_a_, _a_, Ends of sterno-cephalicus; _b_, anterior part of
omo-hyoideus; _c_, sterno-thyro-hyoideus; _d_, trachea; _e_,
œsophagus; _f_, cariniform cartilage; _g_, rectus cap. ant. major;
_h_, stump of trachelo-mastoideus; _i_, intertransversales; _k_,
multifidus; _l_, _m_, scalenus; _n_, serratus cervicis; _o_, _o_,
stumps of splenius, _p_, longissimus, _q_, complexus (most of which
is removed); _r_, rhomboideus; _s_, trapezius; _t_, spinalis et
semispinalis; _u_, lamellar part of lig. nuchæ; _v_,
mastoido-humeralis; _w_, anterior deep pectoral; _x_, supraspinatus;
_y_, anterior superficial pectoral; _z_, scapular tuberosity; _1_,
_1_, articular processes of cervical vertebræ; _2_, _2_, transverse
processes of same; _3_, atlas; _3′_, axis; _4_, _4_, jugular vein
(remainder removed); _5_, common carotid artery, from which a piece
is removed to show the accompanying nerves; _6_, vago-sympathetic
trunk; _7_, _7_, tracheal and muscular branches of carotid artery;
_8_, recurrent nerve; _10_, left tracheal lymph duct; _11_, _12_,
ascending and descending branches of inferior cervical artery
(_13_); _14_, cephalic vein; _15–20_, ventral branches of second to
seventh cervical nerves; _21_, roots of phrenic nerve; _22_,
thoracic or pectoral nerves; _22′_, nerve to serratus magnus; _23_,
musculo-cutaneous nerve; _24_, median nerve; _25_, ulnar nerve;
_26_, radial nerve; _27_, axillary nerve; _28_, dorsal branches of
cervical nerves; _28′_, accessory nerve (cut); _29_, superior or
deep cervical artery; _30_, muscular branch of vertebral artery;
_31_, posterior (anastomotic) branch of occipital artery; _32_,
vertebral artery; _33_, muscular branches of occipital artery; _34_,
obliquus capitis post.; _35_, obi. cap. ant.; _36_, twig from dorsal
branch of third cervical nerve. (After Ellenberger-Baum, Top. Anat.
des Pferdes.)
]
The =occipital artery= (A. occipitalis) is the second in size of the
terminals of the carotid. It arises usually just in front of the
internal carotid, but in some cases with that artery by a common trunk
of variable length. It pursues a somewhat flexuous course to the fossa
atlantis, where it divides into anterior and posterior branches. It is
related superficially to the submaxillary gland and the
mastoido-humeralis, and deeply to the guttural pouch and the rectus
capitis anterior major.[158] The internal carotid artery, the inferior
cerebral vein, and the accessory, vagus, and sympathetic nerves cross
its deep face. It gives twigs to the submaxillary gland, the anterior
straight muscles, the guttural pouch and the adjacent lymph glands, and
two named collateral branches. The =condyloid= or =prevertebral artery=
(A. condyloidea) is a small vessel which passes upward and forward on
the guttural pouch, and divides into muscular and meningeal branches.
The latter enter the cranium through the foramen lacerum and hypoglossal
foramen and are distributed to the dura mater. This artery is very
variable in its origin. The =posterior meningeal= or =mastoid artery=
(A. meningea caudalis) is a much larger vessel which runs upward and
forward between the small oblique muscle and the paramastoid process,
passes through the mastoid foramen into the parieto-temporal canal,
enters the cranial cavity, and is distributed to the dura mater.
[Illustration: