_2_, Posterior border; _3_, anterior border of auricula; _8_,
scutiform cartilage; _9_, zygomatic arch; _n_, parotido-auricularis;
_o_, zygomatico-auricularis; _o′_, scutulo-auricularis superficialis
inferior; _o″_, scutulo-auricularis superficialis medius et
superior; _p_, interscutularis; _p′_, fronto-scutularis (pars
temporalis); _q_, cervico-auricularis profundus major; _s_, small
(or anterior) oblique muscle of head; _t_, splenius; _y_, tendon of
mastoido-humeralis; _c_, mastoido-humeralis; _x_, wing of atlas.
(After Ellenberger-Baum, Anat. für Künstler.)
]
(_a_) The =cervico-auricularis superficialis= is a thin triangular
sheet. It is wide at its origin from the occipital crest and the
adjacent part of the ligamentum nuchæ, and becomes narrower as it passes
outward to be inserted into the inner side of the convex surface of the
concha.
(_b_) The =cervico-auricularis profundus major= arises from the
ligamentum nuchæ, partly beneath and partly behind the preceding muscle.
It is directed outward and is inserted into the postero-external aspect
of the base of the ear, partly under cover of the parotido-auricularis.
(_c_) The =cervico-auricularis profundus minor= arises under the
preceding muscle and passes downward and outward to be inserted into the
lowest part of the convex surface of the concha, partly under cover of
the parotid gland.
5. The =parotido-auricularis= (s. M. auricularis inferior) is a
ribbon-like muscle which lies on the parotid gland. It is thin and wide
at its origin from the fascia on the lower part of the parotid gland and
becomes somewhat narrower and thicker as it passes upward. It is
inserted into the conchal cartilage just below the angle of junction of
its borders.
6. The =deep auricular= or =rotator muscles= (M. auriculares profundis,
rotatores auriculæ), two in number, are situated under the scutiform
cartilage and the base of the concha and cross each other.
(_a_) The =scutulo-auricularis profundus major= is the strongest of the
auricular muscles. It is flat and is about an inch wide. It arises from
the deep face of the scutiform cartilage and passes backward to end on
and below the most prominent part of the base of the concha (eminentia
conchæ).
(_b_) The =scutulo-auricularis profundus minor= lies between the base of
the concha and the preceding muscle, and is best seen when the latter is
cut and reflected. It is flat and about an inch in length. It arises
from the posterior part of the deep face of the scutiform cartilage and
from the cervico-scutularis, and passes downward, backward, and outward
to be inserted into the base of the concha under cover of the preceding
muscle.
[Illustration: