RECEPTACULUM fundo capsulæ adnatum, paleaceum; paleis coadunatis, apice
subulatis, semina distinguentibus.
EMPALEMENT. Cup one leaf, bell-shaped, five-toothed, blunt, very small,
remaining.
BLOSSOM. One petal, funnel-shaped; tube very long, rather curved; border
flat, five-cleft, obtuse.
CHIVES. Four threads, very short. Tips oblong, upright, fixed by the
back to the threads.
POINTAL. Seed-bud roundish, small. Shaft thread-shaped, the length of
the tube. Summit rather fleshy.
SEED-VESSEL. Capsule on the outside a berry, globular, one cell, two
valves.
SEEDS many, flat, convex on one side, angular on the other, roughly
punctured.
RECEPTACLE fixed to the bottom of the capsule, chaffy; chaffs joining at
the base, awl shaped at the point, separating the seeds.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Brunsfelsia foliis lanceolato-obovatis, utrinque acuminatis, petiolis
brevissimis; tubus parum incurvatus, laciniis limbi undulatis.
Brunsfelsia with leaves between lance and inversely egg-shaped, tapered
to both ends, footstalks very short; tube a little incurved, the
segments of the border waved.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement.
2. The tube of the blossom cut open, to shew the insertion and character
of the Chives.
3. The Pointal and Seed-bud.
The Genus Brunsfelsia (by Plumier so named, in honour of Otho Brunsfels
a monk, the first who edited in 1530 a Botanical work with good figures,
it contained 238 plates) has undergone a very necessary revision since
the days of Linnæus; indeed, it appears singular that Father Plumier,
from whom Linnæus quotes his Generic character, should have committed so
great an oversight, as to describe it with five chives; a feature
scarcely to be expected, from a sport of nature, in plants of this
Class. So however it is on record, and the fifth Class of the Gen. and
Spe. Plant, and of the Syst. Nat. tom. ii. each includes this Genus;
from which, we should be induced to think he had designed some other
plant; if the figure, and the rest of the description, did not confirm
it. Schreber, in his Gen. Plant, has likewise an observation, that the
fruit should be named a capsule, rather than a berry; as given by
Linnæus, Miller, and Swartz; his reason, that it splits determinately,
by a suture, from the top to the base.
Our species, is the third now in Britain; they are all natives of the
West India Islands. The 1st B. americana has been long an inhabitant of
our hothouses; the 2d B. maculata is but little known to most, though
long cultivated here; as it has been treated as a variety of the first
species, notwithstanding the strong specific difference, in the shape of
the leaves and blossoms; which in the B. maculata, are beautifully
marked at the base, and as large as the undulata; the leaves inversely
egg-shaped and more downy. The present plant seldom grows more than four
feet high, flowers freely about March, is very sweet scented, and is
easily propagated by cuttings. It was first sent to England in the year
1784 by Mr. Elcock from the Island of Barbadoes, to Messrs. Lee and
Kennedy, Hammersmith. Our drawing was made from a plant in the Clapham
Collection, in March 1800. It should be planted in rich earth.
[Illustration]
PLATE CLXVIII.
GERANIUM PICTUM.
_Painted-flowered Geranium._
CLASS XVI. ORDER IV.
_MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Threads united. Ten Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
MONOGYNA. Stigmata 5, Fructus rostratus, penta-coccus.
ONE POINTAL. Five Summits. Fruit furnished with long awns, five dry
berries.
See GERANIUM GRANDIFLORUM. Pl. XII. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Geranium foliis cordato-oblongis, obtusis, inequaliter incisis,
tomentosis, humi adpressis; corolla alba, petalis superioribus profundè
supra medium rubro maculatis; staminibus septem fertilibus; radice
tuberosa.
Geranium with oblong heart-shaped leaves, blunt, unequally gashed,
downy, and lying close to the ground; blossom white; the upper petals
deeply marked with red about the middle; seven fertile chives; root
tuberous.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement.
