sides; the small umbels of flowers grow from the insertion of the leaves
into the stem; blossoms whitish.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A flower complete, with the summit relieved from the petals,
magnified.
2. The same with the summit yet restrained by the petals.
3. One petal with the tip, magnified.
4. The Seed-bud, Shaft, and Summit, magnified.
This Genus, if we may judge from what we already possess, amounting to 6
species, promises to furnish an ample feast for Botanists; for we have
no doubt, but the species are as numerous as of any one from New
Holland. The Willow-like Embothrium makes a very handsome bushy
green-house plant; the leaves are not subject to damp, and the stem
acquires the height of 5 or 6 feet. It flowers about May, and from the
manner in which the leaves rather fall downwards, from their insertion,
leaving the bunches of flowers fully exposed, at their base, it has a
very picturesque appearance, as the whole plant is sometimes covered
with blossoms. It thrives best in sandy peat earth, and is increased by
cuttings, made about March, or April, and placed in the heat of the
Hot-house, or a cucumber frame. Our figure was taken at the Hammersmith
Nursery; where, it was first raised from seeds, in the year 1791.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCXVI.
EPIDENDRUM SINENSE.
_Chinese Epidendrum._
CLASS XX. ORDER I.
_GYNANDRIA DIANDRIA._ Chives on the Pointal. Two Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
NECTARIUM turbinatum, obliquum, reflexum.
HONEY-CUP top-shaped, oblique and reflexed.
See Plate XIII. Vol. I. EPIDENDRUM COCHLEATUM.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Epidendrum foliis ensiformibus, nervosis, radicalibus; nectario
revoluto, punctato; petalis striatis.
Epidendrum with sword-shaped leaves, nerved, and growing from the root;
honey-cup rolled back, and dotted; petals striped.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A flower, one of the petals and the honey-cup cut off; to shew the
situation, and place of the parts of fructification.
2. The Honey-cup.
3. The Seed-bud, Shaft, Summit, and Chives; the small hood which covers
the Chives, lifted up.
This long genus of plants, so little known hitherto, but in our books,
bids fair to become one of the greatest ornaments of our hot-houses; 20
species we already enumerate, in the different collections in the
vicinity of London; one of which, the present plant, has not flowered in
this kingdom, till this year, although introduced, so long ago as 1793,
by the late J. Slater, Esq. of Layton-stone; at the same time with the
two varieties of the Double Camellia, from China. Our figure was taken
in September 1801, from a plant which had been placed in the spring of
the same year, in the Conservatory built on purpose for the protection
of Chinese plants, and where they flourish to a degree, not seen before
in this country, in the garden of G. Hibbert Esq. Clapham common. It is
propagated by offsets, from the root; is rather a hardy hot-house plant;
and thrives most in a mixture of sandy loam, and peat; about one fourth
of the loam, and three fourths peat, or leaf-mould.
Upon the first observation of this plant, we were inclined to think it
the species designed by Thunberg in his Icon. Plant. Japon. 28, under
the Genus Limodorum; and afterwards, altered by him, in the Linnæan
Trans. Vol. ii. p. 327, to Epidendrum striatum. But upon close
examination of it, as answering his descriptions, &c. we cannot but
think it, if not a different species, at least a very strong variety of
his plant; wherefore, we have retained the name it is in common known
by, in the various collections in which we have seen it. If we were to
decide on the subject, it should be to place both that and this plant
again to Limodorum; to which, they hold greater affinity than to
Epidendrum; but indeed, we have an opinion, that one title might readily
serve for the plants constituting both genera.
[Illustration]
_Vol. IV._
_of the_
Botanist’s Repository
_Comprising,_
_Colour’d Engravings_
of
_New and Rare Plants_
ONLY
With Botanical Descriptions &c.
_in_
_Latin and English,_
_after the_
Linnæan System.
_by_
_H. Andrews_
_Botanical Painter Engraver &c._
[Illustration]
PLATE CCVII.
PASSIFLORA MALIFORMIS.
_Apple-fruited Passion-Flower._
CLASS XX. ORDER IV.
_GYNANDRIA PENTANDRIA._ Chives on the Pointal. Five Chives.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium quinquepartitum, planum, coloratum, petalis conforme.
COROLLA. Petala quinque, semi-lanceolata, plana, obtusa, magnitudine et
figura calycis.
_Nectarium_ corona triplex; exterior longior, intra petala stylum
cingens, superne magis coarctata.
STAMINA. Filamenta quinque, subulata, ad basin germinis columnæ annexa,
patentia. Antheræ incumbentes, oblongæ, obtusæ.
