dead. Those, for instance, carved in the slate at a steep incline of
the cliffs near New Quay in Cornwall, and others in the perpendicular
face of the rock also in the same place cannot be so interpreted,
but their character is not that altogether of the cup-markings found
elsewhere. The hollows are often numerous, and are irregularly
distributed. Sometimes they have a channel surrounding a group. That
they had some well-understood meaning to the people of the neolithic
age who graved them in the rock cannot be doubted. It is said that in
places grease and oil are still put into them by the ignorant peasantry
as oblation; and this leads to the conclusion that, when first graven,
they were intended as receptacles for offerings.
One day, in a graveyard in the west of England, I came on an old
stone basin, locally termed a “Lord’s measure,” an ancient holy-water
vessel,[52] standing under the headstone, above a mound that covered
the dust of someone who had been dearly loved. The little basin was
full of water, and in the water were flowers.
[Illustration: _Fig. 60._--A “LORD’S MEASURE,” CORNWALL.]
As I stood musing over this grave, it was not wonderful that my mind
should travel back through vast ages, and follow man in his various
moods, influenced in his treatment of the dead by various doctrines
relative to the condition of the soul.
Here was the cup for holy water, itself a possible descendant of the
food-vessel for the dead. And now it is used, not to furnish the dead
with drink and meat, but with flowers. And it seemed to me that man
was the same in all ages, through all civilisations, and that his acts
are governed much more by custom than by reason. Is it not quite as
irrational to put flowers on a grave as to put on it cake or ale? Does
the soul live in the green mound with the bones? Does it come out to
smell and admire the roses and lilies and picotees? The putting flowers
on the grave is a matter of sentiment. Quite so--and in a certain phase
of man’s growth in culture the food-vessel was cut in stone as a mere
matter of sentiment, even when no food was put in it.
There are many of the customs of daily life which deserve to be
considered, and which are to us full of interest, or ought to be so,
for they tell us such a wondrous story. If I have in this little volume
given a few instances, it is with the object of directing attention
to the survivals of usage which had its origin in ideas long ago
abandoned, and to show how much there is still to be learned from that
proper study of mankind--Man.
Archæology is considered a dry pursuit, but it ceases to be dry when
we find that it does not belong solely to what is dead and passed, but
that it furnishes us with the interpretation of much that is still
living and is not understood.
XIII.
Raising the Hat.
It is really remarkable how many customs are allowed to pass without
the idea occurring as to what is their meaning. There is, for instance,
no more common usage of everyday life than that of salutation by
raising the hat, or touching the cap, and yet, not one person in ten
thousand stops to inquire what it all means--why this little action of
the hand should be accepted as a token of respect.
Raising the hat is an intermediate form; the putting up the finger to
the cap is the curtailed idea of the primitive act of homage, reduced
to its most meagre expression.
There is an amusing passage in Sir Francis Head’s “Bubbles from the
Brunnen of Nassau” on hat-lifting:
“At nearly a league from Langen-Schwalbach, I walked up to a little
boy who was flying a kite on the top of a hill, in the middle of a
field of oat-stubble. I said not a word to the child--scarcely looked
at him; but as soon as I got close to him, the little village clod,
who had never breathed anything thicker than his own mountain air,
actually almost lost string, kite, and all, in an effort, quite
irresistible, which he made to bow to me, and take off his hat. Again,
in the middle of the forest, I saw the other day three labouring boys
laughing together, each of their mouths being, if possible, wider open
than the others; however, as they separated, off went their caps, and
they really took leave of each other in the very same sort of manner
with which I yesterday saw the Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg return a bow
to a common postillion.” Then Sir Francis Head goes on to moralise on
courtesy, but never for a moment glances at the very curious question,
“What is the meaning of this act? What was the original signification
of this which is now a piece of formal expression of mutual respect?”
The raising the hat is in act similar to the subscription to a letter,
“your humble servant,” the recognition of being in subjection to the
person saluted.
To wear a hat, a covering to the head, was a symbol of authority and
power. The crown is merely the head-cover originally worn by the
sovereign alone. Afterwards to cover the head signified the possession
of freedom, and the slave was bare-headed. When, among the Romans, a
slave was manumitted, that slave, as badge of his being thenceforth
a free man, assumed the Phrygian cap. On numerous monuments, Roman
masters exhibited their munificence to their slaves by engraving caps
of liberty, each cap signifying a slave who had been set free.
