The =scrotum= is situated somewhat further forward than in the horse. It
is long, pendulous, and has a well-marked neck. The skin here is usually
flesh-colored, but in some breeds is more or less pigmented; it is
sparsely covered with short hairs. Just in front of it are four
(sometimes only two) rudimentary teats.
The =testicles= are relatively larger than those of the horse, and have
an elongated, oval outline. The long axis is vertical. The inner surface
is somewhat flattened.
A testicle of an adult bull measures on the average about four or five
inches (10 to 12 cm.) in length, exclusive of the epididymis; with the
latter the length is about six inches (15 cm.). The width is about two
and a half to three inches (ca. 6 to 8 cm.), and the antero-posterior
diameter about the same. The weight is about nine or ten ounces (ca.
250 to 300 grams).
[Illustration:
FIG. 399.—GENERAL VIEW OF GENITAL ORGANS OF BULL.
]
The tunica albuginea is thin. The parenchyma is yellowish in color. The
mediastinum testis descends from the anterior part of the upper
extremity deeply into the gland as an axial strand about 5 mm. in
thickness. The vasa efferentia leave at the upper end of the
mediastinum.
The =epididymis= is very closely attached to the testicle. The head is
long; it curves over the upper extremity and nearly half-way down the
anterior border of the testicle. The body is very narrow, and lies along
the outer part of the posterior border of the testicle, to which it is
attached by a narrow peritoneal fold. The tail is large and is closely
attached to the lower extremity of the testicle.
The =spermatic cord= and the =tunica vaginalis= are much longer than in
the horse; the extra-inguinal part of the cord is about eight to ten
inches (20 to 25 cm.) in length. The =cremaster externus= is well
developed, and almost completely incloses the tunic to the nook of the
scrotum; it does not extend so far down as in the horse, but is inserted
about at the level of the upper pole of the testicle. The =vaginal ring=
is relatively very small, and is about four inches (ca. 10 cm.) from the
linea alba. The cremaster internus is feeble.
[Illustration: