FAREWELL
“And that is all.” The Sherif gave a sigh and hitched up his jellaba
till the rose-red kaftan[113] showed below it. “Now you know my life as
well as I do.” “But not your mind, Sidi.” Dinner and its attendant tea-
making were over, and we were sitting outside my tent in the moonlight.
A little wind stirred the leaves of the fig-tree. A yellow cat sat in
the shadows and regarded me with eyes which had turned into green lamps.
“The mind of man is open at this hour,” said Raisuli. “Ask me questions,
and I will answer them.”
“Tell me of the future. What is going to happen to Morocco?” “It is in
the hands of Allah,” answered the Sherif. “But I am tired, and I would
go to Egypt to rest.” “If you go, you take with you the one chance of
peace.” “If I go, perhaps Spain will realize that I have been more her
friend than her enemy. It is always the same thing. There is no change.
What I said to the Spaniards at the beginning, I say to them now—there
is only one medicine for Morocco, but they will not administer it. You
have seen their forts and their soldiers, and, Ullah, all the country
that they have taken is my country and under my influence. Had they gone
the way I wanted, they could have occupied it without firing a shot. The
people trusted me, and, if I had said to them, ‘This is good,’ they
would have made no opposition.” He looked up at the stars, which were so
big that it seemed as if one could pick them out of the flower-bed that
was the sky.
“If you allied yourself definitely with Spain, would not the people say
you had sold yourself to the Christians, in which case you would lose
your influence in face of their fanaticism?” I asked. “In any country
that is ignorant, there are always ten per cent. who loathe the Nasrani,
but the other ninety per cent. are willing to live in peace with him, as
long as their laws and their religion are not interfered with. If they
find that there are many changes, they join the ten per cent. who are
savages.
“France rules for the mass of the people, without making exceptions. If
she imposes a tax, it has to be paid without discussion. Spain rules for
the individual, and that is good, for she searches how such and such a
tax will affect different men, but a foreign rule must be very light. A
protectorate should protect those who suffer from an injustice, but not
interfere in the customs of the land. This is difficult, unless there is
one man who can make things clear between the Government and the people.
A tribesman runs from the Qadi, who has punished him justly, to an
official who does not understand the matter, and the respect of the Qadi
is lessened. In the police posts, an Arab has a grudge against another,
so he goes to the officer and says, ‘This man has stolen the goats of
So-and-so,’ and how is the Spaniard to know that the accused is his
enemy? All ignorant men are liars, and it is only their own ulema who
can convict them.”
There was a prolonged silence, and the yellow cat crept up and wound
itself round and round the Sherif’s foot. He bent to stroke it.
“Civilization must come slowly, and its interpreter must not be an army.
The people see soldiers with rifles, and they think that some harm will
be done them or that they will lose their lands, so their fingers fly to
the trigger, and for them civilization means death. The way must be
better prepared.”
“Perhaps the next generation,” I murmured. “They will be worse,”
retorted Raisuli, “for they have seen the evil that has been done to
their parents. At present you are teaching our sons your knowledge that
they may use it against you. Abdul Krim el Khattabi was educated at
Madrid and studied to become an expert in the mines.[114] He is low-
born, so he found no better use for his learning than destruction.”
“What about the Riff?” I asked. “If you had an agreement with Spain,
could you deal with the Riff?” A chuckle came from old Mulai Sadiq, but
the Sherif was impassive. “It would be an easy matter, for I have still
many friends among the Riff. Abdul Krim is the result of circumstances.
When he was a little boy, his father wrote to me and said that he wanted
to send his son to Madrid to study. He asked me if I would use my
influence with the Spaniards, or if I would take the child into my own
house. I answered, ‘Wait until he is older.’ It is the same medicine
which is required in the Riff.”
“How would you administer it?” “At present, Abdul Krim makes much
politics (propaganda) against me, and I say nothing, for I am waiting;
but if there was an agreement with Spain, the Riff would cost few
Christian lives. Abdul Krim can raise 30,000 men against the Nasrani,
and not one will betray him, for the Riffs are fanatical, though they
are not good Moslems. But do you think a quarter or a fifth of the
number who would be with me, would fight the Ashraf? When Moslem fights
Moslem many of the bullets go wide. In fact, there would be some
fighting by my mehallas and much propaganda, but peace would be swift.
Yet I think no Christian could rule the Riff—at least not in this
generation—but others, well chosen, might do it in the name of Spain.
“It was thus that I thought things would go in the beginning, but there
have been mistakes and misunderstandings. When the Spaniards landed it
was by my help, and in the towns there were three kinds of men. There
were some who bought a European hat and stick, and walked about the
streets and thought they were equals of the Pasha. There were others who
went into their houses and shut the doors, and said, ‘This is the end,
but it is the will of Allah’; and there were some who did not even
realise that anything new had happened. Only I looked ahead and hoped
for the benefit of the country, for I liked the Spaniards. We have much
in common—you see, we are all liars together!! I have fought against
strangers, for all the Spaniards whom I met became my friends.”