PISTILLUM. Germen subrotundum, apici columnæ cylindraceæ, rectæ
insidens. Styli tres, superne crassiores, patuli. Stigmata capitata.
PERICARPIUM. Bacca carnosa, subovata, unilocularis, pedicellata.
SEMINA plurima, ovata, arillata.
_Receptaculum_ feminum triplex, cortici pericarpii longitudinaliter
adnatum.
EMPALEMENT. Cup five-parted, flat, coloured, like the petals.
BLOSSOM. Petals five, half lance-shaped, flat, blunt, of the size and
shape of the cup.
_Honey-cup_, a triple crown; the outer longer, encircling the shaft
within the petals, more contracted above.
CHIVES. Five threads, awl-shaped, fixed to the base of the column of the
seed-bud, spreading. Tips fixed by their backs, oblong, obtuse.
POINTAL. Seed-bud roundish, falling into the end of a cylindrical,
upright column. Three shafts, thicker above, spreading. Summits headed.
SEED-VESSEL. A fleshy berry, nearly egg-shaped, one-celled, pedicelled.
SEEDS many, egg-shaped, covered by a seed-coat.
_Receptacle_ of the seeds triple, fixed longitudinally to the rind of
the berry.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Passiflora foliis indivisis, cordato-oblongis, integerrimis; petiolis
biglandulosis; involucro triphyllo, flore majore; fructu maliformi.
Passion-Flower with undivided leaves, heart-shape-oblong, quite entire;
foot-stalks with two glands, fence three-leaved, larger than the flower;
fruit like an apple.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A ripe fruit.
2. A Flower cut perpendicularly through the middle, to shew its interior
structure, with the parts of fructification complete.
This species of Passion-Flower is said to be a sojourner with us since
the year 1731, and to have been then cultivated by Miller. It is
likewise said to be a native of Dominica, but it is found in all the
West India islands. It rarely flowers in this climate; and we should not
now have been able to gratify our friends with this figure, but for the
particular ingenuity, in the treatment of hot house plants, by Mr.
Anderson, superintendant of the rich collection of plants in the gardens
of J. Vere, Esq. Kensington Gore, who by a long experience in
cultivation, added to a particular love for the profession, has placed
his knowledge in the treatment of exotics, in particular, much beyond
most cultivators of the present day. Our figure was taken from a plant
which continued in flower from July till November; it was planted in a
border of rich earth, close to the tan-pit, and trailed along the front
rafter of the house; the only method, we presume, by which it can be
induced to flower, as we have never seen it elsewhere. It is propagated
with ease by cuttings.
Much contention has arisen among Botanists, since the days of Linnæus,
where to place this tribe of plants. Swartz placed it to Monadelphia,
who is lately followed by Willdenow. Schreber, Thunberg, &c. have thrown
it to Pentandria. But our antiquated notions of the capability of that
great man, in classifying to his own system, those plants which came
under his actual review, has occasioned our retaining it, under its old
class, just as he left it.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCXVIII.
EMBOTHRIUM BUXIFOLIUM.
_Box-leaved Embothrium._
CLASS IV. ORDER I.
_TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Four Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA tetrapetala. Stamina limbo inserta. Folliculus polyspermus.
Semina alata.
BLOSSOM four-petals. Chives inserted into the limbs. One-celled pod,
many seeded. Seeds winged.
See EMBOTHRIUM SERICEUM, Pl. C. Vol. II.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Embothrium foliis ellipticis, integerrimis, margine revolutis,
pubescentibus; umbellis terminalibus; folliculo villoso.
Embothrium with elliptical, entire leaves, rolled back at the edge, and
downy; umbels terminal; seed-pod hairy.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Flower, magnified, the petals yet attached to each other.
2. The same, the petals disengaged.
3. The Pointal, magnified.
4. A Seed-vessel, natural size.
5. A ripe Seed, natural size.
This we believe is amongst the most rare of the plants, hitherto
introduced, from New Holland. It has been figured in the third Number of
New Holland Botany, published by Dr. Smith in 1793: it is there said not
to have been, at that time, in England; but, as it had not then
flowered, the plant was not known, although in the collection of Messrs.
Lee and Kennedy, three years precedent to that publication; and where,
it first flowered in 1795. Our figure was taken in September 1789 from a
plant (we fear the only one at present in this kingdom) in the
Hibbertian collection. It has not yet been propagated with us, and the
seeds do not mature. The plant is nearly four feet high, and forms a
handsome, bushy shrub, continuing in flower nearly the whole summer.
Over the whole plant there is a brown, or rusty-like appearance, which
takes much from its beauty. It flourishes in peat earth.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCXIX.
