But, however these successes on the part_The History of Java, v. 1-2

immediate tranquillity of the country, the authority of the _Susúnan_

had been seriously shaken. The prince possessed neither the esteem nor

attachment of his subjects. To his evil star it was attributed that the

empire had not only lost much of its ancient grandeur, but was brought

to the brink of ruin. The chiefs no longer placed any confidence in

him; they despised the man who had granted such humiliating terms to

the Dutch, and who, to obtain their temporary aid, had thus sacrificed

the permanent integrity of the empire: they, therefore, were inclined

to make an effort to regain what had been lost.

The principal character and prime mover in this rebellion was the

_Pangéran Mungkubúmi_, a younger brother of the _Susúnan_. During

the Chinese war he had obtained considerable experience, and was

distinguished for boldness and enterprize of character. On the Chinese

being driven from _Kérta Súra_, he had thrown himself on the protection

of the Dutch, and was now residing with his brother at _Kérta Súra_.

Next to _Mangkubúmi_, the most prominent character in the war of

Java was _Páku Nagára_, who was also called _Mas Sáyed_ but perhaps

better known as the grandfather of _Práng Widóno_. After the defeat of

the Chinese at _Brambánan_, this prince had also returned to court;

but being coldly received, again reared the standard of revolt, and

escaping into the southern mountains assumed the title of _Susúnan Adi

Prakúsa_.

_Mangunónang_, the minister of _Susúnan Kúning_, and _Mérta Púra_, had

established themselves in the province of _Sukawáti_, refusing to come

into any terms. They invited _Mangkabúmi_ to come over to them, and

promised their assistance in raising him to the throne. _Mangkubúmi_

accepted their invitation; but finding himself deceived by them, he,

by his own exertions and those of the son of _Mérta Púra_, obtained

possession of that province, and established himself under the title of

_Pangéran Adipáti_ of _Sukawáti_. He was, however, afterwards induced

to listen to terms offered him by the _Susúnan_, who again received

him into favour, and conferred upon him the independent government of

_Sukawáti_. But these terms were not granted by the emperor without

exciting the jealousy and apprehensions of the minister _Prínga

Láya_, who easily availed himself of an early opportunity, when the

Governor-General, Van Imhoff, was on a visit to _Súra Kértá_, to

represent the danger arising from any subject possessing so independent

and extensive authority, as that recently granted by the _Susúnan_ to

_Mangkubúmi_.

It was accordingly determined to deprive _Mangkubúmi_ of this tract of

country, and the resolution was personally communicated to him in the

hall of audience. The chief feigned obedience; but in the course of the

night, secretly quitted the capital, and assembling his party proceeded

to _Sukawáti_, where he again reared the standard of rebellion. From

the flight of this prince is dated what is usually termed the war of

Java, which took place in the Javan year 1671.

The Dutch now took an active part in the war, but found that they

had enemies to contend with who possessed considerable ability and

enterprize, and who in the past disturbances of the country had gained

much experience. _Páku Nagára_ was, in the first instance, defeated,

and fled for protection to _Mangkubúmi_, who received him kindly, gave

him his daughter, _Rátu Bandára_, in marriage, and appointed him his

_Pateh_, or minister. The united forces of these two chiefs resisted

the attacks of the Dutch for about twelve months, when _Mangkubúmi_

assumed the title of _Susúnan Matárem_; but a dispute arising between

him and _Páku Nagára_, who demanded his own nomination as presumptive

successor, _Mangkubúmi_ took back his daughter, and the chiefs parted

in enmity.

While _Mangkubúmi_ lay with his forces at _Bunáran_, a village on

the south coast, and distant about ten miles from the present _Yúgya

Kérta_, intelligence was received of the death of the _Susúnan_; and

such was the extensive power of _Mangkubúmi_ at the time, that the body

of the deceased could not be removed to the consecrated burial place

at _Megíri_ in the southern hills, on account of his forces, and was

in consequence interred near the tomb of _Jáka Tíngker_, sultan of

_Pájang_, at _Lawian_, near _Súra Kérta_, whence this prince received

the appellation of _Susúnan Séda Lawigan_.

_Mangkubúmi_ had evinced a desire to come to terms, and gave assurances

to the governor of his attachment to the Dutch, but demanded that his

son should be proclaimed _Pangéran Adipáti Matárem_ (heir apparent); a

condition to which the Dutch would not listen.