“And now?” I queried after a silence. “Every man loves his own country,
but I have written three times to the Government asking that I may go
away, for what is the use of pretence in this land which only strength
can control? The force is in my hands. You have seen it. You have felt
it. There are posts on all the hills, but only my word keeps them there.
The country is waiting and uncertain, but I hold it down—”
Our eyes met, at last, and I knew that the same thought was in both our
minds. In a palace at Tetuan the ill-fated Kalipha was struggling with
the effects of a poison administered in small doses by a cook who had
been bribed by the Grand Vizier, now languishing in chains at Xauen. The
doctors had ordered change of air, a journey to Ronda, but it was
whispered that Mulai el Mehdi, weak, amiable and high-minded, would soon
go on a longer journey. The pretence was wearing very thin.
“Much has been written against me,” said Raisuli, “by men who do not
know Africa. There have been many parties in Spain, and each one has
followed his own policy, but here in Morocco there is no policy, only
strength. Abdul Krim knows this, and he tolerates no dissension and no
hesitation among his people. Each day that Spain delays, his power
increases. She must choose quickly and finally. Either she can withdraw
to the coast towns, and in that case Abdul Krim’s greed will stretch out
to the West and yearly more will be lost to her, or she can make use of
the weapon I put into her hand at Larache.”
The song of the crickets was persistent and the wind grew cold as it
blew over the hills. “The same things I tell you tonight,” said the
Sherif, “I told the Spaniards long ago, when I was great and powerful,
not as I am now.” “If el Raisuli had but one tent and one mule,”
interrupted Mulai Sadiq, “he would still be powerful.” The Sherif did
not deny it. “Things do not change in Africa,” he said. “But you,” I
asked, “have you changed?” “No,” answered el Raisuli, “I am a friend of
Spain and of my own people, which should be the same, for all things
come from Allah.” “There is but one God, and God is Great,” murmured
Mulai Sadiq.
There were few hours left for sleep that night, for it had been arranged
that we should start shortly after sunrise and arrive at Suq el Khemis
while it was still moderately cool. Accordingly I got up yawning in the
darkness and saw the dawn creep between the hill-tops. The chief of all
the slaves, old Ba Salim, came to me, smiling. “Breakfast arrives,” he
said, but of course it did not, nor did the mule for my baggage, and the
world was very much awake when, at last, the familiar procession
appeared.
This time our bowls of soup were reinforced with coffee and bread full
of caraway seeds, thickly buttered on all sides. After we had dealt with
these luxuries, Ghabah brought an unexpected second course, consisting
of very sweet pastry stuffed with rice. “Allah be praised—that is
finished,” said Mulai Sadiq, who hated riding in the heat. “Not at all!”
I replied woefully, and pointed down the path. Mubarak was approaching
leisurely with an enormous platter, on which was a mountain of rice
decorated with a chicken or two and some very hard apples. Inwardly
groaning, we did our best to destroy the symmetry of the mountain, but,
by this time, even the cats were surfeited.
“The Sherif comes,” announced Badr ed Din. “Now you will soon start.” We
waited another hour, and it began to get hot. Then one of the small
slaves was seen scuttling down the path. He kissed Mulai Sadiq’s sleeve
hurriedly and almost choked over his whispered message. It appeared that
the Sherif wished to see his English guest in the Zawia. This was a
supreme honour, and quite unexpected, for, as long as Raisuli is within
his house, no one may approach him or send him a message, and even
Moslem visitors are received in the building opposite.
I followed the small messenger to the door, and there he disappeared,
curling himself up under a ragged cloth and apparently going peacefully
to sleep. After a few minutes the bolts were withdrawn, and Mohamed
Khalid came out, took me ceremoniously by the hand and led me across the
threshold. Still hand in hand, we went down the length of the porch, to
another door, this time bright blue, which was opened by unseen fingers.
The next moment I found myself in the room which had been built round
the great tree supposed to be intimately connected with the fortunes of
Raisuli. The light was dim, because it filtered through windows of
coloured glass. The floor was paved in black-and-white marble, the walls
had a wide dado of mosaics, and the ceiling was carved and painted. In
the centre, was a quadrangle of Moorish arches, slender, with fretted
curves, and, between these, stood the tree. All that was visible was a
portion of the trunk, its girth so wide that two men could not span it
with outstretched arms, for the rest soared through the roof which had
been built around it.
Raisuli stepped out of the shadows to meet me, and I saw a different
man. Without losing any of his dignity, he had put aside his reserve.
His face was extraordinarily kindly and the size of it seemed to magnify
its smile. “I want to show you my family,” he said. “They were very
curious about the one European lady who has been to Tazrut.” He took my
arm in fatherly fashion and pushed me gently towards a group of women,
some of whom I had seen before, though I hardly recognised them in their
splendour.
“They are all very shy,” he said, and beamed on them with obvious pride.
