bivalvibus,
sessilibus, extrorsum dehiscentibus, persistentibus.
SEMINA bina seu solitaria, subrotunda, baccata, filo pendentia ex sinu
singulæ squamæ strobili.
EMPALEMENT. Cup three-leaved; leaflets egg-shaped, concave, the form of
the petals, falling off.
BLOSSOM. Nine petals, oblong, concave, obtuse, narrower at the base.
CHIVES. Threads numerous, short, tapered, flattened, inserted below the
seed-buds into the common receptacle of the Pointals. Tips linear, fixed
on side to the margin of the threads.
POINTALS. Seed-buds numerous, oblong-egg-shaped, two-celled, covering a
club-shaped receptacle. Shafts turned backward, twisted, very short.
Summits grow out of the shafts longitudinally, hairy.
SEED-VESSEL. Cone egg-shaped covered with capsules which are flattened,
roundish, scarcely tiled, crowded, pointed, one-celled, two-valved,
sitting close to the receptacle, splitting from the outside and
remaining.
SEEDS by twos or solitary, roundish, like berries hanging by a thread
from the inside of each scale of the cone.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Magnolia foliis elipticis, undulatis, acuminatis, subglaucis; floribus
nutantibus, albis; petalis carnosis, obovatis, concavis.
Magnolia with eliptic, waved leaves, tapered to a point, rather
glaucous; flowers hanging down and white; petals thick, inversely
egg-shaped and concave.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. One of the outer petals.
2. An inner petal.
3. The Chives and Pointals, on the receptacle.
4. The outside of one of the Chives.
5. The inside of the same.
6. The same, magnified.
7. The Pointals.
The Magnolia pumila, (as are, generally, all plants upon their first
arrival from China,) has been hitherto treated as a hothouse plant; by
which means, a continued foliage has been preserved: but, from every
appearance of the plant, it is by nature deciduous, and, certainly hardy
enough to be preserved in the greenhouse, if not to bear the exposure of
the open ground. It grows to the height of about two feet, flowers in
the hot-house about September or later, and is propagated by cuttings.
The blossoms are very fragrant, but of short duration. To the late J.
Slater, Esq. of Laytonstone, we owe this plant; which was one of that
rich cargo brought home in the Carnatic, for him, by Captain Connor, in
the year 1793. Our figure was taken at the Hammersmith nursery. The
accession to this magnificent Genus has been considerable within a very
few years: to the species formerly cultivated in Britain, viz. the
_grandiflora_ with its four varieties, the _glauca_ and its two
varieties, the _acuminata_ and _tripetala_, are now added; the
_auriculata_ and _maxima_, from America; the _pumila_, _fuscata_ and
_tomentosa_ or _Yow-lang_, from China; making in all, with the
varieties, fifteen. The short acquaintance we have with the three last
from China, or the knowledge of what part of that extensive country they
are natives, does not enable us to decide, whether they will endure our
winters; although we may on the two from America, as being hardy plants,
or at least equally hardy with the _grandiflora_, being from the same
part of America.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCXXVII.
GLADIOLUS RINGENS. _Var. multiflorus._
_Gaping Gladiolus._ _Many-flowered Var._
CLASS III. ORDER I.
_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA sex-partita, ringens.
STAMINA adscendentia.
BLOSSOM six-divided, gaping.
CHIVES ascending.
See GLADIOLUS ROSEUS, Plate XI. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Gladiolus foliis sub-linearibus, costatis; floribus ringentibus
cineriis, odoratissimis; scapo multifloro.
Gladiolus with nearly linear-ribbed leaves; blossoms gaping,
ash-coloured, and very sweet scented; stem many flowered.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The two-valved Sheath.
2. A Blossom, with the chives in their place, spread open.
3. The Pointal complete.
This is a fine variety of the Gladiolus ringens, given on Plate XXVII.
Vol. I. of this work; the only specimen we have ever seen of it, is in
the Hibbertian collection, from whence our figure was taken, last year,
1801, in the month of May. It is a strong variety, but we cannot
consider the difference it exhibits, from our first figure, of
sufficient prominence to warrant a specific distinction. The bulbs were
received at Clapham, in the autumn of 1800, from the Cape of Good Hope;
they are rather delicate, and the treatment must be such as directed for
the former variety of this species.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCXXVIII.