GLADIOLUS CUSPIDATUS. _Var. petalis crispis._
_Spear-spotted Gladiolus._ _Var. with crisped petals._
CLASS III. ORDER I.
_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA sex-partita, ringens.
STAMINA adscendentia.
BLOSSOM six divisions, gaping.
CHIVES ascending.
See GLADIOLUS ROSEUS, Plate XI. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Gladiolus foliis lineari-ensiformibus, glabris; corolla ringente;
laciniis longissimis, acuminatis, crispatis, subæqualibus, tribus
inferioribus in medio macula oblonga notalis; corollis albicantibus.
Gladiolus with linear-sword-shaped smooth leaves; blossom gaping,
segments very long, tapered to the point, crisped and nearly equal, the
three lower ones in the middle have an oblong spot; blossoms whitish.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The two valves of the Empalement.
2. The Blossom cut open, with the chives.
3. The Seed-bud, Shaft and Summit, one division of the summit magnified.
Although this species of Gladiolus is as old in our gardens as, almost
any, we have; yet, it is not much known, from the unfrequency of its
flowering, of which there is no certainty. The best method to assist it
with a vigorous growth, is to place it in a considerable degree of
warmth, such as the heat of the hot-house, the pot being kept in a pan,
with water. With this assistance, it may be made to flower, sometimes,
about the end of May. It is a very hardy bulb, in what regards the root,
and its preservation. Our figure was made in May, 1800, from a plant
which had been treated in the above manner, at the Hammersmith nursery.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCXX.
MASSONIA SCABRA.
_Rough-leaved Massonia._
CLASS VI. ORDER I.
_HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Six Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA infera, limbo 6-partito. Filamenta collo tubi imposita. Capsula
3-alata, 3 locularis, polysperma.
BLOSSOM beneath, border 6-divided. Threads placed on the neck of the
tube. Capsule 3-winged, 3 celled, many-seeded.
See MASSONIA VIOLACEA, Pl. 46. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Massonia foliis cordato-orbiculatis, supra scabrosis; laciniis corollæ
reflexis.
Massonia with leaves between heart-shaped and round, rough on the upper
side; the segments of the blossom reflexed.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A skinny sheath, one being attached to each flower, at the lower part
of the foot-stalk.
2. A Flower complete.
3. The Blossom cut open, to shew the insertion of the chives into the
mouth, just within the honey-cups.
4. The Seed bud, shaft and summit.
The rough-leaved Massonia is, as well as all the hitherto discovered
species of the genus, a native of the Cape of Good Hope, and was
introduced to Britain, in the year 1796, by Messrs. Lee and Kennedy; at
whose nursery, our figure was taken in the year 1800; where, it had then
flowered for the first time, in this kingdom. It is a hardy greenhouse
bulb; propagates from the root, and perfects its seeds; flowers in
February and March, and loses its leaves in June. It stands quite
distinct from M. latifolia, both in the character of the leaves and
blossoms; though, at first sight, it has much the appearance of that
species. A loamy soil lightened by a small mixture of sandy peat is that
it most approves. The roots should not be taken from the pots after the
decay of the leaves, but kept rather dry till the leaves begin to
re-appear.
Much will it contribute to the illustration of science, to find our
present figure, when copied into a certain magazine at some future
period, (and of which we have no doubt,) specifically denominated,
smooth-leaved; as unfortunately, the other species figured by us, Pl.
46. Vol. I. with obovate, blunt-ended, or spathula-shaped leaves, has
been, by a certain hocus-pocus conjuror, and _our very good friend_,
converted into sword shaped! _risum teneatis_.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCXXI.
WURMBEA CAPENSIS. _Var._ β.
_Cape Wurmbea._ 2. _Var._:
CLASS VI. ORDER III.
_HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA._ Six Chives. Three Pointals.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX nullus.
COROLLA monopetala, sexfida, infera; laciniis lanceolatis, acutis,
erectis.
STAMINA. Filamenta sex, filiformia, erecta, fauci corollæ insertæ.
Antheræ erectæ, didymæ.
PISTILLA. Germen triquetrum, apice tripartitum, glabrum, superum. Styli
tres, triquetri, subulati, incurvi, longitudine staminum. Stigmata
obsoleta.
PERICARPIUM. Capsula oblonga, triquetra, trisulca, trilocularis, a medio
tripartita.
SEMINA plurima, rotunda.
EMPALEMENT none.
BLOSSOM one petal, six-cleft, beneath; segments lance-shaped, pointed
and upright.
CHIVES. Threads six, thread-shaped, upright, inserted into the mouth of
the blossom. Tips upright, double.
POINTALS. Seed-bud three-sided, three-divided at the top, smooth and
above. Shafts three, three-sided, awl-shaped, turned inwards, the length
of the Chives. Summits obsolete.
SEED-VESSEL. Capsule oblong, three-sided, three-furrowed, three-celled,
three-divided from the middle.
SEEDS many, round.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Wurmbea foliis cucullatis, lanceolatis; spica multiflora; floribus
sessilibus, atro-purpureis.
Wurmbea with hooded, lance-shaped leaves; spike many-flowered; flowers
sitting close to the stem and dark-purple.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Blossom cut and spread open, with the Chives in their place.
2. The Pointals, natural size.
3. The same, magnified.
This genus was first formed by Thunberg as distinct from Melanthium, in
his _Dissertatio Nova Genera Plantarum_, under the title Wurmbea, from
the construction of the blossom, which in this, is formed of one petal,
but in that, is composed of six; a distinction which has always been
considered as momentous, in determining the limits of the different
genera of this class; since which, however, it has been abandoned by
him, and thrown to Melanthium; although Schreber, in his Genera
Plantarum, G. 617. p. 239. Vol. I. made no scruple in adopting it.
Willdenow has, in his Species Plantarum, G. 703. p. 265. T. 11. P. 1. we
think with propriety, renewed its claims to particular distinction,
under the first title; but with this difference, that out of the four
varieties given by Thunberg, all under the specific name of capensis, he
has made three species; reserving his opinion on the fourth, our present
plant, and the second Var. of Thunberg, for want, as he observes, of
proper documents. Now, as our ideas run not exactly with Willdenow, in
this alteration; but thinking with Thunberg, who must have seen the
plants alive, and thence, of course, the best judge; we have the rather
followed him; as we possess drawings of two more of the varieties quoted
by him, taken from living specimens, and whose trifling difference of
character does not warrant them to be treated as specifically different,
but as mere varieties of each other.
The roots of this species, with the others, of which we have drawings,
were received by G. Hibbert, Esq. in the year 1800, from the Cape of
Good Hope. The bulbs are solid like those of Ixia, &c. but of a most
singular form, having an appendage at the base like the pat of a mole.
None of the varieties we have seen produce more than three leaves, which
sheath the flower-stem one above the other, and are rather longer than
it. It flourishes in sandy peat earth, and flowers in May or June; but
has, certainly, more to recommend it to our notice from its singularity,
as forming a separate genus; than from its beauty. Our figure was taken
from the Clapham collection.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCXXII.
GERANIUM RADIATUM.
_Rayed-leaved Geranium._
CLASS XVI. ORDER IV.
_MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Threads united. Ten Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
MONOGYNA. Stigmata quinque. Fructus rostratus, penta-coccus.
ONE POINTAL. Five summits. Fruit furnished with long awns, five dry
berries.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Geranium foliis sub-obovatis, crassiusculis, integerrimis, radiatis,
humi adpressis; calycibus monophyllis, laciniis erectis; floribus
pentandris, maximis, luteis; radice tuberosa.
Geranium with leaves nearly obovate, thickish, quite entire, placed in a
ray about the stem, and lying on the ground; cups of one leaf, the
segments erect; flowers with five fertile chives, very large and yellow;
root tuberous.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Cup laid open, to shew its hollow structure.
2. The Chives and Pointal, natural size.
3. The Chives spread open, to shew the number and situation of the
fertile ones.
4. The Pointal, magnified.
The only plants of this species of Geranium are to be found in the
Clapham collection; they were among the last, received by Mr. Hibbert
from the Cape, in 1801. To affix any particular period as the exact
season of its flowering, would be premature; as, the plant from which
our figure was taken, in the month of August, last year, had been kept
constantly in the green-house; and, we must presume, as the root arrived
nearly dry, the regular season of its flowering must have been
materially altered. It appears to flourish in a light sandy soil. The
propagation must be from the seeds, or from the root.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCXXIII.
CLUSIA FLAVA.
_Yellow-flowered Balsam-Tree._
CLASS XXIII. ORDER I.
_POLYGAMIA MONOECIA._ Various dispositions. Upon one plant.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium imbricatum; foliolis concavis, persistentibus,
exterioribus gradatim minoribus.
COROLLA. Petala 4, 5, 6, subrotunda concava, crassa, cochleata.
STAMINA. Filamenta plura, simplicia, corolla breviora. Antheræ
simplices, apicis lateri adnatæ.
PISTILLUM. Germen ovato-oblongum. Stylus nullus. Stigma stellatum,
planum, obtusum, persistens.
PERICARPIUM. Capsula ovata, sulcis exerata, locularis, valvis tum
radiatim dehiscentibus.