2. The Chives and Pointal, magnified.
3. The Chives spread open, magnified.
4. The Seed-bud, Shaft and Summit, magnified.
No Genus of Plants claims our notice, for its beauty, more than
Geranium, and this species, certainly, ranks amongst the foremost. It is
a native of the Cape of Good Hope, and we believe only to be found in
the Clapham Collection; where, our figure was taken in April this year,
from a plant, the bulb or root of which had been received the preceding
autumn. It is nearly the only one, amongst twenty-two species of the
tuberous kind, all having irregular petalled blossoms and tubular cups,
of which we possess drawings, that has seven fertile chives; the greater
number have two, four, or five. It appears to flourish under the
treatment given it by Mr. Allen, which is, by keeping it in sandy peat,
on a shelf, very dry, in the green-house. The propagation appears to be
the same for this, as the other tuberous kinds, that is, by the root.
[Illustration]
PLATE CLXIX.
CRINUM GIGANTEUM.
_Gigantic Asphodel-Lily._
CLASS VI. ORDER I.
_HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Six Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA supra, infundibuliformis, sexpartita, æqualis; filamenta tubi
fauci inserta; semina ad basin corollarum, vivipara.
BLOSSOM above, funnel-shaped, six-parted, equal; threads inserted into
the mouth of the tube; seeds at the base of the blossoms, viviparous.
See CRINUM SPIRALE, Pl. XCII. Vol. II.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Crinum foliis flaccidis, undulatis; floribus sessilibus, umbellatis;
petalis concavis, subalbidis.
Asphodel-Lily with flaccid, waved leaves; flowers sitting close to the
flower stem in umbels; petals concave, nearly white.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A miniature representation of the whole plant.
2. A Petal with its chive.
3. The Seed-bud, Shaft, and Summit.
The coast of Africa bordering on our settlement at Sierra Leone, has
furnished us with a number of beautiful plants; but none more so, than
those of the natural order of Lily; witness our present figure, which
was taken from a plant in the Hammersmith collection, in the month of
August 1800. The bulbs of this grand species of Crinum, were received by
her Ladyship, the Right Honourable the Marchioness of Rockingham, about
the year 1792, from Sierra Leone; they may be considered as hardy
hothouse plants, and may be kept in any part of it; will flower, freely,
about the month of August, the flower-stems rising, sometimes, to the
height of three feet. A mixture, of leaf mould, or sandy peat one half,
and light loam the other, is the best compost to make them flourish. It
is propagated from the seed, or offsets.--Having made a small
alteration, in the Essential Character of the Genus; and as it is likely
we may figure some other species of Crinums shortly; we think it
necessary to add a few words, to that point. The most ostensible
difference, we have been able to trace, in comparing above 40 species of
Crinums and Amaryllis’s, and on which to rest, with certainty, for
generical distinction; can, unquestionably, be taken only, from the
seeds; as these in most species of Pancratium, Hæmanthus, and all of
this Genus, are viviparous or formed like fleshy bulbs, producing
plants, like offsets taken from the original bulbs. From Pancratium it
is distinct, in being destitute of the Honey-cup; and equally so from
Hæmanthus, which has its sheath of many leaves, the flowers and chives
upright, and the chives, twice the length of the blossoms.
[Illustration]
PLATE CLXX.
IXIA BULBOCODIUM. _Var. flore speciosissimo._
_Crocus-leaved Ixia._ _Var. with most beautiful flower._
CLASS III. ORDER I.
_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA 6-petala, patens, æqualis. Stamina tria, erectiusculo-patula.
BLOSSOM 6-petals, spreading, equal. Chives three, upright, spreading.
See IXIA REFLEXA, Pl. XIV. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Ixia scapo unifloro; foliis linearibus, canaliculatis, scapo æquantibus;
corolla declinata, tubo brevi; stigmatibus sextuplicibus.
Ixia with one flower on the stem; leaves linear, and channelled, the
length of the flower-stem; blossom declined, with a short tube; summits
sextuple.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The two sheaths of the Empalement.
2. A Blossom cut and spread open, with the Chives, shewn from the
inside.
3. The same, shewn from the back or outside.
4. The Pointal, with the Summits, magnified.
This extremely delicate, and beautiful little Ixia, flowered, for the
first time, in March this year, 1801, in the collection of G. Hibbert,
Esq. Clapham Common; the bulbs having been received the preceding autumn
from the Cape of Good Hope. It appears to be one of those plants, which
seldom survive the second season, in this climate; and we much fear,
without a fresh supply, it will be soon lost to this country; as it does
not ripen its seeds, and the roots do not seem as if inclined to
increase by offsets.
[Illustration]
PLATE CLXXI.
HYPOXIS LINEARIS.
_Linear-leaved Hypoxis._
CLASS VI. ORDER I.
_HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Six Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA 6-partita, persistens, supera. Capsula basi angustior. Spatha
2-valvis.
BLOSSOM 6-parted, remaining, above. Capsule narrower at the base. Sheath
2-valved.
See HYPOXIS STELLATA, Pl. CI. Vol. II.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Hypoxis foliis linearibus, glabris, canaliculatis, longiore scapo
unifloro; corolla intus aurea, extus viridis.
Hypoxis with linear leaves, smooth, channelled, and longer than the
flower-stem, which has but one flower; blossom orange within, green
without.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. Chives and Seed-bud.
2. Pointal and Seed-bud, magnified.
3. The Seed-bud cut transversely.
At first, we had some doubts whether this plant should not be considered
as a variety of Hypoxis stellata, to which it undoubtedly affines; but,
upon due examination, find it a distinct and new species; as well, from
the shape and length of the leaves, as the shape, character, and colour
of the blossom, and figure of the root.
Like Hypoxis stellata it is a native of the Cape of Good Hope, and was
introduced, from thence, by Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, in the year 1792.
For its treatment, &c. we must refer our readers to the above species,
Pl. 101. Vol. 2. Our drawing was taken in March 1801 from a plant in the
Hibbertian Collection, Clapham Common. The flower of this plant, like
many of the Ixias, &c. is expanded but a few hours each day, and that
only, whilst under the influence of a strong morning sun; as, if the
weather is gloomy, it keeps close shut, but does not speedily decay, for
it will continue to open, with equal brilliancy, for eight or ten days.
[Illustration]
PLATE CLXXII.
ANEMONE PALMATA.
_Cyclamen-leaved Portugal Anemone._
CLASS XIII. ORDER VII.
_POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA._ Many Chives. Many Pointals.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX nullus.
COROLLA. Petala duorum triumve ordinum, in singula serie tria,
oblongiuscula.
STAMINA. Filamenta numerosa, capillaria, corolla dimidio breviora.
Antheræ didymæ, erectæ.
PISTILLA. Germina numerosa, in capitulum collecta. Styli acuminati.
Stigmata obtusa.
PERICARPIUM nullum. Receptaculum globosum, sive oblongum,
excavato-punctatum.
SEMINA plurima, acuminata, stylum retinentia.
EMPALEMENT none.
BLOSSOM. Petals in two or three rows, three in a row, rather oblong.
CHIVES. Threads numerous, hair-like, half the length of the blossom.
Tips doubled, erect.
POINTALS. Seed-buds numerous, collected into a small head. Shafts
tapered. Summits blunt.
SEED-VESSEL none. Receptacle globular or oblong, hollowed and dotted.
SEEDS many, tapered, retaining the shaft.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Anemone foliis reniformibus, sub-lobatis crenatis; involucro multifido;
petalis exterioribus villosis, majoribus.
Anemone with kidney-shaped leaves, a little lobed, scolloped; fence
many-cleft; the outer petals hairy and larger.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. An outer Petal of the Blossom, shewn from the inside.
