_Of the Division of Time. A perpetual Table of New Moons._ _The Times of
the Birth and Death of_ CHRIST. _A Table of remarkable Æras or Events._
406. The parts of time are _Seconds_, _Minutes_, _Hours_, _Days_,
_Years_, _Cycles_, _Ages_, and _Periods_.
[Sidenote: A Year.]
407. The original standard, or integral measure of Time, is a year;
which is determined by the Revolution of some Celestial Body in its
Orbit, _viz._ the _Sun_ or _Moon_.
[Sidenote: Tropical Year.]
408. The time measured by the Sun’s Revolution in the Ecliptic, from any
Equinox or Solstice to the same again, is called the _Solar_ or
_Tropical Year_, which contains 365 days 5 hours 48 minutes 57 seconds;
and is the only proper or natural year, because it always keeps the same
seasons to the same months.
[Sidenote: Sidereal year.]
409. The quantity of time, measured by the Sun’s Revolution, as from any
fixed Star to the same Star again, is called the _Sidereal Year_; which
contains 365 days 6 hours 9 minutes 14-1/2 seconds; and is 20 minutes
17-1/2 seconds longer than the true Solar Year.
[Sidenote: Lunar Year.]
410. The time measured by twelve Revolutions of the Moon, from the Sun
to the Sun again, is called the _Lunar Year_; it contains 354 days 8
hours 48 minutes 37 seconds; and is therefore 10 days 21 hours 0 minutes
20 seconds shorter than the Solar Year. This is the foundation of the
Epact.
[Sidenote: Civil Year.]
411. The _Civil Year_ is that which is in common use among the different
nations of the world; of which, some reckon by the Lunar, but most by
the Solar. The Civil Solar Year contains 365 days, for three years
running, which are called _Common Years_; and then comes in what is
called the _Bissextile_ or _Leap-Year_, which contains 366 days. This is
also called the _Julian Year_ on account of _Julius Cæsar_, who
appointed the Intercalary-day every fourth year, thinking thereby to
make the Civil and Solar Year keep pace together. And this day, being
added to the 23d of _February_, which in the _Roman_ Calendar, was the
sixth of the Calends of _March_, _that_ sixth day was twice reckoned, or
the 23d and 24th were reckoned as one day; and was called _Bis sextus
dies_, and thence came the name _Bissextile_ for that year. But in our
common Almanacks this day is added at the end of _February_.
[Sidenote: Lunar Year.]
412. The _Civil Lunar Year_ is also common or intercalary. The common
Year consists of 12 Lunations, which contain 354 days; at the end of
which, the year begins again. The _Intercalary_, or _Embolimic_ Year is
that wherein a month was added, to adjust the Lunar Year to the Solar.
This method was used by the _Jews_, who kept their account by the Lunar
Motions. But by intercalating no more than a month of 30 days, which
they called _Ve-Adar_, every third year, they fell 3-3/4 days short of
the Solar Year in that time.
[Sidenote: _Roman_ Year.]
413. The _Romans_ also used the _Lunar Embolimic Year_ at first, as it
was settled by _Romulus_ their first King, who made it to consist only
of ten months or Lunations; which fell 61 days short of the Solar Year,
and so their year became quite vague and unfixed; for which reason, they
were forced to have a Table published by the High Priest, to inform them
when the spring and other seasons began. But _Julius Cæsar_, as already
mentioned, § 411, taking this troublesome affair into consideration,
reformed the Calendar, by making the year to consist of 365 days 6
hours.
[Sidenote: The original of the _Gregorian_, or _New Style_.]
414. The year thus settled, is what we still make use of in _Britain_:
but as it is somewhat more than 11 minutes longer than the _Solar
Tropical Year_, the times of the Equinoxes go backward, and fall earlier
by one day in about 130 years. In the time of the _Nicene Council_ (A.
D. 325.) which was 1431 years ago, the vernal Equinox fell on the 21st
of _March_: and, if we divide 1431 by 130, it will quote 11, which is
the number of days the Equinox has fallen back since the Council of
_Nice_. This causing great disturbances, by unfixing the times of the
celebration of _Easter_, and consequently of all the other moveable
Feasts, Pope _Gregory_ the 13th, in the year 1582 ordered ten days to be
at once struck out of that year; and the next day after the fourth of
_October_ was called the fifteenth. By this means the vernal Equinox was
restored to the 21st of _March_; and it was endeavoured, by the omission
of three intercalary days in 400 years, to make the civil or political
year keep pace with the Solar for time to come. This new form of the
year is called the _Gregorian Account_ or _New Style_; which is received
in all Countries where the Pope’s Authority is acknowledged, and ought
to be in all places where truth is regarded.
[Sidenote: Months.]
415. The principal division of the year is into _Months_, which are of
two sorts, namely _Astronomical_ and _Civil_. The Astronomical month is
the time in which the Moon runs through the _Zodiac_, and is either
_Periodical_ or _Synodical_. The Periodical Month is the time spent by
the Moon in making one compleat Revolution from any point of the Zodiac
to the same again; which is 27^d 7^h 43^m. The Synodical Month, called a
_Lunation_, is the time contained between the Moon’s parting with the
Sun at a Conjunction, and returning to him again; which is in 29^d 12^h
44^m. The Civil Months are those which are framed for the uses of Civil
life; and are different as to their names, number of days, and times of
beginning, in several different Countries. The first month of the
_Jewish Year_ fell according to the Moon in our _August_ and
_September_, Old Style; the second in _September_ and _October_, and so
on. The first month of the _Egyptian Year_ began on the 29th of our
_August_. The first month of the _Arabic_ and _Turkish Year_ began the
16th of _July_. The first month of the _Grecian Year_ fell according to
the Moon in _June_ and _July_, the second in _July_ and _August_, and so
on, as in the following Table.
