a hardy plant; but of what country it is a native, or by whom first
introduced into the British gardens, we have yet to learn; neither have
we hitherto been able to ascertain it in any author. Our drawing was
made from very fine specimens communicated to us by William Anderson,
botanic gardener to James Vere, esq. Kensington Gore, in whose
collection it flowered copiously in the month of June last.
It is allied to the tuberous-rooted species; and perhaps nearer to
Fumaria nobilis than any other: succeeds very well in a mixture of
peat earth and loam, but prefers a sheltered and a somewhat shaded
situation; and makes a very fine appearance when in flower: it also
possesses unusual elegance in its foliage.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCXCIV.
MIMOSA LINIFOLIA.
_Flax-leaved Mimosa._
CLASS XXIII. ORDER I.
_POLYGAMIA MONŒCIA._ Various Dispositions upon one Plant.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
HERMAPH. Calyx 5-dentatus. Corolla 5-fida. Stamina 5 sive
plura. Pistillum 1. Legumen.
Mascul. Calyx 5-dentatus. Corolla 5-fida. Stamina 5-10, sive plura.
HERMAPH. Empalement 5-toothed. Blossom 5-cleft. Chives 5 or
more. Pointal 1. A Pod.
Male. Empalement 5-toothed. Blossom 5-cleft. Chives 5-10, or more.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &C.
MIMOSA, foliis sparsis suberectis angustissime linearibus.
MIMOSA, with scattered erectish very narrow linear leaves.
MIMOSA linifolia. _Ventenat Plantes Nouvelles_, tab. 2.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The empalement and blossom magnified.
2. The empalement detached and magnified.
3. A chive magnified.
4. The seed-bud and pointal magnified.
The Mimosa linifolia is a native of New South Wales, from whence it was
introduced to this country several years ago.
It has been considered in the gardens as a new species, and is known
under the name of pinifolia; but as it has been recently named
linifolia, by M. Ventenat in his Plantes Nouvelles, from plants which
we believe were sent to France from England, we have adopted the latter
name.
It is a very elegant greenhouse shrub; and arises with stiff erect
slender branches to the height of several feet, and does not flower
when young.
The Flax-leaved Mimosa is propagated chiefly by seeds, and either
not at all, or with great difficulty, from cuttings; and is usually
cultivated in light rich earth.
The individual here represented flowered very fine in the month of May
at Mrs. Wright’s, Bayswater; where our drawing was made.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCXCV.
ANTHERICUM PANICULATUM.
_Panicled Anthericum._
CLASS VI. ORDER I.
_HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Six Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX patens aut connivens. Stamina filamentis filiformibus
hirsutis. Stigma 1. Semina angulata. _Juss. Gen. Pl._ 52.
EMPALEMENT expanding or converging. Chives thread-shaped
hairy. Summit 1. Seeds angulated.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
ANTHERICUM, foliis canaliculato-ensiformibus gramineis, scapo
paniculato diffuso, radice tuberosâ.
ANTHERICUM, with channel-sword-shaped grassy leaves, diffuse
panicled flower-stem, and a tuberous root.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A leaf.
2. The chives and pointal.
3. The pointal and seed-bud, the summit magnified.
4. The seed-bud magnified.
The Anthericum paniculatum is a native of New Holland, and was lately
introduced from that country to this. In its tuberous root and woolly
filaments, it accords very well with the genus Anthericum, as defined
by Jussieu, in his celebrated Genera Plantarum; yet recedes from it
in wanting thick and fleshy leaves; which all the African species
of that genus have: hence it approximates, in habit at least, the
genus Phalangium of Jussieu, which Willdenow makes a division only of
Anthericum.
But there is nothing peculiarly remarkable in the present species
differing a little from its African congeners, because most of the
Australasian plants differ in some very striking particular or other
from their nearest affinities in all other parts of the world; and very
often constitute new genera.
It succeeds with the treatment of the Cape species, loves water, when
in active growth; continues in flower several of the summer months, and
is propagated by parting its roots in autumn, and by seeds, which it
sometimes perfects in this country.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCXCVI.
CAMPANULA VERSICOLOR.
_Various-coloured Bell-flower._
CLASS V. ORDER I.
_PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Five Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA campanulata, fundo clauso valvis staminiferis. Stigma
3-fidum. Capsula infera poris lateralibus dehiscens.
