CONCLUSIONS
There are several aspects of the history of art which have had to
be ignored in the preceding chapters. A student of ethnology, for
instance, will blame us because in our hasty review of primitive art
no mention has been made of the important influence which political
institutions and religious systems have exercised on the development
of art. Nor can there be any question of denying that these factors
ought to be properly treated of in every research which aims at a
_descriptive_ completeness. From the historical point of view indeed
nothing could be more interesting than to pursue throughout the
general history of art that line of investigation which Mr. Posnett
has applied to the study of literature. Not only in the lower stages
of culture, but also among civilised nations, one might show how in
all its forms and branches art has been influenced for good and bad by
the progress of political development. Tribal drama, tribal sculpture,
and tribal poetry might thus be instructively contrasted with the art
of commonwealths and monarchic states. Still wider results might be
attained by tracing those differences in types of art which arise from
differences in the religious systems. But such researches, however
important they might be, would not have much bearing upon the subject
of the present work. Notwithstanding the differentiation of art-forms
that has arisen from the varying political and religious conditions, we
do not meet in these different forms with any principle of art that has
not been treated of already in the preceding chapters. To explain, for
instance, the art which serves as a means of political propitiation,
we need only refer to our investigation of the æsthetic forms of
sexual selection. It is true that songs, dances, and pantomimes will
necessarily change in character when addressed to a chief or king
instead of to a woman. But the purpose—to gain the favour of the
spectator—is still the same in both cases. And from this identity of
purpose there arises a general similarity between all manifestations
of propitiatory art, which, from our point of view, is more important
than the individual differences of these manifestations. As in tribes
where social conditions have favoured the development of sexual
selection erotic art acquires the distinction of attractiveness and
sensuous beauty, so these qualities will also be prominent in the songs
and dances by which people endeavour to conciliate the favour and
benevolence of a mighty ruler. And as on the lower stages of culture
men attribute to their gods their own likings and aversions, the
same qualities will naturally be found to characterise those classes
of art by which worshippers pay their homage to a divine spectator.
And, finally, as a conspicuous outcome of the motive “to attract by
pleasing” we meet with a similar group of dances, songs, and pantomimes
addressed to the spirits of the deceased—those spectators whose favour
or disfavour is of paramount importance to primitive man.
Side by side with this element of propitiation we find in the artistic
manifestations connected with funeral ceremonies examples of almost
all those aspects of art to which attention has been called in the
preceding chapters. The purpose of information is represented by
pictorial, poetic, or dramatic representations in which the doings
of the deceased are displayed before the survivors.[506] The dances
and songs may in many cases be reasonably explained as aiming at a
stimulation of the spirit, which certainly needs an increase of force
in order to surmount all the hardships and the weary wanderings of
its transitional life.[507] In other cases funeral art is evidently
intended to produce upon invisible enemies the same kind of terrifying
effects which have already been spoken of in connection with military
paintings and pantomimes.[508] And, lastly, it is probably in the
endeavour to exert a sympathetic influence upon the combats which the
deceased must undergo before he can attain his peace and rest that the
survivors hold magical sham-fights and tugs of war over his grave.[509]
Thus in this one branch of art we can see how each of the sociological
art-principles is of much wider applicability than has been possible
to trace within the limits of this work. But, on the other hand, the
crucial instance of funeral art shows us how even in such artistic
manifestations as at the outset appear to be quite irreducible we may
by a closer investigation reveal the influence of those general factors
which have been selected for treatment in the preceding chapters. And
therefore, without entering upon a detailed examination of all the
varying forms of art, we feel entitled to hold that the utilitarian
motives of information, propitiation, stimulation, and magical
efficiency afford a sufficiently complete list—from a theoretical point
of view—of the most important non-æsthetic factors that have favoured
the development of art.
* * * * *
The attentive reader will probably have remarked that those very
aspects of art with which we have been engaged in the latter part
of this work broadly correspond to some of the most important
interpretations of the art-impulse offered by æsthetic theories. To
give information—that is, to widen our knowledge of nature and life;
to propitiate—that is, to flatter our senses by the display of beauty;
to stimulate—that is, to heighten our vital energy, and thus make life
easier to live and life’s work easier to perform; to work magic—that
is, to produce an illusion of reality capable of leading to a confusion
between the subjective and objective world;—these are all purposes
which have been represented as essential to art. From our summary
investigation of primitive art it has, we hope, appeared how fully
we admit the close connection of these purposes with the historical
development of art. And it might be shown, if our investigation were
pursued into the later stages of development, that art on its highest
plane still bears the same relation to concrete utilities as it does on
the lowest. Art never ceases to inform, never ceases to please, never
ceases to stimulate, never loses something of a magical efficacy. But
while acknowledging the importance of all these purposes, we have,
on the other hand, to maintain the view which was set out in the
psychological chapters of the opening—that it is only by assuming an
independent art-impulse that we can explain the essential character of
art. To make plain the distinction between these two points of view it
is advisable to summarise in brief the arguments of either part of our
investigation.
In the first chapters the writer attempted to show that the art-impulse
in its broadest sense must be taken as an outcome of the natural
tendency of every feeling-state to manifest itself externally, the
effect of such a manifestation being to heighten the pleasure and to
relieve the pain. We found in this fact the primary source of art
as an individual impulse. But art is essentially social; and this
also we explained on psychological grounds. The secondary effect of
the exteriorisation of a feeling-state is to awaken similar feelings
in other human beings who perceive the manifestation; and their
sympathetic feeling acts upon the author of the original manifestation,
heightening in him the feeling-state which gave rise to it.
Now, all works of art have a common element notwithstanding their
diversity. They express, each in their own medium, a mood or moods of
the artist; they arise, that is, out of the impulse to expression,
which is as primitive as feeling itself. Every man seeks automatically
to heighten his feelings of pleasure and to relieve his feelings of
pain. The artist is the man who finds that he can gain such enhancement
or relief, not only by the direct action of giving expression to his
feeling, but also by arousing a kindred feeling in others. Hence
originates in him that desire to transmit his moods to an external
audience which must be regarded as the simplest and most primordial
inducement to artistic production. And also as a further means of
realising the same purpose there arises the endeavour to give the
artistic product—that is to say, the externalised expression of his
mood—a form which may facilitate the revival of the original state in
an ever wider circle of sympathisers. Thus from the reflex outlet for a
strong emotional pressure we are led to a deliberate creation, in which
the intellectual and volitional elements preponderate increasingly over
the automatic, emotional impulse. But from this gain in consciousness
there does not result any change in the essential character of the
artistic activity. However great the difference between the highest
forms of art, such as, for instance, a drama or a sculpture, and the
primitive dance-pantomime, the underlying impulse is still the same in
both cases. Perpetuation—that is, expression which is addressed to a
fictitious audience—can only be explained by reference to the enhancing
and relieving effects which man has experienced as results of emotional
transmission. And all the intentional activities, the artistic
composition, the artistic technique, and so on, by which perpetuation
is secured can thus be regarded as subservient to the emotionalistic
purpose. Moreover, these same activities, however unemotional they
may be in themselves, will enable the artist to extort an increased
emotional value from his “motives”; for instance, the greater a man’s
skill in suggesting the peculiar thrill of colour, the greater will
be his pleasure in colour itself. Technical excellency, which to the
outsider is a cold and neutral thing, may thus to the artist and to
the intelligent critic be full of expressional significance. From
whichever point of view we may look at art, we shall have to interpret
its central and essential characteristics in terms of feeling. In this
way we can account for it as a self-sufficing, or as we have said,
autotelic activity. And in this way only can we explain the strength of
that compelling force which urges an artist to an exertion from which
he derives no external utility.
But it cannot be contended that primitive human nature furnishes not
only the impulse to expression but also the medium. The artist in man
had the feeling; he had to discover a way to exteriorise it. Nearest
perhaps to primitive art lie the immediate manifestations by regulated
gesture and regulated sounds of the voice, which are also in their
highest development the most potent means for transmitting an emotion.
Yet the different utilities of life offered also other means—as it
were, words of a language—in which the feeling could express itself
and transmit itself from mind to mind. The man who used drawing as a
means of communicating thoughts could express in a drawing the terror
which a beast inspired or the delight he had derived from watching its
movements. And just as the purpose of imparting information—whether by
word or image—afforded a natural medium through which the art-impulse
could work to its own ends, so also the purpose of propitiation
afforded in dance or decoration something which might be diverted
from its original object and be used with the single intention of
expressing, for instance, the dancer’s mood. Similarly each of the
other purposes that have been discussed or alluded to afforded, as
it were, a concrete material for art—a shape in which the primitive
impulse to gesture could embody and develop itself. And beyond the
fact that art has been obliged to avail itself of media which have
originally been called into existence by utilitarian, non-æsthetic
needs, there lies another fact. To these external “origins” we can also
trace some of the most important qualities which we appreciate in a
work of art. In this way it is open to us to explain how several of
the virtues of art, as we know it, may be derived from the primitive
needs which it subserved; how, for instance, the lucidity of art may
find its explanation in art’s use for conveying information; how the
sensuous and attractive qualities of all art may be traced to the need
for propitiating favour; how the power that resides in art to brace and
stimulate the mind may be transmitted from the days when the artist was
appointed to nerve his fellows for work or war. And, lastly, it might
be argued that a most characteristic quality of art, the imagination,
which is in a sense faith in the reality of the unreal (whether native
to the human mind or not), may have been immensely heightened by the
use of art for purposes of magic, which fuses the visible and the
invisible.
There is thus suggested a further point. We were able to derive those
qualities of artistic composition, which in all æsthetic systems
have been insisted on as the most primordial, from the distinctive
qualities of the self-sufficing art-impulse, by showing how the
unity, the concentration, and the subordination of parts to a whole
correspond to the unity of a feeling-state which it is the object
of the art-impulse to convey and to perpetuate in its entirety. On
the other hand, we are forced to acknowledge that by the side of
these primordial qualities there exist certain secondary qualities
which have been of great importance in facilitating and securing the
transmission and perpetuation of the original feeling-state; and we
have shown how these qualities arise out of the vassalage by which art
in its historical development has been bound to the necessities and
utilities of practical life. For those who crave a theoretical basis
for the estimation of art there is offered a field of research in the
comparison and relative valuation of these two orders of qualities. By
studying the alternate influences which the primary and the derived
factors have exercised on the character of works of art, it may even be
possible to lay down a kind of scale by which to rank general qualities
as well as individual manifestations. But all this train of thought,
though cognate to our inquiry, is not a part of it. This book has aimed
simply to give an answer to the question, How did art originate? To
those minds which see no value in an æsthetic inquiry that neither
purposes to offer guidance for the artist in producing works of art,
nor for the student in appreciating them, the whole discussion may
probably appear futile. The author on his part has thought that such
investigation into an important and typical human energy must be of
interest at least, if not of value. But upon the practical question it
is his personal opinion that the loss would be greater than the gain
if theories and judgments based upon philosophical considerations were
allowed to influence either the production or the enjoyment of art.