+----+--------------------------+----++----+-----------------------+----+
|N^o | The Jewish year. |Days||N^o | The Egyptian year. |Days|
+----+--------------------------+----++----+-----------------------+----+
| 1 |Tisri Aug.-Sept.| 30 || 1 |Thoth August 29 | 30 |
| 2 |Marchesvan Sept.-Oct.| 29 || 2 |Paophi Septemb. 28 | 30 |
| 3 |Casleu Oct.-Nov. | 30 || 3 |Athir October 28 | 30 |
| 4 |Tebeth Nov.-Dec. | 29 || 4 |Chojac Novemb. 27 | 30 |
| 5 |Shebat Dec.-Jan. | 30 || 5 |Tybi Decemb. 27 | 30 |
| 6 |Adar Jan.-Feb. | 29 || 6 |Mechir January 26 | 30 |
| 7 |Nisan _or_ Abib Feb.-Mar. | 30 || 7 |Phamenoth Februar. 25 | 30 |
| 8 |Jiar Mar.-Apr. | 29 || 8 |Parmuthi March 27 | 30 |
| 9 |Sivan April-May | 30 || 9 |Pachon April 26 | 30 |
| 10 |Tamuz May-June | 29 || 10 |Payni May 26 | 30 |
| 11 |Ab June-July | 30 || 11 |Epiphi June 25 | 30 |
| 12 |Elul July-Aug. | 29 || 12 |Mesori July 25 | 30 |
+----+--------------------------+----++----+-----------------------+----+
| Days in the year |354 || _Epagomenæ_ or days added | 5 |
+-------------------------------+----++----------------------------+----+
|In the __Embolimic_ year after | || Days in the year |365 |
| _Adar_ they added a month | || | |
| called _Ve-Adar_ of 30 days. | || | |
+-------------------------------+----++----------------------------+----+
+---+-------------------------+----++---+----------------------------+----+
|N^o|The _Arabic_ and |Days||N^o|The ancient _Grecian_ year. |Days|
| | _Turkish_ year. | || | | |
+---+-------------------------+----++---+----------------------------+----+
| 1 |Muharram July 16 | 30 || 1 |Hecatombæon June-July | 30 |
| 2 |Saphar August 15 | 29 || 2 |Metagitnion July-Aug. | 29 |
| 3 |Rabia I. Septemb. 13 | 30 || 3 |Boedromion Aug.-Sept. | 30 |
| 4 |Rabia II. October 13 | 29 || 4 |Pyanepsion Sept.-Oct. | 29 |
| 5 |Jomada I. Novemb. 11 | 30 || 5 |Mæmacterion Oct.-Nov. | 30 |
| 6 |Jomada II. Decemb. 11 | 29 || 6 |Posideon Nov.-Dec. | 29 |
| 7 |Rajab January 9 | 30 || 7 |Gamelion Dec.-Jan. | 30 |
| 8 |Shasban February 8 | 29 || 8 |Anthesterion Jan.-Feb. | 29 |
| 9 |Ramadan March 9 | 30 || 9 |Elapheloblion Feb.-Mar. | 30 |
|10 |Shawal April 8 | 29 ||10 |Munichion Mar.-Apr. | 29 |
|11 |Dulhaadah May 7 | 30 ||11 |Thargelion April-May | 30 |
|12 |Dulheggia June 5 | 29 ||12 |Schirrophorion May-June | 29 |
+---+-------------------------+----++---+----------------------------+----+
| Days in the year |354 || Days in the year |354 |
+-----------------------------+----++--------------------------------+----+
|The _Arabians_ add 11 days at the end of every year, which keep the same |
| months to the same seasons. |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
[Sidenote: Weeks]
416. A month is divided into four parts called _Weeks_, and a Week into
seven parts called _Days_; so that in a _Julian_ Year there are 13 such
Months, or 52 Weeks, and one Day over. The Gentiles gave the names of
the Sun, Moon, and Planets to the Days of the Week. To the first, the
Name of the _Sun_; to the second, of the _Moon_; to the third, of
_Mars_; to the fourth, of _Mercury_; to the fifth, of _Jupiter_; and to
the sixth, of _Saturn_.
[Sidenote: Days]
417. A Day is either _Natural_ or _Artificial_. The Natural Day contains
24 hours; the Artificial the time from Sun-rise to Sun-set. The Natural
Day is either _Astronomical_ or _Civil_. The Astronomical Day begins at
Noon, because the increase and decrease of Days terminated by the
Horizon are very unequal among themselves; which inequality is likewise
augmented by the inconstancy of the horizontal Refractions § 183: and
therefore the Astronomer takes the Meridian for the limit of diurnal
Revolutions; reckoning Noon, that is the instant when the Sun’s Center
is on the Meridian, for the beginning of the Day. The _British_,
_French_, _Dutch_, _Germans_, _Spaniards_, _Portuguese_, and
_Egyptians_, begin the Civil Day at mid-night: the antient _Greeks_,
_Jews_, _Bohemians_, _Silesians_, with the modern _Italians_, and
_Chinese_, begin it at Sun-setting: And the antient _Babylonians_,
_Persians_, _Syrians_, with the modern _Greeks_, at Sun-rising.
[Sidenote: Hours]
418. An _Hour_ is a certain determinate part of the Day, and is either
equal or unequal. An equal Hour is the 24th part of a mean natural Day,
as shewn by well regulated Clocks and Watches; but those Hours are not
quite equal as measured by the returns of the Sun to the Meridian,
because of the obliquity of the Ecliptic and Sun’s unequal motion in it
§ 224-245. Unequal Hours are those by which the Artificial Day is
divided into twelve Parts, and the Night into as many.
[Sidenote: Minutes, Seconds, Thirds, and Scruples.]
419. An Hour is divided into 60 equal parts called _Minutes_, a minute
into 60 equal parts called Seconds, and these again into 60 equal parts
called _Thirds_. The _Jews_, _Chaldeans_, and _Arabians_, divide the
Hour into 1080 equal parts called _Scruples_; which number contains 18
times 60, so that one minute contains 18 Scruples.
[Sidenote: Cycles, of the Sun, Moon, and Indiction.]
420. A _Cycle_ is a perpetual round, or circulation of the same parts of
time of any sort. The _Cycle of the Sun_ is a revolution of 28 years, in
which time, the days of the months return again to the same days of the
week; the Sun’s Place to the same Signs and Degrees of the Ecliptic on
the same months and days, so as not to differ one degree in 100 years;
and the leap-years begin the same course over again with respect to the
days of the week on which the days of the months fall. The _Cycle of the
Moon_, commonly called the _Golden Number_, is a revolution of 19 years;
in which time, the Conjunctions, Oppositions, and other Aspects of the
Moon are within an hour and half of being the same as they were on the
same days of the months 19 years before. The _Indiction_ is a revolution
of 15 years, used only by the _Romans_ for indicating the times of
certain payments made by the subjects to the republic: It was
established by _Constantine_, A.D. 312.
[Sidenote: To find the Years of these Cycles.]
421. The year of our SAVIOUR’s Birth, according to the vulgar _Æra_, was
the 9th year of the Solar Cycle; the first year of the Lunar Cycle; and
the 312th year after his birth was the first year of the _Roman_
Indiction. Therefore, to find the year of the Solar Cycle, add 9 to any
given year of CHRIST, and divide the sum by 28, the Quotient is the
number of Cycles elapsed since his birth, and the remainder is the Cycle
for the given year: if nothing remains, the Cycle is 28. To find the
Lunar Cycle, add 1 to the given year of CHRIST, and divide the sum by
19; the Quotient is the number of Cycles elapsed in the interval, and
the remainder is the Cycle for the given year: if nothing remains, the
Cycle is 19. Lastly, subtract 312 from the given year of CHRIST, and
divide the remainder by 15; and what remains after this division is the
Indiction for the given year: if nothing remains, the Indiction is 15.
[Sidenote: The deficiency of the Lunar Cycle, and consequence thereof.]
422. Although the above deficiency in the Lunar Cycle of an hour and
half every 19 years be but small, yet in time it becomes so sensible as
to make a whole Natural Day in 310 years. So that, although this Cycle
be of use, when rightly placed against the days of the month in the
Calendar, as in our _Common Prayer Books_, for finding the days of the
mean Conjunctions or Oppositions of the Sun and Moon, and consequently
the time of _Easter_; it will only serve for 310 years _Old Style_. For
as the New and Full Moons anticipate a day in that time, the Golden
Numbers ought to be placed one day earlier in the Calendar for the next
310 years to come. These Numbers were rightly placed against the days of
New Moon in the Calendar, by the Council of _Nice_, A. D. 325; but the
anticipation which has been neglected ever since, is now grown almost
into 5 days: and therefore, all the Golden Numbers ought now to be
placed 5 days higher in the Calendar for the _O.S._ than they were at
the time of the said Council; or six days lower for the _New Style_,
because at present it differs 11 days from the _Old_.
