BELLACOURT
_July 2nd, 1916._ _October 29th, 1916._
We spent one night at Gaudiempré, and on July 3rd, moved a few miles
North to a delightful Camp at Bavincourt, where we made up our minds
to have a well-earned rest. The Camp was charmingly situated, and we
were preparing to have it run on model lines, when alas, in the early
hours of July 4th, sudden orders were received to move. We had,
however, made the best of our few hours there, most of us going to an
excellent entertainment by the "Barn Owls," the Concert Party of the
37th Division, which cheered us immensely.
The fighting on the Somme, which had gone successfully for us in many
parts, was causing rapid reorganisation and consequent movement of
troops, so that our sudden move was not altogether surprising. We left
Bavincourt on the morning of July 4th, and after a little excitement
due to the shelling of the road, and a terrific thunderstorm, we
eventually got settled once more at Pommier, with the exception of A
Company, who went on to Bienvillers. The rest of the Battalion joined
them there on July 7th, except Transport and Quarter-Master's Stores,
which moved to La Cauchie. Our most important work there was the
somewhat ticklish procedure on two nights of carrying up to the Monchy
trenches, about two miles North of Foncquevillers, cylinders of gas to
loose off on a suitable occasion. These were drawn at Hannescamp, and
for carrying were fastened to poles, each cylinder requiring two men.
Special precautions were taken to ensure perfect silence, so as not to
give the enemy an idea that gas was being installed. Further, in order
to protect the carrying party, in case any of the cylinders got broken
by shells or otherwise on the way up, every man wore his smoke helmet
rolled up on his head, ready for instantly pulling down over his face.
Neither steel helmets nor caps were worn on these occasions. As the
cylinders had to be got up to our front line trench, the operation was
attended with considerable risk, but fortune favoured us, and it is
believed that the Battalion never suffered a casualty when engaged on
the work, though large parties had to be found on several occasions
for a similar purpose.
We moved on July 10th, by route march to Bellacourt, a village about
five miles south-west of Arras, and giving its name to a sector which
was to prove easily the most peaceful and enjoyable part of the line
we ever held. Transport moved to Bailleulval, where they got good
lines in a small orchard, and the Quarter-Master's Stores were
comfortably fixed up in billets.
It was from this department that we were first to hear of the
activities of our new Divisional Commander, Major-General W. Thwaites,
R.A., who made it a practice of frequently visiting transport lines at
early morning stables. Torrance with his ready wit at once dubbed him
"The Mushroom Picker," an epithet which we were told gave him much
pleasure when it reached his ears, but did not have the least effect
upon his early morning visits.
Several new Officers had recently joined from our 3rd Line, including
2nd Lieuts. C. F. Woodward, F. M. Corry, H. G. Kirby, B. P. Page, W.
B. Easterfield, and D. H. Parker. Second Lieut. A. Bedford also
rejoined, and others who arrived shortly afterwards were Lieut. R.
Whitton, who had been Adjutant of the 3rd Line, 2nd Lieuts. Skinner
and Moore, back for the second time, and 2nd Lieuts. C. H. Hicks, D.
F. Ranson, L. E. King-Stephens, G. F. Visser, F. D. Byrne, B. W. Hall,
and A. D. Bailey. Comp. Sergt.-Major Haywood rejoined with a draft of
72 reinforcements, and was appointed Comp. Sergt.-Major of C Company,
where Sergt. Leivers had been carrying on for a short time in place of
Comp. Sergt.-Major J. A. Green, who had been invalided to England.
We were thus fairly well off for numbers, when on July 11th, we
relieved the Liverpool Scottish in the left sub-sector of the Brigade
sector, this being one of the rare occasions on which relief was
carried out by daylight. The distribution was as follows: Right--"The
Willows"--A Company (Capt. Vann); Centre "The Osiers"--B Company
(Capt. Turner); Left--"The Ravine"--C Company (Capt. Piggford);
Reserve--Bretencourt--D Company (Capt. Hill). Battalion Headquarters
was in the "Sunken Road," just in front of Bretencourt, off "Engineer
Street." Each Company had two platoons in the front line and two in
support; a system which, besides being more or less in accordance with
Field Service Regulations, worked extremely satisfactorily, for whilst
the front line posts could be held by comparatively few men, either in
the line or at the heads of the various saps running out into No Man's
Land, working parties and patrols were found from the support
platoons, and were thus able to get back to the support line on
completion of their task, and rest in comparative comfort.