2. The Chives, as they stand on the receptacle.
3. The small Head, as formed by the pointals.
4. A Seed-bud and its appendages, a little magnified.
This species of Anemone, is a native of Portugal, having been brought
from thence about the year 1788, and first cultivated at the Hammersmith
Nursery; the specific title of Lusitanica obtained for a time, but
little doubt rests now of its being the A. palmata of Linnæus’s Sp. Pl.
p. 758, and of Vahl, Desfontaines, &c. How the plant could first acquire
the name of palmata, is certainly a mystery; unless it might be, from
the appearance of the fence, which nevertheless but ill accords with
that character. Bauhin’s affination, as Cyclamen-leaved, is certainly
the most appropriate, as the leaves both in shape, and the colour of the
upper and under part, are exact with C. coum. It is rather too delicate
for our winters, if exposed in the open borders; but, makes a pretty
appearance, in spring, if kept in a pot, in light, rich earth. Like most
Anemonies, it propagates best by dividing the roots, which are long and
cylindrical; but, care must be taken not to water the pots, for some
time after planting, as they are apt to rot, where they are broken.
[Illustration]
PLATE CLXXIII.
GERANIUM ROSEUM.
_Rosy Geranium._
CLASS XVI. ORDER IV.
_MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Threads united. Ten Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
MONOGYNA. Stigmata quinque. Fructus rostratus, penta-coccus.
ONE POINTAL. Five Summits. Fruit furnished with long awns, five dry
berries.
See GERANIUM GRANDIFLORUM. Pl. XII. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Geranium foliis inciso-lobatis, tomentosis, lobis crenatis, obtusis;
pedunculis multifloris; floribus erectis, consertis, roseis, pentandris;
calycibus monophyllis; radice tuberosa.
Geranium with deeply-gashed, lobed, downy leaves, the lobes scolloped
and blunt; flower-stems many flowered; the flowers erect, crowded,
rose-coloured and with five tips; cups one-leaved; root tuberous.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The Empalement, with its hollow tube cut open.
2. The Chives cut open.
3. The Seed-bud, Shaft, and Summits.
About the year 1794, this species of Geranium was first introduced to
the Royal Gardens, Kew, by Mr. Francis Masson, from the Cape of Good
Hope. Of all the tuberous kind, this is, certainly, the most specious
yet in England; it flowers generally about March, in which month, our
drawing was made, from a specimen in the nursery of Mr. J. Colville,
King’s Road, Chelsea. Mr. Colville informs us, that the propagation is
very difficult, and only to be performed by the root; as the plant does
not produce any branches, and that the seeds do not ripen; he keeps it
in a mixture of rotten leaves, and sandy peat, in which, it has every
appearance of luxuriant health.
[Illustration]
PLATE CLXXIV.
ANTHOLYZA TUBULOSA. _Var. flore variegato._
_Tubular Antholyza._ _Striped flowered Var._
CLASS III. ORDER I.
_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA tubulosa, irregularis, recurvata, Capsula infera.
BLOSSOM tubular, irregular, and bent backward. Capsule beneath.
See ANTHOLYZA RINGENS, Pl. XXXII. Vol. I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Antholyza floribus tubulosis, subcylindraceis; scapo disticho, foliis
lanceolato-ensiformibus, breviore.
Antholyza with tubular, nearly cylindrical flowers; flower-stem with the
blossoms pointing two opposite ways, leaves between lance and sword
shaped, shorter.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Blossom of a variety, differing in the paleness, and size of the
flowers, and without variegation.
2. The Empalement.
3. A flower cut open, with the Chives attached.
4. The Seed-bud, Shaft, and Summits, one Summit magnified.
This fine species of Antholyza was received by Messrs. Grimwood and
Wykes, Kensington, from the Cape of Good Hope, in the year 1796; they
possess three varieties, and we should have been happy to have given a
blossom of the third, but, it was out of flower before our drawing was
taken, which was, in the end of June, this year. It is a hardy bulb, and
increases freely, either by the seed, or from the root, and should be
planted in sandy peat, with a small mixture of loam.