This is the meaning of the Cap of Liberty. On the murder of Caligula,
the mob hoisted Phrygian caps on poles, and ran about with them
shouting that they were no longer slaves. The death of the tyrant
released them from a servile position.
In mediæval Germany, the giving of a hat was a symbolic act, conveying
with it feudal tenure. He who received the hat put his hand into it,
as a sign that he grasped all those rights which sprang out of the
authority conveyed to him by the presentation of the hat. The Pope,
when creating a Cardinal, sends him a scarlet hat. The wearing the hat
was allowed only to nobles and freemen--no serf might assume one. Among
the Goths, the priests as well as the nobles wore the head covered.
When Gessler set a hat on a pole, it was a token that he was exercising
sovereign authority. The elevation of a hat on a pole was also a
summons of vassals to war, like the raising of a royal standard. In a
French Court of Justice, the judges alone wear their heads covered,
in token that they are in exercise of authority there. So in our own
universities, the tutor or lecturer wears his square cap. So in the
cathedral, a bishop was wont to have his head covered with the mitre;
and in a parish church, the pastor wore a biretta. We take off our hats
when entering church to testify our homage and allegiance to God; and
so in old Catholic ritual, the priest and bishop removed their headgear
at times, in token that they received their offices from God.
It roused the Romans to anger because the fillet of royalty was offered
to Julius Cæsar. This was the merest shred of symbol--yet it meant that
he alone had a right to wear a cover on his head; in other words, that
all save he were vassals and serfs. That presentation by Mark Antony
brought discontent to a head, and provoked the assassination of Cæsar.
Odin, the chief god of Norse mythology, is called Hekluberand, the
Hood-bearer; he alone has his head covered. As god of the skies
this no doubt refers to the cloud-covering, but it implies also his
sovereignty. So Heckla is not only the covered mountain, but the king
or chief of the mountains of Iceland.
We can now see exactly what is the meaning of doffing the cap. It
implies that the person uncovering his head acknowledges himself to be
the serf of the person before whom he uncovers, or at all events as his
feudal inferior. How completely this is forgotten may be judged in any
walk abroad we take--when we uncover to an ordinary acquaintance--or we
can see it in the Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg removing his hat to the
postillion. The curtsey, now almost abandoned, is the bowing of the
knee in worship; so is the ordinary bend of the body; even the nod of
the head is a symbolic recognition of inferiority in the social scale
to the person saluted.
The head is the noblest part of man, and when he lifts his hat that
covers it, he implies, or rather did imply at one time, that his head
was at the disposal of the person to whom he showed this homage.
There is a curious story in an Icelandic saga of the eleventh century
in illustration of this. A certain Thorstein the Fair had killed
Thorgils, son of an old bonder in Iceland, named also Thorstein, but
surnamed “The White,” who was blind. The rule in Iceland was--a life
for a life, unless the nearest relative of the fallen man chose to
accept blood-money. Five years after the death of Thorgils, Thorstein
the Fair came to Iceland and went at once to the house of his namesake,
White Thorstein, and offered to pay blood-money for the death of
Thorgils, as much as the old man thought just. “No,” answered the blind
bonder, “I will not bear my son in my purse.” Thereupon, Fair Thorstein
went to the old man and laid his head on his knees, in token that he
offered him his life. White Thorstein said, “I will not have your head
cut off at the neck. Moreover, it seems to me that the ears are best
where they grow. But this I adjudge--that you come here, into my house,
with all your possessions, and live with me in the place of my son whom
you slew.” And this Fair Thorstein did.
At a period when no deeds were executed in parchment, symbolic acts
were gone through, which had the efficacy of a legal deed in the
present day.
When Harald Haarfager undertook to subdue the petty kings of Norway,
one of these kings, Hrollaug, seeing that he had not the power to
withstand Harald, “went to the top of the mound on which the kings were
wont to sit, and he had his throne set up thereon and seated himself
upon it. Then he had a number of feather beds laid on a bench below,
on which the earls were wont to be seated, and he threw himself down
from the throne, and rolled on to the earls’ bench, thus giving himself
out to have taken on him the title and position of an earl.”[53] And
King Harald accepted this act as a formal renunciation of his royal
title. Every head covering was a badge of nobility, from the Crown to
the Cap of Maintenance, through all degrees of coronet. In 1215, Hugh,
Bishop of Liège, attended the synod in the Lateran, and first he took
his place on the bench wearing a mantle and tunic of scarlet, and a
green cap to show he was a count, then he assumed a cap with lappets
(?) _manicata_, to show he was a duke, and lastly put on his mitre and
other insignia as a bishop. When Pope Julius II. conferred on Henry
VIII. the title of “Defender of the Faith,” he sent him as symbols of
authority a sword and a cap of crimson velvet turned up with ermine.