SEMINA numerosa, ovata, pulpa obtecta, affixa receptaculo columnari,
anguloso.
_Obs._ Numerus in parte fructus differt a quatuor ad duodecim
proportione observata in stigmate, valvulis, loculis, &c. Flores alii a
parte masculina, alii a feminina steriles sunt.
EMPALEMENT. Cup tiled; leaflets concave, remaining, the outer ones
gradually smaller.
BLOSSOM. Petals 4, 5, 6, roundish, concave, thick and shell-like.
CHIVES. Threads many, simple, shorter than the blossom. Tips simple,
growing to the side of the point.
POINTAL. Seed-bud oblong-egg-shaped. Shaft none. Summit starred, flat,
obtuse, remaining.
SEED-VESSEL. Capsule egg-shaped, strongly furrowed, celled, the valves
bursting into a starred form.
SEEDS numerous, egg-shaped, covered with pulp, fixed to an angular,
columnar receptacle.
_Obs._ The number in the parts of the fruit differs from four to twelve,
according to the proportion observed in the summit, valves, cells, &c.
Some of the flowers are sterile with respect to the male organs, and
others with respect to the female ones.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Clusia foliis aveniis; corollis tetrapetalis, luteis.
Balsam Tree with veinless leaves; blossoms with four petals, and yellow.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. Flower complete.
2. A petal shewn from the inside.
3. A petal shewn sideways.
4. The Pointal and Chives, one Chive detached, magnified.
5. The Pointal cleared of the Chives, the Seed-bud and Summit detached
and magnified.
The Balsam Tree is a native of all the West India Islands, and has been
described by Plumier, Sloan, Jacquin, Browne, &c.; but no good figure of
the plant, according with our ideas, has hitherto been given of it. The
C. rosea, C. alba, and C. flava of Jacquin, the three various species,
are said to grow to different heights, in the different Islands; which
we are led to think, are but varieties of the same plant. Linnæus has
taken them up as species, upon his authority; although Jacquin himself
allows, that the one he denominates _flava_, varies in its blossoms to
red and white. This plant does not grow to above the height of eight or
nine feet, in this country, and seldom flowers. Our figure was taken
last year in September 1801, from a plant in the Stepney Collection.
Miller says it was cultivated by him in 1759, and had been introduced by
Mr. Parker, of Croydon, in Surrey, from Barbadoes. It is readily
propagated from cuttings, and thrives in rich, dungy earth. A slight
mistake occurs, in the quotation from Browne, in Martyn’s Edition of the
Dictionary; where, the petals are described as screw-shaped; Browne has
it, “_cochleata_,” or shell-shaped, a most expressive term for the shape
of these petals.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCXXIV.
GERANIUM REFLEXUM.
_Reflexed-leaved Geranium._
CLASS XVI. ORDER IV.
_MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Chives united. Ten Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
MONOGYNA. Stigmata quinque. Fructus rostratus, 5-coccus.
One POINTAL. Five summits. Fruit furnished with long awns, five dry
berries.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Geranium foliis longe petiolatis, trifoliatis; foliolis lobato incisis,
recurvis; floribus umbellatis, pentandris; staminibus duobus
superioribus stigmatibusque reflexis; radice tuberosa.
Geranium with leaves that have long foot-stalks, and three leaflets;
leaflets gash-lobed, and rolled back; flowers grow in umbels, have five
fertile chives, with the two upper chives and the summits reflexed; root
tuberous.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement.
2. The Chives and Pointal.
3. The Chives spread open, magnified.
4. The Pointal, magnified.
This pretty Geranium, from the Cape of Good Hope, is another of those
which were introduced by G. Hibbert, Esq. in the year 1800, through the
medium of Mr. Niven. The root being tuberous, we judge that from a
division of the smaller lobes it is to be increased. From the reflexed
character, which pervades the whole plant, petals, leaves, parts of
fructification, &c. we have adopted our specific title. The cultivation
is the same, as for the other tuberous species of this genus. Our figure
was made at Clapham in the month of July 1801.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCXXV.
GNIDIA OPPOSITIFOLIA.
_Opposite-leaved Gnidia._
CLASS VIII. ORDER I.
_OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Eight Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX infundibuliformis, quadrifidus. Petala quatuor, calyci inserta.
Semen unicum, subbaccatum.
EMPALEMENT funnel-shaped, four-cleft. Petals four inserted into the
empalement. One seed berry-like.
See GNIDIA PINIFOLIA, Pl. LII. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Gnidia foliis ovatis, oppositis, concavis, tomentosis; floribus
terminalibus, tomentosis.