AUTHORITIES QUOTED
Abbott, Charles C., Primitive Industry: or, Illustrations of the
Handiwork of the Native Races of the Northern Atlantic Seaboard of
America. Salem, Mass. 1881.
Abercromby, John, The Pre-and Proto-historic Finns, both Eastern and
Western, with the Magic Songs of the West Finns. I.-II. London, 1898.
Abhandlungen der Königlich. sächsischen Gesellschaft der
Wissenschaften. Leipzig.
Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königl. zoologischen und
anthropologisch-ethnographischen Museums zu Dresden. Berlin.
Academy, The. London.
Acosta, Joseph de, The Natural and Moral History of the Indies. Trans.
ed. by C. R. Markham. I.-II. London, 1880.
Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicæ. Helsingfors.
Actes de l’académie nationale des sciences, belles-lettres et arts de
Bordeaux. Paris.
Ahlqvist, Aug., Muistelmia matkoilta Venäjällä vuosina 1854-1858.
Helsingfors, 1859.
Ahlqvist, Aug., Unter Wogulen und Ostjaken. In Acta Societatis
Scientiarum Fennicæ. Tomus XIV. 1885.
Allen, Grant, The Colour-Sense: Its Origin and Development. London,
1879.
Allen, Grant, Physiological Æsthetics. London, 1877.
American Anthropologist, The. Published under the auspices of the
Anthropological Society of Washington. Washington.
American Journal of Psychology, The. Worcester, Mass.
Amiel, Henri-Frédéric, Fragments d’un journal intime. Septième éd.
I.-II. Genève, 1897.
Andree, Richard, Ethnographische Parallelen und Vergleiche. Stuttgart,
1878. Neue Folge. Leipzig, 1889.
Angas, George French, Polynesia; a Popular Description of the Physical
Features, Inhabitants, Natural History, and Productions of the Islands
of the Pacific. London [1866].
Angas, George French, Savage Life and Scenes in Australia and New
Zealand. I.-II. London, 1847.
Annalen des K.-K. naturhistorischen Hofmuseums. Wien.
Annali del museo civico di storia naturale di Genova. Genova.
Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Secretary of the
Smithsonian Institution. Washington.
Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution.
Washington.
Annual Report of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey.
Washington.
Archer, William, Masks or Faces? A Study in the Psychology of Acting.
London, 1888.
Archiv für Anthropologie. Braunschweig.
Aubry, Paul d’, La contagion du meurtre. Deuxième édition entièrement
refondue. Paris, 1894.
Bailey, John, An Account of the Wild Tribes of the Veddahs of Ceylon.
In Transactions of the Ethnological Society of London. Vol. II. New
Series, 1863.
Bain, Alexander, The Emotions and the Will. 3rd ed. London, 1875.
Bain, Alexander, The Senses and the Intellect. 4th ed. London, 1894.
Baker, Theodor, Über die Musik der nordamerikanischen Wilden. Leipzig,
1882.
Baldwin, James Mark, Mental Development in the Child and the Race. New
York, 1895.
Baldwin, James Mark, Social and Ethical Interpretations in Mental
Development. New York, 1897.
Balfour, Henry, The Evolution of Decorative Art. London, 1893.
Bancroft, Hubert Howe, The Native Races of the Pacific States of North
America. I.-V. New York, 1875-1876.
Barrington, Daines, Experiments and Observations on the Singing of
Birds. In Philosophical Transactions. 1773.
Bartels, Marx, Die Medicin der Naturvölker. Leipzig, 1893.
Bashkirtseff, Marie, Journal. I.-II. Paris, 1890.
Batchelor, John, The Ainu of Japan. London, 1892.
Batten, Geo. G. _See_ Glimpses.
Baumgarten, Alexander G., Aesthetica. Trajecti cis Viadrum. 1750.
Beccari, O., Le capanne ed i giardini dell’ Amblyornis inornata. In
Annali del museo civico di storia naturale di Genova. IX. (1876-1877.)
Beecham, John, Ashantee and the Gold Coast. London, 1841.
Berchon [Le Tatouage]. In Actes de l’académie de Bordeaux. 1885.
Bérenger-Féraud, L. J. B., Superstitions et survivances étudiées au
point de vue de leur origine et de leurs transformations. I.-V. Paris,
1896.
Bernays, Jacob, Zwei Abhandlungen über die aristotelische Theorie des
Drama. Berlin, 1880.
[Bernier, Félix], Théorie de l’art du comédien, ou Manuel théâtral.
Par Aristippe. Paris, 1825.
Bidwill, John Carne, Rambles in New Zealand. London, 1841.
Binet, Alfred, Le fétichisme dans l’amour. La vie psychique des
micro-organismes. L’intensité des images mentales, etc. Deuxième
édition. Paris, 1891.
Binger, G., Du Niger au Golfe de Guinée, par le pays de Kong et le
Mossi. I.-II. Paris, 1892.
Blumentritt, Ferdinand, Versuch einer Ethnographie der Philippinen.
Ergänzungsheft Nr. 67 zu Petermann’s Mittheilungen. (1882.)
Bock, Carl, Temples and Elephants: the Narrative of a Journey of
Exploration through Upper Siam and Lao. London, 1884.
Böhme, Franz M., Geschichte des Tanzes in Deutschland. I.-II. Leipzig,
1886.
Boletim da sociedade de geographia de Lisboa. Lisboa.
Bonghi, Ruggero, Die römischen Feste. Deutsch von Alfred Ruhemann.
Wien, 1891.
Bonwick, James, Daily Life and Origin of the Tasmanians. London, 1870.
Bosanquet, Bernard, A History of Æsthetic. London, 1892.
Bouillier, Francisque, Du plaisir et de la douleur. Paris, 1865.
Bourget, Paul, Études et portraits. I.-II. Paris, 1889.
Bourgoing, J. Fr., Modern State of Spain. Trans. from the last Paris
ed. of 1807. I.-IV. London, 1808.
Bourke, John G., The Medicine-men of the Apache. In Annual Report of
the Bureau of Ethn. IX.
Bourke, J. G., Scatologic Rites of all Nations. Washington, 1891.
Bourke, J. G., The Snake-Dance of the Moquis of Arizona. London, 1884.
Brehm, A. E., Thierleben. 3., gänzlich neubearbeitete Aufl. von
Pechuel-Loesche. I.-X. Leipzig und Wien, 1892.
Brenner, Joachim von, Besuch bei den Kannibalen Sumatras. Würzburg,
1894.
Brière, Essai sur le symbolisme antique d’Orient. Paris, 1847.
Brinton, Daniel G., Essays of an Americanist. Philadelphia, 1890.
Brinton, Daniel G., The Lenape and their Legends. Philadelphia, 1885.
Brinton, Daniel G., Nagualism: A Study of Native American Folk-lore
and History. Philadelphia, 1894.
Brinton, Daniel G., The Pursuit of Happiness. Philadelphia, 1894.
Brinton, Daniel G., Races and Peoples. Lectures on the Science of
Ethnography. New York, 1890.
Brinton, Daniel G., Religions of Primitive Peoples. New York and
London, 1897.
Brinton, Daniel G., Report upon the Collections exhibited at the
Columbian Historical Exposition (Madrid). Washington, 1895.
Brown, Gerald Baldwin, The Fine Arts. London, 1891.
Brown, John, The History of the Rise and Progress of Poetry, through
its several Species. Newcastle, 1764.
Bücher, Karl, Arbeit und Rhytmus. Zweite, stark vermehrte Auflage.
Leipzig, 1899.
Büchner, Ludwig, Liebe und Liebesleben in der Thierwelt. Zweite, sehr
vermehrte Auflage. Leipzig, 1885.
Buckland, A. W., Anthropological Studies. London, 1891.
Buffon, G. L. L., Histoire naturelle des oiseaux. I.-X. Paris, 1770-71.
Burchell, William John, Travels in the Interior of Southern Africa.
I.-II. London, 1822-1824.
Bureau of Ethnology. _See_ Annual Report.
Burke, Edmund, A Philosophical Inquiry into the Origin of our Ideas of
the Sublime and Beautiful. New ed. London, 1889.
Burton, Richard F., The City of the Saints and across the Rocky
Mountains to California. London, 1861.
Burton, Richard F., The Lake Regions of Central Africa. I.-II. London,
1860.
Burton, Richard F., A Mission to Gelele, King of Dahome. I.-II.
London, 1864.
Burton, Richard F., Two Trips to Gorilla Land and the Cataracts of the
Congo. I.-II. London, 1876.
Burton, Richard F., Zanzibar; City, Island, and Coast. I.-II. London,
1872.
Cahusac, La danse ancienne et moderne. La Haye, 1754.
Calmeil, L. F., De la folie. I.-II. Paris, 1845.
Calvert, Albert F., The Aborigines of Western Australia. London, 1894.
Cameron, A. L. P., Notes on some Tribes of New South Wales. In Journ.
Anthr. Inst. XIV.
Campbell, John, A Personal Narrative of Thirteen Years’ Service
amongst the Wild Tribes of Khondistan. London, 1864.
Carlyle, Thomas, Sartor Resartus. Illustrated by Edmund J. Sullivan.
London, 1898.
Carpenter, Edward, Angels’ Wings: A Series of Essays on Art and its
Relation to Life. London, 1898.
Carver, Jonathan, Three Years’ Travel through the Interior Parts of
North America. Philadelphia, 1796.
Casalis, E., The Basutos: or, Twenty-three Years in South Africa.
London, 1861.
Castrén, M. A., Nordiska resor och forskningar. I.-VI. Helsingfors,
1852-1870.
Catlin, George, Illustrations of the Manners, Customs, and Condition
of the North American Indians. I.-II. London, 1876.
Chamisso, Adelbert von, Bemerkungen und Ansichten von
dem Naturforscher der Expedition. In Kotzebue, Otto von,
Entdeckungs-Reise. Part III.
Champfleury. _See_ Fleury, Jules.
Charcot, J. M., et Richer, Paul, Les démoniaques dans l’art. Paris,
1887.
Chardin, Voyages en Perse et autres lieux de l’orient. Nouvelle
édition augmentée par L. Langlès. I.-X. Paris, 1811.
Clavigero, Francesco Saverio, The History of Mexico. Transl. from the
original Italian by Charles Cullen. I.-II. London, 1787.
Clercq, F. S. A. de, met Medewerking van J. D. E. Schmeltz.