HIBISCUS MUTABILIS. _Var. flore pleno._
_Changeable-Rose Hibiscus._ _Double-flowered Var._
CLASS XVI. ORDER VI.
_MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA._ Threads united. Many Chives.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium duplex.
_Exterius_ polyphyllum, persistens; foliolis linearibus, rarius
monophyllum, multifidum.
_Interius_ monophyllum, cyathiforme, semiquinquefidum, persistens; seu
quinquedentatum, deciduum.
COROLLA. Petala quinque, subrotundo-oblonga, basi angustiora, patentia,
tubo staminum inferne adnata.
STAMINA. Filamenta plurima, inferne coalita in tubum, superne (in hujus
apice et superficie) divisa et laxa. Antheræ reniformes.
PISTILLUM. Germen subrotundum. Stylus filiformis, staminibus longior,
superne quinquefidus. Stigmata capitata.
PERICARPIUM. Capsula quinquelocularis, quinquevalvis; dissepimentis
contrariis, duplicatis.
SEMINA solitaria seu plura, ovato-reniformia.
_Obs._ Capsula aliis ovata, aliis longa; calyx exterior 3-12-phyllus.
EMPALEMENT. Cup double.
_The outer_ many leaved, permanent; leaflets linear, more rarely
one-leaved, many-cleft.
_The inner_ one-leaved, cup-shaped, half five-cleft, permanent; or five
toothed, and deciduous.
BLOSSOM. Petals five, roundish-oblong, narrower at the base, spreading,
fastened at bottom to the tube of the chives.
CHIVES. Threads numerous, united at the base into a tube, at top (in its
apex and surface) divided and loose. Tips kidney-shaped.
POINTAL. Seed-bud roundish. Shaft thread-shaped, longer than the chives,
at top five-cleft. Summits headed.
SEED-VESSEL. Capsule five-celled, five-valved; partitions contrary,
doubled.
SEEDS solitary, or many, between egg and kidney-shaped.
_Obs._ The capsule of some species is egg-shaped, of some long; the
outer cup, 3-12-leaved.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Hibiscus follis cordatis, angulatis, quinquelobis, acuminatis, dentatis;
calyce exteriore octophyllo; capsula villosa; caule arboreo; floribus
plenis.
Hibiscus with heart-shaped leaves, angled, five-lobed, pointed and
toothed; outer cup eight-leaved; capsule hairy; stem growing to a tree;
flowers double.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The double cup with the Seed-bud, Shaft, and Summits in their place.
2. The Threads cut and spread open, with those which are perfect and
have the tips, remaining; those which give the plant the double flowered
character being cut away; one tip detached and magnified.
3. The Seed-bud, cut transversely to shew the perfect seeds in their
cells.
Barnard Dickinson, Esq. of Monks-House, near Devises, Wilts, we believe
to be, at present, the only possessor, in Britain, of this fine variety
of Hibiscus mutabilis. The plants were produced in 1788, from some
Jamaica seeds, which were sown at Bowden, another adjoining seat of that
gentleman, and where they have flowered for several years. Although the
flowers are double; yet good seeds are produced, which is common to most
plants of this natural order, such as Alcea Malva, &c. the fullness of
the blossoms being, as usual, formed from some of the chives becoming
petals, many nevertheless remaining perfect; which in these plants stand
particularly distinct from the pointal, being seated on the upper part
of the tube, formed by the connection of the lower part of the threads,
leaving the pointal as perfect as in a single flower. It is also
propagated by cutting, and thrives in rich earth. It may be considered
rather a tree, than shrub, as even in this country, it acquires the
height of from 15 to 20 feet. It is a native of Japan, China, and the
East Indies; where it is much esteemed for the extreme beauty of its
flowers, as well as in our West India islands, where it is also
cultivated. The Single-flowered has been known in England above a
century, having, says the Kew Catalogue, been introduced by Mr. Bentinck
in the year 1690. The specific title is assumed on the singular change
of the flower, from white to flesh colour, before its decay, as shewn in
our figure; which was taken from a fine branch received in a perfect
state from Bowden in the month of November 1801, and obligingly
communicated, to the author, by Mrs. Dickinson.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCXXIX.
MAGNOLIA FUSCATA.