The little bride kept her lashes down, but she no longer looked
frightened. Her black hair was parted in the middle, and smoothed over
her ears like silk, and the ends were plaited round a thick purple cord
which fell to her feet. This apparently is the fashion on state
occasions, for every woman had the same silk rope hanging from her head
and caught in a loop at the waist, so that it looked like a tail. The
bride, Khadija, was exquisite in gold-embroidered muslin over yellow
silk, with a wide belt of brocade that slipped over her slender hips,
and a mass of heavy jewellery. There was another wife, Zobeida, who was
fair-skinned and plain, with faint pit-marks on her face; and the
daughters ranged from the tall Kheizrana in flaming orange, who might
have been a Circassian, to a child of four or five, who promptly toddled
forward and caught the Sherif’s hand in fearless fingers. Raisuli beamed
on her. “This is the smallest of them all,” he said, and patted the mop
of red-dyed hair.
I felt myself growing more and more bewildered, while I watched a
benignant patriarch smiling on a flock of children, the sort of smile
that, in Europe, denotes sweets in a grandfatherly pocket! In the
background a group of slaves peered round the edge of the door, their
waistcoats of bright purple or scarlet gleaming against the dim
background. Twenty pairs of eyes watched me with growing curiosity, but
the Sherif’s voice, with its new warm note, brought them expectantly to
his face. “They want to give you a present,” he said, “as a remembrance
of your visit.”
There was much smiling and whispering. Then Haula, the least shy, pushed
something into her father’s hand. “It is not from me, but from them,”
added the Sherif, and held out two heavy gold bangles. Vainly I
protested. The throng closed round me like eager children, and Raisuli
slipped the bracelets over my wrists. “We were afraid they might be too
small, for you are taller than any of my family, but they fit well, el
Hamdulillah!”
The interview was terminated by my incoherent thanks, while the youngest
daughter sat down on the floor and solemnly stroked my riding-boots. As
the Sherif passed them, the girls bent to kiss his knees, while he
patted them on the shoulder, but, when the bride stooped, he caught her
wrist and drew her up with murmured words, which made her fold closer
the white shawl that half covered her head.
Out in the portico, with the blue door shut behind us, I looked
curiously at Raisuli, and wondered how much of the real man I knew, for
here was but a courteous host speeding a guest whom he was anxious to
honour.
There was a crowd of servitors at the gate. Mulai Sadiq was already
astride his red-saddled mule, his scarlet prayer-rug, the only luggage
he had brought with him, laid across the pommel. A one-eyed mountaineer
led the Afrit, who was doing his best to upset the composure of the
baggage-beast which bore my depleted suit-cases, in panniers obviously
designed for grain. Badr ed Din and the Kaid murmured farewells—“Ma
Salamah,” With safety—“Let not this be your last visit!” “Allah keep
you—may the way be easy.”
Then Ghabah seized my stirrup, and I mounted amidst a chorus of good
wishes. “Allah take you in safety to your country, and may your desire
bring you back to us,” said the Sherif, and, as he stood framed in the
archway, with his people a step or two below him, I caught a last
glimpse of the other Raisuli, who could never refuse the prayer of a
woman, and who sent three times to the mountain to fetch a half-starved
yellow cat. . . .
The expression vanished as he turned to speak to the Kaid. Swiftly we
clattered over the cobbles towards the hills of Beni Aros. Mulai Sadiq
was determined to make up for lost time. It was not till we were nearing
the sanctuary of Sidi Musa that he asked me, “Well, was your visit good?
Are you satisfied?” I nodded, remembering, rather wistfully, those days
spent in a strange world, wondering how much or how little I had learned
in them. “Ullah,” said the old man, peering at me over the edge of his
yellow spectacles, “this will not be your last visit, for the Sherif’s
‘baraka’ has affected you already!”