It is probable that originally to uncover the head signified that he
who bared his head acknowledged the power and authority of him whom he
saluted to deal with his head as he chose. Then it came to signify, in
the second place, recognition of feudal superiority. Lastly, it became
a simple act of courtesy shown to anyone.
In the same way every man in France is now Monsieur, _i.e._, my feudal
lord; and every man in Germany Mein Herr; and every man in England
Mr., _i.e._, Master. The titles date from feudal times, and originally
implied feudal subjection. It does so no longer. So also the title of
Esquire implies a right to bear arms. The Squire in the parish was the
only man in it who had his shield and crest. The Laird in a Scottish
country place is the Lord, the man to whom all looked for their bread.
So words and usages change their meaning, and yet are retained by
habit, ages after their signification is lost.
THE END.
A LIST OF NEW BOOKS
AND ANNOUNCEMENTS OF
METHUEN AND COMPANY
PUBLISHERS: LONDON
18 BURY STREET
W.C.
CONTENTS
PAGE
FORTHCOMING BOOKS, 2
POETRY, 6
HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY, 7
GENERAL LITERATURE, 8
WORKS BY S. BARING GOULD, 9
FICTION, 10
NOVEL SERIES, 11
BOOKS FOR BOYS AND GIRLS, 12
ENGLISH LEADERS OF RELIGION, 13
UNIVERSITY EXTENSION SERIES, 14
SOCIAL QUESTIONS OF TO-DAY, 15
OCTOBER 1892
OCTOBER 1892.
MESSRS. METHUEN’S
AUTUMN ANNOUNCEMENTS
GENERAL LITERATURE
~Rudyard Kipling.~ BARRACK-ROOM BALLADS; And Other Verses. By RUDYARD
KIPLING. _Extra Post 8vo, pp. 208. Laid paper, rough edges, buckram,
gilt top._ 6_s._
A special Presentation Edition, _bound in white buckram, with extra
gilt ornament._ 7_s._ 6_d._
_The First Edition was sold on publication, and two further large
Editions have been exhausted. The Fourth Edition is Now Ready._
~Gladstone.~ THE SPEECHES AND PUBLIC ADDRESSES OF THE RT. HON. W. E.
GLADSTONE, M.P. With Notes. Edited by A. W. HUTTON, M.A. (Librarian of
the Gladstone Library), and H. J. COHEN, M.A. With Portraits. 8_vo._
_Vol. IX._ 12_s._ 6_d._
MESSRS. METHUEN beg to announce that they are about to issue,
in ten volumes 8vo, an authorised collection of Mr. Gladstone’s
Speeches, the work being undertaken with his sanction and under his
superintendence. Notes and Introductions will be added.
_In view of the interest in the Home Rule Question, it is proposed
to issue Vols. IX. and X., which will include the speeches of the
last seven or eight years, immediately, and then to proceed with
the earlier volumes. Volume X. is already published._
~Collingwood.~ JOHN RUSKIN: His Life and Work. By W. G. COLLINGWOOD,
M.A., late Scholar of University College, Oxford, Author of the ‘Art
Teaching of John Ruskin,’ Editor of Mr. Ruskin’s Poems. 2 _vols._
8_vo._ 32_s._
Also a limited edition on hand-made paper, with the Illustrations on
India paper. £3, 3_s._ _net_.
Also a small edition on Japanese paper. £5, 5_s._ _net_.
This important work is written by Mr. Collingwood, who has been
for some years Mr. Ruskin’s private secretary, and who has had
unique advantages in obtaining materials for this book from Mr.
Ruskin himself and from his friends. It will contain a large amount
of new matter, and of letters which have never been published,
and will be, in fact, as near as is possible at present, a full
and authoritative biography of Mr. Ruskin. The book will contain
numerous portraits of Mr. Ruskin, including a coloured one
from a water-colour portrait by himself, and also 13 sketches,
never before published, by Mr. Ruskin and Mr. Arthur Severn. A
bibliography will be added.