+----++----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
|Days||Jan.|Feb.|Mar.|Apr.|May |Jun.|Jul.|Aug.|Sep.|Oct.|Nov.|Dec.|
+----++----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| 1 || 9 | | 9 | 17 | 17 | 6 | | | | 11 | | 19 |
| 2 || | 17 | | | 6 | 14 | 14 | 3 | 11 | | 19 | |
| 3 || 17 | 6 | 17 | 6 | | | 3 | 11 | | 19 | 8 | 8 |
| 4 || 6 | | 6 | 14 | 14 | 3 | | | 19 | 8 | | 16 |
| 5 || | 14 | | | 3 | 11 | 11 | 19 | 8 | | 16 | |
+----++----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| 6 || 14 | 3 | 14 | 3 | | | 19 | | | 16 | 5 | 5 |
| 7 || 3 | | 3 | 11 | 11 | 19 | | 8 | 16 | | | 13 |
| 8 || | 11 | | | 19 | 8 | 8 | 16 | 5 | 5 | 13 | |
| 9 || 11 | 19 | 11 | 19 | | | | | | 13 | | 2 |
| 10 || | | 19 | 8 | 8 | 16 | 16 | 5 | 13 | | 2 | 10 |
+----++----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| 11 || 19 | 8 | | | | | 5 | 13 | 2 | 2 | 10 | |
| 12 || 8 | 16 | 8 | 16 | 16 | 5 | | | | 10 | | 18 |
| 13 || | | | | 5 | 13 | 13 | 2 | 10 | | 18 | 7 |
| 14 || 16 | 5 | 16 | 5 | | | 2 | 10 | 18 | 18 | 7 | |
| 15 || 5 | | 5 | 13 | 13 | 2 | | | | 7 | | 15 |
+----++----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| 16 || | 13 | | | 2 | 10 | 10 | 18 | 7 | | 15 | |
| 17 || 13 | 2 | 13 | 2 | | | 18 | 7 | | 15 | 4 | 4 |
| 18 || 2 | | 2 | 10 | 10 | 18 | | | 15 | | | 12 |
| 19 || | 10 | | | 18 | 7 | 7 | 15 | 4 | 4 | 12 | |
| 20 || 10 | 18 | 10 | 18 | | | 15 | | | 12 | 1 | 1 |
+----++----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| 21 || | | 18 | 7 | 7 | 15 | | 4 | 12 | | | 9 |
| 22 || 18 | 7 | | | 15 | 4 | 4 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 9 | |
| 23 || 7 | 15 | 7 | 15 | | | 12 | | | 9 | 17 | 17 |
| 24 || | | 15 | 4 | 4 | 12 | | 1 | 9 | | | 6 |
| 25 || 15 | 4 | | | 12 | | 1 | 9 | 17 | 17 | 6 | |
+----++----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| 26 || 4 | | 4 | 12 | | 1 | | | | 6 | | 14 |
| 27 || | 12 | | 1 | 1 | 9 | 9 | 17 | 6 | | 14 | |
| 28 || 12 | 1 | 12 | | 9 | | 17 | 6 | 14 | 14 | 3 | 3 |
| 29 || 1 | | 1 | 9 | | 17 | | | | 3 | | 11 |
| 30 || | | | | 17 | 6 | 6 | 14 | 3 | | 11 | |
+----++----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
| 31 || 9 | | 9 | | | | 14 | 3 | | 11 | | 19 |
+----++----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
[Sidenote: How to find the day of the New Moon by the Golden Number.]
423. In the annexed Table, the Golden Numbers under the months stand
against the days of New Moon in the left hand column, for the _New
Style_; adapted chiefly to the second year after leap-year as being the
nearest mean for all the four; and will serve till the year 1900.
Therefore, to find the day of New Moon in any month of a given year till
that time, look for the Golden Number of that year under the desired
month, and against it, you have the day of New Moon in the left hand
column. Thus, suppose it were required to find the day of New Moon in
_September_ 1757; the Golden Number for that year is 10, which I look
for under _September_ and right against it in the left hand column I
find 13, which is the day of New Moon in that month. _N. B._ If all the
Golden Numbers, except 17 and 6, were set one day lower in the Table, it
would serve from the beginning of the year 1900 till the end of the year
2199. The first Table after this chapter shews the Golden Number for
4000 years after the birth of CHRIST, by looking for the even hundreds
of any given year at the left hand, and for the rest to make up that
year at the head of the Table; and where the columns meet, you have the
Golden Number (which is the same both in _Old_ and _New Style_) for the
given year. Thus, suppose the Golden Number was wanted for the year
1757; I look for 1700 at the left hand of the Table, and for 57 at the
top of it; then guiding my eye downward from 57 to over against 1700, I
find 10, which is the Golden Number for that year.
[Sidenote: A perpetual Table of the time of New Moon to the nearest
hour, for the _Old Style_.]
424. But because the lunar Cycle of 19 years sometimes includes five
leap-years, and at other times only four, this Table will sometimes vary
a day from the truth in leap-years after _February_. And it is
impossible to have one more correct, unless we extend it to four times
19 or 76 years; in which there are 19 leap years without a remainder.
But even then to have it of perpetual use, it must be adapted to the
_Old Style_, because in every centurial year not divisible by 4, the
regular course of leap-years is interrupted in the _New_; as will be the
case in the year 1800. Therefore, upon the regular _Old Style_ plan, I
have computed the following Table of the mean times of all the New Moons
to the nearest hour for 76 years; beginning with the year of CHRIST
1724, and ending with the year 1800.
This Table may be made perpetual, by deducting 6 hours from the time of
New Moon in any given year and month from 1724 to 1800, in order to have
the mean time of New Moon in any year and month 76 years afterward; or
deducting 12 hours for 152 years, 18 hours for 228 years; and 24 hours
for 304 years, because in that time the changes of the Moon anticipate
almost a complete natural day. And if the like number of hours be added
for so many years past, we shall have the mean time of any New Moon
already elapsed. Suppose, for example, the mean time of Change was
required for _January_ 1802; deduct 76 years and there remains 1726,
against which in the following Table under _January_ I find the time of
New Moon was on the 21st day at 11 in the evening: from which take 6
hours and there remains the 21st day at 5 in the evening for the mean
time of Change in _January_ 1802. Or, if the time be required for _May_,
A. D. 1701, add 76 years and it makes 1777, which I look for in the
Table, and against it under _May_ I find the New Moon in that year falls
on the 25th day at 9 in the evening; to which add 6 hours, and it gives
the 26th day at 3 in the Morning for the time of New Moon in _May_, A.