Ethnographische Beschrijving van de West-en Noordkust van Nederlandsch
Nieuw-Guinea. Leiden, 1893.
Codrington, R. H., The Melanesians, Studies in their Anthropology and
Folk-Lore. Oxford, 1891.
Collins, David, An Account of the English Colony in New South Wales.
I-II. London, 1798-1802.
Congrès international d’anthropologie et d’archéologie préhistoriques.
IXème session à Lisbonne, 1880. Lisbonne, 1884.
Contemporary Review, The. London.
Cook, James, An Account of a Voyage round the World in the Years
1768-1771. London, 1773.
Cook, James, A Voyage towards the South Pole, and round the World.
Performed in the Years 1772-1775. I.-II. London, 1777.
Cook, James, A Voyage to the Pacific Ocean. In the Years 1776-1780.
I.-III. London, 1785.
Cornish, C. J., Life at the Zoo. Notes and Traditions of the Regent’s
Park Gardens. 2nd Ed. London, 1895.
Crane, Walter, The Bases of Design. London, 1898.
Cranz, David, David Cranz Historie von Grönland enthaltend die
Beschreibung des Landes und der Einwohner, etc. Zweyte Auflage. I.-II.
Barby and Leipzig, 1770.
Crawley, A. E., Sexual Taboo. In Journal of the Anthropological
Institute. XXIV.
Creuzer, Georg Friedrich, Symbolik und Mythologie der alten Völker.
I.-VI. Leipzig, 1819-1823.
Cruickshank, Brodie, Eighteen Years on the Gold Coast of Africa.
I.-II. London, 1853.
Cruise, Richard A., Journal of a Ten Months’ Residence in New Zealand.
London, 1823.
Curr, Edward M., The Australian Race: its Origin, Languages, Customs,
etc. I.-IV. Melbourne, 1886-87.
Czerwinski, Albert, Geschichte der Tanzkunst. Leipzig, 1862.
Dale, Godfrey, An Account of the Principal Customs and Habits of the
Natives inhabiting the Bondei Country. In Journ. Anthr. Inst. XXV.
Dall, William H., Alaska and its Resources. London, 1870.
Dalton, Edward Tuite, Descriptive Ethnology of Bengal. Calcutta, 1872.
Dania, Tideskrift for folkemål og folkeminder. Kjøbenhavn.
Darwin, Charles, The Descent of Man. 2nd Edition. I.-II. London, 1888.
Darwin, Charles, The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals.
2nd ed., edited by Francis Darwin. London, 1890.
Darwin, Charles, On the Origin of Species. 6th Edition. I.-II. London,
1888.
Davy, John, An Account of the Interior of Ceylon. London, 1821.
Day, Francis, Observations on the Andamanese. In Proceedings of the
Asiatic Society of Bengal. 1870.
Delbœuf, J., Éléments de psychophysique générale et spéciale. Paris,
1883.
Deschamps, Émile, Au pays des Veddas. Ceylon. Paris, 1892.
Dieffenbach, Ernest, Travels in New Zealand. I.-II. London, 1843.
Dobrizhoffer, Martin, An Account of the Abipones, an Equestrian
People. From the Latin. I.-III. London, 1822.
Düben, Gustaf von, Om Lappland och Lapparne, företrädesvis de svenske.
Stockholm, 1873.
Dumont, Leon, Théorie scientifique de la sensibilité. Le plaisir et la
peine. Paris, 1875.
Dyer, Louis, Studies of the Gods in Greece at certain Sanctuaries
recently excavated. London, 1891.
Earle, Augustus, A Narrative of a Nine Months’ Residence in New
Zealand in 1827. London, 1832.
Ehrenreich, Paul, Ueber die Botocudos der brasilianischen Provinzen
Espiritu santo und Minas Geraes. In Zeitschrift für Ethnologie. XIX.
1887.
Elliot, Henry M., Memoirs on the History, Folk-lore, and Distribution
of the Races of the North-Western Provinces of India. I.-II. London,
1869.
Ellis, A. B., The Eẃe-speaking Peoples of the Slave-Coast of West
Africa. London, 1890.
Ellis, A. B., The Tshi-speaking Peoples of the Gold Coast of West
Africa. London, 1887.
Ellis, A. B., The Yoruba-speaking Peoples of the Slave-Coast of West
Africa. London, 1894.
Ellis, A. B., West African Sketches. London, 1881.
Ellis, Havelock, Man and Woman. London, 1894.
Ellis, Havelock, The New Spirit. 3rd ed. London, 1892.
Ellis, William, Polynesian Researches, during a Residence of nearly
eight Years in the Society and Sandwich Islands. 2nd ed. I.-IV.
London, 1832.
Elworthy, Frederick Thomas. The Evil Eye. An Account of this ancient
and widespread Superstition. London, 1895.
Emmanuel, Maurice, La danse grecque antique d’après les monuments
figurés. Paris, 1896.
Engel, J. J., Ideen zu einer Mimic. I.-II. Berlin, 1785.
Erman, Adolph, Travels in Siberia. Trans, from the German, by William
Desborough Cooley. I.-II. London, 1848.
Espinas, Alfred, Des sociétés animales. 2nd ed. Paris, 1878.
Eyre, Edward John, Journals of Expeditions of Discovery into Central
Australia, etc., in the Years 1840-1. I.-II. London, 1845.
Faguet, Émile, Drame ancien, drame moderne. Paris, 1898.
Farrer, James Anson, Military Manners and Customs. London, 1885.
Farrer, James Anson, Primitive Manners and Customs. London, 1879.
Fechner, Gustav Theodor, Vorschule der Aesthetik. I.-II. Leipzig, 1876.
Féré, Ch., The Pathology of Emotions. Physiological and Clinical
Studies. Rendered into English by Robert Park. London, 1899.
Féré, Ch., Sensation et mouvement: études expérimentales de
psycho-mécanique. Paris, 1887.
Fewkes, J. Walter, assisted by A. M. Stephen and J. G. Owens. The
Snake Ceremonials at Walpi. Being Vol. IV. of “A Journal of American
Ethnology and Archaeology.”
Figuier, Louis, Histoire du merveilleux dans les temps modernes.
I.-IV. Paris, 1860.
Finsch, Otto, Ethnologische Erfahrungen und Belegstücke aus der
Südsee. In Annalen des K.-K. naturhistorischen Hofmuseums. Wien.
Finsch, Otto, Samoafahrten. Reisen in Kaiser-Wilhelms-Land und
English-Neu-Guinea in den Jahren 1884 und 1885. Leipzig, 1888.
Finsch, Otto, Ueber die Bewohner von Ponapé. In Zeitschrift für
Ethnologie. XII. 1880.
Fison, Lorimer, The Nanga, or Sacred Stone Enclosure, of Wainimala,
Fiji. In Journal of the Anthropological Institute. XIV.
[Fleury, Jules], Histoire de la caricature sous la république,
l’empire et la restauration par Champfleury. Paris, 1874.
Forbes, Frederick E., Dahomey and the Dahomans. I.-II. London, 1851.
Forbes, Henry O., A Naturalist’s Wanderings in the Eastern Archipelago
from 1878 to 1885. London, 1885.
Fornander, Abraham, An Account of the Polynesian Race, its Origin and
Migrations. I.-III. London, 1878-1885.
Fouillée, Alfred, La psychologie des idées-forces. I.-II. Paris, 1893.
Fraser, John, The Aborigines of New South Wales. Sydney, 1892.
Frazer, J. G., Totemism. Edinburgh, 1887.
Frazer, J. G., The Golden Bough. A Study in Comparative Religion.
I.-II. London, 1890.
Freycinet, Louis de, Voyage autour du monde pendant les années
1817-1820. I.-IX. Paris, 1824-1844.
Fritsch, Gustav, Die Eingeborenen Süd-Afrikas. Breslau, 1872.
Führer durch das Museum für Völkerkunde. Herausgegeben von der
General-Verwaltung. Sechste Auflage. Berlin, 1895.
Fytche, Albert, Burma Past and Present. I.-II. London, 1878.
Gaidoz, Henri, Un vieux rite médical. Paris, 1892.
Gasou, Samuel, The Manners and Customs of the Dieyerie Tribe. In
Woods’ The Native Tribes of South Australia.
Geddes, Patrick, and Thomson, J. Arthur, The Evolution of Sex. London,
1889.
Gill, William Wyatt, From Darkness to Light in Polynesia, with
Illustrative Clan Songs. London, 1894.
Gill, William Wyatt, The South Pacific and New Guinea. Sydney, 1892.
Glimpses of the Eastern Archipelago. Ethnographical, Geographical,
Historical. Translated from the Dutch by Geo. G. Batten. Singapore,
1894.
Globus, Illustrierte Zeitschrift für Länder und Völkerkunde.
Braunschweig.
Godden, Gertrude M., Nágá and other Frontier Tribes of N.E. India. In
Journal of the Anthropological Institute. XXVI.
Godfernaux, André, Le sentiment et la pensée et leurs principaux
aspects physiologiques. Paris, 1894.
Goethe, Goethe’s Dichtung und Wahrheit. Nach den vorzuglichsten
Quellen revidirte Ausgabe. Mit Einleitung und Anmerkungen von G. von
Loeper. Berlin [1876].
Goncourt, Edmond et Jules de, Journal. I.-IX. Paris, 1887-1896.
Gooneratne, Dandris de Silva, On Demonology and Witchcraft in Ceylon.
In Journal of the Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society,
1865-1866.
Gratiolet, Pierre, De la physionomie et des mouvements d’expression.
Paris [1865].
Grey, George, Journals of two Expeditions of Discovery in North-West
and Western Australia, during the years 1837-1839. I.-II. London, 1841.
Grimm, Jacob, Teutonic Mythology. Translated from the fourth edition
with Notes and Appendix by James Steven Stallybrass. I.-IV. London,
1880-1888.
Groos, Karl, Die Spiele der Menschen. Jena, 1899.
Groos, Karl, The Play of Animals. A Study of Animal Life and Instinct.
Translated with the author’s co-operation by Elizabeth L. Baldwin.
With a Preface and an Appendix by J. Mark Baldwin. London, 1898.
Grosse, Ernst, Die Anfänge der Kunst. Freiburg, i. B. 1894.
Grove, Mrs. Lilly, Dancing, by Mrs. Lilly Grove and other Writers.
With Musical Examples. London, 1895.
Guaita, Stanislas de, Essais de sciences maudites. I.-II., 1. Paris,
1890, 1891.
Gurney, Edmund, Power of Sound. London, 1880.
Guyau [Jean Marie], L’art au point de vue sociologique. Paris, 1889.
Guyau [Jean Marie], Les problèmes de l’esthétique contemporaine.
Paris, 1884.
Haddon, Alfred C., Evolution in Art: as illustrated by the
Life-Histories of Designs. London, 1895.