The frontage allotted to us was a long one, and the front line was
thinly held, some of the posts being as much as 200 yards apart.
Frequent visiting patrols were necessary during the night to prevent
any daring Boche from getting into our lines. In the communication
trenches, blocking posts and gates were fixed at various points to
hold up the enemy if they did ever get in and attempt to push forward.
To look after the rear portion of these communication trenches the
system of Trench Wardens was instituted during our stay at Bellacourt.
These were usually light duty, or warworn men drawn from the various
Battalions, whose duty it was to repair broken trench grids, relay any
that required it, clear falls of earth, and generally look after
upkeep.
This sector was reputed to be the quietest on the British Front, and
though we had one or two lively times, there is no doubt that for the
period of three-and-a-half months we were there, it lived up to its
reputation. Rumour said that some of our troops had been in the habit
of going out and repairing the barbed wire by daylight! Certainly it
was normally extremely peaceful. The trenches were from 300 to 400
yards apart, and in the region of the Ransart Road on the right, one
could indeed go out for some distance without coming in view of the
Boche trenches. The weather during most of our stay was of the best,
and there could be few things more pleasant than to stroll on a quiet
afternoon round some of the communication trenches, e.g., "Dyke
Street," "Couturelle," and "La Motte," where masses of wild flowers of
every kind and of brilliant colours were in full bloom, and in many
parts completely covered the sides of the trenches. Cooking was
normally done out of the trenches, and hot meals were carried up in
kettles or food containers (something in the nature of large thermos
flasks) by the Reserve Company billeted at Bretencourt.
We had something of a shock during our first tour in the trenches, and
began to suspect the reports as to the quietness of the sector, for on
our second morning the enemy poured over for nearly an hour, between
4.0 a.m. and 5.0 a.m., showers of heavy trench mortars on to part of
the front line held by B Company. Their aim was very good, several
bombs falling right into the trench and doing considerable damage,
whilst Lieut. Lomer's Platoon, which was holding the part bombarded,
had four men killed and nine wounded. One man had to have his foot
amputated by Johnstone, the Medical Officer, in order to be released
from a shelter that had been smashed by the bombs. Sergts. Tanner and
Yeomans did splendid work in rescuing the wounded, as did also Sergt.
Bescoby, Pvte. Axon and other Stretcher Bearers. This, however, turned
out to be the only "hate" of its particular kind that the enemy
inflicted on us during our stay. Possibly it was to let us know that
he was aware of our recent arrival, and wished to give us a welcome,
but most likely it was what we knew as his "Travelling Circus" which
he brought up at certain times in order to carry out an organised
"straff" on a particular piece of the line.
For some time after this, and in fact for most of Our sojourn here,
life in the trenches was of a somewhat humdrum character. There were a
few days cf activity now and then, but normally the enemy was very
inoffensive so far as we were concerned. He did, however, raid the 6th
Battalion one night in the right sub-sector, almost completely
levelling one of their communication trenches with heavy trench
mortars during the preliminary bombardment, on account of which we had
to stand-to, when back at our rest billets at Bailleulval. On another
occasion we had a fidgety night owing to a gas alarm having been
given. This however, proved but another case of "wind."
The work in the trenches was of a normal character, but we welcomed
that new article known as the "A" Frame, consisting as its name
indicates of framing shaped like the letter A. This was the best form
of support for trench revetment that we ever had, and from this time
onwards was used almost universally. A suggestion of this exact form
of framing had been made by Col. Blackwall as early as November 1915.
and submitted to higher authorities, who turned it down as unsuitable.
A further great advance was made by us here in the provision of deep
dug-outs, for which the chalk soil was eminently adapted. Excellent
plans were drawn out by Major Zeller, commanding the Field Company
attached to our Brigade, for complete systems of these dug-outs to be
made in the support line, and a special Brigade Dug-out Company was
formed for this purpose, to which we contributed, besides a number of
men, 2nd Lieuts. Moore and Powell. Great progress was made with the
work, and before we left the sector a large number had been finished,
and fitted up with wire beds on wooden framework in two tiers, with
rifle racks and other etceteras. The organisation of this work was one
of the first tasks of the new Brigade Major, Capt. W. P. Buckley,
D.S.O., of the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry, who had succeeded
Major Neilson, when the latter left to take up a higher appointment.
