Shall or will Yeve; active participle Yeving; passive participle
Yeven, frequently, and sometimes Yewin, Yoven, Yeoven, Yevin, and
Yevyn.
Yede, Yode, went, preterite of A. S. gán _to go_.
To Yield--in the preterite Yald, Yalt, or Yold; in the participle
Yelde, Yold, Yolde, Yolden.
_His_, or sometimes _Is_, is used after a masculine substantive as
the sign of the genitive case, and occasionally united with the
substantive, as, Kinghis. It occurs sometimes, though rarely, after
a feminine substantive, as, “The Queen his affairs,” “The Queen is
favour;” but _her_ is more commonly used in that case, as, “Elizabeth
Holland her house.”
OUT.
A compositor usually says, I am out, meaning he has set out his page,
form, or copy.--_M._
When a compositor has omitted a word or words, a line, a sentence,
a paragraph, a page or a leaf of copy, which sometimes does happen,
each of these omissions is called an Out: thus we say, _An out of a
word--of two words--of a line_, &c.
OUTER FORM.
The form that has the first page of the sheet in it. It is usual to
work this form the last. _See_ LAY ON.
OUT OF COPY.
A compositor is said to be out of copy when he has composed all that
is in his possession, and there is no supply for him to go on with.
It is also termed standing still for copy.
OUT OF LETTER.
When a compositor has no letter in his cases, and none to distribute,
he is said to be out of letter.
OUT OF REGISTER.
Bad Register.--_M._ When the pages on both sides of a sheet do not
print exactly upon each other; or when line does not fall upon line,
where they are intended to do so; or folios are not justified in the
middle of the line; or when any thing on one side of a sheet does
not print exactly on the back of a similar thing on the opposite
side, which it is meant to do, it is said to be _Out of Register_, or
_Out_, or _It does not Register_, or _It is not in Register_.
OUT-PAGE.
In octavos, twelves, sixteens, every outside page in a sheet is
called an _Out-Page_; the rest are called _In-Pages_.--_M._
OUTSIDE QUIRES.
The two quires on the outside of every ream of paper delivered from
the maker; they have never more than twenty sheets in each, all of
which are either damaged or torn, more or less. These quires are also
called _Cassie Quires_, and _Cording Quires_. It is now uncommon to
send any outside quires to letter-press printers; the paper sent to
them for use being what is termed _Perfect_.
OUTSIDERS. _See_ NEWSPAPERS.
OVERFLOWING CASE. _See_ CASE RUNS OVER.
OVERLAYS.
Pieces of paper pasted on the tympan sheet, or on a sheet between the
tympans, to increase the pressure on particular parts of a form, to
make the impression more regular, or more perfect. _See_ ENGRAVINGS
ON WOOD. FINE PRESSWORK. MAKING READY.
OVERPLUS. _See_ WASTE.
OVERRUN.
If in a proof any matter is marked to be taken out, or to be
inserted, in a page, or pages, it will be necessary to take matter
from one page to another, to preserve them of a proper length, this
is termed overrunning: it may be a few words only in a paragraph,
and not extending beyond it; in this case it is termed overrunning a
paragraph.
The best method of overrunning matter is to take the lines into a
composing stick; the spacing and the justifying of the lines are
better preserved by this means, than by spacing out upon the stone in
the form, and feeling the ends of the lines with the fingers.
OVERSEER.
The manager or superintendent of a printing office. The duties of
an overseer vary according to the size of the establishment, and
the part that his principal takes in its management; but, generally
speaking, he has the sole conducting of the practical department,
receiving his general directions from the principal, and seeing that
they are carried into execution in a proper manner. It is requisite,
as a matter of course, that he should be intimately and practically
acquainted with the business in all its details. It is of importance
to the concern where he has the management, that he should blend
urbanity with firmness; and show judgment and impartiality in giving
out work, so that the business should proceed with regularity, and
with satisfaction to all parties.
P.
PAGE CORD.
Small twine with which the pages are tied round, to secure them
temporarily till they are imposed. Small net twine is the best, as
being stronger and more uniform in thickness than any other cord that
I have seen used for the purpose.
PAGE PAPER.
Stout paper cut up to the proper size, on which to place pages, till
they are wanted to be imposed.
The wrappers that come round bundles of paper are generally used,
for which the compositor applies to the warehouseman, who when he
has no wrappers, gives some of the stoutest waste paper that he has;
when it is not strong enough single the compositor uses it double.
