The small time I staid in London, divers_The General Historie of Virginia, New England & the Summer Isles (Vol. I) Together with the True Travels, Adventures and Observations, and a Sea Grammar

acquaintances, hath gone with mee to see her, that generally concluded,

they did thinke God had a great hand in her conversion, and they have

seene many English Ladies worse favoured, proportioned and behavioured,

and as since I have heard, it pleased both the King and Queenes Majestie

honourably to esteeme her, accompanied with that honourable Lady the Lady

De la Ware, and that honourable Lord her husband, and divers other persons

of good qualities, both publikely at the maskes and otherwise, to her

great satisfaction and content, which doubtlesse she would have deserved,

had she lived to arrive in Virginia.

A.D. 1617.

_Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer._

The government devolved to Captaine Samuel

Argall, 1617.

_The death of Pocahontas._

1000. _bushels of Corne from the Salvages._ {MN}

The Treasurer, Councell and Companie, having well furnished Captaine

Samuel Argall, the Lady Pocahontas alias Rebecca, with her husband and

others, in the good ship called the George, it pleased God at Gravesend to

take this young Lady to his mercie, where shee made not more sorrow for

her unexpected death, than joy to the beholders, to heare and see her make

so religious and godly an end. Her little childe Thomas Rolfe therefore

was left at Plimoth with Sir Lewis Stukly, that desired the keeping of it.

Captaine Hamar his vice-Admirall was gone before, but hee found him at

Plimoth. In March they set saile 1617. and in May he arrived at James

towne, where hee was kindly entertained by Captaine Yearley and his

Companie in a martiall order, whose right hand file was led by an Indian.

In James towne he found but five or six houses, the Church downe, the

Palizado's broken, the Bridge in pieces, the Well of fresh water spoiled;

the Store-house they used for the Church, the market-place, and streets,

and all other spare places planted with Tobacco, the Salvages as frequent

in their houses as themselves, whereby they were become expert in our

armes, and had a great many in their custodie and possession, the Colonie

dispersed all about, planting Tobacco. Captaine Argall not liking those

proceedings, altered them agreeable to his owne minde, taking the best

order he could for repairing those defects which did exceedingly trouble

us; we were constrained every yeere to build and repaire our old Cottages,

which were alwaies a decaying in all places of the Countrie, yea, the very

Courts of Guard built by Sir Thomas Dale, was ready to fall, and the

Palizado's not sufficient to keepe out Hogs. Their number of people were

about 400. but not past 200. fit for husbandry and tillage: we found there

in all one hundred twentie eight cattell, and fourescore and eight Goats,

besides innumerable numbers of Swine, and good plentie of Corne in some

places, yet the next yeere the [IV.124.] Captaine sent out a Frigat and a

Pinnace, {MN} that brought us neere six hundred bushels more, which did

greatly relieve the whole Colonie: For from the tenants wee seldome had

above foure hundred bushels of rent Corne to the store, and there was not

remaining of the Companies companie, past foure and fiftie men, women and

Children.

1618.

_Sir Thomas Smith Treasurer._

This yeere having planted our fields, came a great drought, and such a

cruell storme of haile, which did such spoile both to the Corne and

Tobacco, that wee reaped but small profit, the Magazine that came in the

George, being five moneths in her passage, proved very badly conditioned,

but ere she arrived, we had gathered and made up our Tobacco, the best at

three shillings the pound, the rest at eighteene pence.

_The death of Lord la Ware._ {MN-1}

_They are relieved in New-England._ {MN-2}

To supply us, the Councell and Company with all possible care and

diligence, furnished a good ship of some two hundred and fiftie tunne,

with two hundred people and the Lord la Ware. They set saile in Aprill,

and tooke their course by the westerne Iles, where the Governour of the

Ile of Saint Michael received the Lord la Ware, and honourably feasted

him, with all the content hee could give him. Going from thence, they were

long troubled with contrary winds, in which time many of them fell very

sicke, thirtie died, {MN-1} one of which number was that most honourable

Lord Governour the Lord la Ware, whose most noble and generous

disposition, is well knowne to his great cost, had beene most forward in

this businesse for his Countries good: Yet this tender state of Virginia

was not growne to that maturitie, to maintaine such state and pleasure as

was fit for such a personage, with so brave and great attendance: for some

small number of adventrous Gentlemen to make discoveries, and lie in

Garrison, ready upon any occasion to keepe in feare the inconstant

Salvages, nothing were more requisite, but to have more to wait & play

than worke, or more commanders and officers than industrious labourers was

not so necessarie: for in Virginia, a plaine Souldier that can use a

Pick-axe and spade, is better than five Knights, although they were

Knights that could breake a Lance; for men of great place, not inured to

those incounters; when they finde things not sutable, grow many times so

discontented, they forget themselves, & oft become so carelesse, that a

discontented melancholy brings them to much sorrow, and to others much

miserie. At last they stood in for the coast of New-England, where they

met a small Frenchman, rich of Bevers and other Furres. {MN-2} Though wee

had here but small knowledge of the coast nor countrie, yet they tooke

such an abundance of Fish and Fowle, and so well refreshed themselves

there with wood and water, as by the helpe of God thereby, having beene at

Sea sixteene weekes, got to Virginia, who without this reliefe had beene

in great danger to perish. The French-men made them such a feast, with

such an abundance of varietie of Fish, Fowle and Fruits, as they all

admired, and little expected that wild wildernesse could affoord such

wonderfull abundance of plentie. In this ship came about two hundred men,

but very little provision, and the ship called the Treasurer came in

againe not long after with fortie passengers; the Lord la Wares ship lying

in Virginia three moneths, wee victualled her with threescore bushels of

Corne, and eight Hogsheads of flesh, besides other victuall she spent

whilest they tarried there: this ship brought us advice that great

multitudes were a preparing in England to bee sent, and relied much upon

that victuall they should finde here: whereupon our Captaine called a

Councell, and writ to the Councell here in England the estate of the

Colonie, and what a great miserie would insue, if they sent not provision

as well as people; and what they did suffer for want of skilfull

husbandmen, and meanes to set their Ploughs on worke, having as good

ground as any man can desire, and about fortie Bulls and Oxen, but they

wanted men to bring them to labour, and Irons for the Ploughs, and

harnesse for the Cattell. Some thirtie or fortie acres wee had sowne with

one Plough, but it stood so long on the ground before it was reaped, it

was most shaken, and the rest spoiled with the Cattell and Rats [IV.125.]

in the Barne, but no better Corne could bee for the quantitie.

_Richard Killingbeck and foure other murdered by the Salvages._

_Their Church and Storehouse._ {MN-1}

_Fairfax, three children and two boys also murdered._ {MN-2}

Richard Killingbeck being with the Captaine at Kekoughtan, desired leave

to returne to his wife at Charles hundred, hee went to James towne by

water, there he got foure more to goe with him by land, but it proved that

he intended to goe trade with the Indies of Chickahamania, where making

shew of the great quantitie of trucke they had, which the Salvages

perceiving, partly for their trucke, partly for revenge of some friends

they pretended should have beene slaine by Captaine Yearley, one of them

with an English peece shot Killingbeck dead, the other Salvages assaulted

the rest and slew them, stripped them, and tooke what they had: But

fearing this murther would come to light, and might cause them to suffer

for it, would now proceed to the perfection of villanie; {MN-1} for

presently they robbed their Machacomocko house of the towne, stole all the

Indian treasure thereout, and fled into the woods, as other Indians

related. {MN-2} On Sunday following, one Farfax that dwelt a mile from the

towne, going to Church, left his wife and three small children safe at

home, as he thought, and a young youth: she supposing praier to be done,

left the children, and went to meet her husband; presently after came

three or foure of those fugitive Salvages, entred the house, and slew a

boy and three children, and also another youth that stole out of the

Church in praier time, meeting them, was likewise murdered. Of this

disaster the Captaine sent to Opechankanough for satisfaction, but he

excused the matter, as altogether ignorant of it, at the same time the

Salvages that were robbed were complaining to Opechankanough, and much

feared the English would bee revenged on them, so that Opechankanough

sent to Captaine Argall, to assure him the peace should never be broken by

him, desiring that he would not revenge the injurie of those fugitives

upon the innocent people of that towne, which towne he should have, and

sent him a basket of earth, as possession given of it, and promised, so

soone as possibly they could catch these robbers, to send him their heads

for satisfaction, but he never performed it. Samuel Argall, John Rolfe.

1619.

_Sir Edwin Sands Treasurer._

_Master John Farer Deputie._

A relation from Master John Rolfe,

June 15. 1618.

_Powhatans death._ {MN-1}

_Haile-stones eight inches about._ {MN-2}

Concerning the state of our new Common-wealth, it is somewhat bettered,

for we have sufficient to content our selves, though not in such abundance

as is vainly reported in England. {MN-1} Powhatan died this last Aprill,

yet the Indians continue in peace. Itopatin his second brother succeeds

him, and both hee and Opechankanough have confirmed our former league. On

the eleventh of May, about ten of the clocke in the night, happened a most

fearefull tempest, but it continued not past halfe an houre, {MN-2} which

powred downe hailestones eight or nine inches about, that none durst goe

out of their doores, and though it tore the barke and leaves of the trees,

yet wee finde not they hurt either man or beast; it fell onely about James

towne, for but a mile to the East, and twentie to the West there was no

haile at all. Thus in peace every man followed his building and planting

without any accidents worthy of note. Some private differences happened

betwixt Captaine Bruster and Captaine Argall, and Captaine Argall and the

Companie here in England; but of them I am not fully informed, neither are

they here for any use, and therefore unfit to be remembred. In December

one Captaine Stallings, an old planter in those parts, being imployed by

them of the West countrie for a fishing voyage, in New-England, fell foule

of a Frenchman whom hee tooke, leaving his owne ship to returne for

England, himselfe with a small companie remained in the French barke, some

small time after upon the coast, and thence returned to winter in Virginia.

The government surrendred to Sir George [IV.126.]

Yearley.

_Waraskoyack planted._ {MN}

For to begin with the yeere of our Lord, 1619. there arrived a little

Pinnace privatly from England about Easter for Captaine Argall, who taking

order for his affaires, within foure or five daies returned in her, and

left for his Deputy, Captaine Nathaniel Powell. On the eighteenth of

Aprill, which was but ten or twelve daies after, arrived Sir George

Yearley, by whom we understood Sir Edwin Sands was chosen Treasurer, and

Master John Farrar his Deputy, and what great supplies was a preparing to

be sent us, which did ravish us so much with joy and content, we thought

our selves now fully satisfied, for our long toile and labours, and as

happy men as any in the world. Notwithstanding, such an accident hapned

Captaine Stallings, the next day his ship was cast away, and he not long

after slaine in a private quarrell. Sir George Yearly to beginne his

government, added to be of his councell, Captaine Francis West, Captaine

Nathaniel Powell, Master John Pory, Master John Rolfe, and Master William

Wickam, and Master Samuel Macocke, and propounded to have a generall

assembly with all expedition. Upon the twelfth of this Moneth, came in a

Pinnace of Captaine Bargraves, and on the seventeenth Captaine Lownes, and

one Master Evans, {MN} who intended to plant themselves at Waraskoyack,

but now Ophechankanough will not come at us, that causes us suspect his

former promises.

