THE ARREST, TRIAL, CRUCIFIXION AND BURIAL OF JESUS
_Thursday Night, Friday, and Saturday of Passion Week (Days of Darkness
for the Kingdom of God[a]). Sects. 153-168._
[Footnote a: "Your hour and the power of darkness" (Luke 22:53). Friday,
the Day of Suffering, has become for Christians the Day of the Cross and
of Glory.]
Sect. 153. JESUS IS BETRAYED, ARRESTED AND FORSAKEN
Garden of Gethsemane. Friday, long before dawn
Mark 14:43-52 |Matt. 26:47-56 |Luke 22:47-53 |John 18:2-12
| | |
43 And |47 And while |47 While he | 2 Now Judas
straightway, | he yet spake,| yet spake, | also, which
while he yet | lo, Judas, | behold, a | betrayed him,
spake, cometh| one of the | multitude, | knew the place:
Judas, one | twelve, came,| and he that | for Jesus
the twelve, | and with him | was called | oft-times
and with him | a great | Judas, one of| resorted thither
a multitude | multitude | the twelve, | with his
with swords | with swords | went before | 3 disciples. Judas
and staves, | and staves, | them; | then, having
from the | from the | | received the
chief priests| chief priests| | [3]band _of
and the | and elders of| soldiers_, and officers from the
scribes and | the people. | chief priests and the Pharisees,
the elders. | | cometh thither with lanterns and
| | 4 torches and weapons. Jesus
| | therefore, knowing all the
| | things that were coming upon
| | him, went forth, and saith unto
| | 5 them, Whom seek ye? They
| | answered him, Jesus of Nazareth.
| | Jesus saith unto them, I am
| | _he_. And Judas also, which
| | betrayed him, was standing with
| | 6 them. When therefore he said
| | unto them, I am _he_, they went
| | backward, and fell to the
| | 7 ground. Again therefore he asked
| | them, Whom seek ye? And they
| | 8 said, Jesus of Nazareth. Jesus
| | answered, I told you that I am
| | _he_: if therefore ye seek me,
| | 9 let these go their way: that the
| | word might be fulfilled which he
| | spake, Of those whom thou hast
| | given me I lost not one.
44 Now he that |48 Now he that | |
betrayed him | betrayed him | |
had given | gave them a | |
them a token,| sign, saying,| |
saying, | Whomsoever I | |
Whomsoever I | shall kiss, | |
shall kiss, | that is he: | |
that is he; | take him. | |
take him, and| | |
lead him away| | |
45 safely. And | | |
when he was | | |
come, |49 And | and he drew |
straightway | straightway | near unto |
he came to | he came to | Jesus to |
him, and | Jesus, and |48 kiss him. But|
saith, Rabbi;| said, Hail, | Jesus said |
and | Rabbi; and | unto him, |
[1]kissed | [1]kissed | Judas, |
him. | him. | betrayest |
| | thou the Son |
| | of man with a|
|50 And Jesus |49 kiss? And |
| said unto | when they |
| him, Friend, | that were |
| _do_ that for| about him saw|
| which thou | what would |
| art come. | follow, they |
| Then they | said, Lord, |
46 And they laid| came and laid| shall we |
hands on him,| hands on | smite with |
and took him.| Jesus, and | the sword? |
47 But a certain|51 took him. And|50 And a certain|10 Simon Peter
one of them | behold, one | one of them | therefore
that stood by| of them that | smote the | having a sword
drew his | were with | [2]servant of| drew it, and
sword, and | Jesus | the high | struck the high
smote the | stretched out| priest, and | priest's
[2]servant of| his hand, and| struck off | [2]servant, and
the high | drew his | his right | cut off his
priest, and | sword, and | ear. | right ear. Now
struck off | smote the | | the
his ear. | [2]servant of| | [2]servant's
| the high | | name was
| priest, and | |11 Malchus. Jesus
| struck off |51 But | therefore said
|52 his ear. Then| Jesus | unto Peter, Put
| saith Jesus | answered and | up the sword
| unto him, Put| said, Suffer | into the
| up again thy | ye thus far. | sheath: the cup
| sword into | And he | which the
| its place: | touched his | Father hath
| for all they | ear, and | given me, shall
| that take the| healed him. | I not drink it?
| sword shall | |
| perish with | |12 So the [3]band
|53 the sword. Or| | and the
| thinkest thou| | [4]chief
| that I cannot| | captain, and
| beseech my | | the officers of
| Father, and | | the Jews,
| he shall even| | seized Jesus
| now send me | | and bound him.
| more than | |
| twelve | |
| legions of | |
|54 angels? How | |
| then should | |
| the | |
| scriptures be| |
| fulfilled, | |
| that thus it | |
|55 must be? In |52 And Jesus |
48 And Jesus | that hour | said unto the|
answered and | said Jesus to| chief |
said unto | the | priests, and |
them, Are ye | multitudes, | captains of |
come out, as | Are ye come | the temple, |
against a | out as | and elders, |
robber, with | against a | which were |
swords and | robber with | come against |
staves to | swords and | him, Are ye |
49 seize me? I | staves to | come out, as |
was daily | seize me? I | against a |
with you in | sat daily in | robber, with |
the temple | the temple | swords and |
teaching, and| teaching, and|53 staves? When |
ye took me | ye took be | I was daily |
not: but |56 not. But all | with you in |
_this is | this is come | the temple, |
done_ that | to pass, that| ye stretched |
the | the | not forth |
scriptures | scriptures of| your hands |
might be | the prophets | against me: |
fulfilled. | might be | but this is |
50 And they all | fulfilled. | your hour, |
left him, and| Then all the | and the power|
fled. | disciples | of darkness. |
| left him, and| |
51 And a | fled. | |
certain |
young man |
followed with|
him, having a linen cloth cast about him, over _his_ naked _body_:
52 and they lay hold on him; but he left the linen cloth, and fled
naked.
[Footnote 1: Gr. _kissed him much_.]
[Footnote 2: Gr. _bondservant_.]
[Footnote 3: Or, _cohort_.]
[Footnote 4: Or, _military tribune_. Gr. _chiliarch_.]
Sect. 154. JESUS FIRST[a] EXAMINED BY ANNAS, THE EX-HIGH-PRIEST
_The Jewish Trial and related occurrences, Sects. 154-162._
Friday before dawn
John 18:12-14, 19-23
12 So the [1]band and the [2]chief captain, and the officers of the
13 Jews, seized Jesus and bound him, and led him to Annas first; for
he was father in law to Caiaphas, which was high priest that year.
14 Now Caiaphas was he which gave counsel to the Jews, that it was
expedient that one man should die for the people.
19 The high priest therefore asked Jesus of his disciples, and of
20 his teaching. Jesus answered him, I have spoken openly to the
world; I ever taught in [3]synagogues, and in the temple, where all
21 the Jews come together; and in secret spake I nothing. Why askest
thou me? ask them that have heard _me_, what I spake unto them:
22 behold, these know the things which I said. And when he had said
this, one of the officers standing by struck Jesus [4]with his
23 hand, saying, Answerest thou the high priest so? Jesus answered
him, If I have spoken evil, bear witness of the evil: but if well,
why smitest thou me?
[Footnote 1: Or, _cohort_.]
[Footnote 2: Or, _military tribune_. Gr. _chiliarch_.]
[Footnote 3: Gr. _synagogue_.]
[Footnote 4: Or, _with a rod_.]
