represented, is a very elegant one; and greatly resembles P.
cortusifolia, which is figured on our 7th plate; but differs from it
in the extraordinary denticulations of the flowers; which we have been
assured are a constant and permanent character of the plant, and, if
so, affords an excellent and decisive mark of specific distinction,
and at the same time a trivial name of undeniable goodness. We have
not been able to ascertain with any kind of certainty its native
place of growth. It was communicated to us in bloom in the month of
September last, from the select collection of Lady de Clifford, at
Paddington, and is found to be a hardy plant, and to succeed with
the treatment of the other Primulæ; that is, as an alpine plant in
bog earth, and a small portion of loam; and protected in summer from
the mid-day and afternoon, but not the morning or evening sun. It is
propagated by parting the roots in autumn; and as a new and at the same
time beautiful Primula, it cannot fail to be acceptable to all our
subscribers.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCCVI.
APONOGETON MONOSTACHYON.
_Simple-spiked Aponogeton._
CLASS XI. ORDER IV.
_DODECANDRIA TETRAGYNIA._ Twelve Chives. Four Pointals.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
AMENTUM e squamis compositum. Calyx nullus. Corolla nulla.
Capsulæ 4, trispermæ.
CATKIN composed of scales. Empalement none. Blossom none.
Capsules 4, three-seeded.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &C.
APONOGETON, spicâ simplici, foliis cordato-ovalibus. _Willd.
Sp. Pl. 2. 927._
APONOGETON, with a simple spike, and heart-oval shaped leaves.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The chives detached.
2. The pointals detached.
3. The same magnified.
Four species only of this singular genus have hitherto been enumerated
by authors: viz. the present one from the East Indies; crispum, a
native of Ceylon; and angustifolium and distachyon, from the Cape of
Good Hope; the last of which is the most showy, and is figured on our
290th plate.
They are all water plants, and could no more thrive with their roots
and natant leaves out of that element than an Aloe or Stapelia could
prosper in it: they are therefore, along with other tropical aquatics,
cultivated in our hot-houses in troughs or cisterns of rich earth and
clear water; in which, consociated with the majestic Nymphææ, the
stately Thalia, and the more humble but not less interesting Menyanthes
indica, they produce a most fragrant and desirable appearance; that
perhaps is indebted for some of its charms to the fine contrast formed
by the terrestrial exotics which surround them.
In a collection of tropical plants, where a few cisterns of aquatics
are judiciously interspersed, the oppressive heat of the stove in
which they grow, is as it were delusively alleviated, “in the mind’s
eye,” by the simple, yet cooling sight of the little pools of water in
which they float. Few are the number of observers who contemplate them
without imbibing pleasure. This unquestionably arises from the strong
but agreeable contrast that is exhibited to the eye, by the happy
junction of the productions of the waters with those of the earth.
They are vegetables of widely different orders--productions of very
different natures--and inhabitants of elements diametrically opposite.
The simple-spiked Aponogeton produces roundish tubers in various parts
of its shoots; by the transplantation of which the plant is readily and
speedily propagated. Our drawing of it was made in July last, at J.
Vere’s, Esq. Kensington Gore, in whose collection it thrives very well.
We have not as yet seen it in any other.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCCVII.
CALENDULA DENTATA.
_Toothed-leaved Marygold._
CLASS XIX. ORDER IV.
_SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA NECESSARIA._ Tips united. Necessary Polygamy.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
RECEPTACULUM nudum. Pappus nullus. Calyx polyphyllus,
subæqualis. Semina disci utplurimum membranacea.
RECEPTACLE naked. Pappus none. Empalement many-leaved, nearly
equal. The seeds of the disk chiefly membranous.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &C.
CALENDULA, foliis alternis linearibus remote et acute
dentatis; caule fruticoso decumbente.
MARYGOLD, with alternate linear remotely and acutely dentated
leaves, and a decumbent shrubby stem.
Calendula dentata. _Donn’s Hort. Cantab. ed. 3. 163._
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The empalement.
2. A floret of the circumference.
3. A floret of the disk.
4. The same laid open and magnified, to show the situation of the
chives.
5. The pointal, with the summit detached and magnified.
Although this species of Calendula appears to have been introduced to
the British gardens so long since as the year 1790, from the Cape of
Good Hope, its native country; I do not find it enumerated either in
Mr. Aiton’s Hortus Kewensis or Gmelin’s edition of Systema Naturæ;
but it will in all probability be taken up in Willdenow’s Species
Plantarum, when he arrives at that part of it which is to include the
genus Calendula.
It is well known in the gardens by the applicable name of dentata,
but is not a common plant,--although, from the beauty and size of its
flowers, highly worthy of general cultivation: its branches are weak,
yet shrubby; and require support.
It is a green-house plant, and is propagated by cuttings in the usual
way. Our drawing was made from the Clapham collection in July last.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCCVIII.
DAHLIA PINNATA.
_Pinnated Dahlia._
CLASS XIX. ORDER II.
_SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA SUPERFLUA._ Tips united. Superfluous Pointals.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX duplex. Corolla radiata, radiis lacinias calycis numero
æquantibus: corollulæ pedicellatæ. Receptaculum paleaceum. Stigmata
plumosa.
EMPALEMENT double. Blossom radiated, with the rays equalling
in number the segments of the empalement: the florets pedicelled.
Receptacle chaffy. Tips plumose.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &C.
DAHLIA, foliis oppositis, impari-pinnatis; pinnulis quinque,
ovatis, crenato-dentatis. _Cav. Ic. 1. 57. tab. 80._
_Dahlia_, with leaves opposite, pinnated with an odd one; the pinnules
five, ovate, and notch-dentated.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A young flower with the peduncle and empalement.
2. One of the radiating florets with its pedicel.
3. A floret of the disk.
4. The same spread open, to show the chives and pointal.
5. The pointal detached, with the summit magnified.
The genus Dahlia was first established by the celebrated botanist
Cavanilles[E], (in honour of Andrew Dahl, a Swedish botanist, not
Dale an Englishman,) for three lofty, thick-rooted, perennial plants,
natives of the distant regions of Peru; but all of which we have had
the recent pleasure of seeing alive in the overflowing gardens of our
own happy country. They are extremely desirable and showy plants;
and none of them more so than the present one; which was raised from
seeds sent from Madrid last spring, by the Right Hon. Lady Holland,
and flowered last September and October, in the open ground, in her
Ladyship’s collection at Holland House, Kensington; where our drawing
was lately made. It has acquired the stately height of near eight
feet, with a circumference of three; and makes indeed a truly specious
appearance: but we do not expect it will ripen its seeds; the season
being too far advanced to encourage any reasonable hope of that nature.
The best mode of propagation should seem to be that of dividing its
somewhat tuberous roots, after the stems die down. As to treatment, we
see no valid reason why it, and both the other Dahliæ, (the coccinea
and rosea,) should not be treated as hardy herbaceous plants; placed
in rich earth and a warm situation. But as they are both rare and
valuable, it may at present be safer to consider them as green-house
plants, keeping them in very large pots and well watered, until their
stems show symptoms of dying down; when moisture must be administered
with a sparing hand.
There are considerable reasons for thinking that the pinnated Dahlia
will hereafter be raised with double flowers, because the figure in
Cavanilles’ Icones, above cited, represents them nearly semi-double;
and the doubling of radiated syngenesious plants is well known to
horticulturists to be a circumstance of pretty frequent occurrence.
[E] The public have now to regret the loss of this valuable botanist;
they are deprived of him: he died in May last at Madrid, aged 59.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCCIX.
PROTEA SCOLYMUS.
_Smooth-leaved Protea._
CLASS IV. ORDER I.
_TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Four Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA quadrifida sive quadripetala. Antheræ lineares
insertæ petalis infra apicem. Calyx proprius nullus. Nux unisperma
supera.
BLOSSOM four-cleft or four-petaled. Tips linear, inserted on
the petals below the apex. Empalement proper, none. Nut one-seeded
above.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &C.
PROTEA, foliis lanceolatis acutis capituloque terminali
rotundo glabris.
Protea Scolymus. _Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. 522._--_Schrad. Sert. Hann. tab.
20._--_Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. 127._
PROTEA, with lance-shaped acute smooth leaves and a round
terminal smooth head of flowers.
LEUCODENDRON (_Scolymocephalum_) foliis lanceolatis, floribus
subrotundis, caule fruticoso ramoso. _Linn. Sp. Pl. 2. 153._
LEPIDOCARPODENDRON acaulon, ramis numerosis e terra
excrescens, calyce floris immaturo extus e rubro et flavo variegato,
intus flavo. _Boerh. Lugb. 2. p. 192. tab. 192._
SCOLYMOCEPHALUS africanus, fruticis æthiopici coniferi
Breynii foliis, capite majori squamato. _Raj. H. 3. 10._
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A floret detached.