_A barrell they account foure bushels._ {MN}

In May came in the Margaret of Bristoll, with foure and thirty men, all

well and in health, and also many devout gifts, and we were much troubled

in examining some scandalous letters sent into England, to disgrace this

Country with barrennesse, to discourage the adventurers, and so bring it

and us to ruine and confusion; notwithstanding, we finde by them of best

experience, an industrious man not other waies imploied, may well tend

foure akers of Corne, and 1000. plants of Tobacco, and where they say an

aker will yeeld but three or foure barrels, we have ordinarily foure or

five, but of new ground six, seven, and eight, and a barrell of Pease and

Beanes, which we esteeme as good as two of Corne, which is after thirty or

forty bushels an aker, so that one man may provide Corne for five, and

apparell for two by the profit of his Tobacco; {MN} they say also English

Wheat will yeeld but sixteene bushels an aker, and we have reaped thirty:

besides to manure the Land, no place hath more white and blew Marble than

here, had we but Carpenters to build and make Carts and Ploughs, and

skilfull men that know how to use them, and traine up our cattell to draw

them, which though we indevour to effect, yet our want of experience

brings but little to perfection but planting Tobaco, and yet of that many

are so covetous to have much, they make little good; besides there are so

many sofisticating Tobaco-mungers in England, were it never so bad, they

would sell it for Verinas, and the trash that remaineth should be Virginia,

such devilish bad mindes we know some of our owne Country-men doe beare,

not onely to the businesse, but also to our mother England her selfe; could

they or durst they as freely defame her.

_The time of Parlament._ {MN-1}

_Foure corporations named._ {MN-2}

_Captaine Wards exploit._ {MN-3}

The 25. of June came in the Triall with Corne and Cattell all in safety,

which tooke from us cleerely all feare of famine; {MN-1} then our

governour and councell caused Burgesses to be chosen in all places, and

met at a generall Assembly, where all matters were debated though

expedient for the good of the Colony, and Captaine Ward was sent to

Monahigan in new England, to fish in May, and returned the latter end of

May, but to small purpose, for they wanted Salt: the George also was sent

to New-found-land with the Cape Merchant, there she bought fish, that

defraied her charges, and made a good voyage in seven weekes. About the

last of August came in a dutch man of warre that sold us twenty Negars,

and Japazous King of Patawomeck, came to James towne, to desire two ships

to come trade in his River, for a more plentifull yeere of Corne had not

beene in a long time, yet very contagious, and by the trechery of one

Poule, in a manner turned heathen, wee were [IV.127.] very jealous the

Salvages would surprize us. {MN-2} The Governours have bounded foure

Corporations; which is the Companies, the University, the Governours and

Gleabe land: Ensigne Wil. Spencer, & Thomas Barret a Sergeant, with some

others of the ancient Planters being set free, we are the first farmers

that went forth, and have chosen places to their content, so that now

knowing their owne land, they strive who should exceed in building and

planting. The fourth of November the Bona nova came in with all her people

lusty and well; not long after one Master Dirmer sent out by some of

Plimoth for New-England, arrived in a Barke of five tunnes, and returned

the next Spring; notwithstanding the ill rumours of the unwholsomnesse of

James towne, the new commers that were planted at old Paspaheghe, little

more then a mile from it, had their healths better then any in the

Country. {MN-3} In December Captaine Ward returned from Patawomeck, the

people there dealt falsly with him, so that hee tooke 800. bushels of

Corne from them perforce. Captaine Woddiffe of Bristol came in not long

after, with all his people lusty and in health, and we had two particular

Governors sent us, under the titles of Deputies to the Company, the one to

have charge of the Colledge Lands, the other of the Companies: Now you are

to understand, that because there have beene many complaints against the

Governors, Captaines, and Officers in Virginia, for buying and selling men

and boies, or to bee set over from one to another for a yeerely rent, was

held in England a thing most intolerable, or that the tenants or lawfull

servants should be put from their places, or abridged their Covenants, was

so odious, that the very report thereof brought a great scandall to the

generall action. The Councell in England did send many good and worthy

instructions for the amending those abuses, and appointed a hundred men

should at the Companies charge be allotted and provided to serve and

attend the Governour during the time of his government, which number he

was to make good at his departure, and leave to his Successor in like

manner, fifty to the Deputy-Governour of the College land, and fifty to

the Deputy of the Companies land, fifty to the Treasurer, to the Secretary

five and twenty, and more to the Marshall and Cape merchant; which they

are also to leave to their successors, and likewise to every particular

Officer such a competency, as he might live well in his Office, without

oppressing any under their charge, which good law I pray God it be well

observed, and then we may truly say in Virginia, we are the most happy

people in the world. By me John Rolfe.

_The number of Ships and men._

There went this yeere by the Companies records, 11. ships and 1216.

persons to be thus disposed on: Tenants for the Governors land fourescore,

besides fifty sent the former spring; for the Companies land a hundred and

thirty, for the College a hundred, for the Glebe land fifty, young women

to make wives ninety, servants for publike service fifty, and fifty more

whose labours were to bring up thirty of the infidels children, the rest

were sent to private Plantations.

_Gifts given._

_But few performe them._ {MN}

Two persons unknowne have given faire Plate and Ornaments for two

Communion Tables, the one at the College, the other at the Church of

Mistris Mary Robinson, who towards the foundation gave two hundred pound.

And another unknowne person sent to the Treasurer five hundred and fifty

pounds, for the bringing up of the salvage children in Christianity.

Master Nicholas Farrar deceased, hath by his Will given three hundred

pounds to the College, to be paid when there shall be ten young Salvages

placed in it, in the meane time foure and twenty pound yeerely to bee

distributed unto three discreet and godly young men in the Colony, to

bring up three wilde young infidels in some good course of life, also

there were granted eleven Pattents, {MN} upon condition to transport

people and cattle to increase the Plantations.

A.D. 1620.

_The Earle of Southampton Treasurer,

and M. John Ferrar Deputy._

[IV.128.] A desperat Sea-fight betwixt two Spanish men of warre, and

a small English ship, at the Ile of Dominica going to Virginia, by

Captaine Anthony Chester.

_A French-man cast away at Guardalupo._ {MN-1}

_The Spaniards begin._ {MN-2}

_The Vice-Admirall shot between wind and water,_ {MN-3}

Having taken our journey towards Virginia in the beginning of February, a

ship called the Margaret and John, of one hundred and sixty tuns, eight

Iron Peeces and a Falcon, with eightie Passengers besides Sailers; After

many tempests and foule weather, about the foureteenth of March we were in

thirteene degrees and an halfe of Northerly latitude, where we descried a

ship at hull; it being but a faire gale of wind, we edged towards her to

see what she was, but she presently set saile, and ran us quickly out of

sight: This made us keepe our course for Mettalina, and the next day

passing Dominica, we came to an anchor at Guardalupo, to take in fresh

water. {MN-1} Six French-men there cast away sixteene moneths agoe came

aboord us; they told us a Spanish man of Warre but seven daies before was

seeking his consort, and this was she we descried at hull. At Mevis we

intended to refresh our selves, having beene eleven weeks pestered in this

unwholsome ship; but there we found two tall ships with the Hollanders

colours, but necessitie forcing us on shore, we anchored faire by them,

and in friendly manner sent to hale them: {MN-2} but seeing they were

Spaniards, retiring to our ship, they sent such a volley of shot after

us, that shot the Boat, split the Oares, and some thorow the clothes, yet

not a man hurt; and then followed with their great Ordnance, that many

times over-racked our ship, which being so cumbred with the Passengers

provisions, our Ordnance was not well fitted, nor any thing as it should

have beene. But perceiving what they were, we fitted our selves the best

we could to prevent a mischiefe, seeing them warp themselves to windward,

we thought it not good to be boorded on both sides at an anchor, we

intended to set saile, but that the Vice-Admirall battered so hard our

star-boord side, that we fell to our businesse, and answered their

unkindnesse with such faire shot from a Demiculvering, {MN-3} that shot

her betweene wind and water, whereby she was glad to leave us and her

Admirall together. Comming faire by our quarter, he tooke in his Holland

flag, and put forth his Spanish colours, and so haled us.

_The manner of their fight._ {MN}

We quietly and quickly answered him, both what wee were, and whither

bound, relating the effect of our Commission, and the cause of our

comming thither for water, and not to annoy any of the King of Spaines

Subjects, nor any. She commanded us amaine for the King of Spaine, we

replied with inlarging the particulars what friends both the Kings our

Masters were, and as we would doe no wrong, we would take none. They

commanded us aboord to shew our Commission, which we refused, but if they

would send their Boat to us willingly they should see it. {MN} But for

answer they made two great shot at us, with a volley of small shot, which

caused us to leave the decks; then with many ill words they laid us

aboord, which caused us to raise our maine saile, and give the word to

our small shot which lay close and ready, that paid them in such sort,

they quickly retired. The fight continued halfe an houre, as if we had

beene invironed with fire and smoke, untill they discovered the waste of

our ship naked, where they bravely boorded us loofe for loofe, hasting

with pikes and swords to enter, but it pleased God so to direct our

Captaine, and encourage our men with valour, that our pikes being

formerly placed under our halfe deck, and certaine shot lying close for

that purpose under the Port holes, encountred them so rudely, that their

fury was not onely rebated, but their hastinesse intercepted, and their

whole company beaten backe, many of our men were hurt, but I am sure they

had two for one.

_The Captaine slaine._ {MN}

In the end they were violently repulsed, untill they [IV.129.] were

reinforced to charge againe by their commands, who standing upon their

honors, thought it a great indignity to be so affronted, which caused a

second charge, and that answered with a second beating backe: whereat the

Captaine grew inraged, and constrained them to come on againe afresh,

which they did so effectually, that questionlesse it had wrought an

alteration, if the God that tosseth Monarchies, and teareth Mountaines,

had not taught us to tosse our Pikes with prosperous events, and powred

out a volley of small shot amongst them, {MN} whereby that valiant

Commander was slaine, and many of his Souldiers dropped downe likewise on

the top of the hatches. This we saw with our eies, and rejoyced with it

at our hearts, so that we might perceive good successe comming on, our

Captaine presently tooke advantage of their discomfiture, though with

much comiseration of that resolute Captaine, and not onely plied them

againe with our Ordnance, but had more shot under the Pikes, which was

bestowed to good purpose, and amazed our enemies with the suddennesse.