Haddon, Alfred C., The Ethnography of the Western Tribe of Torres
Straits. In Journ. Anthr. Inst. XIX.
Haddon, Alfred C., The Study of Man. London, 1898.
Hall, Charles Francis, Arctic Researches and Life among the Esquimaux:
being the Narrative of an Expedition in Search of Sir John Franklin in
the years 1860-1862. New York, 1865.
Hamilton, Augustus, The Art-workmanship of the Maori Race. Dunedin,
1896. In progress.
Hamilton, William, Lectures on Metaphysics and Logic. 7th Ed. I.-IV.
Edinburgh and London, 1882-84.
Hanslick, Eduard, Vom Musikalisch-Schönen. Ein Beitrag zur Revision
der Aesthetik der Tonkunst. Siebente vermehrte und verbesserte
Auflage. Leipzig, 1885.
Hansson, Ola, Kåserier i mystik. Stockholm, 1897.
Harless, E., Lehrbuch der plastischen Anatomie. I.-III. Stuttgart,
1856-58.
Harnack, Otto, Die klassische Aesthetik der Deutschen. Würdigung der
kunsttheoretischen Arbeiten Schiller’s, Goethe’s und ihrer Freunde.
Leipzig, 1892.
Hartland, Edwin Sidney, The Legend of Perseus. A Study of Tradition in
Story, Custom, and Belief. I.-III. London, 1894-96.
Hecker, J. F. C., Die grossen Volkskrankheiten des Mittelalters.
Gesammelt und in erweiterte Bearbeitung herausgegeben von Dr. August
Hirsch. Berlin, 1865.
Heckewelder, John, History, Manners, and Customs of the Indian Nations
who once inhabited Pennsylvania and the Neighbouring States. New
and Revised Edition. With an Introduction and Notes by William C.
Reichel. Philadelphia, 1876. (Memoirs of the Historical Society of
Pennsylvania. Vol. XII.)
Hein, Alois Raimund, Die bildenden Künste bei den Dayaks auf Borneo.
Wien, 1890.
Hellwald, Fr. von, Die menschliche Familie nach ihrer Entstehung und
natürlichen Entwickelung. Leipzig, 1889.
Helvetius, De l’esprit.
Hemsterhuis, F., Œuvres philosophiques. Nouvelle édition. I.-II.
Paris, 1809.
Hennequin, Émile, La critique scientifique. Paris, 1888.
Heriot, George, Travels through the Canadas. London, 1807.
Hernsheim, Franz, Südsee-Erinnerungen (1875-80). Mit einem
einleitenden Vorwort von Dr. Otto Finsch. Berlin, 1883.
Hickson, Sydney J., A Naturalist in North Celebes. London, 1889.
Hill, David J., The Festal Development of Art. In The Popular Science
Monthly. Vol. XLII.
Hill, Richard and George Thornton, Notes on the Aborigines of New
South Wales. Sydney, 1892.
Hirn, Yrjö, Förstudier till en konstfilosofi på psykologisk grundval.
Helsingfors, 1896.
Hirn, Yrjö, Skildringar ur Pueblofolkens konstlif. I.-II. Helsingfors,
1898. To be continued. (Reprinted from Meddelanden af Geografiska
Föreningeni Finland. V.)
Hirth, Georg, Aufgaben der Kunstphysiologie. I.-II. München und
Leipzig, 1891.
Hoffman, Miscellaneous Ethnographic Observations on Indians inhabiting
Nevada, California, and Arizona. In U.S. Geol. and Geogr. Survey.
Tenth Annual Report, 1876.
Hoffmeister, W., Travels in Ceylon and Continental India. Transl. from
the German. Edinburgh, 1848.
Hogarth, William, The Analysis of Beauty. London, 1753.
Holmes, Edmond, What is Poetry? London, 1900.
Holub, Emil, Sieben Jahre in Süd-Afrika. I.-II. Wien, 1881.
Holz, Arno, Die Kunst: ihr Wesen und ihre Gesetze. Berlin, 1891.
Home, H., Lord Kames, Elements of Criticism. 6th ed. With the Author’s
last Corrections and Additions. I.-II. Edinburgh, 1785.
Horn Expedition, The. _See_ Report.
Howitt, A. W., On some Australian Ceremonies of Initiation. In Journal
of the Anthropological Institute. XIII.
Hudson, W. H., The Naturalist in La Plata. London, 1892.
Humboldt, Alexander de, and Bonpland, Aimé, Personal Narrative of
Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of the New Continent, during the
years 1799-1804. Transl. from the French by Helen Maria Williams.
I.-VII. London, 1814-29.
Hyades, P., et Deniker, J., Anthropologie, Ethnographie. In Mission
scientifique du Cap Horn, 1882-1889. Tome VII. 1891.
Im Thurn, Everard F., Primitive Games. Georgetown, 1890. Reprinted
from “Timehri.”
Im Thurn, Everard F., Among the Indians of Guiana, being Sketches
chiefly Anthropologic from the Interior of British Guiana. London,
1883.
Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie. Leiden.
International Congress of Experimental Psychology. Second session.
London, 1892.
Jacobowski, Ludwig, Die Anfänge der Poesie. Dresden und Leipzig, 1891.
Jagor, F., Reisen in den Philippinen. Berlin, 1873.
James, William, The Principles of Psychology. I.-II. London, 1890.
James, William, The Physical Basis of Emotion. In The Psychological
Review, 1894.
Jefferies, Richard, The Story of my Heart. 4th Ed. London, 1894.
Joest, Wilhelm, Tätowiren, Narbenzeichnen und Körperbemalen. Nebst
Originalmittheilungen von O. Finsch und J. Kubary. Berlin, 1887.
Joest, Wilhelm, Welt-Fahrten. Beiträge zur Länder-und Völkerkunde.
I.-III. Berlin, 1890.
Johnston, Henry, British Central Africa. London, 1897.
Johnstone, J. C., Maoria. A Sketch of the Manners and Customs of the
Aboriginal Inhabitants of New Zealand. London, 1874.
Jouffroy [Thomas Simon], Cours d’esthétique. Paris, 1843.
Journal des Museum Godeffroy. Hamburg.
Journal, A, of American Ethnology and Archæology. Edited by J. Walter
Fewkes. Boston and New York.
Journal, The, of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and
Ireland. London.
Journal of the Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. Colombo.
Kane, Paul, Wanderings of an Artist among the Indians of North
America. London, 1859.
Kant, Immanuel, Kritik der Urtheilskraft. Herausgegeben von Benno
Erdmann. Leipzig, 1880.
Keating, William H., Narrative of an Expedition to the Source of St.
Peter’s River, etc. Performed in the Year 1823 under the Command of
Stephen H. Long. I.-II. Philadelphia, 1824.
Kidd, Benjamin, Social Evolution. Nineteenth Thousand. London, 1898.
[Kierkegaard, Søren], Enten-Eller. Et livsfragment, udgivet af Victor
Eremita. I.-II. 4de Udgave. Kjøbenhavn, 1878.
Kingsley, Mary H., Travels in West Africa. London, 1897.
Kingsley, Mary H., West African Studies. London, 1899.
Kleinpaul, Rudolf, Sprache ohne Worte. Idee einer allgemeinen
Wissenschaft der Sprache. Leipzig, 1888.
Kleinschmidt, Theodor, Theodor Kleinschmidts Reisen auf den
Viti-Inseln, nach seinen brieflichen Mittheilungen bearbeitet. In
Journal des Museum Godeffroy. Heft XIV. 1879.
Koeler, Hermann, Einige Notizen über die Eingebornen an der
Ostküste des St. Vincent Golfs in Süd-Australien, 1837 und 1838. In
Monatsberichte über die Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu
Berlin, 1841-1842.
Kolbe, Peter, Reise an das Capo du Bonne Esperance. Nürnberg, 1719.
Kollmann, Paul, The Victoria Nyanza. The Land, the Races and their
Customs, with Specimens of some of the Dialects. London, 1899.
Königliches ethnographisches Museum zu Dresden. Publikationen. Dresden.
Kotzebue, Otto von, Entdeckungs-Reisen in die Süd-See, etc.
Unternommen in den Jahren 1815-1818. I.-III. Weimar, 1821.
Kreemer, J., Rain Preventers. In Glimpses of the Eastern Archipelago.
Kubary, J., Weitere Nachrichten von der Insel Ponapé. Nach
brieflichen, vom Jan. 1874 datirten Mittheilungen J. Kubarys. In
Journal des Museum Godeffroy. Heft VIII. 1875.
Kussmaul, A., Disturbances of Speech. In Ziemssen, Cyclopædia of the
Practice of Medicine. Vol. XIV.
Lafitau, Mœurs des sauvages amériquains comparées aux mœurs des
premiers temps. I.-II. Paris, 1724.
Lagrange, Fernand, Physiologie des exercices du corps. 4ième éd.
Paris, 1890.
Laing, Alexander Gordon, Travels in the Timannee, Kooranko, and
Soolima Countries in Western Africa. London, 1825.
Lancet, The, A Journal of British and Foreign Medicine, etc. London.
Landa, Diego de, Relation des choses de Yucatan. Texte espagnol et
traduction française par l’Abbé Brasseur de Bourbourg. Paris, 1864.
(Coll. des documents pour servir à l’étude de l’histoire et de la
philologie de l’Amérique ancienne. Vol. III.)
Lander, Richard, Records of Captain Clapperton’s last Expedition to
Africa. I.-II. London, 1830.
Lander, Richard and John, Journal of an Expedition to explore the
Course and Termination of the Niger. I.-III. London, 1832.
Lang, Andrew, The Making of Religion. London, 1898.
Lang, Andrew, Myth, Ritual, and Religion. I.-II. London, 1887.
Lang, Gideon S., The Aborigines of Australia. Melbourne, 1865.
Lange, Carl, Bidrag til nydelsernes fysiologi som grundlag for en
rationel æstetik. Kjøbenhavn, 1899.
Lange, Carl, Über Gemüthsbewegungen. Autorisirte Übersetzung von Dr.
H. Kurella. Leipzig, 1887.
Lange, Julius, Om kunstværdi. To foredrag. Kjøbenhavn, 1876.
Le Bon, Gustave, Psychologie des foules. Paris, 1895.
Leconte de Lisle [J. M.], Poèmes barbares. Paris, 1889.
Lee, Vernon. _See_ Vernon Lee.
Lehmann, Alfred, Die Hauptgesetze des menschlichen Gefühlslebens.
Unter Mitwirkung des Verfassers übersetzt von F. Bendixen. Leipzig,
1892.
Lenormant, François, Die Magie und Wahrsagekunst der Chaldäer.