2. A petal with its tip magnified.
3. The seed-bud and pointal.
The Protea Scolymus grows spontaneously on the Tiger mountain at
the Cape of Good Hope; but has long been an inhabitant of European
conservatories, although a rare one. It was well known to several of
the old botanists, who appear to have differed much concerning the
generical appellations which they thought proper to bestow upon it; as
will appear on consulting the synonyms above. They made several genera
of Proteæ; but the botanists of later times have melted them all down
(we fear injudiciously) into one great genus: and Schrader has even
added Lambertia to Protea; and figured it in his Sertum Hannoverianum,
under the name of Protea nectarina; thereby alluding to the sweet juice
which abounds in the tubes of its flowers:--melliflua would have been
a still more expressive term. The smooth-leaved Protea requires the
same treatment as the rest of the genus, and is a very fine species,
producing its flowers in May and June. Our figure was taken at the
Clapham collection.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCCX.
CYNANCHUM UNDATUM.
_Waved Cynanchum._
CLASS V. ORDER I.
_PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA._ Five Chives. Two Pointals.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CONTORTA. Nectarium cylindricum, quinquedentatum.
CONTORTED. Honey-cup cylindrical, five-toothed.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
CYNANCHUM, caule volubili, foliis cordatis oblongis obtusis
cum acumine undatisque, umbellis axillaribus subproliferis.
CYNANCHUM, with a twining stem, heart-shaped oblong blunt
leaves, but with a sudden point, and waved, axillary somewhat
proliferous umbels.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The empalement.
2. The blossom spread open.
3. The outer scale of the honey-cup.
4. The parts of fructification magnified.
5. The inner scale of the honey-cup.
6. The outside of the same.
7. The seed-bud, shaft, summit and chives magnified.
The Waved Cynanchum is more remarkable for novelty than beauty; yet,
as an addition to our volubilous exotics, it possesses sufficient
elegance to render it worthy our attention: especially as climbing
plants have of late years become quite fashionable in most of the best
conservatories in the vicinity of London.
As a species, we conceive it to be perfectly nondescript, although it
should seem to possess several characters in common with Cynanchum
reticulatum, and C. undulatum of Willdenow, &c.; both of which are
known to us, but are described as having ovate, or oblong, not
heart-shaped leaves. C. reticulatum is also a native of the same
country, the East Indies; from whence seeds of the undatum were brought
in the year 1803 by Captain Thomas Hardwicke; and were raised in the
collection of the Marquis of Blandford, at White Knights, Berks, where
they flowered last July; when that nobleman obligingly communicated to
us the specimen from which the annexed figure was made.
The Waved Cynanchum is a hot-house plant, and requires nearly the same
treatment as Pergularia minor of our 184th plate.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCCXI.
PSORALEA SPICATA.
_Spiked-flowered Psoralea._
CLASS XVII. ORDER IV.
_DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Two Brotherhoods. Ten Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX longitudine leguminis. Stamina diadelpha. Legumen
monospermum subrostratum evalve.
EMPALEMENT the length of the pod. Chives diadelphous. Pod
one-seeded roundish and valveless.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &C.
PSORALEA, foliolis obovatis recurvato-mucronatis subtus
punctatis, spica terminali oblonga. _Willd. Sp. Pl. 3. 1345._
PSORALEA, with leaflets inversely egg-shaped, recurvedly
mucronated and dotted beneath, and an oblong terminal spike of flowers.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The empalement.
2. A standard.
3. One of the wings.
4. The keel.
5. The chives and pointal.
6. The seed-bud and pointal.
The spiked-flowered Psoralea is a shrubby plant, and rises to the
height of a foot or two; producing its spikes of flowers in the months
of July and August, at the ends of its branches. It is a native of
the Cape of Good Hope, and in this country is found to succeed very
well in any green-house which has a flue to keep out the frost: and
is propagated by seeds, and also by cuttings if carefully managed.
Although not a very newly-introduced plant, it is certainly not a
frequent one in our gardens; indeed we do not recollect having ever
seen it in any collection, except the Nursery of Messrs. Whitley and
Brames, Old Brompton; where our drawing was made some time since; and
where it was considered and treated as a new species: which, however,
as appears by our synonym above given, is not the case.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCCXII.
CALENDULA VISCOSA.
_Viscous Marygold._
CLASS XIX. ORDER II.
_SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA NECESSARIA._ Tips united. Necessary Polygamy.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
RECEPTACULUM nudum. Pappus nullus. Calyx polyphyllus,
subæqualis. Semina disci utplurimum membranacea.
RECEPTACLE naked. Pappus none. Empalement many-leaved, nearly
equal. The seeds of the disk chiefly membranous.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
CALENDULA, viscosa, foliis alternis lineari-cuneatis
pinnatifido-dentatis, calycibus lucidis tomentoso-ciliatis, caule
fruticoso debili.
