however, are the women whose homes are taken care of by competent hands
and feet other than their own, who with ordinary capacity for management
can give the necessary orders in fifteen minutes every morning and have
the rest of the day in which to do nothing. These women might as well do
something even if they have no special gifts, for as idlers they
encumber the earth. They are not doing things at home that keep women
busy and happy.
I think any young couple is fortunate when the woman has to do
everything about the house and does it happily, but in view of all the
different angles that this problem presents, I would give no advice,
only urge young people to think over what they want out of life very
carefully when they are making the decision of how they will start their
life together.
_Gladys Hoagland Groves_
CHAPTER FIVE
_Learning to Live Together_
The wedding shuts one gate and opens another. The longings and dreamings
of courtship are at an end. The supreme intimacy of life begins.
As John and Mary move away from the altar, pronounced man and wife, they
know they are starting a great adventure. His beaming face masks a stiff
determination to keep his bride happy in spite of any worldly obstacles.
Her radiance hides a solemn inward vow to do everything humanly possible
to make smooth the way of their life together. They are right. Unless
they are very different from most people, this new joint enterprise is
going to mean more to each of them than anything else ever can.
Before them is a clear road. Not to happiness, as they may believe, but
to the opportunity for gaining happiness. The goal is not easily won,
but they can attain it without the aid of luck or rare gifts or
miracles--simply by practicing the common everyday virtues that bring
success in all human ventures.
A young couple's engagement period is like any other time of excited
anticipation, when one has received the promise of something greatly
desired, but must wait awhile before its delivery. The happiness of the
waiting period is characterized by the absence of a critical spirit, and
therefore is apt to be thought of as an experience of pure delight. But
the first days of marriage bring out a different set of feelings--those
that come when one has definitely obtained possession of anything that
before was only promised. At first the emotions seem to stand
still--this is the long-coveted moment! Then one begins to appraise. Is
the object of one's wishes as desirable as one had expected?
Because reality rarely measures up to imagination, the first answer is
almost bound to be, "No, this is not what I expected." And the first
emotion tends to be disappointment. If one accepts the fact that
discrepancy between imagination and reality is inevitable, he is better
able to go on to a more thorough examination of the situation, from the
fresh viewpoint of finding out just what he has received, regardless of
hazy but optimistic expectations; and the object possessed will more
than likely turn out to be better than, although different from, what
the imagination pictured.
Knowing that a fleeting sense of disappointment is not peculiar to one's
own marriage, but likely to occur in all, as in every other human
undertaking, takes away its power to hurt. Unworried by any fear of
calamity, each marriage partner can turn to account his or her powers of
discernment by learning to recognize the assets as well as the
liabilities of the partnership.
Roughly, both the helps and the hindrances to married happiness can be
lumped under one word--personalities. Temperament, mannerisms,
tastes--all that is implied in the distinct individuality of each
person--make up the chief source of the advantages and disadvantages
with which the couple enter marriage. These traits cannot be changed
overnight. Nor is it necessary, or at all wise, that they should be.
John attracts Mary, and she appeals to him, because the personality of
each one is what it is. Love has grown up between the two as a result of
this personality attraction. And love is the motive that will make both
try to keep open the pathway to marriage success.
But love is not a finished product that, once it comes, can forever
after be trusted to keep its strength. Like everything else that is
alive, it must be kept growing through exercise, or it wastes away.
Love gives the push that keeps a marriage moving, but it does not give
the direction. That comes from understanding and cooperation. Although
John and Mary love each other as feverishly as any other couple at
first, if their loved is self-centered and ingrown, it will eventually
turn to hate, or wear thin and give way to indifference. This is what
they must guard against. While love is still the moving force of their
lives, they must study the problems that are due to come. To wait until
they are beset by them is to beg for trouble.
In order to cope with their problems they must realize, first, that they
cannot stumble upon married happiness; that they must possess and
cultivate a positive will to succeed. Then they must understand that the
will is in itself not enough; it must be coupled with a willingness to
work, and work hard, for the happiness that can be the greatest blessing
of their lives. And finally, they must know what constitutes a happy
marriage--what to aim for in their day-to-day association.
What makes a successful marriage? Here are nine guideposts to help John
and Mary along their road:
_1. The first requirement is the building of a union that is just to
both._
The smaller issues on which this rests are the lively clashes of
opposite desires, inevitable in the coming together of any two persons,
intensified when those two persons are as different as a man and a
woman, and unavoidable for two committed to a lifetime together in the
close quarters of marriage.