_A worthy exploit of Lucas._

_The event of the fight._ {MN}

Amongst the rest, one Lucas, our Carpenters Mate, must not be forgotten,

who perceiving a way how to annoy them; As they were thus puzled and in a

confusion, drew out a Minion under the halfe decke, and there bent it

upon them in such a manner, that when it was fired, the cases of stones

and peeces of Iron fell upon them so thick, as cleared the decke, and

slew many, and in short time we saw few assailants, but such as crept

from place to place covertly from the fury of our shot, which now was

thicker than theirs: for although as far as we may commend our enemies,

they had done something worthy of commendations; yet either wanting men,

or being overtaken with the unlooked for valour of our men, they now

began to shrinke, and give us leave to be wanton with our advantage. Yet

we could onely use but foure peece of Ordnances, but they served the

turne as well as all the rest: for she was shot so oft betweene wind and

water, we saw they were willing to leave us, but by reason she was fast

in the latch of our cable, which in haste of weighing our anchor hung

aloofe, she could not cleare her selfe as she wrought to doe, till one

cut the Cable with an axe, and was slaine by freeing us. Having beene

aboord us two houres and an halfe, seeing her selfe cleere, all the shot

wee had plaied on both sides, which lasted till we were out of shot, then

we discovered the Vice-Admirall comming to her assistance, who began a

farre off to ply us with their Ordnances, and put us in minde we had

another worke in hand. Whereupon we separated the dead and hurt bodies,

and manned the ship with the rest, and were so well incouraged wee waifed

them a maine. The Admirall stood aloofe off, and the other would not come

within Falcon shot, where she lay battering us till shee received another

paiment from a Demiculvering, which made her beare with the shore for

smooth water to mend her leakes. The next morning they both came up

againe with us, as if they had determined to devour us at once, but it

seemed it was but a bravado, though they forsooke not our quarter for a

time within Musket shot; yet all the night onely they kept us company,

but made not a shot. During which time we had leasure to provide us

better than before: but God be thanked they made onely but a shew of

another assault, ere suddenly the Vice-admirall fell a starne, and the

other lay shaking in the wind, and so they both left us. {MN} The fight

continued six houres, and was the more unwelcome, because we were so ill

provided, and had no intent to fight, nor give occasion to disturbe them.

As for the losse of men, if Religion had not taught us what by the

providence of God is brought to passe, yet daily experience might informe

us, of the dangers of wars, and perils at sea, by stormes tempests,

shipwracks, encounters with Pirats, meeting with enemies, crosse winds,

long voiages, unknowne shores, barbarous Nations, and an hundred

inconveniences, of which humane pollicies are not capable, nor mens

conjectures apprehensive. We lost Doctor Bohun, a worthy valiant

Gentleman, (a long time brought up amongst the most learned Surgeons, and

Physitions in Netherlands, and this his second journey to Virginia:) and

seven slaine out right, two died shortly [IV.130.] of their wounds;

sixteene was shot, whose limbs God be thanked was recovered without

maime, and now setled in Virginia: how many they lost we know not, but we

saw a great many lie on the decks, and their skuppers runne with bloud,

they were about three hundred tunnes apeece, each sixteene or twentie

Brasse-peeces. Captaine Chester, who in this fight had behaved himselfe

like a most vigilant, resolute, and a couragious souldier, as also our

honest and valiant master, did still so comfort and incourage us by all

the meanes they could, at last to all our great contents we arrived in

Virginia, and from thence returned safely to England.

The Names of the Adventurers for Virginia, Alphabetically set downe,

according to a printed Booke, set out by the Treasurer and Councell

in this present yeere, 1620.

Sir William Aliffe. William Atkinson, Esquire.

Sir Roger Aston. Richard Ashcroft.

Sir Anthony Ashley. Nicholas Andrews.

Sir John Akland. John Andrews the elder.

Sir Anthonie Aucher. John Andrews the younger.

Sir Robert Askwith. James Ascough.

Doctor Francis Anthony. Giles Allington.

Charles Anthony. Morris Abbot.

Edward Allen. Ambrose Asten.

Edmund Allen Esquire. James Askew.

John Allen. Anthony Abdey.

Thomas Allen. John Arundell, Esquire.

Edward, Earle of Bedford. Sir Henry Beddingfield.

James, Lord Bishop of Bathe Companie of Barbers-Surgeons.

and Wells.

Sir Francis Barrington. Companie of Bakers.

Sir Morice Barkley. Richard Banister.

Sir John Benet. John Bancks.

Sir Thomas Beamont. Miles Bancks.

Sir Amias Bamfield. Thomas Barber.

Sir John Bourcher. William Bonham.

Sir Edmund Bowyer. James Bryerley.

Sir Thomas Bludder. William Earners.

Sir George Bolles. Anthony Earners, Esquire.

Sir John Bingley. William Brewster.

Sir Thomas Button. Richard Brooke.

Hugh Brooker, Esquire. John Bullock.

Ambrose Brewsey. George Bache.

John Brooke. Thomas Bayly.

Matthew Bromridge. William Barkley.

Christopher Brooke, George Butler.

Esquire. Timothie Bathurst.

Martin Bond. George Burton.

Gabriel Beadle. Thomas Bret.

John Beadle. Captaine John Brough.

David Borne. Thomas Baker.

Edward Barnes. John Blunt.

John Badger. Thomas Bayly.

Edmund Brandvell. Richard and Edward Blunt.

Robert Bowyer, Esquire. Mineon Burrell.

Robert Bateman. Richard Blackmore.

Thomas Britton. William Beck.

Nicholas Benson. Benjamin Brand. [IV.131.]

Edward Bishop. John Busbridge.

Peter Burgoney. William Burrell.

Thomas Burgoney. William Barret.

Robert Burgoney. Francis Baldwin.

Christopher Baron. Edward Barber.

Peter Benson. Humphrey Basse.

John Baker. Robert Bell.

John Bustoridge. Matthew Bromrick.

Francis Burley. John Beaumont.

William Browne. George Barkley.

Robert Barker. Peter Bartle.

Samuel Burnham. Thomas Bretton.

Edward Barkley. John Blount.

William Bennet. Arthur Bromfeld Esquire.

Captaine Edward Brewster. William Berbloke.

Thomas Brocket. Charles Beck.

George, Lord Archbishop of William Lord Cranborne,

Canterburie. now Earle of Salisburie.

William, Lord Compton, Thomas Carpenter.

now Earle of Anthony Crew.

Northhampton. Richard Cox.

William Lord Cavendish, William Crosley.

now Earle of Devonshire. James Chatfeild.

Richard Earle of Clanricard. Richard Caswell.

Sir William Cavendish now John Cornelis.

Lord Cavendish. Randall Carter.

Gray, Lord Chandos. Executors of Randall Carter.

Sir Henry Cary. William Canning.

Sir George Calvert. Edward Carve, Esquire.

Sir Lionell Cranfield. Thomas Cannon, Esquire.

Sir Edward Cecill. Richard Champion.

Sir Robert Gotten. Rawley Crashaw.

Sir Oliver Cromwell. Henry Collins.

Sir Anthony Cope. Henry Cromwell.

Sir Walter Cope. John Cooper.

Sir Edward Carr. Richard Cooper.

Sir Thomas Conisbie. John Casson. [IV.132.]

Sir George Cary. Thomas Colthurst.

Sir Edward Conwey. Allen Gotten.

Sir Walter Chute. Edward Cage.

Sir Edward Culpeper. Abraham Carthwright.

Sir Henry Cary, Captaine. Robert Coppin.

Sir William Craven. Thomas Conock.

Sir Walter Covert. John Clapham.

Sir George Coppin. Thomas Church.

Sir George Chute. William Carpenter.

Sir Thomas Coventry. Laurence Campe.

Sir John Cutts. James Cambell.

Lady Cary. Christopher Cletheroe.

Company of Cloth-workers. Matthew Cooper.

Citie of Chichester. George Chamber.

Robert Chamberlaine. Captaine John Cooke.

Richard Chamberlaine. Captaine Thomas Conwey,

Francis Covill. Esquire.

William Coyse, Esquire. Edward Culpeper, Esquire.

Abraham Chamberlaine. Master William Crashaw.

Abraham Colmer. Richard Connock, Esquire.

John Culpeper. William Compton.

Edmund Colbey. William Chester.

Richard Cooper. Thomas Covel.

Robert Creswell. Richard Carmarden, Esquire.

John Cage, Esquire. William and Paul Canning.

Matthew Cave. Henry Cromwell, Esquire.

William Crowe. Simon Codrington.

Abraham Carpenter. Clement Chichley.

John Crowe. James Cullemore.

Thomas Cordell. William Cantrell.

Richard Earle of Dorset. William Dunne.

Edward Lord Denny. John Davis.

Sir John Digbie, now Lord Matthew Dequester.

Digbie. Philip Durdent.

Sir John Doderidge. Abraham Dawes.

Sir Drew Drewry the John Dike.

elder. Thomas Draper.

Sir Thomas Dennis. Lancelot Davis.

Sir Robert Drewry. Rowley Dawsey.

Sir John Davers. William Dobson Esquire.

Sir Dudley Digs. Anthony Dyot, Esquire.

Sir Marmaduke Dorrel. Avery Dranfield.

Sir Thomas Dale. Roger Dye.

Sir Thomas Denton. John Downes.

Companie of Drapers. John Drake.

Thomas Bond, Esquire. John Delbridge.

David Bent, Esquire. Benjamin Decree.

Companie of Dyers. Thomas Dyke.

Towne of Dover. Jeffery Duppa.

Master Richard Deane, Daniel Darnelly.

Alderman. Sara Draper.

Henry Dawkes. Clement and Henry Dawkney.

Edward Dichfield.

Thomas, Earle of Exeter. Hugh Evans.

Sir Thomas Everfield. Raph Ewens, Esquire.

Sir Francis Egiock. John Elkin.

Sir Robert Edolph. John Elkin.

John Eldred, Esquire. Robert Evelin.

William Evans. Nicholas Exton.

Richard Evans. John Exton.

George Etheridge.

Sir Moyle Finch. John Farrar.

Sir Henry Fanshaw. Giles Francis.

Sir Thomas Freake. Edward Fawcet.

Sir Peter Fretchuile. Richard Farrington.

Sir William Fleetwood. John Francklin. [IV.133]

Sir Henry Fane. Richard Frith.

Company of Fishmongers. John Feme.

John Fletcher. George Farmer.

John Farmer. Thomas Francis.

Martin Freeman, Esquire. John Fenner.

Ralph Freeman. Nicholas Fuller, Esquire.

William and Ralph Freeman. Thomas Foxall.

Michael Fetiplace. William Fleet.

William Fettiplace. Peter Franck, Esquire.

Thomas Forrest. Richard Fishborne.