INDEX
Abd el Melak, 54, 55, 61
Abderahman, Abd es Sadiq, 40-3, 46, 53-55, 64
Abd es Salaam, 11, 80, 207, 288, 291, 334
Abdul Aziz, 51, 53, 55, 58, 63-4, 66, 69, 77, 79, 82-3, 88, 90, 103,
112, 181, 254
Abdul Melek, agent of Germany, 201, 253
Aeroplanes, Spanish, 15, 278, 286, 293-4, 305; Arab description of,
122, 278, 329
Ain el Yerida, 5, 10, 117, 139, 164, 186, 209, 222; Spanish troops
welcomed to, 244, 278; capture of, 293-4
Alfau, first Spanish High Commissioner, 176, 184, 186, 189, 192
Algeciras, Pact of, 72
Alim, word defined, 18; used, 3, 30, 47, 239
Al Alkali, 203; murder of, 145, 209-13, 276
Al Kasr, 55, 96, 102, 109-10, 127, 130-2, 151, 180-2
Anjera, 36, 58, 92-94-5, 115, 117, 140-3, 168, 190, 192, 205, 209,
244-6, 270, 281, 283, 293, 296
Arab, biography, 23; hospitality, _see_ Guests, imagination, 113,
ingenuousness; love for a gun, 43, 115, 129; regard for sons, 176;
resignation, 47; saddle, 14
Arbi, Haj el, 42-3, 223, 224, 228
Ashraf, plural of Sherif, 85, 339
Azeila, 71, 72, 96, 99-101, 104, 115-6, 124, 130-3, 139, 143-4, 152,
160, 165, 168, 253, 279, 293, 296
Badr ed Din, escort from el Raisuli, 12-21; shared in conversations,
24, 50, 104, 106, 113, 117, 123, 124, 187, 203, 239-41, 257, 290-2,
316, 325, 342, 344
“Baraka,” a special blessing, 25, 27, 32, 35, 44, 69, 74, 79, 80, 84,
112, 119, 141, 170, 196, 219, 238, 242, 280, 293, 312, 345
Barera, a Spanish colonel, 174, 215, 267, 269, 273, 283-4, 293, 300,
301, 326, 329
Beni Aros, 14, 25, 36, 47, 61-2, 71, 95, 109, 148-50, 161-3, 173, 179,
204-7, 218, 271, 288, 292, 334, 345
Beni Kholot, 107, 147
Beni Mesauer, 36-8, 54, 70, 73, 75, 92, 94-5, 139-40, 150, 161, 173,
186, 202, 204, 211, 218, 223, 235, 296
Ben Karrish, 5, 186, 188, 192, 277
Berenguer, Spanish High Commissioner, appointed, 266; letter of el
Raisuli to, 267-72; confiscated el Raisuli’s property; methods in
fighting, 279, 299, 302, 326, 329; return to Madrid, 332
Biut, taken by Spaniards, 246-7
Blindness, penalty for disobedience, 29; supposed, of el Kherba, 259
Burguete, Spanish High Commissioner, succeeding Berenguer, 332, 335
Casablanca, 71, 84, 98, 136
Cerdeira, Spanish representative, 11, 202, 210, 215, 225, 226-8, 324,
326, 332-3
Ceuta, 189, 226, 246-7, 263, 276, 281, 294
Charbonier, Monsieur, 70
Charms, carried by el Raisuli, 35; Arab belief in, 316
Christians, assaulted and robbed, 71; burned in Xauen; called Nasrani,
_q.v._; hated by Moslems, 15, 93, 114, 122, 137, 162, 194, 207, 266,
285, _see_ Jehad; protected by el Raisuli, 59-60
Confession to a corpse, 113-4
Corps Diplomatique, 72
Cruelty, stories of el Raisuli’s, 105-119, 152, 274-5
Daughters a misfortune, 239-40
Deafa, word defined, 39; used, 43, 123
Dowries, 36, 234
Dris er Riffi, enemy of el Raisuli, 166, 168, 171, 180, 189, 192, 195,
200, 203, 213-4, 216, 327; methods of, with tribesmen, 205-6, 299,
310, 330; released from prison, 276; made Governor of Riff, 332
Eagle of Zinat, title for el Raisuli, 41
Eloquence, admired by Arabs, 39, 57, 293; el Raisuli’s practice in,
30-1; power of, 34, 38-9
Ermiki, 96, 102-4, 181-2
Europeans, relations of el Raisuli with, 58-61, 69-70, 72, 93, 99,
110, 162, 272; _see_ also, France, Germany, Great Britain, Spain
Evil eye, belief in, 317
Fabre, Father, 136-7
Faqih, word defined, 32; used, 35, 45, 53, 157, 172
Farewell, of author to el Raisuli, 341-4
Fasting, 20, 241, 248, 315
Fatalism, of el Raisuli, 34, 84, 157-8, 199, 225, 306
Fatha, word defined, 49; used, 50, 111, 205, 216
Fez, city of, 77-9, 84, 85, 94, 95, 129, 133, rebellion in, 136-7
Fondak, _see_ Ain el Yerida
France, relations of, with el Raisuli, 72, 98, 109, 115-6, 125, 129,
133, 139, 144, 195, 204, 211; with Mulai el Mehdi, 176; with Mulai
Hafid, 92-4, 136; future policy of, 273
Germany, Minister of, 72, 189, 201; policy of, 190, 204, 251, 253
Ghabah, attendant of el Raisuli, 22, 95, 103, 117, 197, 225, 297, 298,
317, 330, 341
Great Britain, relations of, with el Raisuli, 17, 20, 86-9, 91
el Guebbas, 79-81, 118, 129, 133
Guests, Arab treatment of, 39, 43, 86-8, 93, 103, 107, 124, 146,
169-70, 185, 240, 253, 279
Hamed ben Malek, 109-10
Harem, slaves of, 22; visited by author, 231-41
Harka, word defined; used, 219
Harris, Walter, author of “Morocco as It Was,” 57-61, 88
Heads of enemies cut off, 34, 36, 42, 60, 69, 123-4, 142, 213, 226,
246, 258, 283, 301
High Commissioner of Spain, _see_ Alfau, Marina, Jordana, Berenguer,
Burguete
“House of Tears,” name for el Raisuli’s palace, 99, 105
Holy War, _see_ Jehad
Imam, word defined, 42; used, 248, 255
Islam, betrayed, 137; endures beyond sects, 190; images forbidden by,
291; law of, 259, 286; once invincible, 158; el Raisuli champion of,
56, 108, 289; suited to Morocco, 68; war cry of, 243
Jebel Alan, 11, 17, 125, 287, 288, 293
Jebel Habib, 61, 193, 197, 202, 204-5, 208, 221-2, 268
Jebel Hashim, 11, 117
Jehad (Holy War), attitude of el Raisuli toward, 137, 215, 289; danger
of, 150; proclaimed, 289
Jellaba, word defined, 11; used, 12, 14, 16, 25, 31, 35, 36, 38, 44,
54, 67, 83, 103, 170, 205, 228, 241, 242, 243, 249, 288, 337
Jews in Morocco, 7, 9, 111-2
Jinns, theory of, in Koran, 313
Jordana, General, Spanish High Commissioner, appointed, 215;
conference with el Raisuli, 227-9; character and policy, 220-1, 250,
252-4, 262-5; death, 265
Khadija, young wife of el Raisuli, 237, 343
Kharaji, Mohamed el, 168-70, 254, 256-8, 286, 328
el Kherba, 255, 256-8, supposed blindness of, 259
Khotot, Peace of, 217, 262-3, 268
Larache, 108-9, 113, 133, 143, 145, 158, 176, 208, 210, 266, 283, 293,
302
Lentisco, captured by el Mudden, 307-8
Maclean, Sir Henry, 77-82, 85-9, 110
Maghsen, word defined, 34; used, 37, 39-41, 49, 50, 53, 58-9, 61, 73,
75, 77, 89, 96, 121-2, 148, 162, 208, 217, 334, 336
Mannismann “evil genius of North Africa,” 9, 313
Marina, Spanish High Commissioner, 193-4, 202, 206-7, 209-10, 213, 214
Melilla, 5, 251, 299
Menebbhe, Minister of Sultan, 202
Menebbhe, Kaid Meshwar ed, escort from el Raisuli, 12, 14, 17, 20;
joined in conversation, 51, 88, 91, 143, 186, 279, 289, 291, 297, 311,
312
Merkadi, Haj el, treachery of, 277-8
Mesqueen, word defined, 117, 155; used, 177
Mint, fondness of el Raisuli for, 8, 57
Miraculous powers, attributed to el Raisuli, 39, 83, 197, 199, 203,
312
Mogador prison, 43, 51, 79
Mohamed el Khalid, son of el Raisuli, 8, 12, 17-8, 166, 239, 241, 291,
299, 315
Mohamed el Kharaji, _see_ Kharaji
Money, el Raisuli’s estimate of, 32, 64
Morocco, a veiled country, 4; influenced by el Raisuli, 10, future of,
337
“Morocco as It Was,” by Walter Harris, 58, 60
Mubarak, attendant of el Raisuli, 22, 26, 29, 94, 103, 197, 225, 298,
316, 330, 342
el Mudden, 261; Lentisco captured by, 307; schemes of, 310-11;
miraculous powers attributed to, 318
Mulai Abdul Aziz, _see_ Abdul Aziz
Mulai Ahmed, name of el Raisuli, 25, 88
Mulai Ali, nephew of el Raisuli, 301-2, 322-5, 334-5
Mulai el Mehdi, 144, 147, 165, 176, 253, 276, 334, 340
Mulai Hafid, 66, 90-6, 104, 111, 125, 254; relations with France,
92-4, 136-7
Mulai Hassan, 37, 39-40, 51, 66, 294
Mulai Jusef, present Sultan, 139, 194
Mulai Mustapha, nephew of el Raisuli, 296, 334
Mulai Sadiq, cousin of el Raisuli, 3, 10, 14, 17-8, 21, 24, 82, 84-6,
95-7, 102, 141, 143, 147, 203, 239-41, 267, 313-4, 316, 320, 339, 341,
344-5
Musa ben Hamed, 123-4
Nasrani, name for Christian, 162, 190, 338-9
Oak tree, legend of, 287
Oleanders, 5, 11, 33, 162
Peace, efforts of el Raisuli for, 190-1, 203-4, 209, 216; first treaty
of, 217, 250; second treaty of, 326, 332-3
Perdicaris, 62-5
Poison gas, 286
Pretender, Moorish, 17, 91
Prisoners, el Raisuli’s treatment of, 61, 63, 89, 105-6, 152-4, 156,
159
Questa Colorada, 210-3
Ramadan, customs of, 22, 248-50
el Raisuli, full name, 25; ancestry, 25-8; first references to, 3-10;
appearance, 18-9; habits, 22-4; conversational methods, 20, 23-5, 38,
_see_ eloquence; boyhood, 26-32; first fighting, 33-4; imprisonment,
43-8; vengeance, 51-2; a potentate, 55-6; relations with Walter
Harris, 58-61, with Perdicaris, 62-5, with Sir Henry Maclean, 77-89;
Governor of Tangier; palace at Azeila, 99-101; relations with Spain,
_see_ Spain in Morocco; belief that life is charmed, _see_ “Baraka”;
proclaimed Sultan of the Mountains, 194, of the Jehad, 290; children,
236; wives, 237; reverenced by people, 69, 83, 106, 180, 197, 203,
243; farewell to author, 345
Ransom for Maclean, 87-8, 91-2
Rebellion in Fez, 136-7
Roosevelt, Theodore, 63
Rueda, Spanish captain, 202
Sanjurjo, Spanish general, 329
Silvestre, Spanish commander, early days in Morocco, 112-8; complained
to by tribesmen, 121-4, 149; relations of, with his Government,
124-30; increasing friction with el Raisuli, 130-148; break with him,
152-8; resignation of, 214; return to Morocco, 276, 286, 293; suicide,
325; unsuited to Morocco, 114, 157, 168
Slaves, of el Raisuli’s household, 22, 108, 231; price of in Morocco,
237
Sota, Spanish officer, 212-3
Spain in Morocco, represented by Silvestre and Zugasti, _q.v._;
108-20; strained relations, 120-34; war, 158-65; 183 _ff._; treaty of
peace, 215-7; fighting in alliance with el Raisuli, 244-52; effect of
death of Jordana, 265-72; war again, 273-90, 293-306, 325-31; second
peace agreement, 333-4; present policy, 335; el Raisuli’s summary of
relations with, 337-40
Spanish aeroplanes, 15, 278, 286, 293-4, 305; commander, _see_
Silvestre; consul, _see_ Zugasti; High Commissioner, _see_ Alfau,
Marina, Jordana, Berenguer, Burguete; occupation of house of el
Raisuli, 16, 328; politics, described by el Raisuli, 138; newspapers,
163, 193; troops, landed in Al Kasr, 110, welcomed to Ain Yerida, 244;
woman rescued by el Raisuli, 266
Sultan of Morocco, 17, 61-3, 69-70, 72, 77-8, 85, 88, 136, 146, 159
Sultan of the Mountains, el Raisuli proclaimed, 194
Tagzat, burning of, 219-20
Tangier, 40, 43, 51, 53-5, 61-3, 66-7, 69, 72, 76-7, 88, 90, 94,
120-1, 138, 144, 148, 160, 163-4, 173, 179, 192-3, 203, 252-3, 296,
309
Tazrut, 3, 4, 10-1, 15, 117, 168, 191, 197, 209, 218, 287, 295, 305
el Teledi, 85, 329, 331
Telephone in Morocco, 4, 132-3, 244, 320
Tetuan, 3, 55, 86, 115, 138, 164, 176, 184, 188, 191, 209, 221, 240,
254, 263, 270-1, 281, 294, 296, 320
Turkey, not popular in Morocco, 190
Ulema, word defined, 18, 194; used, 77, 280, 288-9, 329, 331, 338
Villalba, Marquis of, successor of Silvestre, 215, 221, 223
Villasinda, Marquis of, 174
Wadi Ras, 10, 35-6, 94-5, 117, 123, 161, 173, 186, 211, 222-3, 283-5
Wakil, word defined, 88; used, 100, 205
Warfare, Arab methods of, 183, 247, 281-4, 302-3, 311-2
Wazzan, 120-1
Wedding customs in Morocco, 234-5, 257
Woman appealed for vengeance, 33-4
Women, in el Raisuli’s house, 16, 101, 157, 160-1, 220, 231; Arabs
avenge death of, 162-3; Arab estimate of, 241; bravery of, 224, 246,
304-5
World War, 193, 204, 252, 263, 272
Xauen, 6-7, 84-5, 186, 240, 271, 296, 299, 302, 326
Zawia, in el Raisuli’s house, 16, 18, 22, 24, 243, 313, 321, 328, 330;
author admitted to, 342
Zellal, 10, 75, 77, 161, 182, 202, 208, 211, 235, 253, 254, 292, 326
Zinat, 29, 32-3, 72, 76-7, 140, 150, 168, 175-6, 191, 203, 209, 295
Zugasti, Spanish Consul at Larache, 108, 115, 134, 147, 174;
friendship with el Raisuli, 108-11, 149, 216, 271; represented Spain
in conferences, with el Raisuli, 193-4, 202, 217-10, 215, 217, 324,
332-3
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 1: Raisuli is generally called by his people “The Sherif.”]
[Footnote 2: A piece of woolen or cotton cloth worn by Arabs as an outer
garment.]
[Footnote 3: A valley, a river; a ravine through which a stream flows.]
