VI

VINCENT: Forsooth, uncle, in this point methinketh you say very

well. But then are there some again who say on the other hand that

we shall need no heaviness for our sins at all, but need only

change our intent and purpose to do better, and for all that is

passed take no thought at all. And as for fasting and other

affliction of the body, they say we should not do it save only to

tame the flesh when we feel it wax wanton and begin to rebel. For

fasting, they say, serveth to keep the body in temperance, but to

fast for penance or to do any other good work, almsdeed or other,

toward satisfaction for our own sins--this thing they call plain

injury to the passion of Christ, by which alone our sins are

forgiven freely without any recompense of our own. And they say

that those who would do penance for their own sins look to be

their own Christs, and pay their own ransoms, and save their souls

themselves. And with these reasons in Saxony many cast fasting

off, and all other bodily affliction, save only where need

requireth to bring the body to temperance. For no other good, they

say, can it do to ourselves, and then to our neighbour can it do

none at all. And therefore they condemn it for superstitious

folly. Now, heaviness of heart and weeping for our sins, this

they reckon shame almost, and womanish childishness--howbeit, God

be thanked, their women wax there now so mannish that they are not

so childish, nor so poor of spirit, but what they can sin on as

men do and be neither afraid nor ashamed nor weep for their sins at

all.

And surely, mine uncle, I have marvelled the less ever since I

heard the manner of their preachers there. For, as you remember,

when I was in Saxony these matters were (in a manner) but in a

mammering. Luther was not then wedded yet, nor religious men out

of their habits, but those that would be of the sect were suffered

freely to preach what they would unto the people. And forsooth I

heard a religious man there myself--one that had been reputed and

taken for very good, and who, as far as the folk perceived, was of

his own living somewhat austere and sharp. But his preaching was

wonderful! Methinketh I hear him yet, his voice so loud and

shrill, his learning less than mean. But whereas his matter was

much part against fasting and all affliction for any penance,

which he called men's inventions, he ever cried out upon them to

keep well the laws of Christ, let go their childish penance, and

purpose then to mend and seek nothing to salvation but the death

of Christ. "For he is our justice, and he is our Saviour and our

whole satisfaction for all our deadly sins. He did full penance

for us all upon his painful cross, he washed us there all clean

with the water of his sweet side, and brought us out of the

devil's danger with his dear precious blood. Leave therefore,

leave, I beseech you, these inventions of men, your foolish Lenten

fasts and your childish penance! Diminish never Christ's thanks

nor look to save yourselves! It is Christ's death, I tell you,

that must save us all--Christ's death, I tell you yet again, and

not our own deeds. Leave your own fasting, therefore, and lean to

Christ alone, good Christian people, for Christ's dear bitter

passion!" Now, so loud and shrill he cried "Christ" in their ears,

and so thick he came forth with Christ's bitter passion, and that

so bitterly spoken with the sweat dropping down his cheeks, that I

marvelled not that I saw the poor women weep. For he made my own

hair stand up upon my head.

And with such preaching were the people so taken in that some fell

to break their fast on the fasting days, not of frailty or of

malice first, but almost of devotion, lest they should take from

Christ the thanks of his bitter passion. But when they were awhile

nursled in that point first, they could afterward abide and endure

many things more, for which, if he had begun with them, they would

have pulled him down.

ANTHONY: Cousin, God amend that man, whatsoever he be, and God

keep all good folk from such manner of preachers! One such

preacher much more abuseth the name of Christ and of his bitter

passion than do five hundred gamblers who in their idle business

swear and foreswear themselves by his holy bitter passion at dice.

They carry the minds of the people from perceiving their craft by

the continual naming of the name of Christ, and crying his passion

so shrill into their ears that they forget that the Church hath

ever taught them that all our penance without Christ's passion

would not be worth a pea. And they make the people think that we

wish to be saved by our own deeds, without Christ's death; whereas

we confess that his passion alone meriteth incomparably more for

us than all our own deeds do, but that it is his pleasure that we

shall also take pain ourselves with him. And therefore he biddeth

all who will be his disciples to take their crosses on their backs

as he did, and with their crosses follow him.

And where they say that fasting serveth but for temperance to tame

the flesh and keep it from wantonness, I would in good faith have

thought that Moses had not been so wild that for the taming of his

flesh he should have need to fast whole forty days together. No,

not Hely neither. Nor yet our Saviour himself, who began the

Lenten forty-days fast--and the apostles followed, and all

Christendom hath kept it--that these folk call now so foolish.

King Achab was not disposed to be wanton in his flesh, when he

fasted and went clothed in sackcloth and all besprent with ashes.

No more was the king in Nineveh and all the city, but they wailed

and did painful penance for their sin to procure God to pity them

and withdraw his indignation. Anna, who in her widowhood abode so

many years with fasting and praying in the temple till the birth

of Christ, was not, I suppose, in her old age so sore disposed to

the wantonness of the flesh that she fasted for all that. Nor St.

Paul, who fasted so much, fasted not all for that, neither. The

scripture is full of places that prove fasting to be not the

invention of man but the institution of God, and to have many more

profits than one. And that the fasting of one man may do good unto

another, our Saviour showeth himself where he saith that some kind

of devils cannot be cast out of one man by another "without prayer

and fasting." And therefore I marvel that they take this way

against fasting and other bodily penance.

And yet much more I marvel that they mislike the sorrow and

heaviness and displeasure of mind that a man should take in

thinking of his sin. The prophet saith, "Tear your hearts and not

your clothes." And the prophet David saith, "A contrite heart and

an humbled"--that is to say, a heart broken, torn, and laid low

under foot with tribulation of heaviness for his sins--"shalt thou

not, good Lord, despise." He saith also of his own contrition, "I

have laboured in my wailing; I shall every night wash my bed with

my tears, my couch will I water."

But why should I need in this matter to lay forth one place or

twain? The scripture is full of those places, by which it plainly

appeareth that God looketh of duty, not only that we should amend

and be better in the time to come, but also that we should be

sorry and weep and bewail our sins committed before. And all the

old holy doctors be full and whole of that opinion, that men must

have for their sins contrition and sorrow in heart.