Autorisirte, von Verfasser bedeutend verbesserte und vermehrte
deutsche Ausgabe. Jena, 1878.
Lenz, Oskar, Skizzen aus Westafrika. Selbsterlebnisse. Berlin, 1878.
Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, Gelehrter Briefwechsel zwischen D. Johann
Jacob Reiske, Moses Mendelssohn und Gotthold Ephraim Lessing. I.-II.
Berlin, 1789.
Letherman, Jona, Sketch of the Navajo Tribe of Indians, Territory of
New Mexico. In Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution. X. For
1855. Printed 1856.
Letourneau, Charles, La guerre dans les diverses races humaines.
Paris, 1895.
Levertin, Oscar, Studier öfver fars och farsörer i Frankrike mellan
renaissancen och Molière. Upsala, 1888.
Lewin, T. H., Wild Races of South-Eastern India. London, 1870.
Lichtenberg, Georg Christoph, Vermischte Schriften nach dem Tode
gesammelt und herausgegeben. I.-IX. Göttingen. 1800-1806.
Lichtenstein, Henry, Travels in Southern Africa in the Years
1803-1806. Translated from the original German by Annie Plumptre.
I.-II. London, 1812-1815.
Lindsay, W. Lauder, Mind in the Lower Animals in Health and Disease.
I.-II. London, 1879.
Lippert, Julius, Kulturgeschichte der Menschheit in ihrem organischen
Aufbau. I.-II. Stuttgart, 1886-1887.
Lipps, Theodor, Raumaesthetik und geometrisch-optische Täuschungen.
Leipzig, 1897. (Schriften der Ges. für psychologische Forschung. II.
9-10.)
Lisiansky, Urey, A Voyage round the World, in the Years 1803-1806.
London, 1814.
Livingstone, David, Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa.
London, 1857.
Lloyd, George Thomas, Thirty-three Years in Tasmania and Victoria.
London, 1862.
Lloyd, L., The Game Birds and Wild Fowl of Sweden and Norway. 2nd ed.
London, 1867.
Lobeck, Chr. Augustus, Aglaophamus sive de theologiae mysticae
graecorum causis. I.-II. Regimontii Prussorum, 1829.
Lombroso, Cesare, The Man of Genius. London, 1891.
Lubbock, John, The Origin of Civilisation and the Primitive Condition
of Man. 5th ed. London, 1889.
Lubbock, John, Pre-Historic Times, as illustrated by Ancient Remains,
and the Manners and Customs of Modern Savages. 5th ed. London and
Edinburgh, 1890.
Lucretius, T. Lucreti Cari De rerum natura libri sex. Edited by H. A.
J. Munro. Fourth edition. I.-III. Cambridge, 1886.
Lumholtz, Carl, Among Cannibals, an Account of four Years’ Travel in
Australia, etc. London, 1889.
Lütke, Voyage autour du monde. Traduit du russe. I.-III. Paris,
1835-1836.
Macpherson, Samuel Charters, Memorials of Service in India. Edited by
his Brother, William Macpherson. London, 1865.
Magitot, Louis Félix Émile, Essai sur les mutilations ethniques. In
Congrès International d’anthropologie et d’archéologie préhistoriques.
Comptes rendus. Session IX. 1880. Lisbonne, 1884.
Mallery, Garrick, Picture-writing of the American Indians. In Annual
Report of the Bureau of Ethnology. X.
Mallery, Garrick, Sign Language among North American Indians compared
with that among other Peoples and Deaf-mutes. In Annual Report of the
Bureau of Ethnology. I.
Man, E. H., On the Aboriginal Inhabitants of the Andaman Islands. In
Journal of the Anthropological Institute. Vol. XII.
[Maning, Fr. E.], Old New Zealand. By a Pakeha Maori. Auckland, 1863.
Mann, Robert James, The Kaffir Race of Natal. In Transactions of the
Ethnological Society of London. New Series. Vol. V.
Mantegazza, P., Die Physiologie des Hasses, aus dem Italienischen von
R. Teuscher. Jena [1889].
Mantegazza, P., Physiognomy and Expression. London [1890].
March, H. Colley, Evolution and Psychology in Art. In Mind. New
series. V. 1896.
March, H. Colley, Polynesian Ornament a Mythography; or, a Symbolism
of Origin and Descent. In Journal of the Anthropological Institute.
XXII.
Markham, Clements R., Ollanta. An ancient Yuca Drama. Transl. from the
original Quichua. London, 1871.
Marques, A., Notes pour servir à une monographie des Îles de Samoa. In
Boletim da Sociedade de Geographia. VIII. Serie No. 1. 1888.
Marryat, Frank S., Borneo and the Indian Archipelago. London, 1848.
Marsden, William, The History of Sumatra. 3rd ed. with Corrections,
Additions, and Plates. London, 1811.
Marshall, Henry Rutgers, Æsthetic Principles. New York, 1895.
Marshall, Henry Rutgers, Pain, Pleasure, and Æsthetics. London, 1894.
Marshall, William E., A Phrenologist amongst the Todas. London, 1873.
Martial, L. F., Histoire du voyage. In Mission scientifique du Cap
Horn. 1882-1883. Tome I. 1888.
Martin, K., Reisen in den Molukken, in Ambon, den Uliassern, Seran
(Ceram) und Buru. I.-II. Leiden, 1894.
Mason, Otis T., The Origins of Invention: A Study of Industry among
Primitive Peoples. London, 1895.
Mathew, John, Mary River and Bunya-Bunya Country. In Curr, The
Australian Race. III.
Mathews, R. H., The Bora, or Initiation Ceremonies of the Kamilaroi
Tribe. In Journal of the Anthropological Institute. XXIV.-XXV.
Matthews, Washington, The Mountain Chant. A Navajo Ceremony. In Annual
Report of the Bureau of Ethnology. V.
Matthews, Washington, Navaho Legends collected and translated. Boston
and New York, 1897. (Memoirs of The American Folk-Lore Society. Vol.
V.)
Matthews, Washington, The Prayer of a Navajo Shaman. In the American
Anthropologist Vol. I. 1888.
Maupassant, Guy de, Des Vers. Paris, 1880.
[Metz, F.], The Tribes inhabiting the Neilgherry Hills; their Social
Customs and Religious Rites. 2nd enlarged ed. Mangalore, 1864.
Meyer, Adolf Bernhard, Bilderschriften des ostindischen Archipels
und der Südsee. In Königliches ethnographisches Museum zu Dresden.
Publikationen. Dresden, 1881.
Michelet, J., Histoire de France. I.-XVII. Paris, 1833-67.
Michelet, J., La sorcière. 2ième éd. Bruxelles et Leipzig, 1863.
Mind, A quarterly Review of Psychology and Philosophy. London.
Mission scientifique du Cap Horn. 1882-1883. I.-VII. Paris, 1888-1891.
Mitchell, Arthur, The Past in the Present: What is Civilisation?
Edinburgh, 1880.
Mollien, G., Travels in the Interior of Africa to the Sources of the
Senegal and Gambia, performed in the Year 1818. London, 1820.
Monatsberichte über die Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft für Erdkunde zu
Berlin. Berlin.
Mooney, James, The Cherokee Ball Play. In The Amer. Anthropologist.
III.
Morgan, Lewis H., League of the Ho-de’-no-sau-nee, or Iroquois.
Rochester, 1851.
Moseley, H. N., On the Inhabitants of the Admiralty Islands. In
Journal of the Anthropological Institute. VI.
Mouat, Frederic J., Adventures and Researches among the Andaman
Islanders. London, 1863.
Müller, Friedrich, Allgemeine Ethnographie. Zweite umgearb. und verm.
Auflage. Wien, 1879.
Muller, Hendrik P. N., Industrie des Cafres du sud-est de l’Afrique.
Description des objets représénts par Joh. F. Snelleman. Leyde, s.a.
Mulsant, E., et Verraux, Edouard, Histoire naturelle des
oiseaux-mouches. I.-V. Lyon, 1874-78.
Mundy, Godfrey Charles, Our Antipodes: or, Residence and Rambles in
the Australasian Colonies. 4th ed. London, 1857.
Musters, George Chaworth, At Home with the Patagonians. 2nd ed.
London, 1873.
Nachtigal, Gustav, Sahărâ und Sûdân. Ergebnisse sechsjähriger Reisen
in Afrika. I.-III. Berlin, 1879-1889.
Nagele, Anton, Der Schlangen-Cultus. In Zeitschrift für
Völkerpsychologie und Sprachwissenschaft. Vol. XVII.
Nevill, Hugh, The Væddas of Ceylon. In The Taprobanian. II.
Nietzsche, Friedrich, Die Geburt der Tragödie. Dritte Auflage.
Leipzig, 1894.
Nilsson, S., Skandinavisk Fauna. Foglarna. 3. uppl. I.-II. Lund, 1858.
Noiré, Ludwig, Der Ursprung der Sprache. Mainz, 1877.
Nyrop, Kristiac, Kludetræt. In Dania. Vol. I.
Oldfield, Augustus, On the Aborigines of Australia. In Transactions of
the Ethnological Society of London. New Series. Vol. III. 1865.
Oviedo, Fernandez de, Histoire des Indes. Traduite de Castillan.
Paris, 1555.
Parker, Edward Stone, The Aborigines of Australia. Melbourne, 1854.
Paulhan, Fr., Les phénomènes affectifs et les lois de leur apparition.
Paris, 1887.
Péron, F., Voyage de découvertes aux terres Australes, pendant les
années 1800-1804. I.-II. Paris, 1807-1816.
Peschel, Oscar, Völkerkunde. Zweite unveränderte Auflage. Leipzig,
1875.
Petermann, A., Mittheilungen aus Justus Perthes’ geographischer
Anstalt. Gotha.
Petherick, John, Egypt, the Soudan and Central Africa. Edinburgh and
London. 1861.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. London.
Philosophische Studien, herausgegeben von Wilhelm Wundt. Leipzig.
Poe, E. A., Works. I.-X. London, 1895.
Polack, J. S., Manners and Customs of the New Zealanders. I.-II.
London, 1840.
Popular Science Monthly, The. New York.
Posnett, Hutcheson Macaulay, Comparative Literature. London, 1886.
Poulton, Edward Bagnall, The Colours of Animals, their Meaning and
Use. London, 1890.
Powers, Stephan, Tribes of California. U.S. Geograph. and Geolog.
Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region. Contributions to North American
Ethnology. Vol. III. Washington, 1877.
Preller, L., Griechische Mythologie. 4. Aufl. von Carl Robert. Berlin.
In progress.
Preyer, W., Die Seele des Kindes. Dritte vermehrte Auflage. Leipzig,
1890.
Pritchard, W. T., Polynesian Reminiscences; or, Life in the South
Pacific Islands. London, 1866.
Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Calcutta.
Psychological Review, The. New York and London.
Quarterly Review, The. London.
Quilter, Harry, Sententiae Artis. London, 1886.
Raffles, Thomas Stamford, The History of Java. I.-II. Second ed.
London, 1830.
Ralston, W. R. S., The Songs of the Russian People, as illustrative of
Slavonic Mythology and Russian Social Life. London, 1872.
Rapp, A., Die Mänade im griechischen Cultus, in der Kunst und Poesie.
In Rheinisches Museum. XXVII.
Ratzel, Friedrich, Völkerkunde. I.-III. Leipzig. 1885-1888.
Read, Charles H., On the Origin and Sacred Character of Certain
Ornaments of the S.E. Pacific. In Journal of the Anthropological
Institute. XXI.
Reade, W. Winwood, Savage Africa. London, 1863.
Reade, W. Winwood, The African Sketch-book. I.-II. London, 1873.
Réclus, Élie, L’Âme comme souffle, ombre et reflet. Édition de la
“Société nouvelle.” (Bruxelles), 1896.
Réclus, Élie, Les primitifs. Paris, 1885.
Reeves, Edward, Brown Men and Women: or, The South Sea Islands in 1895
and 1896. London, 1898.
Rengger, J. R., Naturgeschichte der Saeugethiere von Paraguay. Basel,
1830.
Report of the Bureau of Ethnology. See Annual Report.
Report on the Work of the Horn Scientific Expedition to Central
Australia. Part IV. Anthropology. Edited by Baldwin Spencer. London
and Melbourne, 1896.
Revue Critique. Paris.
Revue des deux mondes. Paris.
Revue philosophique. Paris.
Rheinisches Museum für Philologie, Geschichte und griechische
Philosophie. Bonn.
Ribot, Th., Psychologie de l’attention. Paris, 1889.
Ribot, Th., The Psychology of the Emotions. London, 1897.
Richardson, John, Arctic Searching Expedition. A Journal of a
Boat-Voyage through Rupert’s Land and the Arctic Sea. I.-II. London,
1851.
Rienzi, G. L. Domeny de, Océanie: revue géographique et
ethnographique. I.-III. Paris, 1836-1837. (L’univers pittoresque.)
Ritchie, David, Darwinism and Politics. Second edition, with two
additional essays on Human Evolution. London, 1891.
Robley, Major-General, Moko; or Maori Tattooing. London, 1896.
Rochas d’Aiglun, Albert de, L’extériorisation de la sensibilité. 3ième
éd. Paris, 1895.
Rohde, Erwin, Psyche. Seelencult und Unsterblichkeitsglaube der
Griechen. Freiburg i. B. und Leipzig, 1894.
Romanes, George J., Animal Intelligence. 3rd ed. London, 1883.
Romanes, George J., Darwin and after Darwin. I.-III. London, 1892-1897.
Romanes, George J., Mental Evolution in Man. Origin of Human Faculty.
London, 1888.
Romilly, Hugh Hastings, From my Verandah in New Guinea. With an
Introduction by Andrew Lang. London, 1889.
Romilly, Hugh Hastings, The Western Pacific and New Guinea. Second
edition. London, 1887.
Roth, H. Ling, The Aborigines of Tasmania. Preface by Edward B. Tylor.
London, 1890.
Roth, Walter E., Ethnological Studies among the North-West Central
Queensland Aborigines. Brisbane and London, 1897.
Ruskin, John, Modern Painters. I.-VI. Orpington, 1888.
Ruskin, John, The Laws of Fésole. Orpington, 1879.
Ruskin, John, Lectures on Art. 5th ed. London, 1890.
Ruskin, John, The Queen of the Air: being a Study of the Greek Myths
of Cloud and Storm. London, 1869.
St. John, Spenser, Life in the Forests of the Far East; or, Travels in
Northern Borneo. I.-II. 2nd ed., revised. London, 1863.
Salvado, R., Voyage en Australie. Traduit de l’ltalien par Charles
Auberive. Paris, 1861.
Sarasin, Paul und Fritz, Ergebnisse naturwissenschaftlicher
Forschungen auf Ceylon. Dritter Band. Die Weddas von Ceylon.
Wiesbaden, 1892-1893.
Savage, John, Some Account of New Zealand, particularly the Bay of
Islands, etc. London, 1807.
Sayce, A. H., Introduction to the Science of Language. I.-II. London,
1880.
Scherer, Wilhelm, Poetik. Berlin, 1888.
Schiller, Über die ästhetische Erziehung des Menschen.
Schlegel, A. W. von, Sämmtliche Werke. I.-XII. Leipzig, 1846-47.
Schmeltz, J. D. E. und Krause, R., Die ethnographisch-anthropologische
Abtheilung des Museum Godeffroy in Hamburg. Hamburg, 1881.
Schmeltz, J. D. E. _See_ Clercq, F. S. A. de.
Schmidkunz, Hans, Psychologie der Suggestion. Mit
ärztlich-psychologischen Ergänzungen von Franz Carl Gerster.
Stuttgart, 1892.
Schmidt, Emil, Ceylon. Berlin, s.a.
Schneider, Georg Heinrich, Der thierische Wille. Leipzig, 1880.
Schneider, Wilhelm, Die Naturvölker: Missverständnisse, Missdeutungen
und Misshandlungen. I.-II. Paderborn und Münster, 1885-1886.
Schomburgk, Richard, Reisen in British Guiana in den Jahren 1840-1844.
I.-III. Leipzig, 1847-1848.
Schoolcraft, Henry R., Information respecting the History, Condition,
and Prospects of the Indian Tribes of the United States. I.-VI.
Philadelphia, 1851-1860.
Schürmann, C. W., The Port Lincoln Tribe. In Woods, J. D., The Native
Tribes of South Australia.
Schurtz, H., Amulette und Zaubermittel. In Archiv für Anthropologie.
XXII. 1893.
Schurtz, H., Das Augenornament und verwandte Probleme. In Abhandlungen
d. k. s. Gesellsch. d. Wissenschaften. XXXVI. 1895.
Schurtz, H., Grundzüge einer Philosophie der Tracht (mit besonderer
Berücksichtigung der Negertrachten). Stuttgart, 1891.
Schweinfurth, Georg, Artes Africanae. Illustrations and Descriptions
of Productions of the Industrial Arts of Central African Tribes.
Leipzig and London, 1875.
Schweinfurth, Georg, Im Herzen von Africa. I.-II. Leipzig, 1874.
Scott, Colin A., Sex and Art. In The American Journal of Psychology.
VII. 1896.
Seckendorff, G. von, Vorlesungen über Deklamation und Mimik. I.-II.
Braunschweig, 1816.
Selenka, Emil und Lenore, Sonnige Welten. Ostasiatische Reise-Skizzen.
Wiesbaden, 1896.
Shelley, Percy Bysshe, A Defence of Poetry. Edited with Introduction
and Notes by Albert S. Cook. Boston, 1891.
Shooter, Joseph, The Kafirs of Natal and the Zulu Country. London,
1857.
Shortland, Edward, The Southern Districts of New Zealand. London, 1851.
Shortland, Edward, Traditions and Superstitions of the New Zealanders.
London, 1854.
Sirr, Henry Charles, Ceylon and the Cingalese. I.-II. London, 1850.
Sittl, Karl, Geschichte der griechischen Literatur bis auf Alexander
den Grossen. I.-III. München, 1884-87.
Skeat, Walter William, Malay Magic, being an Introduction to the
Folk-lore and Popular Religion of the Malay Peninsula. With a Preface
by Charles Otto Blagden. London, 1900.
Smith, Adam, The Theory of Moral Sentiments. New ed. London, 1853.
Smith, Edmond Reuel, The Araucanians; or, Notes of a Tour among the
Indian Tribes of Southern Chili. New York, 1855.
Smithsonian Institution. _See_ Annual Report.
Smyth, R. Brough, The Aborigines of Victoria: with Notes relating to
the Habits of the Natives of other Parts of Australia and Tasmania.
I.-II. London, 1878.
Soldi, Émile, La langue sacrée. La cosmoglyphie. Le mystère de la
création. Paris, 1897.
Somerville, Boyle T., Notes on some Islands of the New Hebrides. In
Journ. Anthr. Inst. XXIII.
Souriau, Paul, L’esthétique du mouvement. Paris, 1889.
Sparrman, Anders, Resa till Goda Hopps-Udden, Södra Polarkretsen och
omkring jordklotet. I., 1-2. II. Stockholm, 1783-1818.
Spencer, Baldwin, and Gillen, J. F., The Native Tribes of Central
Australia. London, 1899.
Spencer, Baldwin. _See_ Report of the Work of the Horn Expedition.
Spencer, Herbert, Descriptive Sociology; or, Groups of Sociological
Facts, classified and arranged. Compiled and abstracted by David
Duncan, Richard Scheppig, and James Collier. Division I., Nos. 3, 4,
5, 6. London, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1878; Division II., Nos. 2, 7. London,
1874, 1880; Division III., Nos. 1, 8. London, 1873, 1881.
Spencer, Herbert, Essays: Scientific, Political, and Speculative.
I.-III. Library ed. London, 1891.
Spencer, Herbert, The Principles of Psychology. I.-II. 3rd ed. London,
1890.
Spencer, Herbert, The Principles of Sociology. Vol. I. Third edition,
revised and enlarged. London and Edinburgh, 1885. Vol. II. London and
Edinburgh. 1879-82. Vol. III. London and Edinburgh, 1896.
Sproat, Gilbert Malcolm, Scenes and Studies of Savage Life. London,
1868.
Stanley, Hiram M., Studies in the Evolutionary Psychology of Feeling.
London, 1895.
Starcke, C. N., The Primitive Family in its Origin and Development.
London, 1889.
Stein, K. Heinrich von, Goethe und Schiller. Beiträge zur Ästhetik der
deutschen Klassiker. Leipzig, s.a.
Steinen, Karl von den, Durch Central-Brasilien. Expedition zur
Erforschung des Schingú im Jahre 1884. Leipzig, 1886.
Steinen, Karl von den, Unter den Naturvölkern Central-Brasiliens:
Reiseschilderungen und Ergebnisse der zweiten Schingú-Expedition,
1887-1888. Berlin, 1894.
Stern, Paul, Einfühlung und Association in der neueren Ästhetik. Ein
Beitrag zur psychologischen Analyse der ästhetischen Anschauung.
Hamburg und Leipzig, 1898.
Stevens, Hrolf Vaughan, Materialien zur Kenntniss der wilden Stämme
auf der Halbinsel Malâka. In Veröffentlichungen aus dem königlichen
Museum für Völkerkunde. Band II. Hefte 3-4. 1892.