Page papers are cut longer than a page of the work they are for, and
should be about an inch and a half broader than the width of the page
and turned up to the sides of it, so that when the compositor has
occasion to move his pages, he takes hold of both sides with one hand
including the sides of the page paper which supports the bottom of
the page.
Except the page papers be very stout, it would be running a risk to
place large quarto pages on them: in this case it will be better to
keep them on slices.
PALE COLOUR.
If there be not Blacking enough in the ink, or the form be beaten
with too lean balls, the work will be said to have a _Pale
Colour_.--M. The term is now applied only when there is a deficiency
of ink, so that the surface of the paper is not completely covered on
the impression of the types.
PAMPHLET.
Any work that does not exceed five sheets in octavo is termed a
pamphlet, and is paid something extra for at case, as a compensation
to the compositor for making up the letter and furniture without
having any return of either; the whole being generally put in chase.
_See_ SCALE OF PRICES.
PAMPHLETS.
Act 60 Geo. 3. c. 9.--To subject certain Publications to the
Duties of Stamps upon Newspapers, and to make other Regulations
for restraining the Abuses arising from the Publication of
Blasphemous and Seditious Libels.
First recites, that Pamphlets and printed Papers containing
Observations upon Public Events and Occurrences, tending to
excite Hatred and Contempt of the Government and Constitution of
these Realms as by Law established, and also vilifying our Holy
Religion, have lately been published in great Numbers, and at
very small Prices; and it is expedient that the same should be
restrained, and enacts;
s. 1. That all Pamphlets and Papers containing any Public News,
Intelligence, or Occurrences, or any Remarks or Observations
thereon, or upon any Matter in Church or State, printed in any
Part of the United Kingdom for Sale, and published periodically,
or in Parts or Numbers, at Intervals not exceeding Twenty-six
Days between the Publication of any Two such Pamphlets or Papers,
Parts or Numbers, where any of the said Pamphlets or Papers,
Parts or Numbers respectively, shall not exceed Two Sheets,
or shall be published for Sale for a less Sum than Sixpence,
exclusive of the Duty by this Act imposed thereon, shall be
deemed and taken to be Newspapers within the true Intent and
Meaning of several other Acts of Parliament now in force relating
to Newspapers; and be subject to such and the same Duties of
Stamps, with such and the same Allowances and Discounts, as
Newspapers printed in Great Britain and Ireland respectively now
are subject unto under and by virtue of the said recited Acts
of Parliament, and shall be printed, published, and distributed
under and subject to all such and the like Rules, Regulations,
Restrictions, Provisions, Penalties, and Forfeitures, as are
contained in the said recited Acts, or either of them.
s. 2. That no Quantity of Paper less than a Quantity equal to
Twenty-one Inches in Length and Seventeen Inches in Breadth, in
whatever Way or Form the same may be made, or may be divided into
Leaves, or in whatever Way the same may be printed, shall be
deemed or taken to be a Sheet of Paper within the Meaning and for
the Purposes of this Act.
s. 3. That no Cover or Blank Leaf, or any other Leaf upon which
any Advertisement or other Notice shall be printed, shall, for
the Purposes of this Act, be deemed or taken to be a Part of any
such Pamphlet, Paper, Part, or Number aforesaid.
s. 4. That all Pamphlets and Papers containing any Public News,
Intelligence, or Occurrences, or any such Remarks or Observations
as aforesaid, printed for Sale, and published periodically, or in
Parts or Numbers, at Intervals exceeding Twenty-six Days between
any Two such Pamphlets or Papers, Parts or Numbers, and which
said Pamphlets, Papers, Parts or Numbers respectively, shall not
exceed Two Sheets, or which shall be published for Sale at a
less Price than Sixpence, shall be first published on the First
Day of every Calendar Month, or within Two Days before or after
that Day, and at no other Time; and that if any Person or Persons
shall first publish or cause to be published any such Pamphlet,
Paper, Part, or Number aforesaid, on any other Day or Time, he
or they shall forfeit for every such Offence the Sum of Twenty
Pounds.
s. 5. That upon every Pamphlet or Paper containing any
Public News, Intelligence, or Occurrences, or any Remarks or
Observations thereon, or upon any Matter in Church or State,
printed in any Part of the United Kingdom for Sale, and
published periodically, or in Parts or Numbers, at Intervals
not exceeding Twenty-six Days between the Publication of any
Two such Pamphlets or Papers, Parts, or Numbers, and upon every
Part or Number thereof shall be printed the full Price at which
every such Pamphlet, Paper, Part, or Number shall be published
for Sale, and also the Day on which the same is first published;
and if any Person shall publish any such Pamphlet, Paper, Part
or Number, without the said Price and Day being printed thereon,
or if any Person shall at any Time within Two Months after the
Day of Publication printed thereon as aforesaid sell or expose to
sale any such Pamphlet, Paper, Part, or Number, or any Portion
or Part of such Pamphlet, Paper, Part, or Number, upon which the
Price so printed as aforesaid shall be Sixpence, or above that
Sum, for a less Price than the Sum of Sixpence, every such Person
shall for every such Offence forfeit and pay the Sum of Twenty
Pounds.