_Brown-stemmed Magnolia._
CLASS XIII. ORDER VII. _of Schreb. Gen. Plant._
_POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA._ Many Chives. Many Pointals.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX 3-phyllus. Petala 6-12. Capsulæ 2-valves, imbricatæ. Semina
baccata, pendula.
CUP 3-leaved. Petals 6-12. Capsules 2-valved, tiled. Seeds, berries,
pendulous.
See MAGNOLIA PUMILA, Pl. 226. Vol. IV.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Magnolia foliis elipticis, senioribus glabris, junioribus ramulisque
tomentosis, fuscatis; petalis interne subalbidis, marginibus
elegantissime coloratis.
Magnolia with eliptical leaves, the old ones smooth, the younger as well
as the small branches are downy, and browned; petals whitish within, the
margins elegantly coloured.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The outer fence of the flower, which falls off before the flower
expands.
2. An outer petal of the blossom.
3. A Chive, with the parts complete, before the pollen has been emitted,
a little magnified.
4. The same shewn from the outside.
5. A Chive shewn from the inside with the tips burst, magnified.
6. The Chives and Pointals, natural size.
7. The Pointals as they are placed on the columnar shaft, the Chives
being removed, natural size.
Of all the Magnolias with which we are as yet acquainted, this species
is the most elegant; whether for the growth of the plant, the brilliancy
of the foliage, or the extreme delicacy, fragrance, and beauty of the
flowers. It is a native of China; from whence it was first introduced to
us, in the year 1796, by T. Evans, Esq. of Stepney; from a plant in
whose collection, our figure was taken, this year, 1802, in the month of
February, the general season of its flowering in this climate if kept in
the hot-house; to which station it has, as yet, been doomed, although,
from the general character of the Genus, we should be led to treat it
more hardily. It is increased by cuttings, and layers; but the first is
the best method, as, in the latter mode the branches do not take root
under two years. The plant from which our drawing was made, did not
exceed a foot and a half in height, which leads us to suppose it never
becomes a large shrub, even in China. It thrives in leaf mould, and
light loam. We believe this plant has not hitherto come under the review
of any botanical author.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCXXX.
DODONÆA TRIQUETRA.
_Three-sided Dodonæa._
CLASS VIII. ORDER I.
_OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Eight Chives. One Pointal.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium tetraphyllum, planum; foliolis ovatis, obtusis,
concavis, deciduis.
COROLLA nulla.
STAMINA. Filamenta octo, brevissima. Antheræ oblongæ, arcuatæ,
conniventes, longitudine calycis.
PISTILLUM. Germen triquetrum, longitudine calycis. Stylus cylindricus,
trisulcatus, erectus. Stigma subtrifidum acutiusculum.
PERICARPIUM. Capsula trisulca, inflata, trilocularis; angulis
membranaceis, magnis.
SEMINA bina, subrotunda.
EMPALEMENT. Cup four-leaved, flat; leaflets egg-shaped, obtuse, concave,
falling off.
BLOSSOM, none.
CHIVES. Eight threads, very short. Tips oblong, curved, approaching, the
length of the cup.
POINTAL. Seed-bud three-sided, the length of the cup. Shaft cylindrical,
three-furrowed, upright. Summit nearly three-cleft rather pointed.
SEED-VESSEL. Capsule three-furrowed, swelled out, three cells, angles
skinny, large.
SEEDS by twos, nearly round.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Dodonæa foliis lanceolatis, utrinque attenuatis, glaberrimis; ramulis
triquetris; floribus dioicis.
Dodonæa with lance-shaped leaves, tapered to both ends, very smooth; the
small branches three-sided; flowers with chives and pointals distinct.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
_Male Flower._
1. The Empalement, magnified.
2. The Empalement and Chives, before the bursting of the tips,
magnified.