Stevenson, Matilda Coxe, The Sia. In Annual Report of the Bureau of
Ethnology, XI.
Stevenson, Mrs. Tilly E., The Religious Life of the Zuñi Child. In
Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology. V.
Stewart, Dugald, Elements of the Philosophy of the Human Mind. I.-III.
London, 1792-1827.
Stewart, Dugald, Philosophical Essays. Edinburgh, 1810.
Stirling, E. C., Anthropology. In Report of the Work of the Horn
Scientific Expedition. Part IV. Edited by Baldwin Spencer.
Stokes, J. Lort, Discoveries in Australia; in the Years 1837-43.
I.-II. London, 1846.
Stoll, Otto, Suggestion und Hypnotismus in der Völkerpsychologie.
Leipzig, 1894.
Stolpe, Hjalmar, Ueber die Tätowirung der Oster-Insulaner. In
Abhandlungen und Berichte des k. zool. und anthropol.-ethnogr. Museums
zu Dresden, 1899. Festschrift für A. B. Meyer.
Stolpe, Hjalmar, Utvecklingsföreteelser i naturfolkens ornamentik. In
Ymer. 1890-91.
Stout, G. F., Analytic Psychology. I.-II. London, 1896.
Stout, G. F., A Manual of Psychology. London, 1899.
Stricker, S., Studien über die Bewegungsvorstellungen. Wien, 1882.
Sully, James, The Human Mind. A Text-Book of Psychology. I.-II.
London, 1892.
Sully-Prudhomme [René François Armand], L’expression dans les
beaux-arts. Application de la psychologie à l’étude de l’artiste et
des beaux-arts. (Œuvres de Sully-Prudhomme. III.) Paris, 1883.
Svoboda, Adalbert, Kritische Geschichte der Ideale. I. Leipzig, 1886.
Svoboda, W., Die Bewohner des Nicobaren Archipels. In Internationales
Archiv für Ethnographie. V.
Swettenham, Frank Athelstane, Malay Sketches. London and New York,
1895.
Symons, Arthur, The Symbolist Movement in Literature. London, 1899.
Taine, H., De l’idéal dans l’art. Paris, 1867.
Taine, H., Philosophie de l’art. Paris, 1865.
Taplin, G., The Folk-lore, Manners, Customs, and Languages of the
South Australian Aborigines. First Series. Adelaide, 1879.
Taplin, G., The Narrinyeri. In Woods, J. D., The Native Tribes of
South Australia.
Taprobanian, The, A Dravidian Journal of Oriental Studies in and
around Ceylon. Edited by Hugh Nevill. Bombay.
Tarde, G., Études pénales et sociales. Lyon et Paris, 1892.
Tarde, G., Foules et sectes au point de vue criminel. In Revue des
deux mondes. Tome CXX. 1893.
Tarde, G., La logique sociale. Paris, 1895.
Taylor, Richard, Te Ika a Maui; or, New Zealand and its Inhabitants.
London, 1870.
Tennent, James Emerson, Ceylon. 5th ed., thoroughly revised. I.-II.
London, 1860.
Tetens, Alf., und Johann Kubary, Die Karolineninsel Yap oder Guap. In
Journal des Museum Godeffroy. II.
Thomson, Arthur S., The Story of New Zealand: Past and Present—Savage
and Civilized. I.-II. London, 1859.
Tilskueren. Kjøbenhavn.
Tolstoy, Leo, What is Art? Translated by A. Maude. London, 1899.
Transactions of the Ethnological Society of London. London.
Turner, George, Nineteen Years in Polynesia: Missionary Life, Travels,
and Researches in the Islands of the Pacific. London, 1861.
Turner, George, Samoa a Hundred Years ago and long before. With a
Preface by E. B. Tylor. London, 1884.
Tylor, Edward B., Primitive Culture. I.-II. London, 1891.
Tylor, Edward B., Researches into the early History of Mankind and the
Development of Civilization. 3rd ed., revised. London, 1878.
U.S. Geol. and Geogr. Survey. _See_ Annual Report, and Powers, Stephan.
Vancouver, George, A Voyage of Discovery to the North Pacific Ocean,
and round the World, etc., performed in the Years 1790-95. I.-III.
London, 1798.
Van Dyke, John C., Principles of Art. New York, 1887.
Van Ende, U., Histoire naturelle de la croyance. Première partie.
L’animal. Paris, 1887.
Varigny, C. de, Quatorze ans aux Îles Sandwich. Paris, 1874.
Verhandlungen der Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, Ethnologie
und Urgeschichte. Berlin.
Vernon Lee and Anstruther Thompson, Beauty and Ugliness. In The
Contemporary Review. Vol. LXXII. 1897.
Veröffentlichungen aus dem königlichen Museum für Völkerkunde. Berlin.
Vischer, Friederich Theodor, Aesthetik oder Wissenschaft des Schönen.
I.-III. Reutlingen und Leipzig, 1846-1857.
Vodskov, H. S., Sjæledyrkelse og Naturdyrkelse. Bidrag til
Bestemmelsen af den mytologiske Metode. Förste Bind: Rig-Veda og Edda.
Kjøbenhavn, 1890.
Wagner, Richard, Gesammelte Schriften und Dichtungen. I.-X. Leipzig,
1871-83.
Waitz, Theodor, Anthropologie der Naturvölker. I.-VI. (Theil VI. von
G. Gerland.) Leipzig, 1859-72.
Walhouse, M. J., Some Account of a Leaf-wearing Tribe on the Western
Coast of India. In Journal of the Anthropological Institute. IV.
Walkley, A. B., Frames of Mind. London, 1899.
Wallace, Alfred Russel, Darwinism: an Exposition of the Theory of
Natural Selection, with some of its Applications. London, 1889.
Wallace, Alfred Russel, Tropical Nature, and other Essays. London,
1878.
Wallaschek, Richard, Natural Selection and Music. In International
Congress of Experimental Psychology. Second Session. 1892.
Wallaschek, Richard, On the Difference of Time and Rhythm in Music. In
Mind. IV.
Wallaschek, Richard, Primitive Music. An Inquiry into the Origin and
Development of Music, Songs, Instruments, Dances, and Pantomimes of
Savage Races. London, 1893.
Ward, Herbert, Ethnographical Notes relating to the Congo Tribes. In
Journal of the Anthropological Institute. XXIV.
Welcker, F. G., Kleine Schriften zur griechischen
Litteraturgeschichte. I. Bonn, 1844.
Westermarck, Edward, The History of Human Marriage. 2nd ed. London,
1894.
Weston, Walter, Customs and Superstitions in the Highlands of Central
Japan. In Journal of the Anthropological Institute. XXVI.
Wilken, G. A., Handleiding voor de Vergelijkende Volkenkunde van
Nederlandsch-Indië. Leiden, 1893.
Williams, Thomas, Fiji and the Fijians; Extended, with Notices of
Recent Events; by James Calvert. Edited by George Stringer Rowe.
London, 1870.
Wilson, C. T., and Felkin, R. W., Uganda and the Egyptian Soudan.
I.-II. London, 1882.
Winterbottom, Thomas, An Account of the Native Africans in the
Neighbourhood of Sierra Leone. I.-II. London, 1803.
Wissmann, Hermann von, Im innern Afrikas. 3. Aufl. Leipzig, 1891.
Wissmann, Hermann von, Unter deutscher Flagge quer durch Afrika von
West nach Ost. Von 1880 bis 1883 aus geführt. Berlin, 1889.
Woldt, A., Die Kultusgegenstände der Golden und Giljaken. In
Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie. I.
Wood, J. G., The Natural History of Man; being an Account of the
Manners and Customs of the uncivilised Races of Men. I.-II. London,
1868-1870.
Woods, J. D., The Native Tribes of South Australia. Adelaide, 1879.
Wundt, Wilhelm, Ethik. Eine Untersuchung der Thatsachen und Gesetze
des sittlichen Lebens. Zweite umgearb. Aufl. Stuttgart, 1892.
Wundt, Wilhelm, Zur Lehre von den Gemüthsbewegungen. In Philosophische
Studien. VI.
Wuttke, Heinrich, Geschichte der Schrift und des Schriftthums von
den rohen Anfangen des Schreibens in der Tatuirung bis zur Legung
elektromagnetischer Drähte. Leipzig, 1872.
Wzn, C. M. Pleyte, Zur Kenntnis der religiösen Anschauungen der
Bataks. In Globus. Vol. LX.
Ymer. Tidskrift utgifven af Svenska sällskapet för antropologi och
geografi. Stockholm.
Zacker, Konrad, Kampf des Sommers und Winters. In Globus. XXXI.
Zeitschrift für Ethnologie. Berlin.
Zeitschrift für Völkerpsychologie und Sprachwissenschaft. Leipzig.
Ziemssen, H. von, Cyclopædia of the Practice of Medicine. Transl.
I.-XVIII. London, 1875-1881.
Zoysa, Louis de, Note on the Origin of the Veddas, with a few
Specimens of their Songs and Charms. In Journal of the Ceylon Branch
of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1881. Vol. VII. Part II.