~Baring Gould.~ THE TRAGEDY OF THE CAESARS: The Emperors of the Julian
and Claudian Lines. With numerous Illustrations from Busts, Gems,
Cameos, etc. By S. BARING GOULD, Author of ‘Mehalah,’ etc. 2 _vols._
_Royal_ 8_vo_. 30_s._
This book is the only one in English which deals with the personal
history of the Caesars, and Mr. Baring Gould has found a subject
which, for picturesque detail and sombre interest, is not rivalled
by any work of fiction. The volumes are copiously illustrated.
~Baring Gould.~ SURVIVALS AND SUPERSTITIONS. With Illustrations. By S.
BARING GOULD. _Crown_ 8_vo._ 7_s._ 6_d._
A book on such subjects as Foundations, Gables, Holes, Gallows,
Raising the Hat, Old Ballads, etc. etc. It traces in a most
interesting manner their origin and history.
~Perrens.~ THE HISTORY OF FLORENCE FROM THE TIME OF THE MEDICIS TO THE
FALL OF THE REPUBLIC. By F. T. PERRENS. Translated by HANNAH LYNCH. In
three volumes. Vol. I. 8_vo._ 12_s._ 6_d._
This is a translation from the French of the best history of
Florence in existence. This volume covers a period of profound
interest--political and literary--and is written with great
vivacity.
~Henley & Whibley.~ A BOOK OF ENGLISH PROSE. Collected by W. E. HENLEY
and CHARLES WHIBLEY. _Crown_ 8_vo._ 6_s._
Also small limited editions on Dutch and Japanese paper. 21_s._ and
42_s._
A companion book to Mr. Henley’s well-known _Lyra Heroica_.
“~Q.~” GREEN BAYS: A Book of Verses. By “Q.,” Author of ‘Dead Man’s
Rock’ &c. _Fcap._ 8_vo._ 3_s._ 6_d._
Also a limited edition on large Dutch paper.
A small volume of Oxford Verses by the well-known author of ‘I Saw
Three Ships’, etc.
~Wells.~ OXFORD AND OXFORD LIFE. By Members of the University. Edited
by J. WELLS, M.A., Fellow and Tutor of Wadham College. _Crown_ 8_vo._
3_s._ 6_d._
This work will be of great interest and value to all who are in
any way connected with the University. It will contain an account
of life at Oxford--intellectual, social, and religious--a careful
estimate of necessary expenses, a review of recent changes, a
statement of the present position of the University, and chapters
on Women’s Education, aids to study, and University Extension.
~Driver.~ SERMONS ON SUBJECTS CONNECTED WITH THE OLD TESTAMENT. By S.
R. DRIVER, D.D., Canon of Christ Church, Regius Professor of Hebrew in
the University of Oxford. _Crown_ 8_vo._ 6_s._
An important volume of sermons on Old Testament Criticism preached
before the University by the author of ‘An Introduction to the
Literature of the Old Testament.’
~Prior.~ CAMBRIDGE SERMONS. Edited by C. H. PRIOR, M.A., Fellow and
Tutor of Pembroke College. _Crown_ 8_vo._ 6_s._
A volume of sermons preached before the University of Cambridge
by various preachers, including the Archbishop of Canterbury and
Bishop Westcott.
~Kaufmann.~ CHARLES KINGSLEY. By M. KAUFMANN, M.A. _Crown_ 8_vo._ 5_s._
A biography of Kingsley, especially dealing with his achievements
in social reform.
~Lock.~ THE LIFE OF JOHN KEBLE. By WALTER LOCK, M.A., Fellow of
Magdalen College, Oxford. With Portrait. _Crown_ 8_vo._ 5_s._
~Hutton.~ CARDINAL MANNING: A Biography. By A. W. HUTTON, M.A. With
Portrait. New and Cheaper Edition. _Crown_ 8_vo._ 2_s._ 6_d._
* * * * *
~Sells.~ THE MECHANICS OF DAILY LIFE. By V. P. SELLS, M. A.
Illustrated. _Crown_ 8_vo._ 2_s._ 6_d._
~Kimmins.~ THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE AND HEALTH. By C. W. KIMMINS, Downing
College, Cambridge. Illustrated. _Crown_ 8_vo._ 2_s._ 6_d._
~Potter.~ AGRICULTURAL BOTANY. By M. C. POTTER, Lecturer at Newcastle
College of Science. Illustrated. _Crown_ 8_vo._ 2_s._ 6_d._
The above are new volumes of the “University Extension Series.”