[Illustration]
PLATE CLXXV.
MELALEUCA ERICÆFOLIA.
_Heath-leaved Melaleuca._
CLASS XVIII. ORDER IV.
_POLYADELPHIA POLYANDRIA._ Threads in many sets. Many Chives.
GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX. Perianthium turbinatum, germini adnatum, quinquefidum seu
quinquedentatum.
COROLLA. Petala quinque, rotundata, calycis margini interiori inserta.
STAMINA. Filamenta numerosa, filiformia, in fasciculos quinque connata.
Antheræ incumbentes.
PISTILLUM. Germen turbinatum, fundo calycis adnatum. Stylus filiformis,
erectus. Stigma simplex.
PERICARPIUM. Capsula subglobosa, calycis ventre corticata, summitate
nuda, trilocularis, dissepimentis contrariis.
SEMINA plurima, oblonga, seu rotundato-angulata, seu alata.
EMPALEMENT. Cup turban-shaped, growing to the seed-bud, five-cleft or
five-toothed.
BLOSSOM. Five petals rounded, inserted into the inner margin of the cup.
CHIVES. Threads numerous, thread-shaped, united in five bundles. Tips
incumbent.
POINTAL. Seed-bud turban-shaped, growing to the bottom of the cup. Shaft
thread-shaped, erect. Summit simple.
SEED-VESSEL. Capsule nearly globular, coated by the belly of the cup,
the upper part naked, three-celled, partitions contrary.
SEEDS many, oblong, or rounded with angles, or winged.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Melaleuca foliis sparsis oppositisve, linearibus, enerviis, subrecurvis,
muticis; floribus sessilibus, apicem versus ramulorum confertis,
spicatis.
Melaleuca with scattered or opposite leaves, linear, without nerves, a
little turned back and beardless; flowers grow close to the stem,
crowded together near the end of the smaller branches in spikes.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A Prop, one which is to be found at the base of each flower.
2. A Blossom, natural size.
3. The same magnified.
4. One of the five bundles of Chives, with its Petal, to which it is
attached at the base, magnified.
5. The Cup, Seed-bud, Shaft and Summit, natural size, the summit
detached and magnified.
The plants from New Holland, of the natural order of Myrti; comprized
under the different Genera of Metrosideros, Eucalyptus, Leptospermum,
Myrtus, and this present one of Melaleuca; seem, from what we yet know,
to constitute a very distinguished part, of the woody vegetable
productions of that country: wherefore, we can have little hopes of
seeing many of them flower with us, at least, for many years to come.
The M. ericæfolia was amongst the first plants raised in 1788, by
Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, Hammersmith, from seeds; but, till this year,
we believe it has not been seen to flower, in any collection in Great
Britain; nor perhaps would it, as yet, had not a large and old plant,
been planted out in the novel and elegant conservatory of the Right Hon.
the Marquis of Blandford at White Knights, near Reading, Berks, from a
branch of which, obligingly communicated by his Lordship, our drawing
was taken, the beginning of July, this year.
The Plant grows to the height of six or seven feet, upright, very
branching, the branches weeping, and the flowers, which grow in spikes
or branches of about six inches in length, project, straight out, from
about the middle of the stem.
It grows best in a mixture of two thirds sandy peat, and one third loam;
may be propagated by cuttings made, from the tender shoots, in the month
of March, and kept under a glass, in the tan bed of the hothouse, or in
a melon frame until rooted.
This species of Melaleuca and the Metrosideros Nodosa of Gaertner, 1st
Vol. de fruct. p. 172, t. 34, f. 6, we must confider as the same, though
made by Dr. Smith, see Linn. Trans. Vol. III. p. 276, distinct species;
perhaps from specimens gathered at different times, differently dried,
or from different parts of the country.
[Illustration]
PLATE CLXXVI.
CRATÆVA CAPPAROIDES.
