Rowland Foster, Nicholas Marshall, William Coxe, Edward Aynesley,
Armourers & freemen of the company of Armourers ar ordered to
deliver 1500 armours each month with arms, pikes &c. and to train
prentices and to mend, dress & stamp armours.” The document goes on
to state “you ar to approve of all such armour of the said common
armes & trayned bands as shall be found fit for service, and shall
trye all sorts of gunnes, pikes, bandaliers of the said common
armes and trayned bands before they be used or excersied and to
approve of such as are serviceable for warres at the owners charges
and being proved shall allow as fit for service and allowing
shall stamp the same with A. and a Crown being the hall mark for
the company of workmen armourers of London which marke or stamp
our pleasure is shall with consent of the lord lieutenant or his
deputy lieutenant remayne in their custodye who shall have the
charge to be intrusted with the execution of this service.... And
because diverse cutlers, smythes, tynkers & othe botchers of armes
by their unskilfulness have utterly spoiled many armes, armours
gunnes and pykes, and bandoliers ... we doe hereby prohibit that
noe person or persons whatever, not having served seven years or
been brought up as an apprentice or apprentices in the trade and
mysterie of an armourer, gun-maker, pyke-maker and bandolier-maker
and thereto served their full tyme of seven years as aforesaid ...
do make, alter, change, dress or repayr, prove or stamp any armes,
armours, gunnes, pykes or bandoliers ... we do absolutely forbid
that no ironmonger, cutler or chandler or other person whatsoever
doe vent or sell any armours, gunnes, pikes or bandoliers or any
part of them except such as shall be proved and stamped with the
said hall marke of the company of workmen armourers aforesaid being
the proofe marke ... that hereafter there shall be but one uniform
Fashion of Armour of the said Trayned Bands throughout our said
Kingdome of England & Dominion of Wales ... whereof the Patterns
are and shall remayne from tyme to tyme in our said Office (of
Ordinance).”
APPENDIX L
PETITION OF THE WORKMEN ARMOURERS OF LONDON TO THE COUNCIL
S.P.D. Car. I, cclxxxix, 93, May, 1635
Petitioners being few in number & most of them aged about 7 years
past sued to Her Mtie for some employment for preservation of
the manufacture of armour making within the kingdom. Her Mtie on
advice & report of the Council of War granted petitioners a patent
which 2 years passed the great seal & was then called for by the
Council for further consideration. Pray them to take the same into
consideration and the distress of petitioners & either to pass the
patent or if there be any omission in it to give orders for drawing
up another.
APPENDIX M
EXTRACT FROM SURVEY OF THE TOWER ARMOURY, 1660
Harl. MS. 7457
[Sidenote: _Greenwich._]
Wee doe find aswell upon our owne view as upon the information
of diverse officers of the Armoury stoorekeeper and others That
dureing the time of the late distraccions The severall Armes
amunition and Habiliments of Warre formerly remaineing in the
greene Gallery at Greenwich were all taken and carryed away by
sundry Souldiers who left the doore open; That sundry of the said
Armes were afterwards brought into the Tower of London by Mr.
Anneslye where they are still remaineing; That the Wainescot in
the said Gallery is now all pull’d downe and carryed away; and (as
We are informed) was imployed in wainescotting the house in the
Tower where the said Mr. Anneslye lived; That a great part of the
severall Tooles and other utensils for makeing of Armour formerly
remaineing in the Master Armourers workehouse there and at the
Armourers Mill, were alsoe within the tyme of the said distraccions
taken and carryed away (saving two old Trunkes bound about with
Iron, which are still remaineing in the said workehouse, One old
Glazeing wheele, still at the Mill, and one other glazeing wheele
sold to a Cutler in Shoo lane): That sundry of the said Tooles
and other utensills have since byn converted and sold to private
uses, by those who within the tyme of the late distraccions had the
Command and care of the said armes and Tooles, both at Greenwich
and at the Tower: That diverse of the said Tooles are still in
other private mens hands, who pretend they bought them: That the
great Anville (called the great Beare) is now in the custodye of
Mr. Michaell Basten, locksmith at Whitehall, and the Anville knowne
by the name of the little Beare, is in the custodie of Thomas Cope,
one of His Majesties Armourers; And one Combe stake in the Custody
of Henry Keeme one other of his Majesties Armourers And that the
said Mill formerly employed in grinding and glazeing and makeing
cleane of Armes, is destroyed and converted to other uses by one
Mr. Woodward who claims it by virtue of a Graunt from King James
(of blessed memorye) but the officers of the Armorye (for his
Majesties use) have it now in their possession.