s. 6. Provided always, That nothing in this Act shall extend
or be construed to extend to subject any Person publishing any
Pamphlet or Paper to any Penalty for any Allowance in Price made
by the Person for whom and on whose Behalf, and for whose Profit,
Benefit, or Advantage, the same shall have been first published,
to any Bookseller, or Distributor, or other Person to whom the
same shall be sold for the Purpose of retailing the same.
s. 7. That all Pamphlets and Papers which are by this Act
declared to be subject to the Stamp Duties upon Newspapers, shall
be freed and discharged from all the Stamp Duties and Regulations
contained in any Act of Parliament relating to Pamphlets.
s. 8. That no Person, from and after Thirty Days after the
passing of this Act, shall print or publish for Sale, any
Newspaper, or any Pamphlet or other Paper containing any
Public News, Intelligence, or Occurrences, or any Remarks or
Observations thereon, or upon any Matter in Church or State,
which shall not exceed Two Sheets, or which shall be published
for Sale at a less Price than Sixpence, until he or she shall
have entered into a Recognizance, in the Sum of Three hundred
Pounds, if such Newspaper, Pamphlet, or Paper shall be printed
in London or within Twenty Miles thereof, and in the Sum of
Two hundred Pounds, if such Newspaper, &c. shall be printed
elsewhere in the United Kingdom, and his or her Sureties in a
like Sum in the Whole, conditioned that such Printer or Publisher
shall pay to his Majesty, his Heirs and Successors, every such
Fine or Penalty as may at any Time be imposed upon or adjudged
against him or her, by reason of any Conviction for printing or
publishing any blasphemous or seditious Libel, at any Time after
the entering into such Recognizance or executing such Bond; and
that every Person who shall print or first publish any such
Newspaper, Pamphlet, or other Paper, without having entered into
such Recognizance, or executed and delivered such Bond with such
Sureties as aforesaid, shall, for every such Offence, forfeit the
Sum of Twenty Pounds.
s. 9. If Sureties pay any Part of the Money for which they are
bound, or become Bankrupt, new Recognizance or Bond with Sureties
must be given.
s. 10. Provided Sureties may withdraw from Recognizance upon
giving Notice, and new Recognizance to be entered into.
s. 11. Bonds not to be subject to Stamp Duty.
s. 12. Lists of Recognizances and Bonds taken, to be transmitted
to Commissioners of Stamps in England, Scotland, and Ireland,
respectively.
s. 13. And whereas the Printer or Publisher of any Newspaper, and
of any Pamphlet and Paper hereby enacted to be deemed and taken
to be a Newspaper, will, after the passing of this Act, be bound
under and by virtue of the Provisions contained in the said Acts
made and passed in the Thirty-eighth and Fifty-fifth Years of his
Majesty’s Reign respectively, to deliver to the Commissioners
of Stamps in Great Britain and Ireland respectively, or some
Distributor of Stamps or other Officer, on the Day on which the
same is published, or within a certain Time afterwards, One of
the Newspapers, Pamphlets, or Papers so published, signed as
in the said Acts is respectively directed: And whereas it is
expedient that the same or similar Provisions and Regulations
should extend and be applied to all Pamphlets and Papers, whether
published periodically or not, and which shall contain any Public
News, Intelligence, or Occurrence, or any Remarks or Observations
thereon, or upon any Matter in Church or State, and which shall
not exceed Two Sheets as aforesaid, or which shall be published
for Sale at a less Price than Sixpence; be it therefore enacted,
That from and after Ten Days after the passing of this Act, the
Printer or Publisher of any Pamphlet or other Paper for Sale,
containing any Public News, Intelligence, or Occurrences, or
any Remarks or Observations thereon, or on any Matter in Church
or State, shall, upon every Day upon which the same shall be
published, or within Six Days after, deliver to the Commissioners
of Stamps for Great Britain and Ireland respectively, at their
Head Offices, or to some Distributor or Officer to be appointed
by them to receive the same, and whom they are hereby required
to appoint for that Purpose, one of the Pamphlets or Papers so
published upon each such Day, signed by the Printer or Publisher
thereof, in his Hand-writing, with his Name and Place of Abode;
and the same shall be carefully kept by the said Commissioners,
or such Distributor or Officer as aforesaid, in such Manner
as the said Commissioners shall direct; and such Printer or
Publisher shall be entitled to demand and receive from the
Commissioners, or such Distributor or Officer, the Amount of the
Retail Price of such Pamphlet or Paper so delivered; and in every
Case in which the Printer and Publisher of such Pamphlet or Paper
shall neglect to deliver One such Pamphlet or Paper in the Manner
herein-before directed, such Printer and Publisher shall, for
every such Neglect respectively, forfeit and lose the Sum of One
hundred Pounds.