[Footnote a: The _Jewish trial_ comprised three stages, the preliminary
examination by Annas (Sect. 154), the informal trial by the Sanhedrin,
probably before dawn, and the formal trial after dawn. With these are
narrated two related matters, the denial by Peter and the suicide of
Judas.]
Sect. 155. JESUS HURRIEDLY TRIED AND CONDEMNED BY CAIAPHAS AND THE
SANHEDRIN, WHO MOCK AND BUFFET HIM
Residence of the High-priest Caiaphas. Before dawn on Friday
Mark 14:53, |Matt. 26:57, |Luke 22:54, |John 18:24
55-65 | 59-68 | 63-65 |
53 And they led|57 And they |54 And they |24 Annas
Jesus away to | that had taken| seized him, | therefore
the high | Jesus led him | and led him | sent him
priest: and | away to _the | _away_, and | bound unto
there come | house of_ | brought him | Caiaphas the
together with | Caiaphas the | into the high | high priest.
him all the | high priest, | priest's |
chief priests | where the | house. |
and the elders| scribes and |
and the | the elders |
scribes. | were gathered together. |
55 Now the chief |59 Now the chief |
priests and the | priests and the |
whole council sought| whole council sought|
witness against | false witness |
Jesus to put him to | against Jesus, that |
death; and found it | they might put him |
56 not. For many bare |60 to death; and they |
false witness | found it not, though|
against him, and | many false witnesses|
their witness agreed| came. But afterward |
57 not together. And | came two, |
there stood up | |
certain, and bare | |
false witness | |
against him, saying,|61 and said, |
58 We heard him say, I | This man said, I am |
will destroy this | able to destroy the |
[1]temple that is | [1]temple of God, |
made with hands, and| and to build it in |
in three days I will| three days [_see |
build another made | John 2:19_]. |
59 without hands. And | |
not even so did | |
their witness agree | |
60 together. And the |62 And the high priest |
high priest stood up| stood up, and said |
in the midst, and | unto him, Answerest |
asked Jesus, saying,| thou nothing? what |
Answerest thou | is it which these |
nothing? what is it | witness against |
which these witness |63 thee? But Jesus held|
61 against thee? But he| his peace. And the |
held his peace, and | high priest said |
answered nothing. | unto him, I adjure |
Again the high | thee by the living |
priest asked him, | God, that thou tell |
and saith unto him, | us whether thou be |
Art thou the Christ,| the Christ, the Son |
the Son of the |64 of God. Jesus saith |
62 Blessed? And Jesus | unto him, Thou hast |
said, I am: and ye | said: nevertheless I|
shall see the Son of| say unto you, |
man sitting at the | Henceforth ye shall |
right hand of power,| see the Son of man |
and coming with the | sitting at the right|
clouds of heaven | hand of power, and |
[_see Ps. 110:1; | coming on the clouds|
63 Dan. 7:13_]. And the|65 of heaven. Then the |
high priest rent his| high priest rent his|
clothes, and saith, | garments, saying, He|
What further need | hath spoken |
have we of | blasphemy: what |
64 witnesses? Ye have | further need have we|
heard the blasphemy | of witnesses? |
[_see Lev. 24:16_]: | behold, now ye have |
what think ye? And | heard the blasphemy:|
they all condemned |66 what think ye? They |63 And the men that
him to be [2]worthy | answered and said, | held [5]_Jesus_
65 of death. And some | He is [2]worthy of | mocked him, and
began to spit on |67 death. Then did they|64 beat him. And they
him, and to cover | spit in his face and| blindfolded him,
his face, and to | buffet him: and some| and asked him,
buffet him, and to | smote him [2]with | saying, Prophesy:
say unto him, | the palms of their | who is he that
Prophesy: and the |68 hands, saying, |65 struck thee? And
officers received | Prophesy unto us, | many other things
him with [4]blows of| thou Christ: who is | spake they against
their hands. | he that struck thee?| him, reviling him.
[Footnote 1: Or, _sanctuary_: as in Matt. 23:35; and chap. 27:5.]
[Footnote 2: Gr. _liable to_.]
[Footnote 3: Or, _with rods_.]
[Footnote 4: Or, _strokes of rods_.]
[Footnote 5: Gr. _him_.]
Sect. 156. PETER THRICE[a] DENIES HIS LORD
COURT OF THE HIGH-PRIEST'S RESIDENCE, DURING THE SERIES OF TRIALS
Friday before and about dawn
Mark 14:54, |Matt. 26:58, |Luke 22:54-62 |John 18:15-18,
66-72 | 69-75 | | 25-27
54 And Peter had|58 But Peter |54 But Peter |15 And Simon
followed him | followed him | followed afar| Peter followed
afar off, | afar off, | off. | Jesus, and _so
| | | did_ another
| | | disciple. Now
| | | that disciple
| | | was known unto
| | | the high
| | | priest, and
| | | entered in with
| | | Jesus into the
| | | court of the
| | | high priest;
| | |16 but Peter was
| | | standing at the
| | | door without.
| | | So the other
| | | disciple, which
even within, | unto the | | was known unto
into the | court of the | | the high
court of the | high priest, | | priest, went
high priest; | and entered | | out and spake
| in, | | unto her that
| | | kept the door,
| | | and brought in
| | |17 Peter. The maid
| | | therefore that
| | | kept the door
| | | saith unto
| | | Peter, Art thou
| | | also _one_ of
| | | this man's
| | | disciples? He
| | | saith, I am
| | |18 not. Now the
| | | [5]servants and
| | | the officers
| | | were standing
| | | _there_, having
and he was | | | made [6]a fire
sitting with | and sat with | | of coals; for
the officers,| the officers,| | it was cold;
and warming | to see the | | and they were
himself in | end. |55 And when they| warming
the light _of| | had kindled a| themselves: and
the fire_. | | fire in the | Peter also was
| | midst of the | with them,
| | court, and | standing and
66 And as Peter |69 Now Peter was| had sat down | warming
was beneath | sitting | together, | himself.
in the court,| without in | Peter sat in |
there cometh | the court: | the midst of |
one of the | and a maid |56 them. And a |
maids of the | came unto | certain maid |
high priest; | him, saying, | seeing him as|25 Now Simon Peter
67 and seeing | | he sat in the| was standing
Peter warming| | light _of the| and warming
himself, she | | fire_, and | himself. They
looked upon | | looking | said therefore
him, and | | stedfastly | unto him, Art
saith, Thou | Thou also | upon him, | thou also _one_
also wast | wast with | said, This | of his
with the | Jesus the | man also was | disciples?