COROLLA bell-shaped with the mouth closed by staminiferous
valves. Summit 3-cleft. Capsule beneath gaping with lateral pores.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
CAMPANULA, foliis glabris cordato-ovatis undulatis, foliolis
calycinis subulatis reflexis, corollis rotato-campanulatis.
BELL-FLOWER, with smooth heart-ovate waved leaves, calyx
leaflets awl-shaped reflexed, and wheel-bell-shaped blossoms.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A radical leaf.
2. The empalement, chives and pointal.
3. A chive.
4. The seed-bud and pointal.
Without a doubt the present is not only a new species, but likewise
one of the most showy in the extensive genus Campanula; nearly all the
individuals of which have charms enough to entitle them to a place in
the flower-garden.
When our readers are told that it is an inhabitant of Greece, most of
them will readily perceive it is the very species announced in our last
number, as one that in beauty surpasses the _fairest of the fair_, and
was communicated to us, as well as the laciniata, by the Hon. W. H.
Irby, of Farnham Royal, Bucks.
It was first raised from seeds brought to this country from Greece, by
the late and much regretted Professor Sibthorp. There are two or three
varieties of it, which are all hardy, and flower in July; rising to the
height of about two feet, and making a very splendid appearance. They
succeed best in peat earth and loam; and are propagated by seeds and
by parting their roots: and are at present much sought after by all
collectors.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCXCVII.
STEWARTIA MARILANDICA.
_Maryland Stewartia._
CLASS XVI. ORDER XIII.
_MONADELPHIA POLYANDRIA._ One Brotherhood. Many Chives.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX quinquepartitus. Petala quinque. Stamina numerosa.
Stylus 1. Stigma capitatum subquinquelobum. Capsula lignosa conica,
calyci reflexo persistenti insidens, quinquelocularis quinquevalvis,
valvis crassis ligneis medio septiferis; loculis 1-2-spermis. _Uster’s
Juss. Gen. Pl. 324._
EMPALEMENT five-parted. Petals five. Chives numerous. Style
one. Summit headed somewhat five-lobed. Capsule woody conical, sitting
on the reflexed persistent empalement, five-celled five-valved, with
the valves thick woody and with partitions in the middle; with cells
one-or two-seeded.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
STEWARTIA, foliis alternis ellipticis acuminatis obsolete et
remote serrulatis, subtus villosis; floribus solitariis albis.
STEWARTIA, with alternate elliptic acuminated obscurely and
remotely serrulated leaves, hairy beneath; and solitary white flowers.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The calyx, seed-bud and pointal.
2. The chives spread open.
The Stewartia, which we have here represented, is known and cultivated
in His Majesty’s, and in various other collections of plants in the
vicinity of the metropolis, under the name of Marilandica; under
which title it likewise occurs in the third edition of Donn’s Hortus
Cantabrigiensis: but we do not find the name in any other book: neither
can we, for want of sufficient specimens, ascertain whether it is
specifically distinct from Stewartia virginica, or a variety only of
that species. From S. virginica, however, as figured by Cavanilles in
his Dissertationes, (tab. 159) it appears to differ, in having larger
and much less serrated leaves, and in their being villose beneath;
and likewise in its larger and entirely white petals. Cavanilles’
plant has one of its petals of a yellow-green colour. From Stewartia
Malachodendron it is known, at first sight, by its entire, not
lacerated petals; independent of the other _generical_ distinctions,
according to Jussieu and Cavanilles, which exist between them.
The Maryland Stewartia is, as its name imports, a native of Maryland in
America. It is a hardy shrub, and is propagated by layers; but does not
thrive unless in a moist situation, planted in a mixture of peat earth
and a little loam; and flowers in August and September.
The plant here figured was obligingly communicated to us, in bloom,
by the Marquis of Blandford, with whom it flowered in July last, we
believe for the first time in this country.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCXCVIII.
WACHENDORFIA VILLOSA.
_Villose Wachendorfia._
CLASS III. ORDER I.
_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA sex-petala, inæqualis, infera. Capsula trilocularis,
supera.
BLOSSOM six-petalled, unequal, beneath. Capsule above
three-celled.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
WACHENDORFIA, foliis lineari-ensiformibus plicatis
triplinerviis, cauleque villosis, floribus paniculatis.
WACHENDORFIA, with the triple-nerved plicated
linear-sword-shaped leaves, and stem villous; and panicled flowers.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A floral leaf.