The reduced state of the _Susúnan's_ authority before his death, and

the distracted condition of affairs, afforded an opportunity too

favourable to be overlooked by the Dutch, of at once attaining the

grand object of all their political interference, the sovereignty

of the country. A weak prince on his death-bed was, under existing

circumstances, easily brought to any terms, in the hope of continuing

even the nominal succession in his family. He was compelled, by a

formal official deed, "to abdicate for himself and his heirs, the

sovereignty of the country, conferring the same on the Dutch East India

Company, and leaving it to them to dispose of it, in future, to any

person they might think competent to govern it for the benefit of the

Company and of Java." After recommending his children, and especially

the heir apparent, to the protection of the governor, the unfortunate

monarch expired. This singular and important deed was dated on the 11th

December, 1749.[278]

From this deed is derived the right by which the Dutch East India

Company subsequently granted in _fee_ to the native princes, the

administration of those provinces which still continued under native

government.

On the death of this unfortunate prince, _Mangkubúmi_ caused himself

to be formally proclaimed _Susúnan Pakubúana Senapáti Matárem_, in the

presence of a more numerous assemblage of the princes and chiefs than

attended the investiture of the new _Susúnan_ raised by the Dutch.

He sent ambassadors to the Dutch governor with many assurances of

attachment and fidelity, requesting to be acknowledged as sovereign,

and soliciting that the body of the deceased might be delivered to him,

for the purpose of solemn interment.

The son of the deceased _Susúnan_, however, was preferred, and at

the age of nine years was raised to the throne, under the title of

_Pakubúana_ the third.

The enmity of the rebellious chiefs to each other soon vented itself

in open hostility, and a pitched battle ensued, in which _Mangkubúmi_

was defeated and driven to the westward. Soon, however, recruiting his

forces, he returned, and had two successful engagements with the Dutch,

one at _Jánar_, a village in _Báglen_, the other at _Tídar_, a hill in

_Kedú_. In the battle of _Jánár_ the Javan forces allowed the brunt of

the action to fall upon the Dutch, who were completely routed: of those

who had escaped the sword many were drowned in an adjoining marsh, and

the rest were murdered in great numbers by the country people. The

affair of _Tídar_ was of less importance. The forces of _Mangkubúmi_

were sometimes reduced to a few hundred, and at other times amounted to

as many thousands, the chiefs and people deserting him in his distress,

and flocking to him in his prosperity. After three victories obtained

over the Dutch, he marched towards the northern coast, fell upon

_Pakalóng'an_, and plundered the place.

_Mangkubúmi_ now carried all before him, and was once at the gates of

_Sólo_, which capital the Javans represent to have been saved from

plunder by the superstitious veneration for the gun _niái stómi_, which

the rebels no sooner descried on the _alun-alun_ than they sounded a

retreat. The Dutch, in the hope of allaying his displeasure, had given

the _Susúnan_ the choice of his officers of state, and prohibited the

resident from taking his seat on the throne with him (an indelicate

assumption which had previously given the greatest disgust to the

Javans); but after nine years of harassing warfare it was still

found impracticable to reduce the rebellious chiefs, or to restore

the country to order. The Dutch, therefore, availing himself of the

abdication in their favour executed by the deceased _Susúnan_, listened

to the proposals of _Mangkubúmi_, who offered peace, on condition

that one half of Java should be ceded to him. A meeting took place at

_Gingánti_, a village not far distant from _Súra-kérta_, at which were

present the _Susúnan_, _Mangkubúmi_, and the governor of the north-east

coast of Java, when a treaty was signed.

One of the conditions of this treaty was, that _Mangkubúmi_ should

use his utmost exertions to subdue _Páku Nagára_. In conformity with

this condition he immediately proceeded against him; but _Páku Nagára_

making his appearance with his whole force, obliged him to retreat

and conceal himself in a cavern, while his troops, flying in every

direction, allowed his camp to be burned. _Mangkubúmi_, however, soon

collected his forces again. The Dutch offered a reward for the head

of _Páku Nagára_, who was obliged to proceed to the eastward, being

pursued and his whole force finally overthrown. He still refused to

submit, and the celebrity of his name and exploits was sufficient to

recruit his ranks.

In the year A.D. 1755, _Mangkubúmi_ was solemnly proclaimed by the

Dutch Governor, under the title of _Súltan Amangkubuána Sénapáti

Ingalága Abdul Ráchman Sahédin Panatagáma Kulifatólah_.