* * * * *
~Cox.~ LAND NATIONALISATION. By HAROLD COX, M.A. _Crown_ 8_vo._ 2_s._
6_d._
~Hadfield & Gibbins.~ A SHORTER WORKING DAY. By R. A. HADFIELD and H.
de B. GIBBINS, M.A. _Crown_ 8_vo._ 2_s._ 6_d._
The above are new volumes of “Social Questions of To-day” Series.
FICTION.
~Norris.~ HIS GRACE. By W. E. NORRIS, Author of ‘Mdle. de Mersac,’
‘Marcia,’ etc. _Crown_ 8_vo._ 2 _vols._ 21_s._
~Pryce.~ TIME AND THE WOMAN. By RICHARD PRYCE, Author of ‘Miss
Maxwell’s Affections,’ ‘The Quiet Mrs. Fleming,’ etc. _Crown_ 8_vo._ 2
_vols._ 21_s._
~Parker.~ PIERRE AND HIS PEOPLE. By GILBERT PARKER. _Crown_ 8_vo._
_Buckram._ 6_s._
~Marriott Watson.~ DIOGENES OF LONDON and other Sketches. By H. B.
MARRIOTT WATSON, Author of ‘The Web of the Spider.’ _Crown_ 8_vo._
_Buckram._ 6_s._
~Baring Gould.~ IN THE ROAR OF THE SEA. By S. BARING GOULD, Author of
‘Mehalah,’ ‘Urith,’ etc. Cheaper edition. _Crown_ 8_vo._ 6_s._
~Clark Russell.~ MY DANISH SWEETHEART. By W. CLARK RUSSELL, Author
of ‘The Wreck of the Grosvenor,’ ‘A Marriage at Sea,’ etc. With 6
Illustrations by W. H. OVEREND. _Crown_ 8_vo._ 6_s._
~Mabel Robinson.~ HOVENDEN, V. C. By F. MABEL ROBINSON, Author of
‘Disenchantment,’ etc. Cheaper Edition. _Crown_ 8_vo._ 3_s._ 6_d._
~Meade.~ OUT OF THE FASHION. By L. T. MEADE, Author of ‘A Girl of the
People,’ etc. With 6 Illustrations by W. PAGET. _Crown_ 8_vo._ 6_s._
~Cuthell.~ ONLY A GUARDROOM DOG. By Mrs. CUTHELL. With 16
Illustrations by W. PARKINSON. _Square Crown_ 8_vo._ 6_s._
~Collingwood.~ THE DOCTOR OF THE JULIET. By HARRY COLLINGWOOD, Author
of ‘The Pirate Island,’ etc. Illustrated by GORDON BROWNE. _Crown_
8_vo._ 6_s._
~Bliss.~ A MODERN ROMANCE. By LAURENCE BLISS. _Crown_ 8_vo._
_Buckram._ 3_s._ 6_d._ _Paper._ 2_s._ 6_d._
CHEAPER EDITIONS.
~Baring Gould.~ OLD COUNTRY LIFE. By S. BARING GOULD, Author of
‘Mehalah,’ etc. With 67 Illustrations. _Crown_ 8_vo._ 6_s._
~Clark.~ THE COLLEGES OF OXFORD. Edited by A. CLARK, M.A., Fellow and
Tutor of Lincoln College. 8_vo._ 12_s._ 6_d._
~Russell.~ THE LIFE OF ADMIRAL LORD COLLINGWOOD. By W. CLARK RUSSELL,
Author of ‘The Wreck of the Grosvenor.’ With Illustrations by F.
BRANGWYN. 8_vo._ 10_s._ 6_d._
~Author of ‘Mdle. Mori.’~ THE SECRET OF MADAME DE MONLUC. By the
Author of ‘The Atelier du Lys,’ ‘Mdle. Mori.’ _Crown_ 8_vo._ 3_s._
6_d._
‘An exquisite literary cameo.’--_World._
New and Recent Books.
Poetry
~Rudyard Kipling.~ BARRACK-ROOM BALLADS; And Other Verses. By RUDYARD
KIPLING. _Fourth Edition. Crown_ 8_vo._ 6_s._
‘Mr. Kipling’s verse is strong, vivid, full of character....