2. The chives and pointal.
3. The pointal and summit magnified.
4. The seed-bud cut transversely.
The villous-leaved Wachendorfia is not enumerated in Professor
Willdenow’s new edition of Species Plantarum, and appears to be a
new species. It is very closely allied to W. hirsuta, but differs
sufficiently from that species in the shape of the leaves. It is
likewise extremely near akin to W. graminea, which, however, is
destitute of all pubescence, whilst ours is pubescent all over. Its
flowers are yellow, like those of hirsuta and paniculata; it rises to
the height of a foot and a half, prospers with the usual treatment of
Cape Bulbs; and was communicated to us in flower, in June last, by W.
Anderson, botanic gardener to J. Vere, Esq. Kensington Gore, where it
flowers in great perfection, and increases pretty readily by the roots.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCXCIX.
COMMELINA TUBEROSA.
_Tuberous-rooted Commelina._
CLASS III. ORDER I.
_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA sex-petala. Nectaria quinque, cruciata, filamentis
propriis inserta.
BLOSSOM, six-petalled. Nectaries five, cross-shaped, inserted
on their proper filaments.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
COMMELINA, corollis æqualibus, foliis sessilibus
ovato-lanceolatis, subtus villosis et inde ciliatis, radice tuberosâ.
Commelina tuberosa. _Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. 251.--Dill. Elth. t. 79._
COMMELINA, with equal flowers, sessile ovate-spear-shaped
leaves, villose beneath and thence ciliated, and a tuberous root.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The empalement, chives, and pointal.
2. A petal.
3. One of the nectaries.
4. A chive magnified.
5. The seed-bud and pointal, ummit magnified.
The herbaceous genus Commelina is a very singular one; and many of its
species are remarkable, not so much for the size, as for the structure
and brilliancy of their flowers; which, according to the words of the
generic character, ought to have six petals: but the present species
appears to have but three petals, the three outer being entirely of the
nature of a calyx; and effectually answering the purposes of one.
The tuberous-rooted Commelina is a native of Mexico, and in this
country requires the treatment of a hot-house herbaceous plant. It is
an old, but not common inhabitant of the British gardens; thrives well
in rich earth, and is propagated by dividing the tubers of its root,
when in a quiescent state; at which period much water is particularly
inimical to it.
The genus Commelina can only be distinguished from Tradescantia when
the flowers are open; but nevertheless differs very sufficiently, not
only in having double the number of stamina, but more especially in the
extraordinary cruciform nectaries.
Our drawing was made from very complete specimens communicated to us by
the Hon. W. H. Irby, of Farnham Royal, Bucks.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCC.
EUCALYPTUS RESINIFERA.
_Resinous Eucalyptus._
CLASS XII. ORDER I.
_ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ About Twenty Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX superus persistens truncatus, ante anthesin
tectus _operculo_ integerrimo deciduo. Corolla nulla. Capsula
quadrilocularis, apice dehiscens polysperma.
EMPALEMENT above persistent truncated, before the flowering
covered by an entire deciduous _lid_. Blossom none. Capsule
four-celled, gaping at the point and many-seeded.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
EUCALYPTUS, operculo conico tereti coriaceo calyce duplo
longiori, umbellis lateralibus solitariis. _Smith in Linn. Tr. 3. p.
284.--Willd. Sp. Pl. 2. 977._
EUCALYPTUS, with a conical columnar leathery lid twice the
length of the empalement, and lateral solitary umbels.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A bud in its infant state.
2. The calyptra or lid, when in perfection.
3. A chive magnified.
4. The pointal and seed-bud.
This species of the genus Eucalyptus, a genus well characterized from
the singular operculum, which, instead of a corolla, defends the
infantile fructification from external injuries, is a native of New
South Wales; and was introduced, by seeds from that country, into
our gardens, along with some other Eucalypti, several years ago; but
has never flowered in Britain until the present summer, in Lady de
Clifford’s collection at Paddington, where our drawing was made in July
last.
It is a shrub of considerable size, and handsome growth and foliage;
and its younger shoots droop considerably, after the very elegant
manner so much admired in the weeping willow.
But the most singular trait in the plant is its tardy and protracted
mode of flowering. It has already shown flowers, which it will not
expand until next July: they are scarce half the size they will then
be, and have upon the tip of the large calyptra one of a far smaller
size, but similar in shape, and which will soon fall off, as will also
the large one, a little previous to the expansion of the stamina next
July.
It requires a great deal of root-room, and rich earth; is a very hardy
green-house plant, and has hitherto been propagated by imported seeds
only.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCCI.