Nazarene, | Galilean. | with him. |
_even_ Jesus.| | |
68 But he | | |
denied, |70 But| |
saying, [1]I | he denied |57 But | He
neither know,| before them | he denied, | denied, and
nor | all, saying, | saying, | said, I am not.
understand | I know not | Woman, I know|
what thou | what thou | him not. |
sayest: and | sayest. | |
he went out | | |
into the | | |
[2]porch; | | |
[3]and the | | |
cock crew. | | |
|71 And | |
| when he was |58 And |
| gone out into| after a |
| the porch, | little while |
| another | another saw |
69 And the maid | _maid_ saw | him, and |
saw him, and | him, and | said, Thou |
began again | saith unto | also art |
to say to | them that | _one_ of |
them that | were there, | them. But |
stood by, | This man also| Peter said, |
This is _one_| was with | Man, I am |
of them. | Jesus the | not. |
|72 Nazarene. And| |
70 But | again he | |
he again | denied with | |
denied it. | an oath, I | |
| know not the |59 And |26 One of the
|73 man. And | after the | [5]servants of
And after a | after a | space of | the high priest,
little while | little while | about one | being a kinsman
again they | they that | hour another | of him whose
that stood by| stood by came| confidently | ear Peter cut
said to | and said to | affirmed, | off, saith, Did
Peter, Of a | Peter, Of a | saying, Of a | not I see thee
truth thou | truth thou | truth this | in the garden
art _one_ of | also art | man also was |27 with him? Peter
them; for | _one_ of | with him: for| therefore
thou art a | them; for thy| he is a | denied again:
Galilean. | speech |60 Galilean. But|
| bewrayeth | Peter said, |
71 But |74 thee. Then | Man, I know |
he began to | began he to | not what thou|
curse, and to| curse and to | sayest. |
swear, I know| swear, I know| |
not this man | not the man. | |
of whom ye | | |
72 speak. And | And | And |
straightway | straightway | immediately, | and straightway
the second | | while he yet | the cock crew.
time the cock| the cock | spake, the |
crew. | crew. | cock crew. |
| |61 And the Lord |
| | turned, and |
| | looked upon |
| | Peter. And |
| | Peter |
And |75 And | remembered |
Peter called | Peter | the word of |
to mind the | remembered | the Lord, how|
word, how | the word | that he said |
that Jesus | which Jesus | unto him, |
said unto | had said, | Before the |
him, Before | Before the | cock crow |
the cock crow| cock crow, | this day, |
twice, thou | thou shalt | thou shalt |
shalt deny me| deny me | deny me |
thrice. | thrice. | thrice. |
[4]And when | And |62 And |
he thought | he went out, | he went out, |
thereon, he | and wept | and wept |
wept. | bitterly. | bitterly. |
[Footnote 1: Or, _I neither know, nor understand: thou, what
sayest thou?_]
[Footnote 2: Gr. _forecourt_.]
[Footnote 3: Many ancient authorities omit _and the cock crew_.]
[Footnote 4: Or, _And he began to weep._]
[Footnote 5: Gr. _bondservants_.]
[Footnote 6: Gr. _a fire of charcoal_.]
[Footnote a: Each of the four Gospels records three denials; but the
details differ considerably, as must always be the case where in each
narrative a few facts are selected out of many sayings and doings. We
have seen (footnote on Sect. 154) that there were _three stages_ of the
Jewish trial, (l) before Annas, (2) before Caiaphas and the Sanhedrin for
informal examination, (3) before them in a formal trial. Now John gives
only the first of the three stages, Luke only the last, Matthew and Mark
give the second stage fully, and the third in brief mention. If Peter's
denials ran through all three (and Luke says in ver. 59 that there was an
hour between his second and third denials), then no one of the four
Gospels could give each of the denials precisely at the time of its
occurrence; and so each Gospel merely throws them together, as in another
way we here bring them together in one section. There is no difficulty
about the substantial fact of the denials; and we must be content with
our inability to arrange all the circumstances into a complete
programme.]
Sect. 157. AFTER DAWN, JESUS IS FORMALLY[a] CONDEMNED BY THE SANHEDRIN
Friday
Mark 15:1 |Matt. 27:1 |Luke 22:66-71
| |
1 And straightway | 1 Now when morning |66 And as soon as
in the morning the | was come, all the | it was day, the
chief priests with | chief priests and | assembly of the
the elders and | the elders of the | elders of the
scribes, and the | people took counsel | people was
whole council, held | against Jesus to put| gathered together,
a consultation, | him to death: | both chief priests
| | and scribes; and
| | they led him away
67 into their council, saying, If thou art the Christ, tell us. But
68 he said unto them, If I tell you, ye will not believe: and if I
69 ask _you_, ye will not answer. But from henceforth shall the Son
of man be seated on the right hand of the power of God [_see Ps.
70 110:1; Dan. 7:13_]. And they all said, Art thou then the Son of
71 God? And he said unto them, [1]Ye say that I am. And they said,
What further need have we of witness? for we ourselves have heard
from his own mouth.
[Footnote 1: Or, _Ye say_ it, _because I am._]
[Footnote a: This ratification of the condemnation after dawn was an
effort to make the action legal. But no ratification of a wrong can make
it right. Some modern Jewish writers admit the illegalities and argue the
unhistorical character of the narrative. But the hate of the Sanhedrin
for Jesus made them violate their own rules of legal procedure. See my
book, _The Pharisees and Jesus_.]
Sect. 158. REMORSE AND SUICIDE OF JUDAS THE BETRAYER
IN THE TEMPLE AND IN A PLACE WITHOUT THE WALLS OF JERUSALEM
Friday morning
Matt. 27:3-10 |Acts 1:18, 19
|
3 Then Judas, which betrayed |18 (Now this man obtained a
him, when he saw that he was | field with the reward of his
condemned, repented himself, | iniquity; and falling headlong,
and brought back the thirty | he burst asunder in the midst,
pieces of silver to the chief | and all his bowels gushed out.
4 priests and elders, saying, I |19 And it became known to all the
have sinned in that I betrayed | dwellers at Jerusalem; insomuch
[1]innocent blood. But they | that in their language that
said, What is that to us? see | field was called Akeldama, that
5 thou _to it_. And he cast down | is, The field of blood.)
the pieces of silver into the |
sanctuary, and departed; and he|
6 went away and hanged himself. And the chief priests took the
pieces of silver, and said, It is not lawful to put them into the
[2]treasury, since it is the price of blood [_see Deut. 23:18_].
7 And they took counsel, and bought with them the potter's field, to
8 bury strangers in. Wherefore that field was called, The field of
9 blood, unto this day. Then was fulfilled that which was spoken
[3]by Jeremiah the prophet, saying, And [4]they took the thirty
pieces of silver, the price of him that was priced, [5]whom
10 _certain_ of the children of Israel did price; and [6]they gave
them for the potter's field, as the Lord appointed me [_see Zech.
11:13; Jer. 18:2; 19:2; 32:6-15_].
[Footnote 1: Many ancient authorities read _righteous_.]
[Footnote 2: Gr. _corbanas_, that is, _sacred treasury_. Comp.
Mark 7:11.]
[Footnote 3: Or, _through_.]
[Footnote 4: Or, _I took_.]
[Footnote 5: Or, _whom they priced on the part of the sons of
Israel_.]
[Footnote 6: Some ancient authorities read _I gave_.]
Sect. 159. JESUS BEFORE PILATE THE FIRST[a] TIME
Jerusalem. Friday, early morning
Mark 15:1-5 |Matt. 27:2, |Luke 23:1-5 |John 18:28-38
| 11-14 | |
1 and bound | 2 and they | 1 And the |28 They lead
Jesus, and | bound him, | whole company| Jesus therefore
carried him | and led him | of them rose | from Caiaphas
away, and | away, and | up, and | into the
delivered him| delivered him| brought him | [2]palace: and
up to Pilate.| up to Pilate | before | it was early;
| the governor.| Pilate. | and they
| | | themselves
| | | entered not
| | | into the
| | | [2]palace, that
| | | they might not
| | | be defiled, but
| | | might eat the
| | | passover.
| | 2 And they |29 Pilate
| | began to | therefore went
| | accuse him, | out unto them,
| | saying, We | and saith, What
| | found this | accusation
| | man | bring ye
| | perverting | against this
| | our nation, |30 man? They
| | and | answered and
| | forbidding to| said unto him,
| | give tribute | If this man
| | to Caesar, | were not an
| | and saying | evil-doer, we
| | that he | should not have
| | himself is | delivered him up
| | [1]Christ a | unto thee.
| | king. |31 Pilate therefore
| | | said unto them,
Take him yourselves, and judge him according to your law. The Jews
said unto him, It is not lawful for us to put any man to death:
32 that the word of Jesus might be fulfilled, which he spake,
signifying by what manner of death he should die.
| | |33 Pilate
|11 Now Jesus | | therefore
| stood before | | entered again
| the governor:| | into the
| and the | | [2]palace, and
2 And Pilate | governor | 3 And Pilate | called Jesus,
asked him, | asked him, | asked him, | and said unto
Art thou the | saying, Art | saying, Art | him, Art thou
King of the | thou the King| thou the King| the King of the
Jews? And he | of the Jews? | of the Jews? |34 Jews? Jesus
answering | And Jesus | And he | answered,
saith unto | said unto | answered him | Sayest thou
him, Thou | him, Thou | and said, | this of
sayest. | sayest. | Thou sayest. | thyself, or did
| | | others tell it
| | | thee concerning
35 me? Pilate answered, Am I a Jew? Thine own nation and the chief
36 priests delivered thee unto me: what hast thou done? Jesus
answered, My kingdom is not of this world: if my kingdom were of
this world, then would my [3]servants fight, that I should not be
delivered to the Jews: but now is my kingdom not from hence.
37 Pilate therefore said unto him, Art thou a king then? Jesus
answered, [4]Thou sayest that I am a king. To this end have I been
born, and to this end am I come into the world, that I should bear
witness unto the truth. Every one that is of the truth heareth my
38 voice. Pilate saith unto him, What is truth? And when he had said
| | | this, he went
| | | out again unto
| | 4 And Pilate | the Jews, and
| | said unto the| saith unto
| | chief priests| them, I find no
| | and the | crime in him.
| | multitudes, I|
| | find no fault|
| | in this man. |
3 And the chief|12 And when he | |
priests | was accused | |
accused him | by the chief | |
of many | priests and | |
4 things. And | elders, he | |
Pilate again | answered | |
asked him, |13 nothing. Then| |
saying, | saith Pilate | |
Answerest | unto him, | |
thou nothing?| Hearest thou | |
behold how | not how many | |
many things | things they | |
they accuse | witness | |
5 thee of. But | against thee?| |
Jesus no more|14 And he gave | |
answered | him no | |
anything; | answer, not | |
insomuch that| even to one | |
Pilate | word: | |
marvelled. | insomuch that| |
| the governor | |
| marvelled | |
| greatly. | |
| | 5 But they were|
| | the more |
| | urgent, |
| | saying, He |
| | stirreth up |
| | the people, |
| | teaching |
| | throughout |
| | all Judea, |
| | and beginning|
| | from Galilee |
| | even unto |
| | this place. |
[Footnote 1: Or, _an anointed king_.]
[Footnote 2: Gr. _Praetorium_.]
[Footnote 3: Or, _officers_: as in verses 3, 12, 18, 22.]
[Footnote 4: Or, _Thou sayest_ it, _because I am a king._]
[Footnote a: The Roman Trial also comprised three stages, (1) the first
appearance before the Roman procurator Pilate (Sect. 159), (2) the
appearance before Herod Antipas, the native ruler of Galilee appointed by
the Romans (Sect. 160), and (3) the final appearance before Pilate (Sect.
161).]
Sect. 160. JESUS BEFORE HEROD ANTIPAS THE TETRARCH
Jerusalem. Friday, early morning
Luke 23:6-12
6 But when Pilate heard it, he asked whether the man were a
7 Galilean. And when he knew that he was of Herod's jurisdiction, he
sent him unto Herod, who himself also was at Jerusalem in these
days.
8 Now when Herod saw Jesus, he was exceeding glad: for he was of a
long time desirous to see him, because he had heard concerning
9 him;[a] and he hoped to see some [1]miracle done by him. And he
10 questioned him in many words; but he answered him nothing. And the
11 chief priests and the scribes stood, vehemently accusing him. And
Herod with his soldiers set him at nought, and mocked him, and
12 arraying him in gorgeous apparel sent him back to Pilate. And
Herod and Pilate became friends with each other that very day: for
before they were at enmity between themselves.
[Footnote 1: Gr. _sign_.]
[Footnote a: See Sect. 71.]
Sect. 161. JESUS THE SECOND TIME BEFORE PILATE
_Pilate slowly and reluctantly and in fear surrenders to the demand of
the Sanhedrin for the crucifixion of Christ._
Friday toward sunrise (John 19:14)
Mark 15:6-15 |Matt. 27:15-26 |Luke 23:13-25 |John 18:39-19:16
| | |
6 Now at |15 Now at | |
[1]the feast | [1]the feast | |
he used to | the governor | |
release unto | was wont to | |
them one | release unto | |
prisoner, | the multitude| |
whom they | one prisoner,| |
asked of him.| whom they | |
7 And there was|16 would. And | |
one called | they had then| |
Barabbas, | a notable | |
_lying_ bound| prisoner, | |
with them | called | |
that had made| Barabbas. | |
insurrection,| | |
men who in | | |
the | | |
insurrection | | |
had committed| | |
8 murder. And | | |
the multitude| | |
went up and | | |
began to ask | | |
him _to do_ | | |
as he was | | |
wont to do | | |
unto them. | | |
| |13 And Pilate |
| | called |
| | together the |
| | chief priests |
| | and the rulers|
| | and the |
| |14 people, and |
| | said unto |
| | them, Ye |
| | brought unto |
| | me this man, |
| | as one that |
| | perverteth the|
| | people: and |
| | behold, I, |
| | having |
| | examined him |
| | before you, |
| | found no fault|
| | in this man |
| | touching those|
| | things whereof|
| | ye accuse him:|
| |15 no, nor yet |
| | Herod: for he |
| | sent him back |
| | unto us; and |
| | behold, |
| | nothing worthy|
| | of death hath |
| | been done by |
|17 When |16 him. I will |
| therefore | therefore |39 But ye have a
| they were | chastise him, | custom, that I
| gathered | and release | should release
| together, | him.[5] | unto you one
9 And Pilate | Pilate said | | at the
answered | unto them, | | passover: will
them, saying,| Whom will ye | | ye therefore
Will ye that | that I | | that I release
I release | release unto | | unto you the
unto you the | you? | | King of the
King of the | Barabbas, or | | Jews?