In Major Neilson we lost one who was always ready to help and advise
on every possible occasion, and though it was with the greatest regret
that we said goodbye to him, it was a great pleasure to know that his
hard work had brought its reward.
At this period after doing six days in the front line, we spent six
days in Brigade Reserve at Bellacourt, where three Companies were in
billets, and usually found large parties for the Royal Engineers for
working in trenches and dug-outs, and one Company provided garrisons
for the four posts in front of the village, "Starfish," "Boundary,"
"Burnt Farm" and "Orchard." After a further six days in the front line
we went back for six days to Bailleulval, where we were able to have
our periodical clean up, do a little training, and generally enjoy
life for a brief space. We relieved always with the 7th Battalion, and
held the left of the Brigade sector, which remained the same as
originally taken over, except that we gave up the "Willows" on the
right and took over "Epsom" on the left.
Our billets at Bailleulval were fairly comfortable, and were
constantly improved, under the guiding hand of Major Wordsworth, the
Staff Captain. We had a splendid parade ground on the high land behind
the village, a good Canteen, a Sergeants' Mess, a Corporals' Mess,
home-made Russian baths erected with much skill by our own Pioneers,
and frequent visits from the "Whizz-bangs," who gave us excellent
programmes. We played cricket, football, both soccer and rugger; we
had Officers' Riding Classes, which were a source of much interest not
to say amusement, to the onlookers, and we got good dinners at the
well-known "Seven Sisters," in the neighbouring village of Basseux.
The weather for the most part was delightful, and life was extremely
pleasant.
Major-General Thwaites twice inspected us, and all who were in the
Battalion during the time he reigned at Division will remember what an
inspection by him entailed! Our best salute proved very inadequate on
the first occasion, and the Commanding Officer was requested, after
putting himself and his horse in front of the centre of the Battalion,
to do it again! Capt. Turner, too, who was acting Second-in-Command,
got a polite enquiry as to what he was doing with his horse! Poor
"Strawberry" was apparently rather upset over the fixing of bayonets!
As a rule, however, we believe our efforts to make a good show did not
pass unnoticed, though a good deal that was uncomplimentary was said.
On his second inspection Lieut.-General Snow, the Corps Commander,
was with him, and appeared to be quite satisfied with the turnout.
Training at this time, so far as the Battalion was concerned,
consisted only of such general work as could be done in the few days
we spent periodically at Bailleulval. The Divisional School, however,
was in full going order, Regimental Sergt.-Major Mounteney doing duty
there for a time, and in addition a Brigade School was formed at
Basseux, to which Major Ashwell went as Commandant and expounded the
art of war to young Subalterns and others, taking with him 2nd Lieut.
Hopkinson as his Adjutant. Whilst Major Ashwell was away, Capt. Turner
took over the duties of Second-in-Command, leaving B Company in the
capable hands of Lieut. G. Wright. At an Assault Competition arranged
by the Brigade School on October 12th, we almost swept the board,
winning five out of eight events--Physical Drill, Bayonet Fighting,
Bombing, Relay Race, and Obstacle Race--so we were well satisfied with
our efforts, and the training work that was being done. By this time
the whole Battalion had been fitted out with the short rifle, the last
of the old long rifles being handed to Ordnance on September 26th.
A new "toy" that was issued in these days was that horrible thing
known as the "Lewis Gun Hand Cart." Tomlinson had some most
entertaining experiences in trying to get mules to pull these
"handcarts," but the mules usually found it more interesting to try
and turn round to see what extraordinary things on wheels they were
now being insulted by being asked to pull, or in going off at
breakneck speeds to try and get rid of them. These carts were never
popular, and never a success, and gradually, by being carefully "left"
by the roadside or some other convenient spots, they were eventually
disposed of.