[Footnote 4: A Spanish queen who died 200 years ago.]
[Footnote 5: Muazzin—a Mohammedan crier of the hour of prayer.]
[Footnote 6: A cloak with a hood worn by natives of Morocco.]
[Footnote 7: A devil.]
[Footnote 8: Ravine, gully.]
[Footnote 9: A Moslem learned in religion and law.]
[Footnote 10: A college composed of the hierarchy, the immamo, muftio
and cadio.]
[Footnote 11: A special blessing.]
[Footnote 12: The only woman mentioned in the genealogy.]
[Footnote 13: The prophet, Mohamed.]
[Footnote 14: An advanced student.]
[Footnote 15: A holy and wise Moslem.]
[Footnote 16: Government.]
[Footnote 17: An oriental slipper without heel or quarters.]
[Footnote 18: The custom of hospitality.]
[Footnote 19: The four great lawyers of Islam.]
[Footnote 20: A narrow fast sailing vessel.]
[Footnote 21: When el Raisuli left the prison he had the fetters which
had been on his feet weighed, and found their aggregate weight was fifty
pounds.]
[Footnote 22: The first verses of the Koran.]
[Footnote 23: Sidi Badr ed Din told me this same story, but he insisted
that el Raisuli killed eleven men with a knife before the Governor would
treat with him.]
[Footnote 24: Army of Arabs.]
[Footnote 25: Learned men.]
[Footnote 26: “Morocco as It Was,” by Walter Harris.]
[Footnote 27: Army of Arabs.]
[Footnote 28: “Morocco as It Was,” by Walter Harris.]
[Footnote 29: Roosevelt.]
[Footnote 30: A Spanish doctor in Xauen had recently operated
successfully on twenty cases of cataract, and the natives consider him a
saint.]
[Footnote 31: Here Raisuli was wrong. It was an Algerian, one
Abderrahman ben Sedira, trained by the French Government.]
[Footnote 32: Mr. Frank Rattigan’s Diary.]
[Footnote 33: Plural of Sherif.]
[Footnote 34: Or Vakil—a native representative or authorized agent.]
[Footnote 35: A kodak.]
[Footnote 36: 1,000 pesetas.]
[Footnote 37: Zugasti was born in 1886.]
[Footnote 38: “Rotters.”]
[Footnote 39: Ain el Fondak is in the middle of Wadi Ras.]
[Footnote 40: Religious endowments.]
[Footnote 41: The Great Feast (like our Christmas).]
[Footnote 42: Kibla is the prayer niche turned towards Mecca.]
[Footnote 43: The present Sultan.]
[Footnote 44: I think it was an owl.]
[Footnote 45: This was in August or September, 1912.]
[Footnote 46: December, 1912.]
[Footnote 47: See letter quoted in Appendix.]
[Footnote 48: Colloquialism—“rotters.”]
[Footnote 49: Store.]
[Footnote 50: Christian.]
[Footnote 51: Mohamed el Khalid can only have been about ten at this
time.]
[Footnote 52: In 1922.]
[Footnote 53: Christ.]
[Footnote 54: It is significant that, even at the height of the war,
they could be bought for twopence or threepence each.]
[Footnote 55: Ermiki.]
[Footnote 56: Companies.]
[Footnote 57: The official figures of this battle are 150 Spaniards dead
and 300 Moors.]
[Footnote 58: The Turkish Sultan.]
[Footnote 59: Its ruler under the dominant authority of the Turkish
Sultan.]
[Footnote 60: Christians.]
[Footnote 61: Force.]
[Footnote 62: 40,000, in reality.]
[Footnote 63: Men learned in Moslem law.]
[Footnote 64: The Sultan at Fez.]
[Footnote 65: “Praise be to the Prophet, the Messenger of God!”]
[Footnote 66: Menebbhe, the Sultan’s Minister, not the Kaid Menebbhe.]
[Footnote 67: January, 1915.]
[Footnote 68: May, 1915.]
[Footnote 69: May 11th.]
[Footnote 70: General Jordana.]
[Footnote 71: The Marquis of Villalba.]
[Footnote 72: June, 1915.]
[Footnote 73: Shells.]
[Footnote 74: “Salutation to the Prophet.”]
[Footnote 75: The point towards which Mohammedans turn their faces in
prayer.]
[Footnote 76: I think Raisuli was referring to the Inquisition.]
[Footnote 77: A towel.]
[Footnote 78: This is a common custom in Arab harems at the time of
childbirth, and the woman is supposed to gain some relief from it.]
[Footnote 79: Not the Suq el Khemis of Beni Aros.]
[Footnote 80: June 29th, 1916.]
[Footnote 81: The officer in question was Captain Tubao.]
[Footnote 82: March, 1917.]
[Footnote 83: The German agent.]
[Footnote 84: By killing any evil spirits who might be lurking around.]
[Footnote 85: Open.]
[Footnote 86: In January 1919.]
