The =sterno-cephalicus= is well developed. It arises on the manubrium
sterni and ends on the mastoid process, blending with the
cleido-cervicalis.
The =scalenus ventralis= (s. primæ costæ) arises on the last four
cervical transverse processes, and is inserted into the first rib.
The =scalenus dorsalis= (s. supracostalis) is large. Anteriorly it
blends with the preceding muscle, while posteriorly it divides into two
parts. The upper part is inserted on the third and fourth ribs, the
=lower part= by a long, thin tendon on the eighth rib.
The =longus colli= resembles that of the horse.
The =rectus capitis anterior major= arises on the transverse processes
of the second to the sixth cervical vertebræ and ends as in the horse.
The =rectus minor= and =lateralis= resemble those of the horse.
The =intertransversales= resemble those of the ox.
The =splenius= is strong and extensive. It arises on the first four or
five thoracic spines and the median raphé of the neck, and is inserted
into the occipital crest and mastoid process.
The =complexus= is composed of two parts—the biventer cervicis and the
complexus major proper. The =biventer cervicis= arises from the
transverse processes of the fifth and sixth, and the spines of the
second to the fifth (or sixth) thoracic vertebræ, from the ligamentum
nuchæ, and the median raphé. It has four tendinous intersections. The
=complexus major= arises on the transverse processes of the first three
or four thoracic vertebræ and the articular processes of the last five
cervical. Both end on a strong common tendon which is inserted into the
occipital crest and the depression below it.
The =trachelo-mastoideus= consists of two unequal portions. The large
=dorsal part= (M. longissimus capitis) arises on the transverse
processes of the first four thoracic and the articular process of the
last three or four cervical vertebræ, and ends with the splenius on the
mastoid process of the temporal bone. The small =ventral part= (M.
longissimus atlantis) arises on the articular processes of the third,
fourth, and fifth cervical vertebræ, and ends on the wing of the atlas.
The other muscles present no striking differential features, but it may
be noted that distinct =interspinales= are present.