_2. Compromise will lift these essentially petty decisions of precedence
above the level of selfishness._
Decisions must be made on the basis of what is good for both, not the
selfish or narrow wish of either. The choice that brings the larger
advantage to the two persons in their common role of marriage partners
is the one to be made. Human judgment being as faulty as it is, time may
show that any one decision has been an error, but there can be no ill
will about it if each feels that an honest effort was made to be fair.
For example, Mary wants to buy a car, just as John is reckoning that the
time has come to build a house. Or perhaps he wants to invest money in
professional or business advancement at the precise moment when she
realizes she wants a child. In either situation, the particular couple
involved have to weigh delicately the effect on their joint enterprise
of the conflicting courses of action. Much as Mary may crave a child or
a car, she might not be able to enjoy either if she got it, unless John
were ready to share in her delight. Nor could he, overruling her against
her will, find in his choice of home-owning or personal-career
investment the satisfaction he had expected. They two, and nobody else,
can make the decision to fit their marriage.
Readiness to try to imagine the partner's point of view has to be
supplemented by calmness in considering the probable effect of either
course on both persons. If each one is hurt at the other's inability to
join instantly in his, or her, plans, they will need to take pains not
to get sidetracked into making a personal contest of the affair. Trying
to win over your partner with a single eye to getting what you want,
regardless of its effect on the mate, is short-sighted in the extreme.
Even if you could care only for personal pleasure, that cannot long
outlast your spouse's displeasure.
Staging a contest or a succession of small contests, for the sake of
finding out who is boss builds up a habit of fighting that may lead to a
bitter end. It is useless to discover who can win in any particular
skirmish. What is important is to learn whether one of you is set on
being "head of the house." If your spouse craves that distinction, by
all means hand it over without delay. It is an empty honor, for the one
who bends but does not break will readily develop the fine art of
influencing the headstrong one.
Because it is part of the traditional feminine character to enjoy giving
in to the man, this tendency must be scrutinized when it appears. No man
can afford to be crippled for life by letting his wife swaddle him with
solicitude as some mothers spoil their children for their own
glorification. A woman's feeling that she will be emotionally gratified
by making a sacrifice does not prove that, aside from her momentary
pleasure, there is any value in it. The ease or difficulty with which
husband or wife makes an adjustment in no way measures the worth of that
adjustment for their partnership.
Because of women's recent growth in socially recognized independence,
any individual woman may waver between a craving for self-sacrifice and
a repugnance to the very thought of it. This changeableness can make her
feel resentful after she has given in to her husband. All this must be
taken into account in making decisions. Compromise, not submission,
should be the rule. If John forges ahead on one count, Mary must find
an acceptable outlet for herself on some other front.
_3. Respect for the other member of the marriage association is a
must-have. No demand should be laid upon the mate that requires a
drastic change of personality._
Nobody can suddenly change his personality at will, and the effort to do
so to please the partner is liable to result in a topheavy hypocrisy--a
superstructure calculated to impress the observer, but built on a shaky
foundation of chaos.
The changes a husband or wife makes in the partner's total personality
are in the nature of altered emphasis in the expression of traits
already present. These minor changes occur as by-products of active
response to the personality of the mate in many small daily contacts,
and not as a result of exhortation. Nor are they necessarily permanent.
A chameleon changes color easily to match its environment or temper of
the moment, but a human being's more lasting change is not so readily
made.
Each marriage partner must be proud of the other and let the other
continue to be proud of him or her. Therefore you have to respect
yourself and act as if you did, even at home. Too many couples exploit
the sense of let-down that marriage brings with it. After so long a
time, husband and wife cease to feel that they must exert themselves for
each other in little matters. Knowing themselves accepted, they
lounge--mentally, mannerly, and physically--when at home or elsewhere
alone together. Some of this relaxation is a good thing, but it is a
mistake to let home and spouse degenerate into nothing more than an
invitation to be lazy.
Using the mate for relief, as in nagging, whining, crying, or grumbling,
is taboo. If you are tired or irritable, you can rest or exercise for
restoration, as in the days before marriage. To pour out troubles or
act out annoyance without restraint before the mate is to wear out his
or her spontaneity and dry up the source of refreshment you are trying
to tap. Fatigue and nervousness, expressed, breed fatigue and
nervousness in a sympathetic audience.
_4. Too great concentration is to be avoided. Even the greatest love
stagnates if it is kept out of the main current of life. To care only
for each other is selfishness for two, only one step removed from
self-centered engrossment._
This is why the unique value of children is their service as an entering
wedge in the close-grown love of husband and wife, a wedge that widens
and holds forever wider the unity of love it has penetrated. Other
responsibilities, other interests, may serve a similar purpose, though
more easily dislodged and seldom striking so deep.