The united forces of the _Susúnan_ and _Sultan_ now resumed the attack

upon _Páku Nagára_; several of his chiefs were forced to submit, and

he himself, after having prolonged the war for upwards of two years,

seeing no _favourable_ chance or hope of ultimate success, at last

sent his brother to the _Susúnan_, requesting that certain districts

and the southern mountains might be granted to him for his support,

promising on that condition to lead a quiet and peaceable life for

the future. In reply to this he was informed, that the partition of

the lands had already taken place; that part of these lands might,

however, be granted, but that it was first necessary he should make

his appearance at court. To this he assented; and it being stipulated

that the _Susúnan_ should pay him the compliment of receiving him at

the distance of half an hour's walk from _Sura-kérta_, he came in,

and throwing himself at the feet of the _Susúnan_ was kindly raised

again, desired to sit on the bench, and assured that he had nothing to

apprehend.

Peace was then concluded, on the conditions that _Páku Nagára_,

commonly called _Mas Sáyed_, should assume the rank and title of

_Pangéran Adipáti Mangku Nágara_, with an assignment of land to the

extent of four thousand _cháchas_, in the districts of _Kadwang_,

_Malésa_, and the southern mountains.

Thus ended, in the year 1758, a war which had lasted twelve years, in

which the finest provinces of the island were laid waste, thousands

slain on both sides, and the independence of the empire finally

annihilated. The expenses incurred by the Dutch on account of the war,

from the year 1746 until the peace, amounted to 4,286,006. 12. 8.

florins; but, in the result, they acquired, if not the acknowledged

sovereignty of the whole island, at least an effectual control over its

future administration.

The _Susúnan_, on his death, was succeeded, in the Javan year 1714, by

his son, the present _Susúnan_, under the title of _Susúnan Pakubuána_

the fourth.

The sultan established his capital a few miles distant from the

ancient capital of _Matárem_, at _Yúgya-kérta_ (_Djocjo Carta_) the

present residence of his successors. He died, after a long reign,

in the Javan year 1718, and was succeeded by his eldest surviving

son, under the title of _Amangkubuána_ the second. This prince was

deposed by the British government in the year 1812, and succeeded by

his son, _Amangkubuána_ the third, who dying, was again succeeded, in

1815, by his son, a child of nine years of age, the present sultan,

_Amangkubuána_ the fourth.

_Pangéran Prang Widóno_, still residing at _Súra Kérta_, is the

grandson of _Pangéran Adipáti Mángku Nagára_, and continues to enjoy

the independent administration of the lands assigned to him at the

settlement in 1758.

By the final settlement of the country in 1758 the Dutch reserved to

themselves the direct administration of all the provinces lying on the

northern sea-coast, from _Chéribon_ to the eastern extremity of the

island of _Madúra_; but the inland and southern provinces stretching

from the islands of _Chéribon_ to _Málang_, were restored to the native

princes, between whom the lands were divided in nearly equal portions

by _cháchas_, according to the population and the peculiar usage of the

country, four thousand _cháchas_ from the share of the _Susúnan_ being

set apart for _Mangku Nagára_.

The terms on which the successors of these princes were permitted to

exercise the sovereignty, suffered no material alteration until the

year 1808, when Marshal Daendels officially declared that the clauses

of the existing treaties, by which those princes held their territory

in fee from the Dutch, were void, and that in future he should consider

them as independent princes, having no other relation to the European

government than such as must of necessity exist between a weaker and

stronger state in the immediate neighbourhood of each other. At this

time the court of _Yúgya Kérta_, sensible of owing its establishment

chiefly to the military success of its founder, and the weakness of

the Dutch and the _Susúnan_, and that it never fully submitted to the

terms of the treaty of 1755 (which it is even stated were imposed

upon the sovereign by a false translation in the Javan language)

evinced a desire of independence and an appearance of internal

strength, which called for the immediate interference of the European

authority. Marshal Daendels, therefore, marched to _Yúgya Kérta_

with a considerable force, and a negociation being opened, a treaty

was entered into, by which the reigning sultan consented to resign

the administration of the country into the hands of his son, who was

appointed to exercise the same under the title of regent, and to cede

certain provinces.

But the stipulations of this treaty, thus entered into, had not been

carried into effect, when in the month of August, 1811, the British

forces arrived in Java. The sultan, it is true, had ostensibly resigned

the administration to his son, but he still took his usual place on the

throne, and not one of the districts ceded by treaty to the Dutch had

then been actually transferred.