INDEX OF AUTHORS
Abbott, 287
Abercromby, 173
Acosta, 252, 266
Agrippa, 282
Ahlqvist, 159, 211
Allen, 8, 194
Amiel, 32, 38
Andree, 176, 280, 294
Angas, 67, 220, 259, 266, 270
Archer, 53
Aristotle, 23
Aubry, 82
Bailey, 237
Bain, 32, 33, 44
Baker, 236
Baldwin, 14, 24, 25, 79
Balfour, 147
Bancroft, 270, 272
Barrington, 198
Bartels, 67
Bashkirtseff, 61
Batchelor, 67, 159
Baumgarten, 1, 2
Beccari, 195
Beecham, 265
Berchon, 233
Bérenger-Féraud, 278, 283, 284, 286
Bernays, 60
Bernier, 67
Bidwill, 262, 264, 269
Binet, 81, 197
Binger, 226, 287
Blumentritt, 234, 235, 266
Boccaccio, 68
Bock, 227, 290
Böhme, 252
Bonghi, 283
Bonwick, 159, 160
Bosanquet, 2
Bouillier, 32, 37, 51
Bourget, 122
Bourgoing, 89
Bourke, 67, 169
Brehm, 84, 189, 199
Brenner, 234, 235, 259, 291
Bridges, 165
Brière, 283
Brinton, 63, 67, 156, 174, 211, 212, 236, 285
Broca, 252
Brown, Baldwin, 111
Brown, John, 94, 185
Bücher, 88, 106, 254, 255, 257, 259
Büchner, 194, 243
Buckland, 226
Buffon, 192
Burchell, 222
Burke, 77
Burton, 152, 179, 224, 233, 251, 252, 254, 259, 266
Cahusac, 94, 266
Calmeil, 61
Calvert, 267
Cameron, 182
Campanella, 77
Campbell, 263
Carlyle, 123
Carpenter, 134
Carver, 92, 183, 266
Casalis, 262, 266, 285, 287
Castrén, 285
Catlin, 11
Chamisso, 159
Champfleury, 68
Chappuy, 159
Charcot and Richer, 109
Chardin, 254
Clapperton, 158
Clavigero, 271
Clercq, de, 291
Codrington, 165, 175
Colden, 266
Collins, 182, 285
Combarieu, 108
Cook, 66, 158, 166, 233, 236, 245, 246, 262, 264, 266, 267, 269
Cornish, 194
Crane, 184
Cranz, 66, 152, 165
Crawley, 218, 244
Creuzer, 107
Cruickshank, 160, 175
Cruise, 262
Curr, 67, 152, 159, 226, 235, 246, 279
Czervinski, 266
Dale, 182
Dall, 66
Dalton, 234, 262, 283, 300
Darwin, 32, 33, 48, 187, 189, 191, 194, 195, 198, 201, 232, 238
Davy, 237
Day, 67, 160
Delbœuf, 35
Deschamps, 237
Dieffenbach, 225, 236, 254, 279
Digby, 281
Dobrizhoffer, 180, 226, 268
Düben, 79
Dumont, 32, 35
Dupuis, 267
Dyer, 111
Earle, 154, 262, 276
Ehrenreich, 160
Elliot, 224
Ellis, A. B., 220, 224, 226, 233, 279, 291, 295
Ellis, Havelock, 19, 218
Ellis, W., 66, 179, 233, 244, 262, 267, 268
Elworthy, 217
Emmanuel, 106, 109
Engel, 24, 95
Erman, 160, 174
Espinas, 84, 188, 192, 199
Eyre, 160, 233, 268
Faguet, 59
Farrer, 271, 285
Fechner, 40
Féré, 30, 40, 44, 94, 199, 252, 256, 257
Fewkes, 170
Figuier, 61
Finsch, 175, 215, 216, 220, 227, 269, 272
Fison, 182
Flaubert, 40
Forbes, Fr. E., 179, 251, 262
Forbes, H. O., 180, 235
Fornander, 161, 178
Fouillée, 76
Fraser, 153, 225, 262, 284
Frazer, 182, 219, 226, 278, 279, 280, 283, 284, 287, 293
Freycinet, 67
Fritsch, 216, 237, 248, 262, 263
Fytche, 226
Gaidoz, 286
Gason, 67, 283
Gautier, 4
Geddes and Thomson, 189
Gill, 160, 178, 179, 233, 244, 255
Godden, 222, 226
Godfernaux, 44, 94
Goethe, 105
Goncourt, 40, 68, 80
Gooneratne, 291
Gratiolet, 32
Grey, 159, 178, 267
Grimm, 283, 284
Groos, 20, 26, 27, 59, 75, 78, 108, 146, 156, 172, 197, 199,
200, 232, 261
Grosse, 8, 87, 92, 225, 270
Grove, 254, 284
Guaita, 289
Gurney, 230
Guyau, 8, 13, 19, 28
Haddon, 147, 184, 225, 287, 300
Hall, 220
Hamilton, Aug., 275
Hamilton, W., 33, 37, 51, 54
Hanslick, 7
Hansson, 122
Harless, 80
Harnack, 130, 136
Hartland, 67, 219, 278, 280, 284
Hecker, 68
Heckewelder, 266
Hein, 271, 273, 274
Hellwald, 197
Helvetius, 61
Hemsterhuis, 122
Hennequin, 8
Herckenrath, 59
Heriot, 225, 268
Hernsheim, 262
Hickson, 235
Higgins, 169
Hill, 111
Hill and Thornton, 237
Hirn, 36, 46, 54, 116, 169, 170, 199, 275
Hirth, 135
Hoffman, 176
Hoffmeister, 237
Hogarth, 76
Holmes, Edm., 134
Holmes, William H., 147
Holub, 237
Holz, 117
Home, 76, 155
Howitt, 182
Hudson, 26, 198, 231
Humboldt, 212
Hyades, 164, 165, 237
Im Thurn, 158, 176, 226
Jacobowski, 94
Jagor, 235
James, 44, 48, 51-53
Jefferies, 61
Joest, 66, 212, 220, 222, 233, 234, 267, 272
Johnston, 226, 244, 246, 248
Johnstone, 92, 248, 276
Jouffroy, 75
Kane, 167
Kant, 2, 8, 32
Keating, 67
Kidd, 248
Kierkegaard, 38, 63
Kingsley, 152, 159, 174, 224, 226
Kirby, 220
Kleinpaul, 217
Kleinschmidt, 165, 262
Koeler, 225, 233
Kolbe, 263
Kollman, 257
Kotzebue, 159, 279
Kreemer, 284
Kubary, 220, 221, 265
Kussmaul, 151
Lafitau, 262
Lagrange, 256
Laing, 180, 217, 233, 259
Landa, de, 291
Lander, 67, 158, 226
Lang, A., 67, 279, 283
Lang, G., 237, 266
Lange, Carl, 44, 54, 62, 97
Lange, Julius, 105, 134
Le Bon, 82
Leconte de Lisle, 137
Lehmann, 31, 33, 34, 46, 54, 58
Lenormant, 287
Lenz, 160, 255
Lessing, 60
Lethermann, 166
Letourneau, 271
Levertin, 159
Lewin, 234, 235, 254, 262, 300
Lichtenberg, 96
Lichtenstein, 11
Lindsay, 194
Lippert, 209, 212, 224
Lipps, 75, 76
Lisiansky, 216
Livingstone, 265
Lloyd, G. T., 167
Lloyd, L., 189
Lobeck, 59, 65
Logau, 38
Lombroso, 40
Lubbock, 166, 174, 220
Lucretius, 293
Lukianos, 266
Lumholtz, 67, 285
Lütke, 220, 245, 262
Macpherson, 270
Magitot, 208
Mallery, 151, 152, 153, 156, 157, 176, 227
Man, 67, 222, 224
Maning, 270
Mann, 265
Mantegazza, 32, 50, 229, 267
March, 10, 134, 147
Markham, 179, 236, 254
Marques, 233, 262
Marryat, 274
Marsden, 219, 234, 235
Marshall, H. R., 6, 22, 24, 25, 34, 35-37, 40, 54, 57, 66
Marshall, W. E., 224
Martial, 164
Martin, 92, 235
Mason, 255
Mathew, 159, 233
Mathews, 233, 247
Matthews, 166, 292, 295
Maupassant, 94
Metz, 159, 217
Meyer, 177
Michelet, 40, 68, 110
Mill, 100
Milton, 282
Mitchell, 261
Molière, 64
Mollien, 160
Mooney, 172
Morgan, 11, 236, 266
Moseley, 216
Motolinia, 287
Mouat, 67
Müller, Fr., 233, 234
Muller, H., 259
Mulsant, 196
Mundy, 262
Musters, 279
Nachtigal, 233
Nagele, 271
Nevill, 237
Nietzsche, 103, 113
Nilsson, 189, 194, 201
Noiré, 255
Nyrop, 286
Oldfield, 158
Oviedo, 179
Papin, 281
Paracelsus, 282, 285
Parker, 182
Paulhan, 44, 51
Péron, 67
Perraud, 108
Peschel, 285
Petherick, 160
Poe, 122
Polack, 92, 159, 175, 179, 257, 270, 272
Posnett, 179, 276, 298
Poulton, 201
Powers, 262, 284, 287
Preller, 65
Preyer, 80
Pritchard, 67, 179, 268
Quilter, 131
Raffles, 290
Rafinesque, 156
Ralston, 283, 284
Rapp, 112
Ratzel, 218, 259
Read, 10
Reade, 11, 254
Réclus, 59, 173, 217, 293, 300
Reeves, 245, 262
Rengger, 253
Ribot, 40, 44, 63, 188
Richardson, 270
Rienzi, 92, 160, 233, 235, 259
Ritchie, 12
Robley, 66, 175, 222, 225
Rochas, 280, 281, 287, 290, 294
Rohde, 112
Romanes, 151, 194
Romilly, 165, 244, 272, 287
Roth, Ling, 67, 224
Roth, W. E., 153, 158, 216, 226, 237, 283
Ruskin, 6, 107, 181, 134
St. John, 160
Salvado, 254, 267
Sarasin, 224, 237, 244
Savage, 244
Sayce, 151, 153
Scherer, 60
Schiller, 8, 26
Schlegel, 87
Schmeltz, 175, 217, 220
Schmidkunz, 74, 79, 257
Schmidt, 237
Schneider, G. H., 192, 199
Schneider, W., 66, 160, 217, 222
Schomburgk, 265
Schoolcraft, 66, 166, 183, 265, 266, 276
Schürmann, 233
Schurtz, 206, 217, 218, 246, 291
Schweinfurth, 175, 268
Scott, 238
Seckendorff, 95
Selenka, 235, 274, 284, 287
Seneca, 24
Shelley, 59
Shooter, 179, 268
Shortland, 154, 225, 259, 262
Sirr, 217
Sittl, 59
Skeat, 283, 287, 290, 291
Smith, Adam, 74, 84
Smith, E. R., 255
Smyth, 66, 224, 259, 262
Soldi, 284
Somerville, 217
Souriau, 89, 256
Sparrman, 233, 263
Spencer and Gillen, 152, 167, 173, 219, 226, 233, 237, 280
Spencer, Herbert, 8, 21, 26, 37, 48, 49, 51, 67, 76, 79, 92, 109,
165, 166, 170, 179, 198, 222, 226, 229, 246, 248, 253, 258, 259,
261, 263, 267, 268, 279, 287
Sproat, 267
Stanley, 77
Starcke, 226
Stein, 130, 136
Steinen, 153, 156, 161, 168, 176, 216, 222, 224, 226, 268
Stern, 75
Stevens, 224
Stevenson, M. C., 283, 284
Stevenson, T. E., 284
Stewart, 53, 74, 76, 77, 80, 153
Stirling, 152, 226, 227
Stokes, 227
Stoll, 61, 79, 285, 292
Stolpe, 10, 223
Stout, 36, 37, 44
Strange, 196
Stricker, 77
Sturt, 79
Sully, 54, 57
Sully-Prudhomme, 95, 99
Svoboda, A., 217, 300
Svoboda, W., 177
Swettenham, 79
Symons, 122
Taine, 6, 23, 118, 119, 130, 131, 134
Taplin, 159, 160, 224, 226, 233, 251
Tarde, 74, 94, 149, 287
Taylor, 59, 66, 67, 287
Tennent, 237
Tennyson, 64
Tetens, 220, 262
Thompson, 76, 91, 97