3. The same, when the tips have emitted the pollen, magnified.
_Female Flower._
1. The Empalement, magnified.
2. The Empalement, seed-bud, shaft and summit, magnified.
3. A ripe capsule, natural size.
4. One of the divisions of the capsule.
5. A ripe seed, natural size.
The species here figured of Dodonæa is from New Holland; where, Forster
says he found it, as we have given it, with the chives and pointals
distinct; but, that the same species was hermaphrodite, when growing in
New Zealand, which may perhaps be the fact, though we should suspect,
from such circumstance, they were different species. Martyn in his Ed.
of Miller’s Dict. mentions this plant, and throws it to the broad-leaved
species found in the tropical climates of America and Asia. Willdenow,
in his Sp. Plant. Tom. 11. P. 1. p. 345, has made it a species, without
any observation on its parts of fructification; which leads us to
suppose, he had not seen flowering specimens. It is as hardy as any
greenhouse plant we possess, but will not resist the severity of our
frosts; is easily propagated by cuttings, and thrives in almost any
earth. It is so very common in New Holland, that, scarce a parcel of
seeds has arrived from thence, but has contained some of the seeds. The
two figures were taken from two plants at the nursery Hammersmith.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCXXXI.
CERBERA AHOUAI.
_Oval-leaved Cerbera._
CLASS V. ORDER I.
_PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Five Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CONTORTA. Drupa monosperma. Corolla infundibuliformis.
FLOWERS contorted. Pulpy seed-vessel, one-seeded. Blossom funnel-shaped.
_See Plate 130, Cerbera undulata, Vol. II._
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Cerbera foliis ovatis, acutis, laciniis corollæ undulatis; calycis
foliolis reflexis.
Cerbera with egg-shaped, pointed leaves; segments of the blossom waved;
leaflets of the cup reflexed.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement.
2. A Blossom cut open, the Chives in their place.
3. The Seed-bud, Shaft and Summit; with the summit detached, magnified.
The oval-leaved Cerbera is a native of the continent of South America,
in Brazil and the other provinces within the tropics; therefore, must be
treated as a tender hothouse plant. It is increased by cuttings,
delights most in a rich soil, and flowers in July, or August. It is said
to acquire the height of ten feet, in its native clime, but, with us, it
seldom attains to three; becoming a handsome, bushy shrub. The flowers
have a faint smell, as have most of this natural order; the whole plant
is replete with a whitish juice, of a most deleterious quality; and the
wood when rubbed emits a disagreeable odour. The fruit is considered by
the indians as a deadly poison against which there is no antidote. Our
figure was taken from a plant in the Hibbertian Collection, Clapham.
Introduced to England, (or rather cultivated about that period) says the
Kew Catalogue, by Mr. Miller, in the year 1739. [Illustration]
PLATE CCXXXII.
IXIA CAPITATA. _Var. Stellata._
_Bunch-flowering Ixia._ _Var. Star-flowered._
CLASS III. ORDER I.
_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA 6 partita, patens æqualis. Stigmata tria, erectiusculo patula.
BLOSSOM 6 divisions, spreading, equal. Summits three, between upright
and spreading.
See IXIA REFLEXA, Plate XIV. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Ixia foliolis ensiformibus, erectis, scapo brevioribus; floribus
capitatis, confertis, pallide carneis; petalis basi stellatis.
Ixia with sword-shaped leaves, upright shorter than the stem; flowers
grow in heads, crowded, of a pale flesh-colour; petals starred at the
base.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The two valves of the sheath.
2. A flower cut open, the Chives remaining.
3. The Pointal.
As we cannot think this plant possesses sufficient distinctive
character, to entitle it to a particular specific title, we have placed
it as above; although we must confess that the root, in this plant, is
very dissimilar from most of the bunch-flowering species. It is a very
hardy bulb, and in no ways liable to rot, increasing very abundantly,
and flowering, without any assistance from heat, about the end of May.
Our figure was taken at the Hammersmith nursery in 1799; to which it had
been introduced, about four years previous.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCXXXIII.
MELANTHIUM VIRIDE.
_Green-flowered Melanthium._
CLASS VI. ORDER I.
_HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Six Chives. One Pointal.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX nullus.
COROLLA. Petala sex, ovato-oblonga, patentia, unguibus linearibus
longioribus, persistentia.
STAMINA. Filamenta sex, filiformia, erecta, longitudine corollæ, cui
inserta supra ungues. Antheræ globosæ.
PISTILLA. Germen conicum, striatum. Styli tres, distincti, curvi.
Stigmata obtusa.
PERICARPIUM. Capsula ovata, trigona, trisulca, trilocularis, ex capsulis
tribus introrsum unitis.
SEMINA plurima, compressa, semiovata.
EMPALEMENT, none.
BLOSSOM. Six petals, oblong egg-shaped, spreading, with linear longer
claws remaining.