Friends, old and new, have a function in relieving the overclose concern
of one marriage partner with the other. If they are to play their full
part in preventing overconcentration, the friends must not be limited to
those who appeal equally to both the husband and the wife. Common
friends are fine, but for this purpose there is special need of friends
for either spouse who can call forth those sides of his or her nature
that are not aroused by the mate. A brilliant man may be bored by his
wife's slower-thinking women friends, but these may be just what she
needs as a relief from the high-pressure intellectual life she is
leading with him. A stylish woman may be appalled at the slouchy
appearance of some of her husband's cronies, who are a necessary balance
wheel for him in the strenuous gyrations he goes through to keep the
sartorial pace she sets.
The factor that underlies all the perplexities, and most of the
contentment, of marriage is its unique degree of concentrated intimacy.
Here the supreme testing always comes. Each means so much to the other,
each needs so much from the other, that there can be no halfway
satisfaction in being together. But there will come a first time when
John is too tired to go out with Mary, or vice versa. Do not think of it
as a blow; do not believe he or she is implying "I do not want to go out
with you because I am getting tired of you." You must realize that it is
important to have some privacy of time, if not of space. The wife may be
alone part of the day and profit by it. When John comes home at night,
he has not had that privilege. His need for privacy must be appreciated,
whether he wants to get it by staying at home alone in the evening, or
by going out without his wife, or by having his friends in when she is
not around.
_5. The general level of emotion is what counts, not the spectacular
scaling of peaks. Staking all on high moments is melodrama with no comic
relief._
Some husbands, some wives, are artists at achieving and momentarily
living up to romantic settings, but quickly flop down to the lower
levels of decent fairness between the high spots of their sentimental
flare-ups. Others cannot utter a poetic phrase, make a romantic gesture,
or let their eyes show the quick intensity of their tender emotions if
they must die for it. This difference is one of make-up and training,
not of marriage capacity.
The couple who are sure of each other's steady affection, regardless of
its expression in romantic interludes, are the ones who can afford to
smile at the anxiety of those newly married husbands and wives who are
terror-stricken at any lessening of the outward expressions of love.
Another terrible moment that is due to come may seem even more
frightening because it is you who are slipping. Soon or late you find
that some familiar mannerism of your spouse displeases you. It may be a
slight uncouthness at table, a peculiar back-country phrase or
pronunciation, some gesture of timidity or swaggering. Once you loved
it as a part of the individuality of the person you fell in love with.
Now it vexes you. And your vexation terrifies you. Does this mean that
you no longer love your mate as you did? You cannot help your change of
feeling. How, then, can you hope to keep your affection from
disappearing altogether if it has already begun to wane? You remember
other people you once thought you loved, and wonder, panic-stricken, how
you can keep this love from dying as those other loves did.
This is probably an almost universal experience, marking, not the
beginning of the end of love, but the passage from an adolescent type of
blind devotion to a more mature affection that persists in spite of
being able to admit the flaws it sees. For the very young a person must
register one hundred percent or be rejected. Maturity brings recognition
of human imperfections in the most heroic, but also develops the ability
to weigh big and little things and to love with more confidence because
unafraid of being disturbed by little imperfections.
Now that you can see your mate more clearly, you should also be able to
see more accurately his, or her, good points, which before were hidden
from you in the mist of your enthusiasm. Your love is now becoming less
self-centered and more helpful to your partner.
_6. There can be no holding on to the present nor seeking to bring back
the past. Each moment is new and good in itself._
The tale is never told. Always it is the unturned page the holds the
answer to the question, "How goes it with this marriage?" The present is
useful only as a foundation stone for the future, which is being built
up out of many fleeting present moments, each quickly lost in the past.
Trying to convince yourself that you still feel a kind of love you have
outlived prevents your growing into the more mature kind of love that
fits your present stature and prepares for the needs of the future.
Attempting to hold the partner to a similar static expression of love
hampers the growth in him or her of an expanding reality of love.
_7. There can be no narrowing of marriage to mere sex adjustment. What
is essential is life adjustment, of which sex is but a part._
To interpret the marriage association as little more than sex is to
throw away all chance of success, even in the realm of sex. The two
lives have to be adjusted to each other, and the two persons have to
work out a common life that means something to them over and above the
pleasure they may take in each other's company. As a continuing part of
this life adjustment, sex adjustment can develop into a permanent factor
of married happiness; but without the larger adjustment, the partial
adjustment cannot be made in any fundamental and enduring form.
In the sex life in marriage, as in other parts of the association, each
partner wins by considering the other before the self. Since marriage
grows by enveloping, rather than by being enveloped by, any one element,
every part of the married life must receive the same painstaking
attention. At no point can the domination of either partner over the
other take the place of adjustment.