[Sidenote: _Memorandum._]
That the severall distinguishments of the Armors and Furnitures
before mencioned, viz^t The first serviceable, The second
defective, and to be repaired, The third unserviceable, in their
owne kinds, yet may be employed for necessary uses, are soe
reported by Richard Kinge and Thomas Cox, two of his Majesties
Armorers at Greenwich, who were nominated and appointed in his
Majesties Commission, under his signe Manual before recited, to be
assistant in this Service: And we doe thinke the same to be by them
faithfully and honestly soe distinguished.
WILL. LEGGE, Master of his Majesties Armories.
J. ROBINSON, Lt: Ten: Toure.
JO. WOOD, Barth Beale.
INDEX
A
Alba, Duke of, 132
Albrecht, Harnischmeister, 9, 134
Almain armourers, 14
-- -- settle in England, 16
Almain Armourer’s Album, 19, 143
Almain rivet, 52
Amman, Jost, 24, 36
Angellucci, Major, on “proof,” 63, 67
Anvils, 24
Arbois, 14, 136
Armenia, Poisoned ore in, 40
Arming-doublet, 106
Arming-nails, 52
Arming-points, 30, 109, 111
Armour, Simplicity of English, 16
-- Boxes for, 82
-- cut up for lock-plates, 19
-- Disuse of, 116
-- Painted, 80
-- reinforced on left side, 52
-- Scarlet covering for, 93
-- Tinned, 33
-- Weights of, 42, 116
Armourers’ Company of London, 120
-- -- -- absorb the Bladesmiths, 124
-- -- -- and the informers Tipper and Dawe, 123
-- -- -- employed for coin-striking, 123
-- -- -- examine imported armour, 123
-- -- -- Hall-mark of, 124, 191
-- -- -- Regulations for apprentices of, 124
Armourers, Regulations for, 57
-- Marks of, 70
-- -- Illustrations of, 22-4, 36
Arrows for proving armour, 64
Ash, Monument at, 51, 106
Ashford, Helm at, 17, 18
Ashmolean Museum, Pictures in, 30, 98
-- -- Leather gauntlet in, 96
-- -- -- hat, 99
B
Banded mail, 46
Barcelona, 12
Bards of leather in Tower and Armeria Reale, Turin, 102
-- Painting of, 98
Barendyne helm, 17, 119
Barrel for cleaning armour, 79
Baskets for armour, 81
Battering-mills, 22, 35, 188
Beauchamp, Richard, Earl of Warwick, effigy of, 15, 138
-- Pageants, 15
Belleval, Marquis de, 113
Berardi, Guigliemo, Statue of, 74
Blewbery, John, 60
-- -- Tools of, 27, 30
Bordeaux, 12
Bottes, Armure à, 62
-- cassées, 62
Bracers for archers, 101
Bracket for sallad, 56
Bradshaw, Hat of, 99
Brampton, Nicholas, 88
Brassard, Construction of, 53
-- of cuir-bouilli, 100
Brescia, 13
Breughel, Picture by, 35, 92
Brigandarius, Office of, 61
Brigandine, Construction of, 29, 49
-- Marking of, 71
-- Proving of, 64
-- Reinforcing plates for the, 50
British Museum, Anvil and pincers in the, 24
-- -- Brigandine cap, 30
Brocas helm, 17, 111, 119
Buckram used for armour, 86
Buff coat, Last use of, 103
Bullato, Baltesar, 16
Burgmair, Hans, 131
Burgonet, Skilful forging of, 51
-- Meyrick’s views on the, 54
Burrel, Walter, on iron-smelting, 39
Burring machine, 36
Buttin, Charles, x, 62, 68, 100
C
Calverly, Sir Hugh, discards leg-armour, 115
Camail, Construction of, 45
Camelio, Vittore, 131
Campi, Bartolomeo, 37, 76, 132
Cantoni brothers, 133
Castile, Helmet of King of, 73
Catheloigne, 13
Cavalry, Weight of modern equipment of, 119
Cellini, Benvenuto, on damascening, 76
Chalcis, Italian armour from, 18, 78
-- Brigandine-plates from, 50
Charnel, The, 111
Charles I, Armour of, 76
Charles V, 2, 16, 132, 134
Chiesa, Pompeo della, 37, 140
Christian II, Armour in Dresden of, 75
Cloueur, Demi, 62
-- Haute, 62
Clous perdus, 11
Coats of fence, 84, 87
Colleoni, Pauldrons on statue of, 5
Colman, Coloman, 133
-- Desiderius, 134
-- -- his rivalry with the Negrolis, 16
-- Lorenz, 133
Cologne, 12
Cosson, Baron de, x, 84, 138
Craft rules, 3
Cramer, J., 44
Cuir-bouilli, 97
Cuisse for foot-soldier, 6
Curzon, The Hon. R., 96
D
D’Aubernon, Brass of Sir John, 74
Davies, Edward, 48
Dawtrey helm, 119
De Bures, Brass of Sir Robert, 74
Deforestation due to iron-smelting, 58
Derby, Earl of, brings over Milanese armourers, 15
Derrick’s _Image of Ireland_, 48
Dillon, Viscount, x, 107, 109, 144
-- -- Ditchley accounts, 19
-- -- on proof of armour, 66
Dobbles, 28, 104
Doul, Dr., and the Armourers’ Company, 122
Dover Castle inventory, 25, 33, 79
Dresden, Armour in, 75, 80, 134-7, 140
Dudley, Dud, 40, 41
Dürer, Albrecht, 89, 131
E
Edward II and the Armourers’ Company, 121
England, Documents relating to armourers in, 57-60
“Engraved suit,” Tower, 10, 53, 74, 142
Eyelet coats, 90
Erasmus (Kirkenor), 60
Erith, Plating-mills at, 34, 188
Estramaçon, Proof by, 62
F
Fabrics imitated in armour, 77
Falkenor, Petition by, 59
Falstoffe, Inventory of Sir John, 92
Field of the Cloth of Gold, Armourers at, 31
Florence, Armourers of, 14
Fogge Helm, 17
Foulke, Roger, 41
Framlingham Castle inventory, 25
Frauenpreis, Matthaias, 135
G
Galeazzo Maria Sforza, 133
Galliot de Balthasin, 113
Gambesons, Regulations for making, 85
-- soaked in vinegar, 92
Garbagnus, 21, 68
Gauntlet discarded for complex sword-hilt, 7
Gaya mentions proof of armour, 28, 69
“Glancing surface,” The, 3, 4
Glazing-wheels, 31
Goodrich Court, Leather armour at, 98
-- -- New College armour at, 65
Gratz, Armoury at, 18
“Great Bear” anvil, 35, 193
Greenwich, Workshops at, 32
-- Painting of a jack at, 49
Gresham, Steelyard of Sir Thomas, 19
Grünewalt, Hans, 135
Guiart, 84
Guidobaldo II, 132
Guise, Armour of the Duc de, 65, 118
Gustavus Adolphus, Leather coat of, 88
-- -- -- guns of, 99, 102
H
Hall-mark of the Armourers’ Company, 60, 70, 120
Hampton Court, Portrait of the Duc de Nevers at, 30, 111
Haselrigg’s “lobsters,” 81
Hastings MS. mention of padding, 88
-- -- regulations for undergarments, 107
-- Battle of, 1
Haustement, The, 111
Hearne, his visit to Ditchley, 19
Helm for “barriers,” 7
-- Fastenings for, 112
Helmet-caps, 89
Helmschmied, see Colman
Helmsmith at work, 23
Hengrave Hall inventory, 48
Henry VIII, suit for fighting on foot, 57
-- “Engraved” suit, 10, 53, 74, 142
Henry VIII imports armourers, 16
Henry, Prince of Wales, Armour of, 11, 20, 59
Hewitt, John, ix, 125
Hill, Treatise of Johan, 93, 173
Hippopotamus hide used for armour, 102