D. 1701. By this addition for time past, or subtraction for time to
come, the Table will not vary 24 hours from the truth in less than 14592
years. And if, instead of 6 hours for every 76 years, we add or subtract
only 5 hours 52 minutes, it will not vary a day in 10 millions of years.
Although this Table is calculated for 76 years only, and according to
the _Old Style_, yet by means of two easy Equations it may be made to
answer as exactly to the _New Style_, for any time to come. Thus,
because the year 1724 in this Table is the first year of the Cycle for
which it is made; if from any year of CHRIST after 1800 you subtract
1723, and divide the overplus by 76, the Quotient will shew how many
entire Cycles of 76 years are elapsed since the beginning of the Cycle
here provided for; and the remainder will shew the year of the current
Cycle answering to the given year of CHRIST. Hence, if the remainder be
0, you must instead thereof put 76, and lessen the Quotient by unity.
Then, look in the left hand column of the Table for the number in your
remainder, and against it you will find the times of all the mean New
Moons in that year of the present Cycle. And whereas in 76 _Julian_
Years the Moon anticipates 5 hours 52 minutes, if therefore these 5
hours 52 minutes be multiplied by the above found Quotient, that is, by
the number of entire Cycles past; the product subtracted from the times
in the Table will leave the corrected times of the New Moons to the _Old
Style_; which may be reduced to the _New Style_ thus:
Divide the number of entire hundreds in the given year of CHRIST by 4,
multiply this Quotient by 3, to the product add the remainder, and from
their sum subtract 2: this last remainder denotes the number of days to
be added to the times above corrected, in order to reduce them to the
_New Style_. The reason of this is, that every 400 years of the _New
Style_ gains 3 days upon the _Old Style_: one of which it gains in each
of the centurial years succeeding that which is exactly divisible by 4
without remainder; but then, when you have found the days so gained, 2
must be subtracted from their number on account of the rectifications
made in the Calendar by the Council of _Nice_, and since by Pope
_Gregory_. It must also be observed, that the additional days found as
above directed do not take place in the centurial Years which are not
multiples of 4 till _February_ 29th, _O. S._ for on that day begins the
difference between the _Styles_; till which day therefore, those that
were added in the preceding years must be used. The following Example
will make this accommodation plain.
_Required the mean time of New Moon in_ June, A.D. 1909, _N.S._
From 1909 take 1723 Years, and there rem. 186
Which divided by 76, gives the Quotient 2
and the remainder 34
Then, against 34 in the Table is _June_ 5^d 8^h 0^m Afternoon.
And 5^h 52^m multiplied by 2 make to be subtr. 11 44
-------------
Remains the mean time according to the _Old
Style_, _June_ 5^d 9^h 16^m Morning.
Entire hundred in 1909 are 19, which divided
by 4, quotes 4
And leaves a remainder of 3
Which Quotient multiplied by 3 makes 12,
and the remainder added makes 15
From which subtract 2, and there remains 13
Which number of days added to the above
time _Old Style_, gives _June_ 18^d 9^h 16^m Morn._N.S._
So the mean time of New Moon in _June_ 1909 _New Style_ is the 18th day
at 16 minutes past 9 in the Morning.
If 11 days be added to the time of any New Moon in this Table, it will
