_Sq.o._, Supraoccipital; _E.o._, exoccipital; _B.o._, basioccipital;
_B.s._, body of sphenoid; _Sq._, squamous temporal bone; _V_, vomer;
_Mx._, maxilla; _Pa._, horizontal part of palate bone; _P.p._,
palate process of maxilla; _Z_, malar bone; _J_, premaxilla; _D.c._,
canine tooth; _J1–3_, incisor teeth; _O_, temporal fossa; _1_,
occipital crest; _2_, for. magnum; _3_, occipital condyle; _4_,
paramastoid (styloid) process; _5_, bulla ossea; _6_, for. lacerum
basis cranii; _7_, pterygoid process of sphenoid; _8_, posterior
nares; _9_, anterior palatine foramen; _10_, palatine cleft.
(Struska, Anat. d. Haustiere.)
]
The =sphenoid bone= is short and resembles that of the ox in general.
The body is narrow. The pituitary fossa is very deep, and is limited
behind by a prominent dorsum sellæ; the dorsum bears lateral
projections, the =posterior clinoid processes=. The foramen ovale is
absent, being included in the foramen lacerum anterius. The other
foramina are like those of the ox. The pterygoid process is broad and
twisted. Its base is not perforated and its free edge is thin and sharp.
It concurs with the pterygoid and palate bones in the formation of the
pterygoid fossa, which opens backward and is not present in the horse or
ox. The sphenoidal sinus is very large and occupies the body, the
temporal wings, and a great part of the pterygoid processes in the
adult; it is continued into the temporal bone as mentioned above.
The =ethmoid bone= has a relatively long perpendicular plate, which is
marked by ridges corresponding to the ethmoidal meatuses. The cribriform
plate is extensive and very oblique, so that it and the crista galli are
almost in line with the basi-cranial axis. A linear series of relatively
large foramina is found on either side of the crista. The lateral mass
consists of five endoturbinals and eighteen ectoturbinals (Paulli). The
lamina papyracea concurs in the formation of the pterygo-palatine fossa.