The most notable event during this period was undoubtedly Vann's raid,
the first really successful raid carried out by the Battalion. This
took place on the night of September 21/22nd, and was carried out by
Capt. Vann, with practically the whole of his (A) Company. In order to
illustrate the thorough manner in which the scheme was devised and
carried out, the story is given in some detail.
[Illustration: LIEUT.-COL. B. W. VANN, V.C., M.C. Killed in action at
Ramicourt, Oct. 3rd, 1918, when in command of the 6th Sherwood
Foresters.]
The point to be raided was a short sap known as "Italy Sap," running
out from the Boche front line about 300 yards away. The wire
protecting the sap was cut during the afternoon of September 21st by
our 2-inch trench mortars, and other gaps were cut on another part of
the front further North, partly as a "blind" and partly for use in a
future operation. In order to verify that the gaps were properly cut,
a wire patrol under L.-Corpl. Hickman went out at 8.0 p.m. and
reported that the gaps were good, and that the ammonal tubes which the
Royal Engineers had in readiness to take out and blow gaps with were
not required. Frequent bursts were fired by our machine guns on to the
gaps to prevent them being repaired by the enemy before the raiding
party got there. At 11.15 p.m., the wire patrol again went out and
laid tapes from the gaps back to "Cavendish Sap" in our own front line
to guide the raiding party across No Man's Land. The party was divided
up into several smaller parties, commanded respectively by Lieut.
Martelli, 2nd Lieuts. Duff, White, and Hall, and Comp. Sergt.-Major G.
Powell. In addition there were two teams of Brigade machine gunners to
guard the flanks, and seven sappers to blow up dug-outs. The total of
the party was five Officers, and 136 other ranks. All identification
marks, badges, letters, etc., had been removed from all members of the
raiding party, and faces, hands and bayonets were blackened. Smoke
helmets were carried in the pocket, and gas and phosphorus bombs
were taken for clearing dug-outs, together with a number of
flashlights and torches. At 12.15 am the enemy trenches in the region
of the area to be raided were bombarded by 18 pounders, 4.5 and 6-inch
howitzers, 2-inch trench mortars, and 3-inch Stokes mortars. The
raiding party guided by the tapes, got as close up to the barrage as
possible, and as soon as it lifted at 12.28 a.m., went through the
gaps and into the enemy trenches. One German who was met was at once
bayoneted. Several dug-outs were bombed, and in some cases set on
fire, one being blown up by the Royal Engineers with an ammonal tube.
An enemy machine gun which opened fire from the right was immediately
silenced by our Lewis and machine guns. The time fixed for the return
of the party was 12.50 a.m. and it was only in the last minute or so
that the main object of the raid, a prisoner, was secured. Most of the
dug-outs were empty, but eventually Vann found one which contained
some Boches. These he at once ordered to come out. Two came up with
bayonets fixed, one of whom was at once shot dead by Vann, and the
other wounded. They were followed by four others, including a
stretcher bearer, who came out with hands up shouting "Kamerad!"
"Kamerad!" They were at once hustled out of the trench with the
scantiest of ceremony and brought back to our lines. Immediately after
this, Vann ordered his bugler to sound the recall signal, and at the
same instant the prearranged signal of six red rockets went up at
Battalion Headquarters. During the last ten minutes of the raid the
enemy had surrounded the occupied portion of the trenches with red
lights and their artillery had begun to shell their front line and
"Italy Sap," but did the party little harm, and every man got back to
our trenches, the only casualties being eight men wounded. The net
result of the raid was that five Germans were killed by the raiding
party, and five taken prisoners, including one wounded, apart from any
casualties inflicted by our bombardments. It is worth noting that a
bombardment of the area around the blind gap was also carried out, and
that the barrage there "lifted" before that on the gaps where the raid
was actually to take place. This was undoubtedly of great assistance
to the raiding party in diverting the enemy's attention, and in
causing his barrage to come down first in No Man's Land opposite the
blind gap, where we had no troops whatever. The number of rounds used
to cut the wire was 670, fired by seven 2-inch trench mortars.
Many messages of congratulation were received on the success of the
raid, including one from the Corps Commander. It was a great pleasure
to all when it was known shortly afterwards, that Vann, whose
gallantry knew no bounds, had been given a bar to his M.C., and that
the M.C. had been awarded to Duff, who had already done most admirable
work at Vimy, and was one of the pluckiest Officers the Battalion ever
had. Vann was subsequently awarded the French Croix-de-Guerre.
Much of the success of the raid was undoubtedly due to the excellent
patrolling which had been done by Martelli and his Scouts, L.-Corpl.
Hickman, and Pvtes. Bambrook and Haslam, who throughout worked with
the greatest skill, and left nothing undone to ensure that all was in
order. Many gallant deeds too, were performed in the enemy trenches.
Pvte. Chappel, a leading bayonet man successfully shewed one Boche the
proper way of making the point; Pvte. Walsh wanted to go on to the
German second line when he was unable to find any to kill where he
was; Drummer Heath shewed great bravery and devotion as he had often
done on previous occasions, in carrying messages; Drummer A. L. Smith,
though wounded, remained at his post to the last to sound the recall
signal; while great gallantry was also shewn by Lieut. Martelli,
Comp. Sergt.-Major G. Powell, Sergt. Slater, Corpl. Carrier, and Pvte.
Needham. The raiding party had a special little dinner of their own a
few days after the raid at the canteen at Bailleulval.
There is but little to record of our other doings in the trenches. We
recall efforts being made to have "Daily Trench Exercises" carried
out, such as physical jerks, bomb throwing, and rifle practice, but
the orders issued on the subject were, we fear, honoured rather in the
breach than the observance! We did, however, appreciate the
opportunity given us in these days of sending Officers from time to
time to our Gunner friends to learn something of the elements of
artillery work, and though these visits were very short, it was
certainly not the fault of the Gunners if we were not wiser for the
instruction they gave us. We on our part were also called upon to do
some instructing, having attached to us at various times Lieut.-Col.
Smeathman of the Hertfordshire Regiment, Lieut. Haslam (afterwards
killed) and 12 men of the Artists' Rifles, and an Officer and 14 men
of the 1st King's Dragoon Guards, to all of whom we imparted as much
of our knowledge of trench warfare as was possible during the short
time they were with us.
As time wore on changes took place. Vann, who had once more been
slightly wounded during his raid and was not very fit, went to the
Senior Officers' Course at Aldershot, and was succeeded in command of
A Company by Capt. E. M. Hacking. Capt. Davenport after a week's tour
in the trenches for instruction left to attend the Staff Course at
Cambridge. Hicks, who was afterwards killed, went to the Trench Mortar
Battery, E. A. Huskinson to the 138th Brigade to learn Staff duties,
Easterfield to the Machine Gun Corps, where he won the M.C., Corry
(who later died of wounds) and Newton to the Royal Flying Corps,
Woodward to the "Whizz-bangs," and Capt. A. Hacking (from Brigade
Headquarters), Field, Parker and Wells were invalided to England.
Jones, who followed Marshall as Intelligence Officer, got wounded on
patrol, and was succeeded by Martelli. Under the new scheme of sending
home as Instructors, Warrant Officers and N.C.O.'s who were feeling
the strain of long periods of active service, we lost Comp.
Sergt.-Major Chappell, and Sergts. L. Bell, Shore and Wells. Comp.
Quarter-Master-Sergt. Hotson then became Comp. Sergt.-Major of B
Company, and Sergt. Deverall, Comp. Quarter-Master-Sergt. of C
Company. Our casualties during the period amounted to seven killed,
and 37 wounded. Against these losses we were joined by two Officers,
2nd Lieuts. J. M. Johnston, and E. W. Warner, and about 80 men,
including 40 from No. 4 Entrenching Battalion.
All this time the Somme fighting had been going on, more or less
successfully, and we wondered time and again when our turn would come
to go and take part in it. Divisions around us were moved backwards
and forwards, to and from the fighting area, with almost lightning
rapidity, and still we were left in this peaceful part with few cares,
and almost began to think we had been forgotten, or that the office
boy had scratched our name off the list of Divisions in France! But it
was apparently not so, for on October 20th, we got news of our
approaching move to a training area, preparatory, no doubt, to taking
a more active part in the fighting. Eventually, on October 29th, we
were relieved by the 16th Manchesters and said goodbye to that
delightful area where we had such good times, and to which we shall
always look back with the greatest possible pleasure.