give the time thereof according to the _New Style_ till the year 1800.
And if 14 days 18 hours 22 minutes be added to the mean time of New Moon
in either _Style_, it will give the mean time of the next Full Moon
according to that _Style_.
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|_A_ TABLE _shewing the times of all the mean Changes of the Moon, to the nearest Hour, |
|through four Lunar Periods, or 76 years._ M _signifies morning_, A _afternoon_. |
+----+----+-------+------+-----+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+-------+-----+
|Yrs | |January| |March| | May | | July | |Sept. | |Novemb.| |
|of |A.D.| |February| |April | | June | |August| |October| |Decemb.|
|the +----+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
|Cyc.| |D. H. |D. H. |D. H. |D. H. |D. H. |D. H. |D. H. |D. H. |D. H. |D. H. |D. H. |D. H. |
+----+----+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| 1 |1724|14 5A|13 5M|13 6A|12 7M|11 8A|10 8M| 9 9A| 8 10M| 6 10A| 6 11M| 4 12A| 4 1A|
| | | | | | | 1 4M| | | | | | | |
| 2 |1725| 3 2M| 1 2A| 3 3M| 1 4A| |29 6M|28 7A|27 8M|25 8A|25 9M|23 10A|23 11M|
| | | | | | |30 5A| | | | | | | |
| 3 |1726|21 11A|20 11M|21 12A|20 1A|20 1M|18 2A|18 3M|16 4A|15 5M|14 5A|13 6M|12 7A|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 4M|
| 4 |1727|11 8M| 9 9A|11 9M| 9 10A| 9 11M| 7 12A| 7 0A| 6 1M| 4 1A| 4 2M| 2 3A| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |31 5A|
| 5 |1728|30 6M|28 7A|29 7M|27 8A|27 8M|25 9A|25 10M|23 11A|22 11M|21 12A|20 1A|20 2M|
| 6 |1729|18 2A|17 3M|18 4A|17 4M|16 5A|15 6M|14 7A|12 7M|11 8A|11 9M| 9 0A| 9 11M|
| | | | | | | | | | | 2 5M| | | |
| 7 |1730| 7 11A| 6 0A| 8 1M| 6 1A| 6 2M| 4 3A| 4 3M| 2 4A| |30 7M|28 8A|28 9M|
| | | | | | | | | | |30 6A| | | |
| 8 |1731|26 9A|25 10M|26 10A|25 11M|24 11A|23 0A|23 1M|21 2A|20 2M|19 3A|18 4M|17 5A|
| 9 |1732|16 5M|14 6A|15 7M|13 8A|13 8M|11 9A|11 10M| 9 11A| 8 11M| 7 12A| 6 1A| 6 2M|
| | | | | | | | 1 6M| | | | | | |
| 10 |1733| 4 2A| 3 3M| 4 4A| 3 4M| 2 5A| |30 8M|28 8A|27 9M|26 10A|25 11M|24 11A|
| | | | | | | |30 7A| | | | | | |
| 11 |1734|23 0A|22 1M|23 1A|22 2M|21 2A|20 3M|19 4A|18 5M|16 5A|16 6M|14 7A|14 8M|
| 12 |1735|12 9A|11 9M|12 10A|11 11M|10 11A| 9 0A| 9 1M| 7 2A| 6 2M| 5 3A| 4 4M| 3 5A|
| | | 2 5M| | 1 7M| | | | | | | | | |
| 13 |1736| | ---- | |29 9M|28 9A|27 10M|26 11A|25 0A|23 12A|23 1A|22 2M|21 3A| |
| | |31 6A| |30 8A| | | | | | | | | |
| 14 |1737|20 3M|18 4A|20 4M|18 5A|18 5M|16 6A|16 7M|14 8A|13 8M|12 9A|11 10M|10 11A|
| | | | | | | | | | | | 2 6M| | |
| 15 |1738| 9 11M| 7 12A| 9 1A| 8 1M| 7 2A| 6 3M| 5 4A| 4 5M| 2 5A| |30 8M|29 8A|
| | | | | | | | | | | |31 7A| | |
| 16 |1739|28 9M|26 10A|28 11M|26 12A|26 0A|25 1M|24 2A|23 3M|21 3A|21 4M|19 5A|19 6M|
| 17 |1740|17 6A|16 7M|16 8A|15 9M|14 9A|13 10M|12 11A|11 0A|9 12A| 9 1A| 8 2M| 7 3A|
| | | | | | | | | 2 7M| | | | | |
| 18 |1741| 6 3M| 4 4A| 6 4M| 4 5A| 4 5M| 2 6A| |30 8M|28 9A|28 10M|26 11A|26 11M|
| | | | | | | | |31 7A| | | | | |
| 19 |1742|24 12A|23 1A|25 2M|23 3A|23 3M|21 4A|21 5M|19 6A|18 6M|17 7A|16 8M|15 9A|
| 20 |1743|14 9M|12 10A|14 11M|12 12A|12 0A|11 1M|10 2A| 9 3M| 7 3A| 7 4M| 5 5A| 5 6M|
| | | | | | 1 9M| | | | | | | | |
| 21 |1744| 3 6A| 2 7M| 2 8A| |30 10M|28 11A|28 0A|26 12A|25 1A|25 2M|23 3A|23 3M|
| | | | | |30 9A| | | | | | | | |
| 22 |1745|21 4A|20 5M|21 5A|20 6M|19 6A|18 7M|17 8A|16 8M|14 9A|14 10M|12 11A|12 0A|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 9A|
| 23 |1746|10 12A|9 1A|11 2M| 9 3A| 9 3M| 7 4A| 7 5M| 5 6A| 4 6M| 3 7A| 2 8M| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |31 10M|