Holinshed’s description of jacks, 90
Homildon, Arrows at the battle of, 38
Hope, David le, 57
Hopfer, Daniel, 136
Horse-armour, 8
-- padded, 85
-- of leather, 102
-- laminated, 9, 134
Horse-trappers, 84
-- of leather, 98
I
Infantry, Weight of modern equipment of, 118, 119
Iron mills, 58
-- ore, Poisoned, 40
-- Prices of, 39
Isebrook, as used by Shakespeare, 38
J
Jack, Construction of, 49, 50
-- Regulations of Louis XI for, 87
-- stuffed with horn and mail, 92
Jacobi mentioned as master workman, 66
James II, Proclamation against use of gold and silver foliate, 59, 187
Joinville, Armour given by the Prince de, 11
Jousting, Position of rider in, 5
Jousting-armour, Construction of, 7
Jousting-helm, Occularium of, 5
-- Fastenings of, 112
K
Kelk, John, and the Armourers’ “Mannakine,” 125
Knopf, Heinrich, 75
Kugler supplies inferior metal to Seusenhofer, 13, 38, 142
Kyrkenor, Erasmus, 60
L
Lames simulated by embossing, 11
La Noue criticizes weight of armour, 117
Leather horse-armour, 102
-- guns, 99, 102
-- cuisses and morion, 98
Lee, Sir Henry, Armour of, 19, 144
-- -- Helmet of, 89, 145
-- -- Trial of armour by, 66
-- -- Master of the Armouries, 59
Legg, Col. William, Master of the Armouries, 34, 193
“Leicester” suit in the Tower, 57, 144
Lewisham, Armoury mill at, 35
Lindsay helm, 119
Linen armourers, 88, 94
Lochner, Conrad, 136
Locking-gauntlet in Armourers’ Hall, 55, 125, 145
Locking-hooks, 55, 56
Locking-pins, 55
Louis XIV, Armour of, 21
-- Proof mark on armour of, 68
M
Madrid, Armour in, 16, 29, 57, 75, 76, 111, 119, 131-7, 140
Mail cut up for gussets and sleeves, 19
-- Construction of, 44
-- Double, 45
-- Proof of, 62
-- Marking of, 70
-- Painted, 80
-- used at end of sixteenth century, 103
-- Banded, 146
-- makers, 23
Manifer, Main faire, Main de fer, x, 92
Mantegna, Picture of S. George by, 15, 138
Mantua, Francesco di, 134
Marche, Oliver de la, mentions secret tempering for armour, 67
-- -- -- -- leather for duelling-armour, 98
Martin, John, Erection of plating-mills by, 34, 188
-- -- appeals for German platers, 121, 188
Mary of Burgundy, 14
Maximilian I, 133-7
Maximilian II, 2, 14, 134, 136, 141, 142
-- his theories on making armour, 16, 143
Mendlesham, Village armoury at, 18, 90
Merate brothers, 14, 136
Merchant Tailors, 95
Meyrick, Sir Samuel, ix
-- -- his theories on banded mail, 48
-- -- -- -- the burgonet, 54
Milan, 12, 13, 138
-- Important factories of armour in, 15
Milanese armourers employed by Henry VIII, 16, 58
Mildmay, Sir Walter, and the Armourers’ Company, 122
“Milliner” derived from Milaner, 94
Missaglia, The, 21, 137
-- Helm in the Tower by, 7
-- Antonio, Marks of, 50
-- -- Armour by, 14, 139
-- Tomaso, Armour by, 138
Mola, Gasparo, 139
Montauban, Chapeaux de, 12
Moroni, Portraits by, 109
“Muhlberg” suit of Charles V, 57
Multscher, Hans, Statue of S. George by, 14
Musée d’Artillerie, Armour in, 21, 57, 64, 65, 68, 71, 74, 111, 119,
136, 139, 140, 143
-- -- Eyelet coat in, 90
-- -- Horse-armour in, 8