_Caper-like Cratæva._
CLASS XI. ORDER I.
_DODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Twelve Chives. One Pointal.
GENERIC CHARACTER. Schreb. _Gen. Plant. Vol. I. p. 320._
CALYX. Perianthium monophyllum, quadrifidum, deciduum, basi planum;
laciniis patentibus, ovatis, inæqualibus.
COROLLA. Petala quatuor, oblonga, unguibus tenuibus, longitudine
calycis, divisuris inserta.
STAMINA. Filamenta sedecim vel plura, setacea, corolla breviora. Antheræ
erectæ, oblongæ.
PISTILLUM. Germen, pedicello filiformi, longissimo, ovatum. Stylus
nullus. Stigma sessile, capitatum.
PERICARPIUM. Bacca? carnosa, globosa, maxima, pedicellata, unilocularis,
bivalvis.
SEMINA plura, subrotunda, emarginata, nidulantia.
EMPALEMENT. Cup one leaf, four-cleft, falling off, flat at the base;
segments spreading, egg-shaped, unequal.
BLOSSOM. Four petals, oblong, claws slender, the length of the cup and
inserted into the divisions.
CHIVES. Threads sixteen or more, like bristles, shorter than the
blossom. Tips erect, oblong.
POINTAL. Seed-bud on a thread-shaped and very long foot-stalk,
egg-shaped. Shaft none. Summit sitting on the seed-bud, headed.
SEED-VESSEL. A Berry? fleshy, globular, large, with a foot-stalk,
one-celled, two-valved.
SEEDS many, roundish, notched at the end, dispersed in pulp.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Cratæva foliolis elipticis, glabris; floribus umbellatis, terminalibus,
luteo-viridibus, petalis longissimis, apicibus crispis.
Cratæva with eliptical, smooth leaflets; flowers grow in umbels,
terminal and yellow green; petals very long, crisped at the ends.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. Shews the Pointal, part of the Chives, and three Petals of the
blossom; a few of the Chives, one of the Petals, and the leaves of the
Empalement, being removed, the better to exhibit the structure of the
blossom.
2. The Pointal, complete.
To Mr. Eldred Elfzelius, a native of Sweden, we are indebted for this
species of Cratæva; by whom it was brought to Great Britain, on his
return from Sierra Leone, in the year 1795. As a native of that burning
clime, it will not endure our winters, without the protection of the
hothouse; to which, as a climber, it is a considerable ornament, both in
foliage, and flower; the flowers coming, in succession, from June, till
August; perhaps, much later, as we believe, this is the first time its
blossoms have been produced in England. The propagation is extremely
easy, by cuttings; but, to give the plant sufficient vigour for
flowering, it must be planted in a border, prepared of old rotten dung,
sandy peat, and loam, of each, equal parts; separated from the tan-bed
by a partition of boards, sufficiently strong to support the earth, upon
the removal of the tan. This method of treating many of the tropical
climbers, and even the common Caper, though a native of the south of
Europe, has been found necessary to their production of flowers in this
country. Our figure was taken from a plant, treated in the above manner,
in the Stepney collection; from whence, through the kind indulgence of
the truly urbanic, and indefatigable proprietor, T. Evans, Esq. we are
in hopes of gratifying our botanical friends, with the figures of a
number of plants, new to this country; and of which he is, at present,
the sole possessor.
[Illustration]
PLATE CLXXVII.
IXIA PUNCTATA.
_Dotted flowered Ixia._
CLASS III. ORDER I.
_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA 6-partita, patens, æqualis.
STIGMATA 3, erectiusculo-patula.
BLOSSOM 6 divisions, spreading, equal.
SUMMITS three, nearly upright, spreading.
See Ixia reflexa, Pl. XIV. Vol I.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
Ixia foliis linearibus, scapo vaginantibus; scapus geniculatus,
subtriflorus; laciniis corollæ obovatis, lineato-punctatis, purpureis.