Unmistakable genius rings in every line.’--_Times._
‘The disreputable lingo of Cockayne is henceforth justified before
the world; for a man of genius has taken it in hand, and has
shown, beyond all cavilling, that in its way it also is a medium
for literature. You are grateful, and you say to yourself, half in
envy and half in admiration: “Here is a _book_; here, or one is a
Dutchman, is one of the books of the year.”’--_National Observer._
‘“Barrack-Room Ballads” contains some of the best work that Mr.
Kipling has ever done, which is saying a good deal. “Fuzzy-Wuzzy,”
“Gunga Din,” and “Tommy,” are, in our opinion, altogether superior
to anything of the kind that English literature has hitherto
produced.’--_Athenæum._
‘These ballads are as wonderful in their descriptive power as they
are vigorous in their dramatic force. There are few ballads in the
English language more stirring than “The Ballad of East and West,”
worthy to stand by the Border ballads of Scott.’--_Spectator._
‘The ballads teem with imagination, they palpitate with emotion. We
read them with laughter and tears; the metres throb in our pulses,
the cunningly ordered words tingle with life; and if this be not
poetry, what is?’--_Pall Mall Gazette._
~Ibsen.~ BRAND. A Drama by HENRIK IBSEN. Translated by WILLIAM WILSON.
_Crown_ 8_vo._ 5_s._
‘The greatest world-poem of the nineteenth century next to “Faust.”
“Brand” will have an astonishing interest for Englishmen. It is in
the same set with “Agamemnon,” with “Lear,” with the literature
that we now instinctively regard as high and holy.’--_Daily
Chronicle._
~Henley.~ LYRA HEROICA: An Anthology selected from the best English
Verse of the 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th Centuries. By WILLIAM ERNEST
HENLEY, Author of ‘A Book of Verse,’ ‘Views and Reviews,’ etc. _Crown_
8_vo._ _Stamped gilt buckram, gilt top, edges uncut._ 6_s._
‘Mr. Henley has brought to the task of selection an instinct alike
for poetry and for chivalry which seems to us quite wonderfully,
and even unerringly, right.’--_Guardian._
~Tomson.~ A SUMMER NIGHT, AND OTHER POEMS. By GRAHAM R. TOMSON. With
Frontispiece by A. TOMSON. _Fcap._ 8_vo._ 3_s._ 6_d._
Also an edition on handmade paper, limited to 50 copies. _Large crown_
8_vo._ 10_s._ 6_d._ _net._
‘Mrs. Tomson holds perhaps the very highest rank among poetesses of
English birth. This selection will help her reputation.’--_Black
and White._
~Langbridge.~ A CRACKED FIDDLE. Being Selections from the Poems of
FREDERIC LANGBRIDGE. With Portrait. _Crown_ 8_vo._ 5_s._
~Langbridge.~ BALLADS OF THE BRAVE: Poems of Chivalry, Enterprise,
Courage, and Constancy, from the Earliest Times to the Present Day.
Edited, with Notes, by Rev. F. LANGBRIDGE. _Crown_ 8_vo._
Presentation Edition, 3_s._ 6d. School Edition, 2_s._ 6_d._
‘A very happy conception happily carried out. These “Ballads of the
Brave” are intended to suit the real tastes of boys, and will suit
the taste of the great majority.’--_Spectator._
‘The book is full of splendid things.’--_World._
History and Biography
~Gladstone.~ THE SPEECHES AND PUBLIC ADDRESSES OF THE RT. HON. W. E.
GLADSTONE, M.P. With Notes and Introductions. Edited by A. W. HUTTON,
M.A. (Librarian of the Gladstone Library), and H. J. COHEN, M.A. With
Portraits. 8_vo._ _Vol. X._ 12_s._ 6_d._
~Russell.~ THE LIFE OF ADMIRAL LORD COLLINGWOOD. By W. CLARK RUSSELL,
Author of ‘The Wreck of the Grosvenor.’ With Illustrations by F.
BRANGWYN. 8_vo._ 10_s._ 6_d._
‘A really good book.’--_Saturday Review._
‘A most excellent and wholesome book, which we should like to see
in the hands of every boy in the country.’--ST. JAMES’S GAZETTE.
~Clark.~ THE COLLEGES OF OXFORD: Their History and their Traditions.
By Members of the University. Edited by A. CLARK, M.A., Fellow and
Tutor of Lincoln College. 8_vo._ 12_s._ 6_d._
‘Whether the reader approaches the book as a patriotic member of a
college, as an antiquary, or as a student of the organic growth of
college foundation, it will amply reward his attention.’--_Times._
‘A delightful book, learned and lively.’--_Academy._