BERKSHIRE.--Rather more than medium size. Snout of medium length, face
dished. Ears nearly erect, well carried. Jowl heavy. Neck short with
considerable crest. Shoulder, back and rump of good width. Body deep.
Ham thickly meated, strong constitution. Color black with a white mark
on face. White on each foot and on tip of tail.
CHESHIRE.--Medium size. Body has good length. Shoulders and hams well
developed. Face slightly dished. Ear small and erect. Bone fine and of
fair quality. Color white. Black spots often occur on skin.
CHESTER-WHITE.--Medium size, face straight or very slightly dished. Ear
droops and is somewhat loosely attached to head. Color white, hair in
many specimens wavy or curly. Neck wide, deep and short. Jowl smooth,
neat and firm. Shoulders broad, deep and full. Chest large, deep, full
in girth. Sides full, smooth, deep; ham broad, full, long, wide and
deep. Back broad on top, straight or slightly arched, legs short and
straight. Coat fine. Weight of boars two years old 500 pounds, sows 450
pounds.
DUROC-JERSEY.--Medium size, fine bone. Snout medium length, face
slightly dished, ear drooped, jowl heavy, body wide and deep set on
short legs. Ham heavily fleshed. Cherry red the popular color, but
yellowish red and chestnut are often seen. Weight of boars two years old
600 pounds, sows 500 pounds.
HAMPSHIRE or THIN-RIND SWINE.--Medium size, face straight, ear inclined
forward, but does not droop. Jowl light, as is also shoulder and ham.
Back of medium width. Legs of medium length and bone of good quality.
Color black extremities with a white belt four to twelve inches wide
encircling body and including fore-legs, which should also be white.
Weight, boars two years old 450 pounds, sows 400 pounds.
LARGE YORKSHIRE.--One of the largest breeds. Snout of medium length,
with little or no dish. Moderate dish in face. Jowl of good width and
muscular. Ears rather large, firmly attached, fringed with fine hair.
Shoulders and back of medium width. Side long. Ham lighter than that of
lard type with flesh carried well round inside of thigh. Legs medium
length. Bone fairly heavy, clean and flinty. Color, white.
POLAND-CHINA.--Medium size. Face slightly dished. Jowl full and heavy.
Ears fine, firmly attached; about one-third of ear droops. Neck short,
thick and heavily arched on top. Shoulder heavy. Side short. Back wide.
Ham very wide and deep. Legs short, bone fine. Black with six white
points on face, feet and tip of tail. Weight of boars two years old 600
pounds, sows 500 pounds.
TAMWORTH.--Should have golden-red hair on a flesh-colored skin, free
from black. Snout long and straight. Ear large. Jowl narrow and light.
Neck and shoulder are light; back and loin of medium width, side of good
length, moderately deep. Rather deficient in ham. Legs long and strong.
=Yak= (_Bos grunniens_), a species of ox found in Tibet, and
domesticated there. The wild yak of central Asia is the largest native
animal of Tibet, and is found only near the limits of perpetual snow.
The domesticated yak, which forms great part of the wealth of the
inhabitants of central Asia, is about the height of an American ox,
which it much resembles also in body, head, and legs; but it is covered
all over with a thick coat of long, silky hair, that of the lower parts
of the body being very long and hanging down almost to the ground. The
neck is short; the rump is low; the legs are short. Over the shoulders
there is a bunch of long hair; and the tail is covered with a prodigious
quantity of long, flowing hair. Its milk is very rich, and yields
excellent butter and curd.
=Zebu= (_Bos indicus_), an ox which exists only in a domesticated state
in Asia. It is characterized chiefly by its large hump, or sometimes two
humps, over the withers and by a greatly developed dewlap. Its color
varies from ashen grey to pure white, and white bulls, known as Brahmin
bulls, are held sacred by the Hindus and allowed to wander at will. They
vary greatly in size, and in India are used as beasts of burden and
draft.