transverse processes, each giving rise to an ascending limb, the
metapophyses, and a descending one. The latter (generally spoken of
as the transverse processes) point steeply downward, and are
considerably longer than those of thoracic series. The sacral
vertebrae (s.v.) have great flattened transverse propcesses for
articulation with the ilia. The caudal vertebrae (c.v.) are gradually
reduced to the mere elongated centra, as we proceed, towards the tip
of the tail.