SERRATULA SPICATA.
_Spiked-flowered Saw-wort._
CLASS XIX. ORDER I.
_SYNGENESIA POLYGAMIA ÆQUALIS._ Tips united. Æqual Polygamy.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX subcylindricus, imbricatus, muticus.
EMPALEMENT nearly cylindrical, imbricated, without awns.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &C.
SERRATULA, foliis linearibus, basi ciliatis, floribus
sessilibus lateralibus spicatis, caule simplici. _Gmel. Syst. Nat. 2.
1185.--Ait. Hort. Kew. 3. 138._
SERRATULA, with linear leaves, ciliated at the base, sessile
lateral spiked flowers, and a simple stem.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A radical leaf.
2. The empalement spread open.
3. A floret.
4. The same, cut open.
5. The seed-bud and pointal.
The Serratula spicata is a native of Carolina; but has been
cultivated in the gardens of this country ever since the year
1732; notwithstanding which it is by no means a frequent plant in
collections; which I should conceive arises from its being rather
difficult to increase.
Although a syngenesious plant, its root is of the tuberous kind;
which is a peculiarity almost unparalleled in that extensive class.
The flowering-stems shoot up late in spring, and are chiefly simple:
they rise to the height of one or two feet, furnished with long linear
leaves; the uppermost of which are gradually shortened, and they are
all more or less ciliated near the base; but in this respect they
are either liable to differ very considerably, or there are several
varieties (perhaps species) of the plant. There is likewise another
strikingly singular trait in the character of this Serratula: the
flowers commence opening at the top of the spike first, and continue
flowering downwards; instead of upwards, in the usual manner; which
is a circumstance I cannot recollect having seen in any other plants;
except Agave virginica and Allium descendens. Cultivators usually
suppose the name of the last-mentioned plant to apply to its roots
striking deep into the earth: but this we apprehend is an erroneous
supposition; for it is clearly allusive to its perverted mode of
flowering.
The spiked-flowered Saw-wort flowers in July, loves a light soil in
the open air; and is propagated, although slowly, by parting its roots
after the stems die down.
Gmelin queries, and with propriety, in his edition of _Systema
Naturæ_ above cited, whether S. spicata, and S. squarrosa, (another
North American species,) are not generically distinct from the other
Serratulæ.
Our drawing was made from plants in the collection of Lady de Clifford,
at Paddington.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCCII.
CLEMATIS FLORIDA.
_Large-flowered Virgin’s Bower._
CLASS XIII. ORDER VI.
_POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA._ Many Chives. Many Pointals.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX nullus. Petala quatuor, rarius quinque. Semina caudata.
EMPALEMENT none. Petals four, rarely five. Seeds tailed.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
CLEMATIS, foliis decompositis, foliolis binatis ternatisque,
petalis ovatis. _Willd. Sp. Pl. 2. 1287._
CLEMATIS, with decompound leaves, leaflets in twos and
threes, and egg-shaped petals.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. A petal.
2. The chives and pointals.
3. The pointals.
The large-flowered Virgin’s Bower was introduced into the English
gardens, in the year 1776, from Japan; of which country it is a native;
and possesses by much the largest and most showy flowers in the whole
genus.
Although introduced so long since, it is not often met with. Our
drawing was made from very fine plants in the collection of Messrs.
Colvill, Nurserymen in the King’s Road, in the month of July last;
where they made an exceeding fine appearance.
Like many of the Japanese plants, it is found capable of resisting the
severity of our ordinary winters, without receiving much injury.
It thrives best when trained against a wall or other fence, planted in
rich soil; and is usually propagated by laying down the lowest branches
in a careful manner; which take root in due time, and may then be
safely separated from the mother plant.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCCIII.
IPOMÆA GRANDIFLORA.
_Great-flowered Ipomæa._
CLASS V. ORDER I.
_PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Five Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX quinquefidus. Corolla infundibuliformis longa, limbo
plicato quinquefido aut quinquedentato. Stigma capitatum. Capsula
trilocularis polysperma. _Uster’s Juss. Gen. Pl. 149._
EMPALEMENT five-cleft. Blossom funnel-shaped long, with
a five-cleft or five-dentated border. Summit headed. Capsule
three-celled, with many seeds in each cell.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER, &C.
IPOMÆA, foliis cordatis acuminatis integerrimis, pedunculis
subunifloris.