FOOTNOTES:

[272] A Dutch officer is accused of having purloined it.

[273] From the circumstance of this installation having taken place at

_Semárang_, two _wóringen_ trees are allowed to distinguish the _alun

alun_ of the regent.

[274] Contract with M. de Wilde.

[275] The native writers relate a strange proceeding of the Dutch

commandant in this war.

"As soon as the Dutch commander arrived at _Pasúruan_ he assembled

the people, and offered a reward of one thousand dollars to any one

who would bring him the body of the deceased chief _Sarapáti_. The

body was accordingly brought in a perfect state of preservation, on

which the commandant ordered it to be placed upright in a chair, as

if still living. He then approached it, took it by the hand, and made

his obeisance to it as to a living person: all the officers and men

followed the example. After this they burnt the body, and having mixed

the ashes with gunpowder, fired a salute with it in honour of the

victory."

[276] A village in the vicinity of Batavia.

[277] Meaning, "ability was now inclined to move or shake mankind."

[278] During the reign of this prince, on the 9th of September 1738, a

contract was entered into between the Dutch and the sultan of Bantam,

of which the following were the chief articles.

1st. The Dutch having deemed it necessary to send a detachment to

_Lampung Túlang Báwang_, in order to save that province from total

ruin, the sultan promised to cause a fort, or _páger_, to be erected at

his expense, on the spot which should be deemed most eligible for that

purpose, either on the _Palembang_ river, or any where else.

2d. That the sultan should keep this fort in constant repair at his own

expense.

3d. That the sultan should repay to the Dutch the expense of

maintaining a small establishment, consisting of a resident, a

commandant, one sergeant, two corporals, twenty-four privates, one

drummer, and three artillery men.

4th. That the ground on which the fort was to be built, should be ceded

to the Dutch, with an extent of one hundred roods in every direction.

This ground to revert back to the sultan, in the event of the Dutch

establishment breaking up, in the same manner as had taken place in

regard to _Lampung Samángka_.

6th. With a view to hold out due encouragement to the industry of the

_Lampung_ people, it was agreed that, previously to exporting their

pepper to _Bantam_, they should state the quantity to the Company's

resident, who should furnish them with a certificate, enabling them to

obtain early payment, pursuant to the existing contracts.

7th. The Company's servants at _Bantam_ and _Lampung Túlang Báwang_,

were authorized to confiscate any quantity of pepper which was exported

from the latter place, unprovided with a certificate from the resident.

LINE OF THE MAHOMEDAN SOVEREIGNS OF JAVA,

_Who have ruled subsequently to the Destruction of the Hindu Government

of Majapáhit down to the Javan Year 1742, corresponding with the

Christian Year 1815._

SEAT OF GOVERNMENT.

Began to Reign.

A.J. A.D. _At Demák, from A.J. 1400 to 1503._

1403 1477 Ráden Pátah Adipáti Jimbun.

1455 1519 Pangérang Sábrang Lor.

1457 1533 Súltan Bintára, or Trang'gána, often called

Sultan Demák.

_At Pájang, from 1503 to 1540._

1503 1577 Jáka Tíngkir, Sultan Pajang.

1532 1606 Adipáti Demák.

_At Matárem, from 1540 to 1600._

1540 1614 Panambáhan Senapáti.

1550 1624 Súltan Séda Krápiah.

1562 1636 Ráden Ránsang, also called Súltan Agung, or

Súltan Kérta.

1585 1659 Mangkúrat, commonly called Séda Tegál-árum.

_At Kérta Súra, from 1603 to 1675._

1603 1677 Susúnan Mangkúrat the second.

1627 1701 Susúnan Mangkúrat Mas.

1630 1704 Pangéran Púgar, usually called Susúnan Pakubúana

the first.

1643 1717 Susúnan Prabu Amangkúrat.

1672 1746 Susúnan Séda Langkúnan, also called Susúnan

Pakubúana the second.

Susúnan Pakubúana the second removed the

seat of government to Sura Kerta in 1675.

_At Sura Kérta, in 1675._

Susúnan Pakubúana second (continued.)

1675 1742 Susúnan Pakubúana third, in whose reign the

empire was divided into the two kingdoms of

_Súra Kérta_ and _Yúgya Kérta_.

_At Súra Kérta._ | _At Yúgya Kérta._

| A.J. A.D.

Susúnan Pakúbuan | 1612 1756 Sultan Amangkubúana

third (continued.) | first.