10 Jews? For he | Jesus which | |
perceived | is called | |
that for envy|18 Christ? For | |
the chief | he knew that | |
priests had | for envy they| |
delivered him| had delivered| |
up. |19 him up. And | |
| while he was | |
| sitting on | |
| the | |
| judgement- | |
| seat, his | |
| wife sent | |
| unto him, | |
| saying, Have | |
| thou nothing | |
| to do with | |
| that | |
| righteous | |
| man: for I | |
| have suffered| |
| many things | |
| this day in a| |
| dream because| |
11 But the chief|20 of him. Now | |
priests | the chief | |
stirred up | priests and | |
the | the elders | |
multitude, | persuaded the| |
that he | multitudes | |
should rather| that they | |
release | should ask | |
Barabbas unto| for Barabbas,| |
them. | and destroy | |
|21 Jesus. But | |
| the governor | |
| answered and | |
| said unto | |
| them, Whether| |
| of the twain | |
| will ye that | |
| I release | |
| unto you? And|18 But they cried|40 They cried out
| they said, | out all | therefore
| Barabbas. | together, | again, saying,
| | saying, Away | Not this man,
| | with this man,| but Barabbas.
| | and release | Now Barabbas
| | unto us | was a robber.
| |19 Barabbas: one |
| | who for a |
| | certain |
| | insurrection |
| | made in the |
| | city, and for |
| | murder, was |
| | cast into |
| | prison. | 1 Then Pilate
| | | therefore took
| | | Jesus, and
2 scourged him. And the soldiers plaited a crown of thorns, and put
3 it on his head, and arrayed him in a purple garment; and they came
unto him, and said, Hail, King of the Jews! and they struck him
4 [6]with their hands. And Pilate went out again, and saith unto
them, Behold, I bring him out to you, that ye may know that I find
| | | no crime in
| | | 5 him. Jesus
| | | therefore came
| | | out, wearing
| | | the crown of
| | | thorns and the
| | | purple
| | | garment. And
12 And Pilate |22 Pilate |20 And Pilate | _Pilate_ saith
again | saith unto | spake unto | unto them,
answered and | them, | them again, | Behold, the
said unto | | desiring to | 6 man! When
them, What | What | release Jesus;| therefore the
then shall I | then shall I |21 but they | chief priests
do unto him | do unto Jesus| shouted, | and the
whom ye call | which is | saying, | officers saw
the King of | called | Crucify, | him, they
13 the Jews? And| Christ? They | crucify him. | cried out,
they cried | all say, |22 And he said | saying,
out again, | Let him be | unto them the | Crucify _him_,
Crucify him. | crucified. | third time, | crucify _him_.
14 And Pilate | | Why, what evil| Pilate saith
said unto |23 And he said, | hath this man | unto them,
them, Why, | Why, what | done? I have | Take him
what evil | evil hath he | found no cause| yourselves,
hath he done?| done? | of death in | and crucify
| | him: I will | him: for I
| | therefore | find no crime
| | chastise him | 7 in him. The
| | and release | Jews answered
But they | But they | him. | him, We have a
cried out | cried out | | law, and by
exceedingly, | exceedingly, | | that law he
Crucify him. | saying, Let | | ought to die,
| him be | | because he
| crucified. | | made himself
| | | the Son of
| | | 8 God. When
9 Pilate therefore heard this saying, he was the more afraid; and he
entered into the [3]palace again, and saith unto Jesus, Whence art
10 thou? But Jesus gave him no answer. Pilate therefore saith unto
him, Speakest thou not unto me? knowest thou not that I have
11 [7]power to release thee, and have [7]power to crucify thee? Jesus
answered him, Thou wouldest have no [7]power against me, except it
were given thee from above: therefore he that delivered me unto
thee hath greater sin.
12 Upon this Pilate sought to release him: but the Jews cried out,
saying, If thou release this man, thou art not Caesar's friend:
every one that maketh himself a king [8]speaketh against Caesar.
13 When Pilate therefore heard these words, he brought Jesus out, and
sat down on the judgement-seat at a place called The Pavement, but
14 in Hebrew, Gabbatha. Now it was the Preparation of the passover:
it was about the sixth hour.[a] And he saith unto the Jews,
| | | Behold, your
| | |15 King! They
| |23 But they were | therefore
| | instant with | cried out,
| | loud voices, | Away with
| | asking that he| _him_, away
| | might be | with _him_,
| | crucified. | crucify him.
| | | Pilate saith
| | | unto them,
| | | Shall I
| | | crucify your
| | | King? The
| | | chief priests
| | | answered, We
| | | have no king
| | | but Caesar.
|24 So when | And their |
| Pilate saw | voices |
| that he | prevailed. |
| prevailed | |
| nothing, but | |
| rather that a| |
| tumult was | |
| arising, he | |
| took water, | |
| and washed | |
| his hands | |
| before the | |
| multitude | |
| [_see Deut. | |
| 21:6-9_], | |
| saying, I am | |
| innocent | |
| [2]of the | |
| blood of this| |
| righteous | |
| man: see ye | |
|25 _to it_. And | |
| all the | |
| people | |
| answered and | |
| said, His | |
| blood _be_ on|24 And Pilate |
| us, and on | gave sentence |
| our | that what they|
| children.[b] | asked for |
15 And Pilate, | | should be |
wishing to | |25 done. And he |
content the | | released him |
multitude, |26 Then released| that for |
released unto| he unto them | insurrection |
them | Barabbas: but| and murder had|
Barabbas, and| Jesus he | been cast into|
delivered | scourged and | prison, whom |16 Then therefore
Jesus, when | delivered to | they asked | he delivered
he had | be crucified.| for; but Jesus| him unto them
scourged him,| | he delivered | to be
to be | | up to their | crucified.
crucified. | | will. |
[Footnote 1: Or, _a feast_.]
[Footnote 2: Some ancient authorities read _of this blood: see ye
etc._]
[Footnote 3: Gr. _Praetorium_. See Mark 15:16.]
[Footnote 4: Or, _palace_.]
[Footnote 5: Many ancient authorities insert ver. 17 _Now he must
needs release unto them at the feast one_ prisoner. Others add the
same words after ver. 19.]
[Footnote 6: Or, _with rods_.]
[Footnote 7: Or, _authority_.]
[Footnote 8: Or, _opposeth Caesar_.]
[Footnote a: It appears that John, who wrote in Asia Minor, long after
the destruction of Jerusalem, makes the day begin at midnight, as the
Greeks and Romans did. We seem compelled so to understand him in 20:19
(comp. Luke 24:29-39); and in no passage of his Gospel is that view
unsuitable. Here then we understand that Pilate passed the sentence about
sunrise, which at the Passover, near the vernal equinox, would be 6
o'clock. The intervening three hours might be occupied in preparations,
and the Crucifixion occurred at 9 o'clock, viz. the third hour as counted
by the Jews (Mark 15:25).]
[Footnote b: Pilate, of course, could not escape full legal and moral
responsibility for his cowardly surrender to the Sanhedrin to keep his
own office. The guilt of the Sanhedrin (both Pharisees and Sadducees
unite in the demand for the blood of Jesus) is beyond dispute. It is
impossible to make a mere political issue out of it and to lay all the
blame on the Sadducees, who feared a revolution. The Pharisees began the
attacks against Jesus on theological and ecclesiastical grounds. The
Sadducees later joined the conspiracy against Christ. Judas was a mere
tool of the Sanhedrin, who had his resentments and grievances to avenge.
There is guilt enough for all the plotters in the greatest wrong of the
ages.]
Sect. 162. THE ROMAN SOLDIERS MOCK[a] JESUS
Friday, between 6 and 9 A.M.
Mark 15:16-19 |Matt. 27:27-30
|
16 And the soldiers led him away|27 Then the soldiers of the
within the court, which is the | governor took Jesus into the
[4]Praetorium; and they call | [1]palace, and gathered unto
17 together the whole [2]band. And|28 him the whole [2]band. And they
they clothe him with purple, | [3]stripped him, and put on him
and plaiting a crown of thorns,|29 a scarlet robe. And they
18 they put it on him; and they | plaited a crown of thorns and
began to salute him, Hail, King| put it upon his head, and a
19 of the Jews! And they smote his| reed in his right hand; and
head with a reed, and did spit | they kneeled down before him,
upon him, and bowing their | and mocked him, saying, Hail,
knees worshipped him. |30 King of the Jews! And they spat
| upon him, and took the reed and
| smote him on the head.