Edward Fleetwood, Esquire. William Faldoe.

William Felgate. John Fletcher, and Company.

William Field. William Ferrars.

Nicholas Ferrar.

Lady Elizabeth Gray. Sir Thomas Gates.

Sir John Gray. Sir William Gee.

Sir William Godolfine. Sir Richard Grobham.

Sir William Garaway. John Gray.

Sir Francis Goodwin. Nicholas Griece.

Sir George Goring. Richard Goddard.

Sir Thomas Grantham. Thomas Gipps.

Company of Grocers. Peter Gates.

Company of Goldsmiths. Thomas Gibbs, Esquire.

Company of Girdlers. Laurence Greene.

John Geering. William Greenwell.

John Gardiner. Robert Garset.

Richard Gardiner. Robert Gore.

John Gilbert. Thomas Gouge.

Thomas Grave. Francis Glanvile, Esquire.

Henry, Earle of Huntington. Master Hugh Hamersley,

Lord Theophilus Haward, Alderman.

L. Walden. Master Richard Heron,

Sir John Harrington, Alderman.

L. Harington. Richard Humble, Esquire.

Sir John Hollis, now Lord Master Richard Hackleuit.

Hautein. Edward Harrison.

Sir Thomas Holecroft. George Holeman.

Sir William Harris. Robert Hill.

Sir Thomas Harefleet. Griffin Hinton.

Sir George Haiward. John Hawkins.

Sir Warwicke Heale. William Hancocke.

Sir Baptist Hicks. John Harper.

Sir John Hanham. George Hawger.

Sir Thomas Horwell. John Holt.

Sir Thomas Hewit. John Huntley.

Sir William Herrick. Jeremy Heiden.

Sir Eustace Hart. Ralph Hamer.

Sir Pory Huntley. Ralph Hamer, Junior.

Sir Arthur Harris. John Hodgeson.

Sir Edward Heron. John Hanford.

Sir Persevall Hart. Thomas Harris. [IV.134.]

Sir Ferdinando Heiborne. Richard Howell.

Sir Lawrence Hide. Thomas Henshaw.

Leonard Harwood. James Haiward.

Tristram Hill. Nicholas Hide, Esquire.

Francis Haselridge. John Hare, Esquire.

Tobias Hinson. William Hackwell, Esquire.

Peter Heightley. Gressam Hoogan.

George Hawkenson. Humfrey Hanford.

Thomas Hackshaw. William Haselden.

Charles Hawkens. Nicholas Hooker.

John Hodgis. Doctor Anthony Hunton.

William Holland. John Hodsale.

Robert Hartley. George Hooker.

Gregory Herst. Anthony Hinton.

Thomas Hodgis. John Hogsell.

William Hodgis. Thomas Hampton.

Roger Harris. William Hicks.

John Harris. William Holiland.

M. John Haiward. Ralph Harison.

Harman Harison.

Sir Thomas Jermyn. Thomas Jadwine.

Sir Robert Johnson. John Josua.

Sir Arthur Ingram. George Isam.

Sir Francis Jones. Philip Jacobson.

Company of Ironmongers. Peter Jacobson.

Company of Inholders. Thomas Juxson Senior.

Company of Imbroyderers. James Jewell.

Bailiffes of Ipswich. Gabriel Jaques.

Henry Jackson. Walter Jobson.

Richard Ironside. Edward James.

M. Robert Johnson Alderman. Zachary Jones, Esquire.

Thomas Jones. Anthony Irbye, Esquire.

William Jobson. William I-anson.

Thomas Johnson. Humfrey Jobson.

Sir Valentine Knightley. Sir Charles Kelke.

Sir Robert Killegrew. Sir John Kaile.

Richard Kirrill. Henry Kent.

John Kirrill. Towne of Kingslynne.

Raph King. John Kettleby, Esquire.

Walter Kirkham, Esquire.

Henry Earle of Lincolne. Morris Lewellin.

Robert, L. Lisle, now Earle Edward Lewis.

of Leicester. Edward Lewkin.

Thomas, Lord Laware. Peter Lodge.

Sir Francis Leigh. Thomas Layer.

Sir Richard Lowlace. Thomas Lawson.

Sir William Litton. Francis Lodge. [IV.135.]

Sir John Lewson. John Langley.

Sir William Lower. David Loide.

Sir Samuel Leonard. John Levitt.

Sir Samson Leonard. Thomas Fox and Luke

Company of Lethersellers. Lodge.

Thomas Laughton. Captaine Richard Linley.

William Lewson. Arnold Lulls.

Peter Latham. William Lawrence.

Peter Van Lore. John Landman.

Henry Leigh. Nicholas Lichfield.

Thomas Levar. Nicholas Leate.

Christofer Landman. Gedeon de Laune.

Philip Earle of Sir Peter Manhood.

Montgomerie. Sir John Merrick.

Doctor George Mountaine, Sir George More.

now Lord Bishop of Sir Robert Mansell.

Lincolne. Sir Arthur Mannering.

William Lord Mounteagle, Sir David Murrey.

now Lord Morley. Sir Edward Michelborn.

Sir Thomas Mansell. Sir Thomas Middleton.

Sir Thomas Mildmay. Sir Robert Miller.

Sir William Maynard. Sir Cavaliero Maicott.

Sir Humfrey May. Doctor James Meddus.

Richard Martin, Esquire. Josias Maude.

Company of Mercers. Richard Morton.

Company of Merchant George Mason.

Taylors. Thomas Maddock.

Otho Mowdite. Richard Moore.

Captaine John Martin. Nicholas Moone.

Arthur Mouse. Alfonsus van Medkerk.

Adrian More. Captaine Henry Meoles.

Thomas Mountford. Philip Mutes.

Thomas Morris. Thomas Mayall.

Ralph Moorton. Humfrey Marret.

Francis Mapes. Jarvis Mundz.

Richard Maplesden. Robert Mildmay.

James Monger. William Millet.

Peter Monsell. Richard Morer.

Robert Middleton. John Miller.

Thomas Maile. Thomas Martin.

John Martin. John Middleton.

Francis Middleton.

Dudly, Lord North. William Nicols.

Francis, Lord Norris. George Newce.

Sir Henry Nevill of Joseph Newberow.

Barkshire. Christopher Newgate.

Thomas Nicols. Thomas Norincott.

Christopher Nicols. Jonathan Nuttall.

Thomas Norton.

William Oxenbridge, Robert Offley.

Esquire. Francis Oliver.

William, Earle of Pembroke. Sir Christofer Parkins.

William, Lord Paget. Sir Amias Preston.

John, Lord Petre. Sir Nicholas Parker.

George Percy, Esquire. Sir William Poole.

Sir Stephen Powell. Allen Percy.

Sir Henry Peyton. Abraham Peirce.

Sir James Perrot. Edmund Peirce.

Sir John Pettus. Phenice Pet.

Sir Robert Payne. Thomas Philips.

William Payne. Henry Philpot.

John Payne. Master George Procter.

Edward Parkins. Robert Penington.

Edward Parkins his widow. Peter Peate. [IV.136.]

Aden Perkins. John Prat.

Thomas Perkin. William Powell.

Richard Partridge. Edmund Peashall.

William Palmer. Captaine William Proude.

Miles Palmer. Henry Price.

Robert Parkhurst. Nicholas Pewriffe.

Richard Percivall, Esquire. Thomas Pelham.

Richard Poyntell. Richard Piggot.

George Pretty. John Pawlet, Esquire.

George Pit. Robert Pory.

Richard Paulson.

William Quicke.

Sir Robert Rich, now Earle John Russell.

of Warwicke. Richard Rogers.

Sir Thomas Row. Arthur Robinson.

Sir Henry Rainsford. Robert Robinson.

Sir William Romney. Millicent Ramsden.

Sir John Ratcliffe. John Robinson.

Sir Steven Ridlesdon. George Robins.

Sir William Russell. Nichalas Rainton.

Master Edward Rotheram, Henry Rolffe.

Alderman. John Reignolds.

Robert Rich. Elias Roberts.

Tedder Roberts. Henry Reignolds,

Henry Robinson. Esquire.

William Roscarrocke, Humfrey Raymell.

Esquire. Richard Robins.

Henry, Earle of John Stokley.

Southampton. Richard Staper.

Thomas Earle of Suffolke. Robert Singleton.

Edward Semer, Earle of Thomas Shipton.

Hartford. Cleophas Smith.

Robert, Earle of Salisbury. Richard Strongtharm.

Mary, Countesse of Hildebrand Spruson.

Shrewsbury. Matthew Scrivener.

Edmund, Lord Sheffield. Othowell Smith.

Robert, Lord Spencer. George Scot.

John Lord Stanhope. Hewet Stapers.

Sir John Saint-John. James Swift. [IV.137.]

Sir Thomas Smith. Richard Stratford.

Sir John Samms. Edmund Smith.

Sir John Smith. Robert Smith.

Sir Edwin Sandys. Matthias Springham.

Sir Samuel Sandys. Richard Smith.

Sir Steven Some. Edward Smith.

Sir Raph Shelton. Jonathan Smith.

Sir Thomas Stewkley. Humfrey Smith.

Sir William Saint-John. John Smith.

Sir William Smith. George Swinhow.

Sir Richard Smith. Joseph Some.

Sir Martin Stutevill. William Sheckley.

Sir Nicolas Salter. John Southick.

Doctor Matthew Sutcliffe of Henry Shelley.

Exeter. Walter Shelley.

Captaine John Smith. Richard Snarsborow.

Thomas Sandys, Esquire. George Stone.

Henry Sandys, Esquire. Hugh Shepley.

George Sandys, Esquire. William Strachey.

Company of Skinners. Urion Spencer.

Company of Salters. John Scarpe.

Company of Stationers. Thomas Scott.

William Sharpe. William Seabright, Esquire.

Steven Sparrow. Nicholas Sherwell.

Thomas Stokes. Augustine Steward.

Richard Shepard. Thomas Stile.

Henry Spranger. Abraham Speckhard.

William Stonnard. Edmund Scot.

Steven Sad. Francis Smalman.

John Stockley. Gregory Sprint, Esquire.

Thomas Stevens. Thomas Stacey.

Matthew Shepard. William Sandbatch.

Thomas Sherwell. Augustine Stuard, Esquire.

Sir William Twisden. Charles Towler.

Sir William Throckmorton. William Tayler.

Sir Nicholas Tuston. Leonard Townson.

Sir John Trever. Richard Tomlins.

Sir Thomas Tracy. Francis Tate, Esquire.

George Thorpe, Esquire. Andrew Troughton.

Doctor William Turner. George Tucker.

The Trinity house. Henry Timberlake.

Richard Turner. William Tucker.

John Taverner. Lewis Tite.

Daniel Tucker. Robert Thornton.

Sir Horatio Vere. Richard Venne.