-- -- Leather guns in, 102
N
Nasal, The, 46
Negrolis, 12, 16, 75, 140
New College, Armour from, 19, 65
New York, Anvil in Metropolitan Museum, 24
Niello-work as decoration for armour, 74
North, The Hon. Robert, describes padded armour, 94
Northumberland, Equipage of the Earl of, 30, 111
O
Or San Michele, Statue of S. George in, 14
Ortolano, Picture by, 30
P
Painted Chamber, Westminster, Frescoes in, 8
Passau, 13
-- Mark of the city of, 71
Parkes, his fowling-piece of “Dudley ore,” 41
Passe-guard, x, 52, 92
-- wrong use of the word, x, 4
Pauldrons, Large, 5
Pavia, Picture of the battle of, 98
Peffenhauser, Anton, 11, 75, 140
Peruzzi, Marchese, 19
Petit of Blois, 76
Petworth, Helm at, 18
Piccinino, Lucio, 11, 140
Pickering, William, 20, 59, 122
Piers Gaveston, Inventory of, 73
Pitt-Rivers Museum, Culottes and coats of fence in the, 84
Plate armour on legs, Reasons for, 3
Platers, 22
Plates, Size of, 42
Plating-mills, 34, 188
Pluvinel, De, 114
Poldermitton, The, 7
Poore, William, suggests a preservative for armour, 81
Porte de Hal Musée, Horse-cuissard in, 9
-- -- -- Eyelet coat in, 90
Privy coats, 87
Proof of armour, 62-72
-- -- -- by Sir Henry Lee, 66
-- marks on bascinet in Tower, 64
-- -- on armour of Louis XIV, 68
R
René, King, 85, 88, 101
Rerebrace, Construction of the, 5
Richmond at Bosworth Field, 2
Richmond, John, and the Armourers’ Company, 123
Rivets filed flat, 4
Rivet, Sliding, 52, 53
-- word used for a suit of armour, 52
Robinet, the King’s tailor, 82, 91
Rogers, Prof. Thorold, 38
Rosebecque, Battle of, 101
Rudolph of Nuremberg, 44
Ryall, Henry de, 94
S
S. Demetrius, Picture of, 30
S. George, Statuette by Multscher of, 15
-- -- at Prague of, 51
-- Engravings by Dürer of, 89
S. Victor, Picture at Glasgow of, 51
S. William, Carving at Strasburg of, 106
Sallad cap, 89
-- Cover for, 93
-- Venetian, 93
Sanseverino, Armour of Roberto di, 14
Saulx-Tavannes, J. de, 28
Saxe, Marshal, 65, 99
Search, Right of, 20, 58, 121
Sebastian, Armour of King, 75, 140
Seusenhofers, The, 141
Seusenhofer, Conrad, 10, 74, 77, 141
-- -- complains of inferior metal, 13
-- -- his workshop described in the _Weisz Künig_, 15
Shrewsbury, Gild of Armourers at, 59
Sidney, Sir Philip, 115
Sigismond of Tirol, Armour of, 21
Siris bronzes, 73
Sliding rivet, Construction of, 10, 52, 53
Smith, Sir John, 91, 113, 145
Solingen, 13
Solleret, Construction of, 6
-- Unpractical, 11
_Speculum Regale_, 84
Splinted armour, 49, 51
Spring-pins, 56
Staley, E., 14
Stamps, Armourer’s, 72
Stanley, John, Sergeant Armourer, 26
Staples for helms, 111
Stibbert Museum, 19
Stokes, W., _The Vaulting Master_, 113
Stone, Benjamin, blade-maker, 60
Sturtevant’s _Metallica_, 63
Surcoat, The use of, 79
Sword-pommels used for weights, 19
T
Thyrkill, Richard, 71
Tilt-hammers, 35, 40
Toledo, 13
Tonlet, 109
Tools, 24-31
Topf, Jacob, 143
-- -- Armour by, 19, 76
-- -- Armour in Armourers’ Hall by, 125
-- -- Peculiarity of hook on armets by, 21
Toulouse, 12