[Footnote 1: Gr. _Praetorium_.]
[Footnote 2: Or, _cohort_.]
[Footnote 3: Some ancient authorities read _clothed him_.]
[Footnote 4: Or, _palace_.]
[Footnote a: The Sanhedrin likewise had mocked Jesus when they had
condemned him to death (Sect. 155).]
Sect. 163. JESUS ON THE WAY TO THE CROSS (_VIA DOLOROSA_) ON GOLGOTHA[a]
Before 9 A.M. Friday
Mark 15:20-23 |Matt. 27:31-34 |Luke 23:26-33 |John 19:16-17
| | |
20 And when they|31 And when they| |16 They took
had mocked | had mocked | | Jesus
him, they | him, they | |17 therefore: and
took off from| took off from| | he went out,
him the | him the robe,| | bearing the
purple, and | and put on | | cross for
put on him | him his | | himself,
his garments.| garments, and| |
And they lead| led him away | |
him out to | to crucify | |
crucify him. | him. | |
21 And they |32 And as they|26 And when |
[2]compel one| came out, | they led him |
passing by, | they found a | away, they |
Simon of | man of | laid hold upon|
Cyrene, | Cyrene, Simon| one Simon of |
coming from | by name: him | Cyrene, coming|
the country, | they | from the |
the father of| [1]compelled | country, and |
Alexander and| to go _with | laid on him |
Rufus, to go | them_, that | the cross, to |
_with them_, | he might bear| bear it after |
that he might| his cross. | Jesus. |
bear his | |27 And there followed him a great
cross. | | multitude of the people, and of
| | women who bewailed and lamented
| |28 him. But Jesus turning unto them
said, Daughters of Jerusalem, weep not for me, but weep for
29 yourselves, and for your children. For behold, the days are
coming, in which they shall say, Blessed are the barren, and the
30 wombs that never bare, and the breasts that never gave suck. Then
shall they begin to say to the mountains, Fall on us; and to the
31 hills, Cover us [_see Hos. 10:8_]. For if they do these things in
the green tree, what shall be done in the dry?
| |32 And there |
| | were also two |
| | others, |
| | malefactors, |
| | led with him |
| | to be put to |
| | death. |
22 And they |33 And when they|33 And when | unto the place
bring him | were come | they came unto| called The
unto the | unto a place | the place | place of a
place | called | which is | skull, which
Golgotha, | Golgotha, | called [3]The | is called in
which is, | that is to | skull, | Hebrew
being | say, The | | Golgotha:
interpreted, | place of a | |
The place of |34 skull, they | |
23 a skull. And | gave him wine| |
they offered | to drink | |
him wine | mingled with | |
mingled with | gall [_see | |
myrrh: but he| Ps. 69:21_]: | |
received it | and when he | |
not. | had tasted | |
| it, he would | |
| not drink. | |
[Footnote 1: Gr. _impressed_.]
[Footnote 2: Gr. _impress_.]
[Footnote 3: According to the Latin, _Calvary_, which has the same
meaning.]
[Footnote a: Golgotha is the Aramaic word for "skull," and Calvary is the
Latin word. The place cannot have been where the so-called "Church of the
Holy Sepulchre" stands, far within the walls. There is of late a rapidly
growing agreement that it was the northern end of the Temple hill, whose
rounded summit (without the city wall), and southern face with holes in
the rock, looks at a little distance much like a skull. This place
fulfils all the conditions.]
Sect. 164. THE FIRST THREE HOURS ON THE CROSS
_From nine A.M. till noon on Friday (three sayings of Jesus; the soldiers
gambling for the garment of Jesus; the inscription on the Cross; the
scoffing of Jesus by the multitude, the Sanhedrin, the soldiers, and even
by the two robbers on each side of Christ)_[a]
Mark 15:24-32 |Matt. 27:35-44 |Luke 23:33-43 |John 19:18-27
| | |
24 And they |35 And when |33 there they |18 where they
crucify him, | they had | crucified | crucified him,
and part his | crucified | him, | and with him
garments | him, they | and the | two others, on
among them, | parted his | malefactors, | either side
casting lots | garments | one on the | one, and Jesus
upon them, | among them, | right hand | in the midst.
what each | casting lots:| and the other|
should take |36 and they sat | on the left. |
[_see Ps. | and watched |34 [4]And Jesus |
22:18_]. | him there. | said, Father,|
| | forgive them;|
| | for they know|
| | not what they|
| | do. |23 The soldiers
| | | therefore, when
| | | they had
| | And | crucified
| | parting his | Jesus, took his
| | garments | garments, and
| | among them, | made four
| | they cast | parts, to every
| | lots. | soldier a part;
| | | and also the
| | | [5]coat: now
| | | the [5]coat was
24 without seam, woven from the top throughout. They said therefore
one to another, Let us not rend it, but cast lots for it, whose it
shall be: that the scripture might be fulfilled, which saith,
They parted my garments among them,
And upon my vesture did they cast lots. [_Ps. 22:18_].
| | | These things
25 And it was | | | therefore the
the third | | | soldiers did.
hour, and |37 And they set |38 And there was|19 And Pilate
they | up over his | also a | wrote a title
crucified | head his | superscription| also, and put
26 him. And the | accusation | over him, | it on the
superscription| written, THIS| THIS IS THE | cross. And
of his | IS JESUS THE | KING OF THE | there was
accusation | KING OF THE | JEWS. | written, JESUS
was written | JEWS. | | OF NAZARETH,
over, THE | | | THE KING OF THE
KING OF THE |38 Then are | |20 JEWS. This
27 JEWS. And | there | | title therefore
with him they| crucified | | read many of
crucify two | with him two | | the Jews:
robbers; one | robbers, one | | [7]for the
on his right | on the right | | place where
hand, and one| hand, and one| | Jesus was
on his | on the left. | | crucified was
left.[3] | | | nigh to the
| | | city: and it
| | | was written in
21 Hebrew, _and_ in Latin, _and_ in Greek. The chief priests of the
Jews therefore said to Pilate, Write not, The King of the Jews;
22 but, that he said, I am King of the Jews. Pilate answered, What I
| | | have written I
| | | have written.