CHIVES. Threads six, thread-shaped, upright, the length of the blossom
into which they are inserted above the claws. Tips globular.
POINTALS. Seed-bud conical, streaked. Shafts three, distinct, curved.
Summits blunt.
SEED-VESSEL. Capsule egg-shaped, three-sided, three furrowed,
three-celled, formed of three capsules united within.
SEEDS numerous, flattened, half egg-shaped.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Melanthium foliis ovato lanceolatis, scapo vaginantibus, erectis;
corollis viridi-purpureis, reflexis.
Melanthium with leaves between lance and egg-shaped, sheathing the stem
and upright; blossoms greenish-purple, reflexed.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Petal with its Chive attached, magnified.
2. The Seed-bud, Shaft, and Summits, magnified.
3. The Seed-bud cut transversely, magnified.
The Green-flowered Melanthium was introduced to the Kew collection, by
Mr. F. Masson, in the year 1788, as we are informed by the catalogue of
that garden, from the Cape of Good Hope. The plant from which our figure
was taken, had been sent to the Clapham collection amongst other bulbs
which were received from Mr. Niven in the year 1800; it flowered the
succeeding year, when our drawing was made. We believe, at present, it
is in no other collection than that of Mr. Hibbert; nor do we think,
without a fresh supply, it will be long seen in this country, as it has
been often introduced, and as often lost; nor does it increase with us
by the root, and the seeds have not, as yet, matured in this country; it
appears to grow luxuriantly in sandy peat earth, and flowers in July.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCXXXIV.
PROTEA SPICATA.
_Spike-flowered Protea._
CLASS IV. ORDER I.
_TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Four Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA 4-fida seu 4-petala. Antheræ lineares, insertæ petalis infra
apicem. Calyx proprius nullus. Semina solitaria.
BLOSSOM 4-cleft or 4-petalled. Tips linear, inserted into the petals
below the point. Proper cup none. Seeds solitary.
See PROTEA FORMOSA, Plate XVII. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Protea foliis bipinnatis, subfiliformibus, pinnulæ canaliculatæ, apice
glandulosæ; capitula spicata, quadriflora.
Protea with twice-divided leaves nearly thread-shaped, small divisions
channelled and glandular at the end; small heads in spikes and
four-flowered.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement.
2. One of the small heads of flowers, not yet expanded.
3. The same, with the flowers open.
4. A flower taken from the general cup, with one of the petals detached,
magnified.
5. The Pointal, the Summit detached, magnified.
From a plant now in flower, May 1802, in the Hibbertian collection, our
figure was taken. It is one of those described by Thunberg in his
Dissertatio de Protea, n. 11, and in his Prodromus 25, under the title
we have given it; and which is, certainly, very appropriate; although
many have the flowers growing in spikes. We believe this is the first
time it has flowered in Britain, and that, at present, it is very
scarce; having been introduced by Messrs. Lee and Kennedy in the year
1790. It is a hardy greenhouse plant, is increased by cuttings, and
thrives in a sandy loam with a small portion of sandy peat earth. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCXXXV.
MIMOSA DISCOLOR.
_Two-coloured leaved Mimosa._
CLASS XXIII. ORDER I.
_POLYGAMIA MONOECIA._ Various dispositions: Upon one plant.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
HERMAPH. Calyx 5-dentatus. Cor. 5-fida.
STAMINA 5 seu plura. Pist. 1. Legumen.
MASC. Calyx 5-dentatus. Cor. 5-fida.
STAMINA 5, 10, plura.
HERMAPH. Cup 5-toothed. Blossom 5-cleft.
CHIVES 5 or more. Pointal 1. A pod.
MALE. Calyx 5-toothed. Blossom 5-cleft.
CHIVES 5, 10, or more.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Mimosa inermis; foliis bipinnatis, sexjugis, bicoloribus; pinnis acutis,
æqualibus; spicis axillaribus; capitulis globosis; siliquis latissimis,
planis.
Mimosa without spines; leaves doubly winged, in six pairs, and two
coloured; wings sharp pointed and equal; spikes grow from the insertion
of the leaves; small heads globular; pods very broad and flat.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement, natural size.
2. The same, magnified.
3. A Blossom.
4. A Chive, magnified.
5. The Pointal natural size, from an hermaphrodite flower.
6. The same, magnified.