Tower of London, Armour in, 11, 53, 57, 74, 119, 137, 139, 142, 144, 145
-- -- Helm by the Missaglias in, 7, 64
-- -- Jacks in, 49
“Toiras” armour, 60
Tresses, 109
Turin, Armeria Reale, 71, 102, 141
Tyler, Wat, destroys a jack, 49
U
Undergarments, 106
V
Vambrace, Construction of, 6
Van der Goes, Picture in Glasgow by, 50
_Vaulting Master, The_, 113
_Verney Memoirs_, mention of proof of armour, 68
-- -- -- -- fit of armour, 105
Versy, 12
Vervelles, 46
Vienna, Armour in, 14, 133-41, 143, 145
-- Brigandine in, 50
-- Helm-cap in, 89
-- Helmet-covers in, 93
Vireton, 64
W
Wallace helm, 18, 117
-- Collection, Horse-armour in, 9
-- -- Armour in, 134, 139, 145
-- -- Bascinet and camail in, 46
-- -- Tools in, 24
Waller, J. G., his views on banded mail, 48
Walsingham, 49
Way, Albert, 107
_Weisz Künig_, 15, 141, 142
-- -- Armourer’s tools figured in, 28
Westminster helm, 17, 18, 119
-- Workshops in, 32
Whalebone used for gloves and jacks, 100
Whetstone, his project for light armour of proof, 59
Willars de Honnecourt, 45
William the Conqueror, 1
Willoughby, Jack of Sir John, 49
Windsor Park Tournament, 29, 100
Wire-drawing, Invention of, 44
Woolvercote, Sword-mills at, 34
Woolwich Rotunda, Tools in the, 24
-- -- helm, 18
-- -- leather guns, 102
Z
Zeller, Walter, 92
Zurich, 18
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TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE
Footnotes [10] to [18] have multiple anchors on page 25.
Footnote [80] has two anchors on page 63.
Footnote [129] has two anchors on page 119.
Footnote [138] has three anchors on page 127.
Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been
corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within
the text and consultation of external sources.
Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text,
and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained.
Pg xiii: page number ‘vii’ replaced by ‘ix’.
Pg 20: ‘often exhibition some’ replaced by ‘often exhibiting some’.
Pg 26: ‘but the “hurthestaff”’ replaced by ‘but the “hurthestaf”’.
Pg 26: ‘The “cottyngyr” and’ replaced by ‘The “cottyngyre” and’.
Pg 40: ‘Gay’s Encylopædia’ replaced by ‘Gay’s Encyclopædia’.
Pg 87: ‘seur ledii jacques’ replaced by ‘seur ledit jacques’.
Fig. 48 caption: ‘Ashmolean Musem’ replaced by ‘Ashmolean Museum’.
Pg 111: ‘26 genouillère’ replaced by ‘26 genouillière’.
Pg 129: ‘Grünewald, Hans’ replaced by ‘Grünewalt, Hans’.
Pg 151: ‘Hans Guïnewalt’ replaced by ‘Hans Grünewalt’.
Pg 163: ‘Oberarmzeng’ replaced by ‘Oberarmzeug’.
Pg 173: ‘blank space’ replaced by ‘ ... ’.
Pg 174: ‘blank space’ replaced by ‘ ... ’.
GLOSSARY.
Entries for ‘javelin’ ‘bravette’ ‘lists’ are referenced but they
do not exist.
Section ‘O’: ‘Oberarmzeng’ replaced by ‘Oberarmzeug’.
INDEX.
There were several references to the Preface at pages ‘vii’ and ‘viii’.
This numbering was incorrect and has been changed to ‘ix’ and ‘x’.
Kelk: ‘“Manakine,” 125’ replaced by ‘“Mannakine,” 125’.
La Noue: ‘armour, 116’ replaced by ‘armour, 117’.