29 And they that|39 And they that|35 And the |
passed by | passed by | people stood |
railed on | railed on | beholding. |
him, wagging | him, wagging | |
their heads | their heads, | |
[_see Ps. |40 and saying, | |
22:7_], and | Thou that | |
saying, Ha! | destroyest | |
thou that | the | |
destroyest | [1]temple, | |
the | and buildest | |
[1]temple, | it in three | |
and buildest | days, save | |
it in three | thyself: if | |
30 days, save | thou art the | |
thyself, and | Son of God, | |
come down | come down | |
from the | from the | |
31 cross. In |41 cross. In | And the |
like manner | like manner | rulers also |
also the | also the | scoffed at |
chief priests| chief priests| him, saying, |
mocking _him_| mocking | He saved |
among | _him_, with | others; let |
themselves | the scribes | him save |
with the | and elders, | himself, if |
scribes said,|42 said, He | this is the |
He saved | saved others;| Christ of |
others; | [2]himself he| God, his |
[2]himself he| cannot save. |36 chosen. And |
cannot save. | He is the | the soldiers |
32 Let the | King of | also mocked |
Christ, the | Israel; let | him, coming |
King of | him now come | to him, |
Israel, now | down from the| offering him |
come down | cross, and we|37 vinegar, and |
from the | will believe | saying, If |
cross, that |43 on him. He | thou art the |
we may see | trusted on | King of the |
and believe. | God [_see Ps.| Jews, save |
| 22:8_]; let | thyself. |
| him deliver | |
| him now, if | |
| he desireth | |
| him: for he | |
| said, I am | |
And they | the Son of |39 And one of the malefactors
that were |44 God. And the | which were hanged railed on him,
crucified | robbers also | saying, Art not thou the Christ?
with him | that were |40 save thyself and us. But the
reproached | crucified | other answered, and rebuking him
him. | with him cast| said, Dost thou not even fear
| upon him the | God, seeing thou art in the same
| same |41 condemnation? And we indeed
| reproach. | justly; for we receive the due
| | reward of our deeds: but this
| |42 man hath done nothing amiss. And
| | he said, Jesus, remember me when
| | thou comest [6]in thy kingdom.
| |43 And he said unto him, Verily I
| | say unto |
| | thee, To-day |
| | shalt thou be|
| | with me in |
| | Paradise. |
| | |25 But there were
| | | standing by the
| | | cross of Jesus
| | | his mother, and
his mother's sister, Mary the _wife_ of Cleopas, and Mary
26 Magdalene. When Jesus therefore saw his mother, and the disciple
standing by, whom he loved, he saith unto his mother, Woman,
27 behold, thy son! Then saith he to the disciple, Behold, thy
mother! And from that hour the disciple took her unto his own
_home_.
[Footnote 1: Or, _sanctuary_.]
[Footnote 2: Or, _can he not save himself?_]
[Footnote 3: Many ancient authorities insert ver. 28 _And the
scripture was fulfilled, which saith, And he was reckoned with
transgressors._ See Luke 22:37.]
[Footnote 4: Some ancient authorities omit _And Jesus said,
Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do._]
[Footnote 5: Or, _tunic_.]
[Footnote 6: Some ancient authorities read _into thy kingdom_.]
[Footnote 7: Or, _for the place of the city where Jesus was
crucified was nigh at hand_.]
[Footnote a: It is not easy to tell the precise order of the events
during this period of three hours, since the Gospels do not present them
in the same detail or order. On the whole it has seemed best simply to
follow Mark's arrangement as we have done uniformly in the Harmony. Thus
the apparent order of the sayings is (1) The Prayer for Christ's enemies
in Luke 23:34. (2) The Promise to the Repentant Robber in Luke 23:43. (3)
The Charge to the Mother of Jesus and to the Beloved Disciple in John
19:26, 27. These three sayings are with reference to others.]
Sect. 165. THE THREE HOURS OF DARKNESS FROM NOON TO THREE P.M.
_(Four More Sayings[a] at the Close of the Darkness and the Death of
Christ.)_
Mark 15:33-37 |Matt. 27:45-50 |Luke 23:44-46 |John 19:28-30
| | |
33 And when |45 Now from |44 And it was |
the sixth | the sixth | now about the|
hour was | hour there | sixth hour, |
come, there | was darkness | and a |
was darkness | over all the | darkness came|
over the | [1]land until| over the |
whole [1]land| the ninth | whole [1]land|
until the |46 hour. And | until the |
ninth hour. | about the | ninth hour, |
34 And at the | ninth hour |45 [4]the sun's |
ninth hour | Jesus cried | light |
Jesus cried | with a loud | failing. |
with a loud | voice, | |
voice, Eloi, | saying, Eli, | |
Eloi, lama | Eli, lama, | |
sabachthani? | sabachthani? | |
which is, | that is, My | |
being | God, my God, | |
interpreted, | [2]why hast | |
My God, my | thou forsaken| |
God, [2]why | me [_see Ps. | |
hast thou | 22:1_]? | |
forsaken me? | | |
35 And some of |47 And some of | |28 After this
them that | them that | | Jesus, knowing
stood by, | stood there, | | that all things
when they | when they | | are now
heard it, | heard it, | | finished, that
said, Behold,| said, This | | the scripture
he calleth | man calleth | | might be
36 Elijah. And |48 Elijah. And | | accomplished,
one ran, and | straightway | | saith, I
filling a | one of them | |29 thirst. There
sponge full | ran, and took| | was set there a
of vinegar, | a sponge, and| | vessel full of
put it on a | filled it | | vinegar: so
reed, and | with vinegar,| | they put a
gave him to | and put it on| | sponge full of
drink, | a reed, and | | the vinegar upon
saying, Let | gave him to | | hysop, and
be; let us |49 drink. And | | brought it to
see whether | the rest | | his mouth [_see
Elijah cometh| said, Let be;| | Ps. 69:21_].
to take him | let us see | |30 When Jesus
down. | whether | | therefore had
| Elijah cometh| | received the
| to save | | vinegar,
|50 him.[3] And | |
37 And Jesus | Jesus cried |46 [5]And when |
uttered a | again with a | Jesus had |
loud voice, | loud voice, | cried with a |
| | loud voice, |
| | he said, | he said, It is
| | | finished:
| | Father, into |
| | thy hands I |
| | commend my |
| | spirit [_see |
| | Ps. 31:5_]: |
| | and having | and he bowed
| and | said this, he| his head, and
and gave up | yielded up | gave up the | gave up his
the ghost. | his spirit. | ghost. | spirit.
[Footnote 1: Or, _earth_.]
[Footnote 2: Or, _why didst thou forsake me?_]
[Footnote 3: Many ancient authorities add _And another took a
spear and pierced his side, and there came out water and blood._
See John 19:34.]
[Footnote 4: Gr. _the sun failing_.]
[Footnote 5: Or, _And Jesus, crying with a loud voice, said_.]
[Footnote a: The probable order of these four sayings coming just before
the death of Jesus is (1) The Cry of Desolation, Mark 15:34 = Matt.
27:46. (2) The Cry of Physical Anguish, John 19:28. (3) The Cry of
Victory, John 19:30. (4) The Cry of Resignation, Luke 23:46. These four
sayings of Jesus are with reference to himself.]
Sect. 166. THE PHENOMENA ACCOMPANYING THE DEATH OF CHRIST
Mark 15:38-41 |Matt. 27:51-56 |Luke 23:45, 47-49
| |
38 And the veil of |51 And behold, the |45 And the veil of
the [2]temple was | veil of the | the [2]temple was
rent in twain from | [2]temple was rent | rent in the midst.
the top to the | in twain from the |
bottom. | top to the bottom; |
| and the earth did |
| quake; and the rocks|
|52 were rent; and the |
| tombs were opened; |
| and many bodies of |
| the saints that had |
| fallen asleep were |
|53 raised; and coming |
| forth out of the |
| tombs after his |
| resurrection they |
| entered into the |
| holy city and |
| appeared unto many. |
39 And when the |54 Now the centurion, |47 And when the
centurion, which | and they that were | centurion saw what
stood by over | with him watching | was done, he
against him, saw | Jesus, when they saw| glorified God,
that he [1]so gave | the earthquake, and | saying, Certainly
up the ghost, he | the things that were| this was a
said, | done, feared |48 righteous man. And
| exceedingly, saying,| all the multitudes
Truly this man| Truly this was | that came together
was [3]the Son of | [3]the Son of God. | to this sight,
40 God. And there were |55 And many women were | when they beheld
also women beholding| there beholding from| the things that
from afar: among | afar, which had | were done,
| followed Jesus from | returned smiting
| Galilee, ministering|49 their breasts. And
whom _were_ both |56 unto him: among whom| all his
Mary Magdalene, and | was Mary Magdalene, | acquaintance, and
Mary the mother of | Mary the mother of | the women that
James the [4]less | James and Joses, and| followed with him
and of Joses, and | the mother of the | from Galilee,
41 Salome; who, when he| sons of Zebedee. | stood afar off,
was in Galilee, | | seeing these
followed him, and | | things.
ministered unto him;| |
and many other women| |
which came up with | |
him unto Jerusalem. | |
[Footnote 1: Many ancient authorities read _so cried out, and gave
up the ghost_.]