IPOMÆA, with heart-shaped acuminated very entire leaves, and
chiefly one-flowered peduncles.
CONVOLVULUS _grandiflorus_, foliis cordatis ovatis
obtusiusculis integerrimis, pedunculis subbifloris, calycibus
coriaceis, caule petiolisque pubescentibus. _Linn. Supp. Pl.
136.--Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. 859._
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The empalement.
2. The tube of the flower cut open, to show the structure and
insertion of the chives.
3. The pointal.
4. A capsule nearly ripe, cut horizontally and lifted up to show the
seeds.
This magnificent species of Ipomæa (the Convolvulus grandiflorus of
authors) was obligingly communicated to us in bloom in the month
of September, by A. B. Lambert, Esq. who thinks that its root will
only prove an annual one. If this indeed should eventually be the
case, it will cause it to recede in a material manner from the
Convolvulus grandiflorus as described in the Supplementum Plantarum,
and consequently in Willdenow’s Species Plantarum, which is there said
to be an arborescent species: from C. grandiflorus it should also
appear to differ, in its more pointed leaves and solitary peduncles;
and likewise in having a stigma agreeing altogether in structure
with the genus Ipomæa; which latter circumstance has occasioned us
to separate it from Convolvulus, and transfer it to Ipomæa; because
the conformation of the stigma in those extensive genera, often
(but we fear not always) affords the most satisfactory characters
for discrimination. All their species which we have examined, (and
they have been very numerous,) possibly might be united into one
genus, without committing much outrage against nature, or the natural
affinities of her vegetable kingdom.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCCIV.
MORÆA MINIATA.
_Red-lead-coloured Moræa._
CLASS III. ORDER I.
_TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Three Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
COROLLA hexapetala; petala tria interiora patentia;
angustiora. Stigma trifidum.
BLOSSOM six-petalled, the three interior ones spreading.
Summit trifid.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
MORÆA, monadelphia, scapo tereti ramoso, foliis
lineari-ensiformibus, caulinis spathaceis, petalis expansis
sub-æqualibus ovalibus.
MORÆA, monadelphous, with a round branched scape, leaves
linear-sword-shaped, stem ones spathaceous, and petals expanded nearly
equal and oval.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The outer sheath of the flower.
2. The inner one.
3. The seed-bud, chives and pointal, as they stand in the flower.
4. The same magnified.
5. The monadelphous chives spread open.
In vain have we turned over all the multifarious works of Jacquin,
and many other publications, in search of information concerning this
elegant plant: for our labour has not been rewarded with the least
success. As a species, therefore, we conceive it to be entirely new;
and in its generic characters, by no means destitute of botanical
importance. With Moræa we have placed it, because it perhaps best
agrees with that genus; yet cannot satisfactorily associate it with
Moræa tricuspis (Vieussieuxia De la Roche) and its affinities. In its
monadelphous stamina it approaches Sisyrinchium and Ferraria; and its
flat red flowers remind us of the anomalous Ixia Chinensis[D].
Our drawing was made from the Clapham collection, about the same time
that Iris Pavonia of our 364th plate was drawn. It requires the same
treatment as that splendid plant, and is a native of the same country:
but we fear it is not at present to be found alive in Britain.
[D] This plant, after having been arranged under the several genera,
Ixia, Moræa, and Ferraria, is now established as a new genus, by the
name of Pardanthus, in the second number of Annals of Botany, just
published.
[Illustration]
PLATE CCCCV.
PRIMULA DENTIFLORA.
_Toothed-flowered Primula._
CLASS V. ORDER I.
_PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._ Five Chives. One Pointal.
ESSENTIAL GENERIC CHARACTER.
CALYX tubulosus quinquedentatus persistens. Corolla tubulosa
quinqueloba, fauce perviâ. Capsula apice decemvalvis. _Uster’s Juss.
Gen. Pl. 108._
EMPALEMENT tubulose five-toothed persistent. Blossom tubulose
five-lobed, with a pervious throat. Capsule at the apex ten-valved.
SPECIFIC CHARACTER.
PRIMULA, foliis cordatis crenato-lobatis prærugosis, corollis
acute dentatis.
PRIMULA, with heart-shaped crenatedly lobed very rough
leaves, and sharply dentated flowers.
REFERENCE TO THE PLATE.
1. The empalement.
2. A blossom laid open, to show the insertion and structure of the
chives.
3. The seed-bud and pointal.
4. The same magnified.