_8. There must be no cultivation of sensitiveness, no looking for hurt,
but instead a complete trust in each other._
One who prides himself or herself on having to be handled with gloves
has a great deal of growing up to do in order to be able to be an active
partner in the marriage. Cry-babying is no more helpful in marriage than
in business or social life; it is only more easily indulged in, more
tempting because of the sympathetic response it is likely at first to
receive.
In the healthy marriage, this sympathetic response will soon give way to
anger, which in turn may have the effect of a dash of cold water in the
face of the oversensitive one, helping him or her to buck up and behave
like an adult. In the unhealthy marriage, sympathy will grow into pity,
which drives out the indispensable attitude of respect.
The person who has the backbone to try to play the part of a mature
being will realize that getting hurt in any human association is a
two-edged affair. Both get hurt, but the weak person does nothing but
squeal about it, while the robust ignores it except for trying to take
some constructive step to prevent future occasions for hurt. The
marriage partner who is mature will maintain trust in the other's good
intentions in the face of what might seem to be occasions for hurt
feelings.
A chief advantage of the married estate is its opportunity for
frankness. "Why doesn't his wife tell him of that unpleasant mannerism,
so he can correct it?" bears witness to the universal appreciation of
this function of married life. But if John nurses hurt feelings whenever
Mary punctures his vanity by suggesting that he presents to the world a
less than perfect front, Mary may soon lose courage and relinquish her
wifely job of husband improvement. Or the combination may be reversed.
Frankness must go clothed in tact. Stiff-minded people who are frank
only when angry lose their case before they present it. If the
expression of anger is to have its proper stimulative effect, it has to
be administered but rarely, and then in small doses. More has a
paralyzing effect on the recipient, producing a response in kind that
takes away the ability to think of anything except retaliation.
_9. Willingness to grow is the most necessary factor for success.
Marriage is a life program of going on together that requires
maturity; failure means that there is a holding on to childishness._
We are all immature at some points, but we can welcome opportunities for
growth, painful though they may be. The man and woman who find their
marriage yielding diminishing returns may be sure they are attempting to
hold it to an adolescent level. As this is an impossibility, they are
aware of increasing dissatisfaction. That does not mean they are
unadapted to each other. They are afraid to leave the known pleasures of
their first youth for the unguessed satisfactions of maturity, so they
try to stand still, hoping to keep their marriage, unchanged, in its
first stage of promise.
If both husband and wife accept maturing responsibilities as they come,
their marriage relationship will keep pace with their own development
and will therefore become increasingly satisfying to them. A truly
mature couple do not look back with longing to the early part of their
married life, but appreciate its value as a phase that led up to the
deeper content of each succeeding phase.
Having invested years, their youth and hopes, in their marriage, it
would be poor business for any couple to fail to follow up their initial
investment by putting in such small regular amounts of thought and
effort as will make a go of it. The difference between success and
failure is the hairline difference between caring and ceasing to care
for one's investment.
Married life is serious business, as living always is, but it is easier
and at the same time more rewarding than single life. To be human is to
be lonely. To be successfully married is to have an inner bulwark
against loneliness.
_Elizabeth Bussing_
CHAPTER SIX
_Marriage Makes the Money Go_
"And they lived happily ever after!"
The romance in the old storybook always ended blissfully in marriage.
The valiant Prince Charming slew dragons, vanquished giants, and worsted
sorcerers; but once he had attained the fair lady of his dreams, he left
all his worries behind him.
Today, however, Prince Charming, unless he is an incurable romanticist,
realizes that the real struggle begins only after marriage.
"Now that you have won the fair lady how are you going to support her?"
is the question he must solve satisfactorily before he can qualify as a
suitable husband. The answer is determined by two factors: "How much
money is earned?" "How can that sum be spent most efficiently?"
The first query is quickly disposed of. The second, however, requires
careful thought and planning. Its solution is up to both the husband
and the wife, for each couple must work out their individual problem. We
wish we could do it for them, but we can't. At best we can only give the
rules which we have evolved as the result of our own experience.
The first step in the art of orderly spending is the preparation of an
adequate budget. This is not so formidable as it seems, for the budget
is nothing more than an inventory of resources and a calculation of
needs that will help you develop a schedule of spending which should be
fair to both you and your partner. It will differ in detail for each
couple, because no matter how similar circumstances may seem to be,
senses of values will vary.
At the start, however, it is well to keep an itemized account of
expenditures to aid in adjusting your budget to actual needs and to
learn just how much you are spending for each item. You may find that
you have been paying more for some things than you thought you were.
Once you have settled on the approximate amount to be allotted to each
purpose, however, you probably will find that keeping a written record
of every purchase is more of a nuisance than a help.