| 24 |1747|29 10A|28 11M|29 11A|28 0A|27 12A|26 1A|26 2M|24 3A|23 3M|22 4A|21 5M|20 6A|
| 25 |1748|19 6M|17 7A|18 8M|16 9A|16 9M|14 10A|14 11M|12 12A|11 0A|11 1M| 9 2A| 9 3M|
| | | | | | | | | | 2 9M| | | | |
| 26 |1749| 7 3A| 6 4M| 7 5A| 6 6M| 5 6A| 4 7M| 3 8A| |30 10M|29 11A|28 0A|27 12A|
| | | | | | | | | |31 9A| | | | |
| 27 |1750|26 1A|25 2M|26 3A|25 4M|24 4A|23 5M|22 6A|21 7M|19 7A|19 8M|17 9A|17 10M|
| 28 |1751|15 10A|14 11M|15 11A|14 0A|13 12A|12 1A|12 2M|10 3A| 9 3M| 8 4A| 7 5M| 6 6A|
| | | | | | | 2 9M| | | | | | | |
| 29 |1752| 5 6M| 3 7A| 4 8M| 2 9A| |30 11M|29 12A|28 0A|27 1M|26 2A|25 3M|24 3A|
| | | | | | |31 10A| | | | | | | |
| 30 |1753|23 4M|21 5A|23 6M|21 7A|21 7M|19 8A|19 9M|17 10A|16 10M|15 11A|14 0A|14 1M|
| 31 |1754|12 1A|11 2M|12 3A|11 4M|10 4A| 9 5M| 8 6A| 7 7M| 5 7A| 5 8M| 3 9A| 3 10M|
| | | 1 10A| | 1 11A| | | | | | | | | |
| 32 |1755| | ---- | |29 12A|29 1A|28 2M|27 3A|25 3M|24 4A|24 5M|22 6A|22 6M|
| | |31 11M| |31 0A| | | | | | | | | |
| 33 |1756|20 7A|19 8M|19 9A|18 9M|17 10A|16 11M|15 12A|14 1A|13 1M|12 2A|11 3M|10 4A|
| | | | | | | | | | | | 1 14A| | |
| 34 |1757| 9 4M| 7 5A| 9 6M| 7 7A| 7 7M| 5 8A| 5 9M| 3 10A| 2 10M| |30 1M|29 1A|
| | | | | | | | | | | |31 0A| | |
| 35 |1758|28 2M|26 3A|28 3M|26 4A|26 4M|24 5A|24 6M|22 7A|21 7M|20 8A|19 9M|18 10A|
| 36 |1759|17 10M|15 11A|17 0A|16 1M|15 1A|14 2M|13 3A|12 2M|10 4A|10 5M| 8 6A| 8 7M|
| | | | | | | | | 1 12A| | | | | |
| 37 |1760| 6 7A| 5 8M| 5 9A| 4 10M| 3 10A| 2 11M| |30 1M|28 2A|28 3M|26 4A|26 4M|
| | | | | | | | |31 1A| | | | | |
| 38 |1761|24 5A|23 6M|24 7A|23 8M|22 9A|21 10M|20 10A|19 11M|17 11A|17 0A|16 1M|15 2A|
| 39 |1762|14 2M|12 3A|14 3M|12 4A|12 4M|10 5A|10 6M|8 7A| 7 7M| 6 8A| 5 9M| 4 10A|
+----+----+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
| | | | | | | 1 1A| | | | | | | |
| 40 |1763| 3 11M| 1 12A| 3 0A| 2 1M| |29 3A|29 4M|27 4M|26 5M|25 6A|24 7M|23 7A|
| | | | | | |31 2M| | | | | | | |
| 41 |1764|22 8M|20 9A|21 10M|19 11A|19 11M|17 12A|17 1A|16 2M|14 2A|14 3M|12 4A|12 5M|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 1A|
| 42 |1765|10 5A| 9 6M|10 6A| 9 7M| 8 7A| 7 8M| 6 9A| 5 10M| 3 10A| 3 11M| 1 12A| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |31 1M|
| 43 |1766|29 2A|28 3M|29 4A|28 5M|27 5A|26 6M|25 7A|24 8M|22 8A|22 9M|20 10A|20 11M|
| 44 |1767|18 11A|17 0A|19 1M|17 2A|17 2M|15 3A|15 4M|13 5A|12 6M|11 6A|10 7M| 9 8A|
| | | | | | | | | | 2 2M | | | | |
| 45 |1768| 8 8M| 6 9A| 7 10M| 5 11A| 5 11M| 3 12A| 3 1A| |30 3M|29 4A|28 5M|27 5A|
| | | | | | | | | |31 2A| | | | |
| 46 |1769|26 6M|24 7A|26 7M|24 8A|24 8M|22 9A|22 10M|20 11A|19 11M|18 12A|17 1A|17 2M|
| 47 |1770|15 2A|14 3M|15 4A|14 5M|13 5A|12 4M|11 7A|10 8M| 8 8A| 8 9M| 6 10A| 6 11M|
| | | | | | | | | 1 4M| | | | | |
| 48 |1771| 4 11M| 3 0A| 5 1M| 3 2A| 3 2M| 1 3A| |29 5M|27 6A|27 7M|25 8A|25 9M|
| | | | | | | | |30 5A| | | | | |
| 49 |1772|23 9A|22 10M|22 10A|21 11M|20 11A|19 0A|19 1M|17 2A|16 2M|15 3A|14 4M|13 5A|
| 50 |1773|12 5M|10 6A|12 7M|10 8A|10 8M| 8 9A| 8 9M| 6 10A| 5 11M| 4 12A| 3 1A| 3 2M|
| | | 1 2A| | 1 4A| | | | | | | | | |
| 51 |1774| | ---- | |29 5A|29 6M|27 7A|27 8M|25 8A|24 9M|23 10A|22 11M|21 11A|
| | |31 3M| |31 5M| | | | | | | | | |
| 52 |1775|20 0A|19 1M|20 2A|19 3M|18 3A|17 4M|16 5A|15 6M|13 6A|13 7M|11 8A|11 9M|
| | | | | | | | | | | | 1 3A| | |
| 53 |1776| 9 9A| 8 10M| 8 10A| 7 11M| 6 12A| 5 0A| 5 1M| 3 2A| 2 2M| |29 5A|29 5M|
| | | | | | | | | | | |31 4M| | |
| 54 |1777|27 6A|26 7M|27 8A|26 9M|25 9A|24 10M|23 11A|22 0A|20 12A|20 1A|19 2M|18 3A|