[Footnote 2: Or, _sanctuary_.]
[Footnote 3: Or, _a son of God_.]
[Footnote 4: Gr. _little_.]
Sect. 167. THE BURIAL OF THE BODY OF JESUS IN THE TOMB OF JOSEPH OF
ARIMATHEA AFTER PROOF OF HIS DEATH
Friday afternoon before 6 P.M.
Mark 15:42-46 |Matt. 27:57-60 |Luke 23:50-54 |John 19:31-42
| | |
| | |31 The Jews
| | | therefore,
because it was the Preparation, that the bodies should not remain
on the cross upon the sabbath (for the day of that sabbath was a
high _day_), asked of Pilate that their legs might be broken, and
32 _that_ they might be taken away. The soldiers therefore came, and
brake the legs of the first, and of the other which was crucified
33 with him: but when they came to Jesus, and saw that he was dead
34 already, they brake not his legs: howbeit one of the soldiers with
a spear pierced his side, and straightway there came out blood and
35 water. And he that hath seen hath borne witness, and his witness
is true: and he knoweth that he saith true, that ye also may
36 believe. For these things came to pass, that the scripture might
be fulfilled [_see Ex. 12:46; Num. 9:12; Ps. 34:20_], A bone of
37 him shall not be [3]broken. And again another scripture saith
[_see Zech. 12:10. Deut. 21:22-23; Ex. 34:24_], They shall look on
| | | him whom they
| | | pierced.
42 And when |57 And when | |
even was now | even was | |
come, because| come, | |
it was the | | |
Preparation, | | |
that is, the | | |
day before | | |
the sabbath, | |50 And behold,|38 And after
43 there came | there came a | a man named | these things
Joseph of | rich man from| Joseph, who | Joseph of
Arimathaea, a| Arimathaea, | was a | Arimathaea,
councillor of| named Joseph,| councillor, a|
honourable | | good man and |
estate, | | a righteous |
| |51 (he had not |
| | consented to |
| | their counsel|
| | and deed), _a|
| | man_ of |
| | Arimathaea, a|
| | city of the |
who also | who also | Jews, who was| being a
himself was | himself was | looking for | disciple of
looking for | Jesus' | the kingdom | Jesus, but
the kingdom | disciple: |52 of God: this | secretly for
of God; and |58 this man went| man went to | fear of the
he boldly | to Pilate, | Pilate, and | Jews, asked of
went in unto | and asked for| asked for the| Pilate that he
Pilate, and | the body of | body of | might take away
asked for the| Jesus. | Jesus. | the body of
body of | | | Jesus: and
44 Jesus. And | | |
Pilate | | |
marvelled if | | |
he were | | |
already dead:| | |
and calling | | |
unto him the | | |
centurion, he| | |
asked him | | |
whether he | | |
[1]had been | | |
any while | | |
45 dead. And | | |
when he | | |
learned it of| | |
the | | |
centurion, he| Then Pilate | | Pilate gave
granted the | commanded it | | _him_ leave. He
corpse to | to be given | | came therefore,
Joseph. | up. | | and took away
| | |39 his body. And
| | | there came also
| | | Nicodemus, he
| | | who at the
| | | first came to
| | | him by night,
| | | bringing a
| | | [4]mixture of
| | | myrrh and
| | | aloes, about a
| | | hundred pound
46 And he bought|59 And Joseph |53 And he took |40 _weight_. So
a linen | took the | it down, and | they took the
cloth, and | body, and | wrapped it in| body of Jesus,
taking him | wrapped it in| a linen | and bound it in
down, wound | a clean linen| cloth, | linen cloths
him in the | cloth, | | with the
linen cloth, | | | spices, as the
| | | custom of the
| | | Jews is to
| | |41 bury. Now in
| | | the place where
| | | he was
| | | crucified there
| | | was a garden;
| | | and in the
and laid him |60 and laid it | and laid him | garden a new
in a tomb | in his own | in a tomb | tomb wherein
which had | new tomb, | that was hewn| was never man
been hewn out| which he had | in stone, | yet laid [_see
of a rock; | hewn out in | where never | Deut.
and he rolled| the rock: and| man had yet | 21:22-23_].
a stone | he rolled a |54 lain. And it |42 There then
against the | great stone | was the day | because of the
door of the | to the door | of the | Jews'
tomb. | of the tomb, | Preparation, | Preparation
| and departed.| and the | (for the tomb
| | sabbath | was nigh at
| | [2]drew on. | hand) they laid
| | | Jesus.
[Footnote 1: Many ancient authorities read _were already dead_.]
[Footnote 2: Gr. _began to dawn_.]
[Footnote 3: Or, _crushed_.]
[Footnote 4: Some ancient authorities read _roll_.]
Sect. 168. THE WATCH OF THE WOMEN BY THE TOMB OF JESUS
_The women maintain their watch and rest on the Sabbath (beginning 6
P.M.) while the Pharisees have a guard of Roman soldiers to keep watch
over the Roman seal on the tomb._
Friday afternoon till Saturday afternoon
Mark 15:47 |Matt. 27:61-66 |Luke 23:55-56
| |
47 And Mary Magdalene |61 And Mary Magdalene |55 And the women,
and Mary the | was there, and the | which had come
_mother_ of Joses | other Mary, sitting | with him out of
beheld where he was | over against the | Galilee, followed
laid. | sepulchre. | after, and beheld
| | the tomb, and how
| | his body was laid.
| |56 And they returned,
| | and prepared
| | spices and
| | ointments.
| | And on the
| | sabbath[a] they
| | rested according
| | to the commandment
|62 Now on the morrow,| [_see Ex. 12:16;
| which is _the day_ | 20:8-11; Deut.
| after the | 5:12-15_].
| Preparation, the |
| chief priests and |
63 the Pharisees were gathered together unto Pilate, saying, Sir, we
remember that that deceiver said, while he was yet alive, After
64 three days I rise again. Command therefore that the sepulchre be
made sure until the third day, lest haply his disciples come and
steal him away, and say unto the people, He is risen from the
65 dead: and the last error will be worse than the first. Pilate said
unto them, [1]Ye have a guard: go your way, [2]make it _as_ sure
66 as ye can. So they went, and made the sepulchre sure, sealing the
stone, the guard being with them.
[Footnote 1: Or, _Take a guard_.]
[Footnote 2: Gr. _make it sure, as ye know_.]
[Footnote a: Luke (23:54) notes that "the Sabbath drew on" after the
burial on Friday afternoon. The Sabbath began at 6 P.M. Then Luke notes
that the women rested during the Sabbath (our Friday night and
Saturday).]