s. 14. Provided always, That in case the said Commissioners, or
such Distributor or Officer aforesaid, shall refuse to receive
or pay for any Copy of such Pamphlet or Paper offered to be
delivered to them or him as aforesaid, for or on account of the
same not being within the true Intent and Meaning of this Act,
such Commissioners, Distributor, or Officer shall, if required
so to do, give and deliver to such Printer or Publisher a
Certificate in Writing, that a Copy of such Pamphlet or Paper
had been by him duly offered to be delivered; and such Printer
or Publisher shall thereupon be freed and discharged from any
Penalty for not having delivered such Copy as aforesaid.
s. 15. That if any Person shall sell or expose to sale any
Pamphlet or other Paper not being duly stamped, if required to be
stamped, such Person shall, for every such Offence, forfeit the
Sum of Twenty Pounds.
s. 16. That it shall be lawful for any of his Majesty’s Courts of
Record at Westminster or Dublin or of Great Session in Wales, or
any Judge thereof respectively, or for any Court of Quarter or
General Sessions of the Peace, or for any Justice of the Peace
before whom any Person charged with having printed or published
any blasphemous, seditious, or malicious Libel, shall be brought
for the Purpose of giving Bail upon such Charge, to make it a
Part of the Condition of the Recognizance to be entered into by
such Person and his or her Bail, that the Person so charged shall
be of good Behaviour during the Continuance of such Recognizance.
s. 17. Recovery of Penalties. Provided always, that no larger
Amount in the Whole than One hundred Pounds shall be recoverable
or recovered before any Justices of the Peace, for any such
Penalties incurred in any One Day; any Thing in this Act
or any other Acts of Parliament contained to the contrary
notwithstanding.
s. 18. Two or more Justices to determine Offences, and may
mitigate Penalties.
s. 19. Penalty on Persons summoned as Witnesses not appearing, &c.
ss. 20. to 25. Relate to the Forms of Conviction, commencing
Actions for Penalties, Management of the Duties, Allowance of
Discounts, &c.
s. 26. That nothing in this Act shall extend to Acts of
Parliament, Proclamations, Orders of Council, Forms of Prayer and
Thanksgiving, and Acts of State, ordered to be printed by his
Majesty, his Heirs or Successors, or his or their sufficient and
authorised Officer; or to any printed Votes or other Matters by
Order of either House of Parliament; or to Books commonly used
in the Schools of Great Britain or Ireland, or Books or Papers
containing only Matters of Devotion, Piety, or Charity; or Daily
Accounts; or Bills of Goods imported and exported; or Warrants or
Certificates for the Delivery of Goods; and the Weekly Bills of
Mortality; or to Papers containing any Lists of Prices current,
or of the State of the Markets, or any Account of the Arrival,
Sailing, or other Circumstances relating to Merchant Ships or
Vessels; or of any other Matter wholly of a Commercial Nature;
provided such Bills, Lists, or Accounts do not contain any other
Matter than what hath been usually comprised therein; or to the
Printers or Publishers of the foregoing Matters, or any or either
of them.
s. 27. That nothing in this Act contained shall extend or
be construed to extend to charge with Stamp Duties any Work
re-printed and re-published in Parts or Numbers, whether such
Work shall be wholly re-printed or shall be re-published in
an abridged Form; provided that the Work so re-printed and
re-published shall have been first printed and published
Two Years at the least previous to such Re-printing and
Re-publication, and provided the said Work was not first
published in Parts or Numbers.
This act was repealed by 6 & 7 Will. 4. c. 76. as far as relates to
newspapers, advertisements, and stamps. _See_ BLASPHEMOUS LIBELS.
NEWSPAPER POSTAGE. PUBLICATIONS, PERIODICAL.
