The processes of lead working are executed by manual dexterity acquired
by long practice, and to do the work properly requires many special
tools. Some of these are used in common with other departments of
mechanics, but are none the less necessary in lead working.
We present cuts of the principal tools used, some of which are
self-explaining, and some are named with further description of
particular use.
[Illustration: Fig. 162.]
Fig. 162 represents one form of the plumber’s tap borer or reamer used
for making and enlarging holes in pipe.
[Illustration: Fig. 163.]
Fig. 163 represents plumber’s snips.
[Illustration: Fig. 164.]
Fig. 164 is the well-known and always useful ladle.
[Illustration: Fig. 165.]
Fig. 165 is the round nose pein hammer, used in plumber’s work to open
the inside pipe before jointing.
[Illustration: Fig. 166.]
Fig. 166 is the plumb bob. The same cut will also convey an idea of the
wooden instrument used to force open the pipe before jointing, _i.e._,
“the turn pin.”
[Illustration: Fig. 167.]
Fig. 167 represents “the round nose chisel.”
[Illustration: Fig. 168.]
Fig. 168 is the “wood chisel” used in cutting away wood work.
[Illustration: Fig. 169.]
Fig. 169 is the well-known “cape chisel.”
[Illustration: Fig. 170.]
Fig. 170 is the half round chisel.
[Illustration: Fig. 171.]
Fig. 171 is the equally well-known “flat cold chisel.”
[Illustration: Fig. 172.]
Fig. 172 is the “diamond point chisel.”
[Illustration: Fig. 173.]
Fig. 173 shows a rivet set for small work connected with plumbing and
sheet metal work.
[Illustration: Fig. 174.]
Fig. 174 exhibits the plumber’s torch; this is also used by engineers
to explore interiors of boilers, chimney flues, and other dark places
about the steam plant.
Fig. 175 is a compass saw.
Fig. 176 is a double-edged plumber’s saw.
Fig. 177 is a spirit level.
Fig. 178 is a looking-glass used in making underhand joints and in many
useful ways about a steam plant.
[Illustration: Fig. 175.]
[Illustration: Fig. 176.]
[Illustration: Fig. 177.]
[Illustration: Fig. 178.]
[Illustration: Fig. 179.]
Fig. 179 is a caulking tool.
[Illustration: Fig. 180.]
Fig. 180 is a gasket chisel.
[Illustration: Fig. 181.]
Fig. 181 is a soldering tool known among plumbers as “a copper pointed
bolt.”
[Illustration: Fig. 182.]
Fig. 182 is a copper-pointed bolt, flat.
[Illustration: Fig. 183.]
Fig. 183 represents a hanger, for suspending iron and lead pipe; its
excellence consists in enabling pipes to be raised or lowered after
being hung without taking the hanger apart.