| 55 |1778|17 3M|15 4A|17 5M|15 6A|15 6M|13 7A|13 8M|11 9A|10 9M| 9 10A| 8 11M| 7 12A|
| | | | | | | | | |1 6M| | | | |
| 56 |1779| 6 0A| 5 1M| 6 2A| 5 3M| 4 3A| 3 4M| 2 5A| |29 7M|28 8A|27 9M|26 9A|
| | | | | | | | | |30 6A| | | | |
| 57 |1780|25 10M|23 11A|24 11M|22 12A|22 0A|21 1M|20 2A|19 3M|17 3A|17 4M|15 5A|15 6M|
| 58 |1781|13 6A|12 7M|13 8A|12 9M|11 9A|10 10M| 9 11A| 8 0A| 6 12A| 6 1A| 5 2M| 4 3A|
| | | | | | | 1 6M| | | | | | | |
| 59 |1782| 3 3M| 1 4A| 3 5M| 1 6A| |29 8M|28 9A|27 9M|25 10A|25 11M|23 12A|23 0A|
| | | | | | |30 7A| | | | | | | |
| 60 |1783|22 1M|20 2A|22 2M|20 3A|20 3M|18 4A|18 5M|16 6A|15 6M|14 7A|13 8M|12 9A|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |1 6M|
| 61 |1784|11 9M| 9 10A|10 11M| 8 12A| 8 0A| 7 1M| 6 2A| 5 3M| 3 3A| 3 4M| 1 5A| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |30 6A|
| 62 |1785|29 7M|27 8A|29 9M|27 10A|27 10M|25 11A|25 0A|24 1M|22 1A|22 2M|20 3A|20 3M|
| 63 |1786|18 4A|17 5M|18 5A|17 6M|16 6A|15 7M|14 8A|13 9M|11 9A|11 10M| 9 11A| 9 0A|
| | | | | | | | | | | 1 6M| | | |
| 64 |1787| 7 12A| 6 1A| 8 2M| 6 3A| 6 3M| 4 4A| 4 5M| 2 6A| |30 8M|28 9A|28 9M|
| | | | | | | | | | |30 7A| | | |
| 65 |1788|26 10A|25 11M|25 12A|24 1A|24 1M|22 2A|22 3M|20 4M|19 4M|18 5A|17 6M|16 7A|
| 66 |1789|15 7M|13 8A|15 9M|13 10A|13 10M|11 11A|11 0A|10 1M| 8 1A| 8 2M| 6 3A| 6 4M|
| | | | | | | | 1 7M| | | | | | |
| 67 |1790| 4 4A| 3 5M| 4 5A| 3 6M| 2 6A| |30 9M|28 9A|27 10M|26 11A|25 0A|24 12A|
| | | | | | | |30 8A| | | | | | |
| 68 |1791|23 1A|22 2M|23 3A|22 4M|21 4A|20 5M|19 6A|18 7M|16 7A|16 8M|14 9A|14 10M|
| 69 |1792|12 10A|11 11M|11 12A|10 1A|10 1M| 8 2A| 8 3M| 6 4A| 5 4A| 4 5A| 3 6M| 2 7A|
| | | 1 7M| | 1 9M| | | | | | | | | |
| 70 |1793| | ---- | |29 10M|28 11A|27 0A|27 1M|25 1A|24 2M|23 3A|22 4M|21 4A|
| | |30 8A| |30 10A| | | | | | | | | |
| 71 |1794|20 5M|18 6A|20 6M|18 7A|18 7M|16 8A|16 9M|14 10A|13 10M|12 11A|11 0A|11 1M|
| | | | | | | | | | | | 2 8M| | |
| 72 |1795| 9 1A| 8 2M| 9 3A| 8 4M| 7 4A| 6 5M| 5 6A| 4 7M| 2 7A| |30 10M|29 10A|
| | | | | | | | | | | |31 9A| | |
| 73 |1796|28 11M|26 12A|27 0A|26 1M|25 1A|24 2M|23 3A|22 4M|20 4A|20 5M|18 6A|18 7M|
| 74 |1797|16 7A|15 8M|16 9A|15 10M|14 10A|13 11M|12 12A|11 1A|10 1M| 9 2A| 8 3M| 7 4A|
| | | | | | | | | 2 9M| | | | | |
| 75 |1798| 6 4M| 4 5A| 6 6M| 4 7A| 4 7M| 2 8A| |30 10M|28 11A|28 0A|27 1M|26 1A|
| | | | | | | | |31 10A| | | | | |
| 76 |1799| 25 2M|23 3A|25 4M|23 5A|23 5M|21 6A|21 6M|19 8A|18 8M|17 9A|16 10M|15 11A|
| 1 |1800|14 11A|12 12A|13 0A|12 1M|11 1A|10 2M| 9 3A| 8 4M| 6 4A| 6 5M| 4 6A| 4 7M|
+----+----+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
The year 1800 begins a new Cycle.
[Sidenote: _Easter_ Cycle, deficient.]
425. The _Cycle of Easter_, also called the _Dionysian Period_, is a
revolution of 532 years, found by multiplying the Solar Cycle 28 by the
Lunar Cycle 19. If the New Moons did not anticipate upon this Cycle,
_Easter-Day_ would always be the _Sunday_ next after the first Full Moon
which succeeds the 21st of _March_. But, on account of the above
anticipation § 422, to which no proper regard was had before the late
alteration of the _Style_, the _Ecclesiastic Easter_ has several times
been a week different from the _true Easter_ within this last Century:
which inconvenience is now remedied by making the Table which used to
find Easter _for ever_, in the Common Prayer Book, of no longer use than
the Lunar difference from the _New Style_ will admit of.
[Sidenote: Number of Direction.