_Pamphlets._ (Ireland.) 43 Geo. 3. c. 21. s. 45. “And, for the
better collecting and securing the Duties hereby charged on
Pamphlets, be it further enacted, That One printed Copy of every
Pamphlet which shall be printed or published within the City of
_Dublin_, shall, within the Space of six Days after the printing
thereof, be brought to the said Head Office in _Dublin_, and the
Title thereof, with the Number of Sheets contained therein, and
the Duty hereby charged thereon, shall be registered or entered
in a Book, to be there kept for that Purpose; which Duty shall
be thereupon paid to the proper Officer or Officers appointed
to receive the same, or his or their Deputy or Clerk, who shall
thereupon give a Receipt for the same on such printed Copy, to
denote the Payment of the Duty hereby charged on such Pamphlet;
and that One printed Copy of every such Pamphlet that shall be
printed or published in any Place in _Ireland_, not being within
the City of _Dublin_, shall, within the Space of fourteen Days
after the printing thereof, be brought to some Head Distributor
or Collector of the Stamp Duties, who is hereby required
forthwith to enter the Title thereof, with the Number of Sheets
contained therein, and the Duty hereby charged thereon, in a Book
to be by him kept for that Purpose, which Duty shall be thereupon
paid to such Distributor or Collector, who shall give a Receipt
for the same on such printed Copy.
s. 46. “And be it further enacted, That if any such Pamphlet
shall be printed or published as aforesaid, and the Duty hereby
charged thereon shall not be duly paid as aforesaid within the
respective Times aforesaid, then the Printer or Publisher, and
all and every other Person or Persons concerned in and about the
printing or publishing of such Pamphlet, shall, for every such
Offence, forfeit the Sum of One hundred Pounds; and the Author,
Printer, and Publisher of such Pamphlet, shall forfeit and lose
all Copy Right therein.
s. 47. “And be it further enacted, That on the Trials of Actions,
Informations, or Suits, for Recovery of the aforesaid Penalty for
Nonpayment of the aforesaid Duty, within the respective Times
aforesaid, the Proof of the Payment of the said Duty shall lie
upon the Printer or Publisher of such Pamphlet.”
SCHEDULE (D).
“For every Pamphlet or Paper, not exceeding Six Sheets in
Octavo, or in a lesser Page, and not exceeding Twelve Sheets in
Quarto, or Twenty Sheets in Folio, a Duty after the Rate of Two
Shillings for every Sheet of any Kind of Paper contained in one
printed Copy or Impression thereof.”
55 Geo. 3. c. 80., which re-enacts these sections, was repealed
by 6 & 7 Will. 4. c. 76. as far as relates to Newspapers,
Advertisements, and Stamps.
47 Geo. 3. c 50. sess. 1.
SCHEDULE (B).
“For every Pamphlet or Paper not exceeding Six Sheets in
Octavo, or in a lesser Page, and not exceeding Twelve Sheets in
Quarto, or Twenty Sheets in Folio, for every Sheet of any Kind
of Paper contained in One printed Copy or Impression thereof, a
Duty of 2_s._
“The foregoing Duty on Advertisements and Pamphlets does
not extend to Advertisements respecting Hospitals, Forms of
Prayer and Thanksgiving, printed Votes and Proceedings in
Parliament, School Books, or Books of Devotion or Piety.”
56 Geo. 3. c. 56., which re-enacts this Duty, was repealed
by 6 & 7 Will. 4. c. 76. as far as relates to Newspapers,
Advertisements, and Stamps.
PAPER. The quality of paper is of great consequence in printing; but
it is too frequently overlooked by all parties.
Every pressman of common attention perceives a material difference
in the process of bringing off a sharp impression, according to the
quality of the paper that he uses. When he meets with a hard-sized
harsh paper, bleached with acid, it requires more than common care to
make his work look well--to make it good, it frequently defies his
utmost abilities--to preserve its first appearance is impossible, as
the acid in the paper decomposes the ink.
It is to be regretted, that there is hardly any paper made at the
present time but what is more or less bleached with acid, to the
deterioration of its quality. The study of the paper maker is to
produce stout and viewly paper at a low price; and this he does by
using inferior rags bleached by acid; by adding a great proportion
of gypsum, in some instances one seventh of its weight, in others
one eighth; and frequently of whiting made from lime: he will thus
produce a paper weighing sixteen or seventeen pounds a ream, that
will feel as stout and look as viewly as an honest-made paper from
good rags that will weigh about twenty-two pounds. To the publishers
of cheap books, and of ephemeral productions, the price of paper is
an important object; but no work of value ought to be printed on such
an article, as it cannot be durable, nor will it bear much use,
becoming tender with age, and breaking by turning over the leaves.