Sir Walter Vaughan. Christopher Vertue.

Henry Vincent. John Vassell.

Arthur Venne.

Henry Bishop of Worcester. Sir John Wats.

Francis West, Esquire. Sir Hugh Worrell.

Sir Ralph Winwood. Sir Edward Waterhouse.

Sir John Wentworth. Sir Thomas Wilsford.

Sir William Waad. Sir Richard Williamson.

Sir Robert Wroth. Sir John Wolstenholm.

Sir Percival Willoby. Sir Thomas Walsingham.

Sir Charles Wilmott. Sir Thomas Watson.

Sir Thomas Wilson. Richard Widowes.

Sir John Weld. David Waterhouse, Esquire.

Mistris Kath. West, now Captaine Owen Winne.

Lady Conway. Randall Wetwood.

John Wroth, Esquire. George Wilmer, Esquire.

Captaine Maria Winckfield, Edward Wilkes.

Esquire. Leonard White.

Thomas Webb. Andrew Willmer.

Rice Webb. Clement Willmer.

Edward Webb. George Walker.

Sands Webb. William Welbie.

Felix Wilson. Francis Whistler.

Thomas White. Thomas Wells.

Richard Wissen. Captaine Thomas Winne. [IV.138.]

William Williamson. John Whittingham.

Humfrey Westwood. Thomas Wheeler.

Hugh Willeston. William Willet.

Thomas Wheatley. Devereux Woogam.

William Wattey. John Walker.

William Webster. Thomas Wood.

James White. John Willes.

Edmund Winne. Nicholas Wheeler.

John West. Thomas Wale.

John Wright. William Wilston.

Edward Wooller. John Waller.

Thomas Walker. William Ward.

John Wooller. William Willeston.

John Westrow. John Water.

Edward Welch. Thomas Warr, Esquire.

Nathaniel Waad. David Wiffen.

Garret Weston.

Sir George Yeardley, now William Yong.

Governour of Virginia. Simon Yeomans.

Edward, Lord Zouch. John Zouch, Esquire.

That most generous and most honourable Lord, the Earle of Southhampton,

being pleased to take upon him the title of Treasurer, and Master John

Farrar his Deputy, with such instructions as were necessary, and

admonitions to all Officers to take heede of extortion, ingrosing

commodities, forestalling of markets, especially to have a vigilant care,

the familiarity of the Salvages living amongst them made them not way to

betray or surprize them, for the building of Guest-houses to relieve the

weake in, and that they did wonder in all this time they had made no

discoveries, nor knew no more then the very place whereon they did

inhabit, nor yet could ever see any returne for all this continuall

charge and trouble, therefore they sent to be added to the Councell seven

Gentlemen, namely Mr. Thorp, Captaine Nuce, Mr. Tracy, Captaine

Middleton, Captaine Blount, Mr. John Pountas, and Mr. Harwood, with men,

munition, and all things thought fitting, but they write from Virginia,

many of the Ships were so pestred with diseased people, & thronged

together in their passage, there was much sicknesse and a great

mortality, wherfore they desired rather a few able sufficient men well

provided, then great multitudes, and because there were few accidents of

note, but private advertisements by letters, we will conclude this yeere,

and proceed to the next. Collected out of the Councels letters for

Virginia.

A.D. 1621.

_The Earle of South-hampton Treasurer.

Master John Farrar Deputy._

_The election of Sir Francis Wyat Governour

for Virginia._ {MN-1}

_Notes worthy observation._{MN-2}

The instructions and advertisements for this yeere were both from England

and Virginia, much like the last: only whereas before they had ever a

suspicion of Opechankanough, and all the rest of the Salvages, they had

an eye over him more then any, but now they all write so confidently of

their assured peace with the Salvages, there is now no more feare nor

danger either of their power or trechery, so that every man planteth

himselfe where he pleaseth, and followeth his businesse securely.

{MN-1} But the time or Sir George Yearley being neere [IV.139.] expired,

the Councel here made choise of a worthy young Gentleman Sir Francis Wyat

to succeed him, whom they forthwith furnished and provided, as they had

done his Predecessors, with all the necessary instructions all these

times had acquainted them for the conversion of the Salvages, the

suppressing of planting Tobacco, and planting of Corne, not depending

continually to be supplied by the Salvages, but in case of necessity to

trade with them, whom long ere this, it hath beene promised and expected

should have beene fed and relieved by the English, not the English by

them; and carefully to redresse all the complaints of the needlesse

mortality of their people, and by all diligence seeke to send something

home to satisfie the Adventurers, that all this time had only lived upon

hopes, grew so weary and discouraged, that it must now be substance that

must maintaine their proceedings, & not letters, excuses and promises;

seeing they could get so much and such great estates for themselves,

{MN-2} as to spend after the rate of 100. pounds, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,

10. nay some 2000. or 3000. pounds yearely, that were not worth so many

pence when they went to Virginia, can scarce containe themselves either

in diet, apparell, gaming, and all manner of such superfluity, within a

lesse compasse than our curious, costly, and consuming Gallants here in

England, which cannot possibly be there supported, but either by

oppressing the Comminalty there, or deceiving the generality here (or

both.) Extracted out of the Councels Letters for Virginia.

_A degression_

From Virginia, by the relations of the Chieftains there, & many I have

conferred with, that came from thence hither, I have much admired to

heare of the incredible pleasure, profit and plenty this Plantation doth

abound in, and yet could never heare of any returne but Tobacco, but it

hath oft amazed me to understand how strangely the Salvages hath beene

taught the use of our armes, and imploied in hunting and fowling with our

fowling peeces, and our men rooting in the ground about Tobacco like

Swine; besides that, the Salvages that doe little but continually

exercise their bow and arrowes, should dwell and lie so familiarly

amongst our men that practised little but the Spade, being so farre

asunder, and in such small parties dispersed, and neither Fort, exercise

of armes used, Ordnances mounted, Courts of guard, nor any preparation

nor provision to prevent a forraine enemy, much more the Salvages

howsoever; for the Salvages uncertaine conformity I doe not wonder, but

for their constancy and conversion, I am and ever have beene of the

opinion of Master Jonas Stockam a Minister in Virginia, who even at this

time, when all things were so prosperous, and the Salvages at the point

of conversion, against all their Governours and Councels opinions, writ

to the Councell and Company in England to this effect.

May 28.

_Master Stockams Relation._

We that have left our native country to sojourne in a strange land, some

idle spectators, who either cowardly dare not, or covetously will not

adventure either their purses or persons in so commendable a worke;

others supporting Atlas of this almost unsupportable burdens as your

selves, without whose assistance this Virginia Firmament (in which some)

and I hope in short time will shine many more glorious Starres, though

there be many Italiannated and Spaniolized Englishmen envies our

prosperities, and by all their ignominious scandals they can devise

seekes to dishearten what they can, those that are willing to further

this glorious enterprize, to such I wish according to the decree of

Darius, that whosoever is an enemy to our peace, and seeketh either by

getting monipolicall patens, or by forging unjust tales to hinder our

welfare, that his house were pulled downe, and a paire of gallowes made

of the wood, and he hanged on them in the place.

As for those lasie servants, who had rather stand all day idle, than

worke, though but an houre in this Vineyard, and spend their substance

riotously, than cast the superfluity of their wealth into your Treasury,

I leave them as they are to the eternall Judge of the world. But you

right worthy, that hath adventured so freely, I will not examine, if it

were for the glory of God, or your [IV.140.] desire of gaine, which it

may be you expect should flow unto you with a full tide, for the

conversion of the Salvages: I wonder you use not the meanes, I confesse

you say well to have them converted by faire meanes, but they scorne to

acknowledge it, as for the gifts bestowed on them they devoure them, and

so they would the givers if they could, and though many have endevoured

by all the meanes they could by kindnesse to convert them, they finde

nothing from them but derision and ridiculous answers. We have sent boies

amongst them to learne their Language, but they returne worse than they

went; but I am no States-man, nor love I to meddle with any thing but my

Bookes, but I can finde no probability by this course to draw them to

goodnesse; and I am perswaded if Mars and Minerva goe hand in hand, they

will effect more good in an houre, then those verball Mercurians in their

lives, and till their Priests and Ancients have their throats cut, there

is no hope to bring them to conversion.

The government of Sir Francis Wyat.

_The arrivall of Sir Francis Wyat._

About October arrived Sir Francis Wyat, with Master George Sands,

appointed Treasurer, Master Davison Secretary, Doctor Pot the Physician,

and Master Cloyburne the Surgian, but much provision was very badly

conditioned, nay the Hogs would not eat that Corne they brought, which

was a great cause of their sicknesse and mortality, and whatsoever is

said against the Virginia Corne, they finde it doth better nourish than

any provision is sent thither; the Sailers still they complaine are much

to blame for imbesling the provisions sent to private men, killing of

Swine, and disorderly trucking; for which some order would be taken.

_Master Gookins Plantation._ {MN}

In them nine Ships that went with Sir Francis Wyat not one Passenger

died, at his arrivall he sent Master Thorpe to Opechancanough, whom hee

found much satisfied with his comming, to confirme their leagues as he

had done his Predecessors, and so contented his people should coinhabit

amongst them, and hee found more motions of Religion in him than could be

imagined: every man betaking himselfe to his quarter, it was ordered,

that for every head they should plant but 1000. Plants of Tobacco, and

upon each plant nine leaves, which will be about 100. weight, the Corne

being appointed but at two shillings & six pence the bushell, required

such labour, it caused most men neglect it, and depend upon trade; where

were it rated at ten shillings the bushell, every man would indevour to

have plenty to sell to the new commers, or any that wanted, and seldome

any is transported from England, but it standeth in as much, besides the

hazard and other necessaries, the Ships might transport of that burden.

{MN} The 22. of November arrived Master Gookin out of Ireland, with fifty

men of his owne, and thirty Passengers, exceedingly well furnished with

all sorts of provision and cattle, and planted himselfe at Nupors-newes:

the Cotten trees in a yeere grew so thicke as ones arme, and so high as a

man: here any thing that is planted doth prosper so well as in no place

better. For the mortality of the people accuse not the place, for of the

old Planters and the families scarce one of twenty miscarries, onely the

want of necessaries are the occasions of those diseases. And so wee will

conclude this yeere with the shipping and numbers sent. Out of the

Councels Letters from Virginia.

_The number of Ships and men._

This yeere was sent one and twenty saile of Ships that imployed more than

400. sailers and 1300. men, women and children of divers faculties, with

foure-score cattle; the Tiger fell in the Turkes hands, yet safely

escaped, and by the returne of their letters from thence, the company is

assured there can bee no fitter places of Mines, Wood and Water for Iron

than there; and the French men affirme no Country is more proper for

Vines, Olives, Sike, Rice and Salt, &c. of which the next yeere they

promise a good quantity.