MARYGOLD, viscous, with alternate linear-cuneated
pinnatifid-toothed leaves, shining tomentosely-ciliated empalements,
and a weak shrubby stem.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The empalement.
2. A floret of the ray.
3. A floret of the disk.
4. The same magnified.
5. The corolla spread open and magnified.
6. The seed-bud and pointal.
The figure annexed represents a new and very ornamental species of the
genus Calendula, which we lately discovered flowering beautifully,
amongst many other rare plants in the charming collection of exotics at
George Hibbert’s, esq. Clapham; where it was lately raised from seeds,
sent to him, we believe, from the Cape of Good Hope, of which country
we understand it is a native.
It is a shrubby species, and possesses much of the growth and habit of
Calendula dentata of our last number; and indeed in most things, except
its considerable viscosity and the colour of its flowers, exhibits a
very great similitude to that species; and will be found to succeed
with the same treatment and mode of propagation; but is in every
respect a much more desirable plant.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCCXIII.
GERANIUM HYMENODES.
_Ternate-leaved Geranium._
CLASS XVI. ORDER IV.
_MONADELPHIA DECANDRIA._ Threads united. Ten Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
MONOGYNA. Stigmata quinque. Fructus rostratus pentacoccus.
ONE POINTAL. Five summits. Fruit beaked, five berries.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &C.
GERANIUM, pedunculis multifloris, foliis obtusis
inciso-dentatis, inferioribus ternatis, superioribus trilobis, caule
erecto.
GERANIUM, with many-flowered peduncles, obtuse gash-dentated
leaves, the inferior ones ternate, the superior three-lobed, and an
erect stem.
GERANIUM (_trifolium_) caule herbaceo crasso ramoso, foliis
radicalibus ternatis lobatis, caulinis oppositis simplicibus lobatis,
petalis venosis, superioribus maculatis. _Cav. Diss. 4. p. 223. tab.
97. fig. 3._
ERODIUM hymenodes. _L’Herit. Geran. tab. 4._
ERODIUM hymenodes. _Willd. Spec. Pl. 3. 635._
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The empalement and parts of fructification.
2. The seed-bud, chives and pointal magnified.
3. The seed-bud and pointals.
4. The same magnified.
The ternate-leaved Geranium belongs to L’Heritier’s genus Erodium. It
is a native of mountainous, rocky situations, in the northern parts
of Africa; but has been cultivated in most of our best collections
of exotics several seasons; yet is not so frequently met with as it
deserves to be, on account of the unusual delicacy in the veining and
spotting of its flowers; which, from their size and number, make a
good appearance; and are produced in succession most part of the year.
The plant itself is of very humble, scarcely shrubby growth; yet rises
somewhat higher than the real tuberous species; to which, however, in
its contracted, thickened stems, it betrays a considerable affinity. It
is propagated readily by seeds, and likewise by cuttings; and stands
out in the open ground in mild winters uninjured, although it is
generally killed in severe ones; which renders it necessary to preserve
a supply of it in the conservatory.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCCXIV.
CRASSULA OBLIQUA.
_Oblique-leaved Crassula._
CLASS V. ORDER V.
_PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA._ Five Chives. Five Pointals.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX pentaphyllus. Petala quinque. Squamæ quinque
nectariferæ ad basin germinis.
EMPALEMENT five-leaved. Petals five. Five honey-bearing pores
at the base of the germ.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &C.
CRASSULA, foliis ovatis obliquis integerrimis acutis
distinctis, margine cartilagineis. _Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. 1553._--_Ait.
Hort. Kew. 1. 395._
CRASSULA, with leaves egg-shaped oblique very entire acute
distinct, and cartilaginous on the margin.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A flower with its empalement.
2. The seed-bud and pointals.
3. A detached pointal magnified.
Although the genus Crassula is a very extensive one, and possesses
many species which are remarkable either for beauty, singularity, or
fragrance; the one which we have here the satisfaction of illustrating
is, we think, by far the most ornamental; and is at the same time both
a stately and a singular plant. It is very succulent, and requires the
heat of the hot-house to make it bloom; but prospers best, like all
other succulent plants of the more tender kind, on the shelves of a dry
stove. It is a native of the Cape of Good Hope, and is propagated with
facility by cuttings; prefers a light loamy soil, and a dry treatment;
and produces its large bunches of flowers late in the year; which are
very showy and of considerable duration, particularly if removed into
the green-house while in bloom, and at that time more liberally watered.
The oblique-leaved Crassula is an old inhabitant of our gardens,
but not a frequent one. Our drawing was made from a fine specimen
obligingly sent us by Thomas Evans, esq. from his fine collection at
Stepney, last August.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCCXV.
CANTUA CORONOPIFOLIA.
_Coronopus-leaved Cantua._
CLASS V. ORDER I.
_PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Five Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX 3-5-fidus. Corolla infundibuliformis. Stigma trifidum.
Capsula trilocularis, trivalvis, polysperma. Semina alata.
EMPALEMENT from three-to five-cleft. Blossom funnel-shaped.
Summit trifid. Capsule three-celled, three-valved, many-seeded. The
seeds winged.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &C.
CANTUA, floribus terminalibus, staminibus longitudine
corollæ, foliis pinnatifidis.
CANTUA, with terminal flowers, chives the length of the
blossom, and feather-cleft leaves.
CANTUA (coronopifolia). _Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. 879._
POLEMONIUM (rubrum), foliis pinnatifidis linearibus, floribus
racemosis pendulis. _Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 3. p. 231._
IPOMEA (rubra). _Linn. Syst. Veg. 171._
IPOMOPSIS (elegans), minutim pubescens, foliis
lineari-pinnatifidis. _Mich. Fl. Boreali-Americ. 1. 142._
QUAMOCLIT pinnatum erectum, floribus in thyrsum digestis.
_Dill. Hort. Elth. 321. tab. 241. fig. 312._
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The empalement.
2. The blossom spread open, with the chives attached.
3. The seed-bud and pointal, with the summit magnified.
Although the Coronopus-leaved Cantua was cultivated in Sherard’s
celebrated garden at Eltham, in the time of Dillenius, and is figured
by him, in the _Hort. Elth._ above cited, as a species of _Quamoclit_,
it has been an entire stranger to our modern gardens until very lately;
having no doubt long since perished in all the old collections.
Who the reintroducer of this very elegant plant is, we have yet
to learn: but the beautiful specimen here figured, was obligingly
communicated to us by the Marquis of Blandford, from White Knights,
Berks, about the end of November last.
It is a native of Carolina, and sufficiently hardy, we should think, to
resist the cold of our ordinary winters: its root is herbaceous, and
the plant admits of increase by parting the same, in spring or autumn.
Writers have differed in a very remarkable manner concerning the Genus
to which they should refer this plant; and Linnæus himself seems to
have been as undetermined as any of them concerning it; having at
different times given it as a _Polemonium_, and an _Ipomea_; as will
appear among our synonyms above. Michaux has called it _Ipomopsis_:
and another foreign writer, whose work we have not got, has given it
the appellation of _Noothea Pulchella_: but Willdenow has added it to
the genus _Cantua_, with which we conceive, in our humble opinion, it
sufficiently accords; and have therefore ventured to follow him in his
arrangement of it.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCCXVI.
SALVIA CHAMÆDRIFOLIA.
_Germander-leaved Sage._
CLASS II. ORDER I.
_DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Two Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA inæqualis. Filamenta tranverse pedicello affixa.
BLOSSOM unequal. Chives affixed transversely to a pedicel.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &C.
SALVIA, foliis ovalibus rugosis obsolete crenatis,
verticillis terminalibus nudis quadrifloris, staminibus corolla
brevioribus.
SAGE, with oval rough obsoletely notched leaves, terminal
naked four-flowered whorls, and chives shorter than the blossom.
SALVIA Chamædrifolia. _Donn’s Hort. Cantab. p. 7._
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The empalement.
2. The blossom with the chives attached.
3. The seed-bud and pointal, with the summit magnified.
Our drawing was made from plants in the Hibbertian collection at
Clapham last autumn: but we have also seen this Sage in other places;
particularly at Cambridge; and know it to be the Salvia Chamædrifolia
of the Hortus Cantabrigiensis ed. 3.: but we do not find that name in
any other publication within our reach.
Mr. Donn marks it as a green-house perennial, and gives Spain as its
native country, but with a note of interrogation; and adds that it
flowers in July and August; and that it was introduced into our gardens
in the year 1798.
We believe that A. B. Lambert, Esq. was the first introducer of it,
and that gentleman thinks he received the seeds of it from Spain. The
first time of our seeing it was at J. Vere’s, Esq. in the autumn of
1802, where it was cultivated as a green-house shrub, and by the name
of S. citrina, a name that well expresses the charming odour of its
leaves when gently rubbed; which not a little resembles the pleasing,
well-known scent of Lemon Thyme.