[Footnote 87: At the peace of Khotot.]
[Footnote 88: The Residency.]
[Footnote 89: The Prime Minister of Mulai el Mehdi, the Kalipha.]
[Footnote 90: Religious Endowments.]
[Footnote 91: Aeroplanes.]
[Footnote 92: July, 1919.]
[Footnote 93: An evergreen oak.]
[Footnote 94: These are round berries.]
[Footnote 95: Sultan of the Holy War—the greatest honour of Islam.]
[Footnote 96: Arab force.]
[Footnote 97: September, 1919.]
[Footnote 98: The irregulars in the service of Spain.]
[Footnote 99: Probably from ten to twelve thousand.]
[Footnote 100: This remark shows the efficiency of Raisuli’s secret
service, for, a fortnight later, Mulai Ali broke with the Spaniards.]
[Footnote 101: It happened in August, 1920.]
[Footnote 102: I think this must refer to the legend that, to gain
heaven, the dead Moslem must walk across a bridge of red-hot iron, but
all his good deeds come and make themselves into a carpet to protect his
feet.]
[Footnote 103: Among the Riffs.]
[Footnote 104: May, 1921.]
[Footnote 105: Two Hassani piastres are equivalent to a Spanish one.]
[Footnote 106: Raisuli.]
[Footnote 107: Mulai Ali is about twenty-eight.]
[Footnote 108: September, 1921.]
[Footnote 109: December, 1921.]
[Footnote 110: In April, 1922.]
[Footnote 111: In June 1922.]
[Footnote 112: This conference was on August 6th, 1922.]
[Footnote 113: Kaftan or Caftan—Long gown fastened by a girdle and
having sleeves that reach below the hands.]
[Footnote 114: A mining engineer.]
Transcriber's note:
In title Changed: "KUFARI" to: "KUFARA"
pg vii Changed: "Mohammed el Khabid" to: "Khalid"
pg vii Changed: "the Fondak of Ani Verida" to: "Ain Yerida"
pg vii Changed: "Raisuli’s house—the Zaura—at Tazrut" to: "Zawia"
pg 26 Changed: "my family are geater than the" to: "greater"
pg 35 Changed: "tied up wih some shreds" to: "with"
pg 76, footnote 31 Changed: "Abderrshman ben Sedirs" to:
"Abderrahman ben Sedira"
pg 81 Changed: "nothing in my face, askd me" to: "asked"
pg 92 Changed: "were arranged, Malai Hafid sent" to: "Mulai"
pg 94 Changed: "Beni Gorfet in Gebel Habid" to: "Habib"
pg 173 Changed: "they were allowed to believed" to: "believe"
Illus. facing pg 176 Changed: "Mohammed el Khabid, Raisuli’s" to:
"Khalid"
pg 182 Changed: "also with his his tribesmen" to: "with his tribesmen"
Illus. facing pg 192 Changed: "Fondak of Ani Verida" to: "Ain Yerida"
Illus. facing pg 192 Changed: "Raisuli’s house—the Zaura—at Tazrut"
to: "Zawia"
pg 206 Changed: "thought it costs you so many lives" to: "though"
pg 217 Changed: "Sometimes these mesengers were" to: "messengers"
pg 229 Changed: "and betwen them was" to: "between"
pg 232 Changed: "series of personal ancedotes" to: "anecdotes"
pg 233 Changed: "was a pile of matresses" to: "mattresses"
pg 235 Changed: "Everbody sings while the bride" to: "Everybody"
pg 247 Changed: "columns through Ben Abib" to: "Ayib"
pg 257 Changed: "nor di Sidi Mohamed, for he" to: "did"
pg 291 Changed: "Memabbhe and Badr ed Din" to: "Menebbhe"
pg 294 Changed: "Three colums converged" to: "columns"
pg 294 Changed: "bceause of these birds who" to: "because"
pg 299 Changed: "thought the war was at en end" to: "an end"
pg 308 Changed: "and be became ill and wept" to: "he became"
pg 312 Changed: "they paid no atention" to: "attention"
pg 316 Changed: "The processsion of tribesmen from" to: "procession"
pg 329 Changed: "his place taken by Sajurjo" to: "Sanjurjo"
pg 332 Changed: "Barguete" to: "Burguete"
pg 334 Changed: "one occasian journalists came" to: "occasion"
pg 335 Changed: "Berguete" to: "Burguete"
pg 345 Changed: "Ghasah seized my stirrup" to: "Ghabah"
pg 347, 348, 350 Changed: "Barguete" to: "Burguete", and its index
entry moved down accordingly
pg 348 Changed: "protectd by el Raisuli" to: "protected"
pg 348 Changed: "Corps Dipolmatique" to: "Diplomatique"
pg 350 Changed: "palace at Angeila" to: "Azeila"
pg 350 Changed: "Sajurjo" to: "Sanjurjo"
Some changes in punctuation and quotation mark placement have been
done silently.