Gifts. [IV.141]

_Gifts given._

_Patents granted._ {MN}

The Gentlemen and Mariners that came in the Royall James from the

East-Indies, gave towards the building of a free Schoole 70 pound, eight

shillings, and six pence; and an unknowne person to further it, sent

thirtie pounds; and another in like manner five & twentie pounds; another

refusing to be made knowne, gave fortie shillings yeerely for a Sermon

before the Virginia companie: also another that would not be knowne, sent

for the College at Henrico, many excellent good religious bookes, worth

ten pound, & a most curious Map of al that coast of America. Master

Thomas Bargave their Preacher there deceased, gave a Librarie valued at

one hundred Markes: and the Inhabitants hath made a contribution of one

thousand and five hundred pounds, to build a house for the entertaining

of strangers. {MN} This yeere also there was much suing for Patents for

Plantations, who promised to transport such great multitudes of people:

there was much disputing concerning those divisions, as though the whole

land had beene too little for them: six and twentie obtained their

desires, but as yet not past six hath sent thither a man; notwithstanding

many of them would have more, and are not well contented; whom I would

intreat, and all other wranglers, to peruse this saying of honest

Claudius.

See'st not the world of Natures worke, the fairest well, I wot,

How it, it selfe together ties, as in a true-loves knot.

Nor seest how th' Elements ayre combin'd, maintaine one constant plea,

How midst of heaven contents the Sunne, and shore containes the sea;

And how the aire both compasseth, and carrieth still earths frame,

Yet neither pressing burdens it, nor parting leaves the same.

The observations of Master John Pory Secretarie

of Virginia, in his travels.

_My journey to the Easterne shore._

_A good place to make salt in._ {MN}

Having but ten men meanly provided to plant the Secretaries land on the

Easterne shore neere Acomack (Captaine Wilcocks plantation, the better to

secure and assist each other). Sir George Yearley intending to visit

Smiths Iles, fell so sicke that he could not, so that he sent me with

Estinien Moll a French-man, to finde a convenient place to make salt in.

Not long after Namenacus the King of Pawtuxunt, came to us to seeke for

Thomas Salvage our Interpreter. Thus insinuating himselfe, he led us into

a thicket, where all sitting downe, he shewed us his naked brest; asking

if we saw any deformitie upon it, we told him, No; No more, said hee, is

the inside, but as sincere and pure; therefore come freely to my Countrie

and welcome: which wee promised wee would within six weekes after. Having

taken a muster of the companies tenants, {MN} I went to Smiths Iles,

where was our Salt-house: not farre off wee found a more convenient

place, and so returned to James towne.

_The King of Pawtuxunts entertainment._ {MN}

Being furnished the second time, wee arrived at Aquohanock, and

conferred with Kiptopeke their King. Passing Russels Ile and Onavcoke, we

arrived at Pawtuxunt: the discription of those places, you may reade in

Captaine Smiths discoveries, therefore needlesse to bee writ againe. But

here arriving at Attoughcomoco the habitation of Namenacus and Wamanato,

his brother, {MN} long wee staied not ere they came aboord us with a

brasse Kettle, as bright without as within, ful of boyled Oisters. Strict

order was given none should offend us, so that the next day I went with

the two Kings a hunting, to discover what I could in their confines.

Wamanato brought mee first to his house, where hee shewed mee his wife

and children, and many Corne-fields; and being two miles within the woods

a hunting, as the younger conducted [IV.142.] me forth, so the elder

brought me home, and used me as kindly as he could, after their manner.

The next day he presented me twelve Bever skinnes and a Canow, which I

requited with such things to his content, that he promised to keepe them

whilst hee lived, and burie them with him being dead. Hee much wondered

at our Bible, but much more to heare it was the Law of our God, and the

first Chapter of Genesis expounded of Adam and Eve, and simple mariage;

to which he replyed, hee was like Adam in one thing, for he never had but

one wife at once: but he as all the rest, seemed more willing of other

discourses they better understood. The next day the two Kings with their

people, came aboord us, but brought nothing according to promise; so that

Ensigne Salvage challenged Namenacus the breach of three promises, viz.

not in giving him a Boy, nor Corne, though they had plentie, nor

Moutapass a fugitive, called Robert Marcum, that had lived 5. yeeres

amongst those northerly nations, which hee cunningly answered by excuses.

Womanato it seemes, was guiltlesse of this falshood, because hee staied

alone when the rest were gone. I asked him if he desired to bee great and

rich; he answered, They were things all men aspired unto: which I told

him he should be, if he would follow my counsell, so he gave me two

tokens, which being returned by a messenger, should suffice to make him

confident the messenger could not abuse us.

_The treacherie of Namanicus._ {MN}

Some things being stolne from us, he tooke such order that they were

presently restored, then we interchanged presents: in all things hee much

admired our discretions, and gave us a guide that hee called brother, to

conduct us up the River: by the way we met with divers that stil tould us

of Marcum: and though it was in October, we found the Countrie very hot,

and their Corne gathered before ours at James towne. {MN} The next day we

went to Paccamaganant, and they directed us to Assacomoco, where their

King Cassatowap had an old quarrell with Ensigne Salvage, but now seeming

reconciled, went with us, with another Werowance towards Mattapanient,

where they perswaded us ashore upon the point of a thicket; but supposing

it some trecherie, we returned to our boat: farre we had not gone from

the shore, but a multitude of Salvages sallied out of the wood, with all

the ill words and signes of hostilitie they could. When wee saw plainly

their bad intent, wee set the two Werowances at libertie, that all this

while had line in the Cabbin, as not taking any notice of their villanie,

because we would convert them by courtesie. Leaving them as we found

them, very civill and subtill, wee returned the same way wee came, to the

laughing Kings on the Easterne shore, who told us plainly, Namanicus

would also have allured him into his Countrie, under colour of trade to

cut his throat. Hee told us also Opechancanough had imployed Onianimo to

kill Salvage, because he brought the trade from him to the Easterne shore,

and some disgrace hee had done his sonne, and some thirteene of his people

before one hundred of those Easterlings in rescuing Thomas Graves whom

they would have slaine, where hee and three more did challenge the

thirteene Pamaunkes to fight, but they durst not, so that all those

Easterlings so derided them, that they came there no more.

_Thomas Salvages good service._

This Thomas Salvage, it is sixteene yeeres since he went to Virginia,

being a boy, hee was left with Powhatan, for Namontacke to learne the

language, and as this Author affirmeth, with much honestie and good

successe hath served the publike without any publike recompence, yet had

an arrow shot through body in their service. This laughing King at

Accomack, tels us the land is not two daies journy over in the broadest

place, but in some places a man may goe in halfe a day, betwixt the Bay

and the maine Ocean, where inhabit many people, so that by the

narrownesse of the Land there is not many Deere, but most abundance of

Fish and Fowle. Kiptope his brother rules as his Lieutenant, who seeing

his younger brother more affected by the people than himselfe, freely

resigned him the moitie of his Countrie, applying himselfe onely to

husbandry and hunting, yet nothing neglected in his degree, nor is hee

carelesse of any thing concernes the state, but as a vigilant and

faithfull Counceller, as hee is an affectionated Brother, bearing the

greater burden in government, though the lesser honour, where cleane

[IV.143.] contrary they on the Westerne shore, the younger beares the

charge, and the elder the dignitie. Those are the best husbands of any

Salvages we know: for they provide Corne to serve them all the yeare, yet

spare; and the other not for halfe the yeare, yet want. They are the most

civill and tractable people we have met with, and by little sticks will

keepe as just an account of their promises, as by a tally. In their

mariages they observe a large distance, as well in affinitie as

consanguinitie; nor doe they use that devillish custome in making black

Boyes. There may be on this shore about two thousand people: they on the

West would invade them, but that they want Boats to crosse the Bay, and

so would divers other Nations, were they not protected by us. A few of the

Westerly Runnagados had conspired against the laughing King, but fearing

their treason was discovered, fled to Smiths Iles, where they made a

massacre of Deere and Hogges; and thence to Rickahake, betwixt Cissapeack

and Nansamund, where they now are seated under the command of Itoyatin,

and so I returned to James Towne, where I found the government rendred to

Sir Francis Wyat. In February also he travelled to the South River

Chawonock, some sixtie miles over land, which he found to be a very

fruitfull and pleasant Country, yeelding two harvests in a yeare, and

found much of the Silke grasse formerly spoken of, was kindly used by the

people, and so returned.

Captaine Each sent to build a Fort to secure

the Countrey.

A.D. 1622.

_The Earl of Southampton Treasurer,

and Nicolas Farrar Deputy._

_Five and twentie sent only to build Barks and boats._ {MN}

It was no small content to all the Adventurers to heare of the safe

arivall of all those ships and companies, which was thought sufficient to

have made a Plantation of themselves: and againe to second them, was sent

Captaine Each in the Abigale, a ship of three or foure hundred tunnes,

who hath undertaken to make a Blockhouse amongst the Oyster banks, that

shall secure the River. The furnishing him with Instruments, cost three

hundred pounds; but the whole charge and the ships returne, will be neere

two thousand pounds. {MN} In her went Captaine Barwicke with five and

twentie men for the building ships and Boats, and not other waies to be

imploied: and also a selected number to build the East Indie Schoole, but

as yet from Virginia little returnes but private mens Tobacco, and faire

promises of plentie of Iron, Silke, Wine, and many other good and rich

commodities, besides the speedy conversion of the Salvages, that at first

were much discouraged from living amongst them, when they were debarred

the use of their peeces; therefore it was disputed as a matter of State,

whether such as would live amongst them should use them or not, as a bait

to allure them; or at least such as should bee called to the knowledge of

Christ. But because it was a great trouble for all causes to be brought

to James Towne for a triall, Courts were appointed in convenient places

to releeve them: but as they can make no Lawes in Virginia till they be

ratified here; so they thinke it but reason, none should bee inacted here

without their consents, because they onely feele them, and must live under

them. Still they complaine for want of Corne, but what must be had by

Trade, and how unwilling any Officer when he leaveth his place, is to make

good his number of men to his Successor, but many of them during their

times to help themselves, undoes the Company: for the servants you allow

them, or such as they hire, they plant on their private Lands, not upon

that belongeth to their office, which crop alwaies exceeds yours, besides

those which are your tenants to halfes, are forced to row them up and

downe, whereby both you and they lose more then halfe. Nor are those

officers the ablest or best deserving, but make their experience upon the

companies cost, and your land lies unmanured to any purpose, and will

yeeld as little profit to your next new officers.

The massacre upon the two and twentieth [IV.144.]

of March.

_The death of Nemattanow writ by M. Wimp._

The Prologue to this Tragedy, is supposed was occasioned by Nemattanow,

otherwise called Jack Nemattanow of the Feather, because hee commonly was

most strangely adorned with them; and for his courage and policy, was

accounted amongst the Salvages their chiefe Captaine, and immortall from

any hurt could bee done him by the English. This Captaine comming to one

Morgans house, knowing he had many commodities that hee desired, perswaded

Morgan to goe with him to Pamaunke to trucke, but the Salvage murdered him

by the way; and after two or three daies returned againe to Morgans house,

where he found two youths his Servants, who asked for their Master: Jack

replied directly he was dead; the Boyes suspecting as it was, by seeing

him weare his Cap, would have had him to Master Thorp: But Jack so moved

their patience, they shot him, so he fell to the ground, put him in a Boat

to have him before the Governor, then seven or eight miles from them. But

by the way Jack finding the pangs of death upon him, desired of the Boyes

two things; the one was, that they would not make it knowne hee was slaine

with a bullet; the other, to bury him amongst the English. At the losse of

this Salvage Opechankanough much grieved and repined, with great threats

of revenge; but the English returned him such terrible answers, that he

cunningly dissembled his intent, with the greatest signes he could of love

and peace, yet within foureteene daies after he acted what followeth.

_Security a bad guard._

Sir Francis Wyat at his arrivall was advertised, he found the Countrey

setled in such a firme peace, as most men there thought sure and

unviolable, not onely in regard of their promises, but of a necessitie.

The poore weake Salvages being every way bettered by us, and safely

sheltred and defended, whereby wee might freely follow our businesse: and

such was the conceit of this conceited peace, as that there was seldome or

never a sword, and seldomer a peece, except for a Deere or Fowle, by which

assurances the most plantations were placed straglingly and scatteringly,

as a choice veine of rich ground invited them, and further from neighbours

the better. Their houses generally open to the Salvages, who were alwaies

friendly fed at their tables, and lodged in their bed-chambers, which made

the way plaine to effect their intents, and the conversion of the Salvages

as they supposed.

_The manner of the massacre._ {MN}

Having occasion to send to Opechankanough about the middle of March, hee

used the Messenger well, and told him he held the peace so firme, the sky

should fall or he dissolved it; yet such was the treachery of those

people, when they had contrived our destruction, even but two daies before

the massacre, they guided our men with much kindnesse thorow the woods,

and one Browne that lived among them to learne the language, they sent

home to his Master; yea, they borrowed our Boats to transport themselves

over the River, to consult on the devillish murder that insued, and of our

utter extirpation, which God of his mercy (by the meanes of one of

themselves converted to Christianitie) prevented, and as well on the

Friday morning that fatall day, being the two and twentieth of March, {MN}

as also in the evening before, as at other times they came unarmed into

our houses, with Deere, Turkies, Fish, Fruits, and other provisions to

sell us, yea in some places sat downe at breakfast with our people, whom

immediatly with their owne tooles they slew most barbarously, not sparing

either age or sex, man woman or childe, so sudden in their execution, that

few or none discerned the weapon or blow that brought them to destruction:

In which manner also they slew many of our people at severall works in the

fields, well knowing in what places and quarters each of our men were, in

regard of their familiaritie with us, for the effecting that great

master-peece of worke their conversion; and by this meanes fell that

fatall morning under the bloudy and barbarous hands of that perfidious and

inhumane people, [IV.145.] three hundred forty seven men, women and

children, most by their owne weapons, and not being content with their

lives, they fell againe upon the dead bodies, making as well as they could

a fresh murder, defacing, dragging, and mangling their dead carkases into

many peeces, and carying some parts away in derision, with base and

brutish triumph.

_Their cruelty._

Neither yet did these beasts spare those amongst the rest well knowne unto

them, from whom they had daily received many benefits, but spightfully

also massacred them without any remorse or pitie; being in this more fell

then Lions and Dragons, as Histories record, which have preserved their

Benefactors; such is the force of good deeds, though done to cruell

beasts, to take humanitie upon them, but these miscreants put on a more

unnaturall brutishnesse then beasts, as by those instances may appeare.

_The murder of Master Thorp._

That worthy religious Gentleman M. George Thorp, Deputie to the College

lands, sometimes one of his Majesties Pensioners, & in command one of the

principall in Virginia; did so truly affect their conversion, that

whosoever under him did them the least displeasure, were punished

severely. He thought nothing too deare for them, he never denied them any

thing, in so much that when they complained that our Mastives did feare

them, he to content them in all things, caused some of them to be killed

in their presence, to the great displeasure of the owners, and would have

had all the rest guelt to make them the milder, might he have had his

will. The King dwelling but in a Cottage, he built him a faire house after

the English fashion, in which he tooke such pleasure, especially in the

locke and key, which he so admired, as locking and unlocking his doore a

hundred times a day, he thought no device in the world comparable to it.

_The slaughter of Captaine Powell._ {MN-1}

_A Salvage slaine._ {MN-2}

_M. Baldwins escape._ {MN-3}

_M. Thomas Hamer with 22 escapeth._ {MN-4}

Thus insinuating himselfe into this Kings favour for his religious

purpose, he conferred oft with him about Religion, as many other in this

former Discourse had done, and this Pagan confessed to him as he did to

them, our God was better then theirs, and seemed to be much pleased with

that Discourse, and of his company, and to requite all those courtesies;

yet this viperous brood did, as the sequell shewed, not onely murder him,

but with such spight and scorne abused his dead corps as is unfitting

to be heard with civill eares. One thing I cannot omit, that when this

good Gentleman upon his fatall houre, was warned by his man, who

perceiving some treachery intended by those hell-hounds, to looke to

himselfe, and withall ran away for feare he should be apprehended, and

so saved his owne life; yet his Master out of his good meaning was so

void of suspition and full of confidence, they had slaine him, or he

could or would beleeve they would hurt him. {MN-1} Captaine Nathaniel

Powell one of the first Planters, a valiant Souldier, and not any in the

Countrey better knowne amongst them; yet such was the error of an

over-conceited power and prosperitie, and their simplicities, they not

onely slew him and his family, but butcher-like hagled their bodies, and

cut off his head, to expresse their uttermost height of cruelty. {MN-2}

Another of the old company of Captaine Smith, called Nathaniel Causie,

being cruelly wounded, and the Salvages about him, with an axe did cleave

one of their heads, whereby the rest fled and he escaped: for they hurt

not any that did either fight or stand upon their guard. In one place

where there was but two men that had warning of it, they defended the

house against 60. or more that assaulted it. {MN-3} M. Baldwin at

Warraskoyack, his wife being so wounded, she lay for dead, yet by his oft

discharging of his peece, saved her, his house, himselfe, & divers others.

At the same time they came to one Master Harisons house, neere halfe a

mile from Baldwines, {MN-4} where was Master Thomas Hamer with six men,

and eighteene or nineteene women and children. Here the Salvages with many

presents and faire perswasions, fained they came for Capt. Ralfe Hamer to

go to their King, then hunting in the woods, presently they sent to him,

but he not comming as they expected, set fire of a Tobacco-house, and then

came to tell them in the dwelling house of it to quench it; all the men

ran towards it, but Master Hamer not suspecting any thing, whom the

Salvages pursued, [IV.146.] shot them full of arrowes, then beat out their

braines. Hamer having finished a letter hee was a writing, followed after

to see what was the matter, but quickly they shot an arrow in his back,

which caused him returne and barricado up the doores, whereupon the

Salvages set fire on the house. Harisons Boy finding his Masters peece

loaded, discharged it at randome, at which bare report the Salvages all

fled, Baldwin still discharging his peece, and Mr. Hamer with two and

twentie persons thereby got to his house, leaving their owne burning. In

like manner, they had fired Lieutenant Basse his house, with all the rest

there about, slaine the people, and so left that Plantation.

_Captaine Ralfe Hamer with forty escapeth._

Captaine Hamer all this while not knowing any thing, comming to his

Brother that had sent for him to go hunt with the King, meeting the

Salvages chasing some, yet escaped, retired to his new house then a

building, from whence he came; there onely with spades, axes, and

brickbats, he defended himselfe and his Company till the Salvages

departed. Not long after, the Master from the ship had sent six

Musketiers, with which he recovered their Merchants store-house, where he

armed ten more, and so with thirtie more unarmed workmen, found his

Brother and the rest at Baldwins: Now seeing all they had was burnt and

consumed, they repaired to James Towne with their best expedition; yet not

far from Martins hundred, where seventy three were slaine, was a little

house and a small family, that heard not of any of this till two daies

after.

_The Salvages attempt to surprise a ship._ {MN}

All those, and many others whom they have as maliciously murdered, sought

the good of those poore brutes, that thus despising Gods mercies, must

needs now as miscreants be corrected by Justice: to which leaving them, I

will knit together the thred of this discourse. {MN} At the time of the

massacre, there were three or foure ships in James River, and one in the

next, and daily more to come in, as there did within foureteene daies

after, one of which they indevoured to have surprised: yet were the

hearts of the English ever stupid, and averted from beleeving any thing

might weaken their hopes, to win them by kinde usage to Christianitie. But

divers write from thence, that Almighty God hath his great worke in this

Tragedy, and will thereout draw honor and glory to his name, and a more

flourishing estate and safetie to themselves, and with more speed to

convert the Salvage children to himselfe, since he so miraculously hath

preserved the English; there being yet, God be praised, eleven parts of

twelve remaining, whose carelesse neglect of their owne safeties, seemes

to have beene the greatest cause of their destructions: yet you see, God

by a converted Salvage that disclosed the plot, saved the rest, and the

Pinnace then in Pamaunkes River, whereof (say they) though our sinnes made

us unworthy of so glorious a conversion, yet his infinite wisdome can

neverthelesse bring it to passe, and in good time, by such meanes as we

thinke most unlikely: for in the delivery of them that survive, no mans

particular carefulnesse saved one person, but the meere goodnesse of God

himselfe, freely and miraculously preserving whom he pleased.

The Letters of Master George Sands, a worthy Gentleman, and many others

besides them returned, brought us this unwelcome newes, that hath beene

heard at large in publike Court, that the Indians and they lived as one

Nation, yet by a generall combination in one day plotted to subvert the

whole Colony, and at one instant, though our severall Plantations were one

hundred and fortie miles up on River on both sides.

But for the better understanding of all things, you must remember these

wilde naked natives live not in great numbers together, but dispersed,

commonly in thirtie, fortie, fiftie, or sixtie in a company. Some places

have two hundred, few places more, but many lesse; yet they had all

warning given them one from another in all their habitations, though

farre asunder, to meet at the day and houre appointed for our destruction

at al our several Plantations; some directed to one place, some to

another, all to be done at the time appointed, which they did accordingly:

Some entring their houses under colour of trading, so tooke their

advantage; others drawing us [IV.147.] abroad under faire pretences, and

the rest suddenly falling upon those that were at their labours.

_Six of the Councell slaine._

Six of the counsell suffered under this treason, and the slaughter had

beene universall, if God had not put it into the heart of an Indian, who

lying in the house of one Pace, was urged by another Indian his Brother,

that lay with him the night before to kill Pace, as he should doe Perry

which was his friend, being so commanded from their King; telling him also

how the next day the execution should be finished: Perrys Indian presently

arose and reveales it to Pace, that used him as his sonne; and thus them

that escaped was saved by this one converted Infidell. And though three

hundred fortie seven were slaine, yet thousands of ours were by the

meanes of this alone thus preserved, for which Gods name be praised for

ever and ever.

_How it was revealed._

Pace upon this, securing his house, before day rowed to James Towne, and

told the Governor of it, whereby they were prevented, and at such other

Plantations as possibly intelligence could be given: and where they saw us

upon our guard, at the sight of a peece they ranne away; but the rest were

most slaine, their houses burnt, such Armes and Munition as they found

they tooke away, and some cattell also they destroied. Since wee finde

Opechankanough the last yeare had practised with a King on the Easterne

shore, to furnish him with a kind of poison, which onely growes in his

Country to poison us. But of this bloudy acte never griefe and shame

possessed any people more then themselves, to be thus butchered by so

naked and cowardly a people, who dare not stand the presenting of a staffe

in manner of a peece, nor an uncharged peece in the hands of a woman.

(But I must tell those Authors, though some might be thus cowardly, there

were many of them had better spirits.)

_Memorandums._

_Captaine Smith._ {MN}

Thus have you heard the particulars of this massacre, which in those

respects some say will be good for the Plantation, because now we have

just cause to destroy them by all meanes possible: but I thinke it had

beene much better it had never happened; for they have given us an hundred

times as just occasions long agoe to subject them, (and I wonder I can

heare of none but Master Stockam and Master Whitaker of my opinion.)

Moreover, where before we were troubled in cleering the ground of great

Timber, which was to them of small use: now we may take their owne plaine

fields and Habitations, which are the pleasantest places in the Countrey.

Besides, the Deere, Turkies, and other Beasts and Fowles will exceedingly

increase if we beat the Salvages out of the Countrey, for at all times of

the yeare they never spare Male nor Female, old nor young, egges nor

birds, fat nor leane, in season or out of season with them, all is one.

The like they did in our Swine and Goats, for they have used to kill eight

in tenne more then we, or else the wood would most plentifully abound with

victuall; besides it is more easie to civilize them by conquest then faire

meanes; for the one may be made at once, but their civilizing will require

a long time and much industry. The manner how to suppresse them is so

often related and approved, I omit it here: And you have twenty examples

of the Spaniards how they got the West-Indies, and forced the treacherous

and rebellious Infidels to doe all manner of drudgery worke and slavery

for them, themselves living like Souldiers upon the fruits of their

labours. {MN} This will make us more circumspect, and be an example to

posteritie: (But I say, this might as well have beene put in practise

sixteene yeares agoe as now.)

_His Majesties gift._ {MN-1}

_London sets out 100. persons._ {MN-2}

Thus upon this Anvill shall wee now beat our selves an Armour of proofe

hereafter to defend us against such incursions, and ever hereafter make us

more circumspect: {MN-1} but to helpe to repaire this losse, besides his

Majesties bounty in Armes, he gave the Company out of the Tower, and

divers other Honorable persons have renewed their adventures, we must not

omit the Honorable Citie of London, {MN-2} to whose endlesse praise wee

may speake it, are now setting forward one hundred persons, and divers

others at their owne costs are a repairing, and all good [IV.148.] men doe

thinke never the worse of the businesse for all these disasters.

_A lamentable example, too oft approved._ {MN}

What growing state was there ever in the world which had not the like?

Rome grew by oppression, and rose upon the backe of her enemies: and the

Spaniards have had many of those counterbuffes, more than we. Columbus,

upon his returne from the West-Indies into Spaine, having left his people

with the Indies, in peace and promise of good usage amongst them, at his

returne backe found not one of them living, but all treacherously slaine

by the Salvages. After this againe, when the Spanish Colonies were

increased to great numbers, {MN} the Indians from whom the Spaniards for

trucking stuffe used to have all their corne, generally conspired together

to plant no more at all, intending thereby to famish them; themselves

living in the meane time upon Cassava, a root to make bread, onely then

knowne to themselves. This plot of theirs by the Spaniards oversight,

that foolishly depended upon strangers for their bread, tooke such effect,

and brought them to such misery by the rage of famine, that they spared no

uncleane nor loathsome beast, no not the poisonous and hideous Serpents,

but eat them up also, devouring one death to save them from another; and

by this meanes their whole Colony well-neere surfeted, sickned and died

miserably, and when they had againe recovered this losse, by their

incontinency an infinite number of them died on the Indian disease, we

call the French Pox, which at first being a strange and an unknowne

malady, was deadly upon whomsoever it lighted: then had they a little

flea called Nigua, which got betweene the skinne and the flesh before they

were aware, and there bred and multiplied, making swellings and

putrifactions, to the decay and losse of many of their bodily members.

_Note this conclusion._ {MN}

Againe, divers times they were neere undone by their ambition, faction,

and malice of the Commanders. Columbus, to whom they were also much

beholden, was sent with his Brother in chaines into Spaine; and some other

great Commanders killed and murdered one another. Pizzaro was killed by

Almagros sonne, and him Vasco beheaded, which Vasco was taken by Blasco,

and Blasco was likewise taken by Pizzaros Brother: And thus by their

covetous and spightfull quarrels, they were ever shaking the maine pillars

of their Common-weale. These and many more mischiefes and calamities

hapned them, more then ever did to us, and at one time being even at the

last gaspe, had two ships not arrived with supplies as they did, they were

so disheartned, they were a leaving the Countrey: yet we see for all those

miseries they have attained to their ends at last, as is manifest to all

the world, both with honour, power, and wealth: and whereas before few

could be hired to goe to inhabit there, now with great sute they must

obtaine it; {MN} but where there was no honesty, nor equity, nor

sanctitie, nor veritie, nor pietie, nor good civilitie in such a Countrey,

certainly there can bee no stabilitie.

_How the Spaniards raise their wealth in the West Indies._ {MN}

Therefore let us not be discouraged, but rather animated by those

conclusions, seeing we are so well assured of the goodnesse and

commodities may bee had in Virginia, nor is it to be much doubted there is

any want of Mines of most sorts, no not of the richest, as is well knowne

to some yet living that can make it manifest when time shall serve: and

yet to thinke that gold and silver Mines are in a country otherwise most

rich and fruitfull, or the greatest wealth in a Plantation, is but a

popular error, as is that opinion likewise, that the gold and silver is

now the greatest wealth of the West Indies at this present. {MN} True it

is indeed, that in the first conquest the Spaniards got great and mighty

store of treasure from the Natives, which they in long space had heaped

together, and in those times the Indians shewed them entire and rich

Mines, which now by the relations of them that have beene there, are

exceedingly wasted, so that now the charge of getting those Metals is

growne excessive, besides the consuming the lives of many by their

pestilent smoke and vapours in digging and refining them, so that all

things considered, the cleere gaines of those metals, the Kings part

defraied, to the Adventurers is but small, and nothing neere so much as

vulgarly is imagined; and were it not for other rich Commodities there

that inrich [IV.149.] them, those of the Contraction house were never able

to subsist by the Mines onely; for the greatest part of their Commodities

are partly naturall, and partly transported from other parts of the world,

and planted in the West-Indies, as in their mighty wealth of Sugarcanes,

being first transported from the Canaries; and in Ginger and other things

brought out of the East-Indies, in their Cochanele, Indicos, Cotton, and

their infinite store of Hides, Quick-silver, Allum, Woad, Brasill woods,

Dies, Paints, Tobacco, Gums, Balmes, Giles, Medicinals and Perfumes,

Sassaparilla and many other physicall drugs: These are the meanes whereby

they raise that mighty charge of drawing out their gold and silver to the

great & cleare revenue of their King. Now seeing the most of those

commodities, or as usefull, may be had in Virginia by the same meanes, as

I have formerly said; let us with all speed take the priority of time,

where also may be had the priority of place, in chusing the best seats of

the Country, which now by vanquishing the salvages, is like to offer a

more faire and ample choice of fruitfull habitations, then hitherto our

gentlenesse and faire comportments could attaine unto.

A.D. 1622.

The numbers that were slaine in those severall

Plantations.

1 At Captaine Berkleys Plantation, himselfe and 21. others,

seated at the Falling-Crick, 66. miles from James City. 22

2 Master Thomas Sheffelds Plantation, some three miles from

the Falling-Crick, himselfe and 12. others. 13

3 At Henrico Iland, about two miles from Sheffelds Plantation. 6

4 Slaine of the College people, twenty miles from Henrico. 17

5 At Charles City, and of Captaine Smiths men. 5

6 At the next adjoyning Plantation. 8

7 At William Farrars house. 10

8 At Brickley hundred, fifty miles from Charles City, Master

Thorp and 10

9 At Westover, a mile from Brickley. 2

10 At Master John Wests Plantation. 2

11 At Captaine Nathaniel Wests Plantation. 2

12 At Lieutenant Gibs his Plantation. 12

13 At Richard Owens house, himselfe and 6

14 At Master Owen Macars house, himselfe and 3

15 At Martins hundred, seven miles from James City 73

16 At another place. 7

17 At Edward Bonits Plantation. 50

18 At Master Waters his house, himselfe and 4

19 At Apamatucks River, at Master Perce his Plantation, five

miles from the College. 4

20 At Master Macocks Divident, Captaine Samuel Macock, and 4

21 At Flowerda hundred, Sir George Yearleys Plantation. 6

22 On the other side opposite to it. 7

23 At Master Swinhows house, himselfe and 7

24 At Master William Bickars house, himselfe and 4

25 At Weanock, of Sir George Yearleys people. 21

26 At Powel Brooke, Captaine Nathaniel Powel, and 12

27 At South-hampton hundred. 5

28 At Martin Brandons hundred. 7

29 At Captaine Henry Spilmans house. 2

30 At Ensigne Spences house. 5

31 At Master Thomas Perse his house by Mulbery Ile, himselfe and 4

The whole number 347.

Men in this taking bettered with affliction, [IV.150.]

Better attend, and mind, and marke Religion,

For then true voyces issue from their hearts,

Then speake they what they thinke in inmost parts,

The truth remaines, they cast off fained Arts.

_How they were reduced to five or six places._ {MN-1}

_Gookins and Jordens resolutions._ {MN-2}

_The opinion of Captaine Smith._ {MN-3}

The General Historie of Virginia, New England & the Summer Isles (Vol. I) Together with the True Travels, Adventures and Observations, and a Sea Grammar · 第 5 / 7 章

The small time I staid in London, divers Courtiers and others, my