A.J. A.D. | ---- ---- Sultan Amangkubúana

| second.

1714 1788 Susúnan Pakubúana |

the fourth and | ---- ---- Sultan Amangkubúana

present Susúnan. | third.

| 1741 1815 Sultan Amangkubúana

| fourth, and present

| sultan.

Sovereigns of Demák 4

of Pajang 2

of Matárem 4

of Kérta Súra 4

of Súra Kérta 4

The present Susúnan is consequently the eighteenth in succession from

the first Mahomedan sovereign, and not perhaps less than the fortieth

from the first Hindu prince. The average reign during the Mahomedan

government is nineteen years. Taking the same average for the period

of the Hindu government, its origin would be four hundred and eighteen

years anterior to the destruction of _Majapáhit_, A. J. 1400, and may

be referred to the close of the tenth century of the Javan era, or the

middle of the eleventh century of the Christian era.

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF EVENTS,

_Which have occurred in Java (from the Traditions and Records of the

Javans.)_

1 Arrival of _Aji Sáka_ in Java.

10 The date of (or probable _Núsa Bárong_.

establishment at)

-- _Núsa Tambíni_.

-- _Bawéan_.

33 The mountain _Múria_.

39 The great mountain of _Tegat_.

50 The mountain _Brómo_.

-- The mountain _Semíru_.

70 The mountain _Súmbing_.

-- The mountain _Hála Húla_.

94 The mountain _Láwu_.

118 The mountain _Bénkok_.

131 On the southern mountains.

152 The mountain _Wílis_.

175 The mountain _Pendam_.

193 The mountain _Prawáta_.

--- The mountain _Arjúna_.

195 The mountain _Ingel_.

211 Building of _Chándi Máling_.

297 The introduction of maize or Indian corn into Java.

308 The date of (or probable establishment at) The mountain

_Merápi_.

343 The date of (or probable establishment at) The mountain

_Anyer_.

551 Building of _Singa-sári_.

752 Death of _Niái Súka Wáti_.

808 Burning of the temples at _Gúnung Wédi_.

924 Construction of buildings in the western mountains.

It is related, that in former times the islands of Sumatra,

Java, _Báli_ and _Sumbáwa_, were united, and afterwards

separated into nine different parts; and it is also said,

that when three thousand rainy seasons have passed

away, they will be reunited.

1018 or 1188 Building of the _Chándi Séwú_, or thousand

temples, at _Brambánan_.

1055 Date of _Telága Páser_ in _Banyumas_.

1067 _Randu Kuning_ in ditto.

1114 Separation of the lands of _Palémbang_ and Java.

1124 In the island of _Báli_.

1164 Appearance of _Pulo Mengaré_ (near _Surabáya_) above

the sea.

1204 Separation of the lands of _Báli_ and _Balambángan_ in

Java.

1217 Date of (or probable establishment at) _Pagunúngun_.

1218 Building of the temples at _Káli Bening_ near _Brambánan_.

1260 Separation of the lands of _Giling Trawángan_ and _Báli_.

1273 The fall of stones from a mountain.

1280 Separation of the island of _Séla Párang_ (also called

_Lumbok_ or _Sasak_) from _Sumbáwa_.

1300 Establishment of the court of _Pajajúran_.

---- Erection of a stone temple at _Salatíga_.

1308 Construction of the tank at _Peng'ging_ near _Ambaráwa_.

1352 Date of _Telága Mengémbel_.

1360 Building of the temples at _Bóro Bódo_ in _Kedú_.

1400 Destruction of _Majapáhit_.

1403 Establishment of the court at _Demák_.

1419 Establishment of _Gegélang_.

1421 Establishment of _Surabáya_.

1423 The fall of _Bányu píndah_.

1427 The burning of _Pálok_ by women.

1432 Era of _Kaníten_.

1433 Era of the Prince of _Páti_.

1439 Destruction of _Pánjer_ by fire.

1440 Death of _Kayubrálit_.

1441 _Kajóran_ surrounded.

1443 Death of the three princes.

1448 Conquest of _Kedírí_ by _Susúnan Ingalága_.

1449 ---- of _Túban_.

1450 ---- of _Wirosári_.

1451 ---- of _Gegeláng_.

1452 ---- of _Mendáng kúngan_.

1454 The site of _Surabáya_ changed.

1455 Conquest of _Pasúruan_.

1462 ---- of _Panarúkan_.

1464 Defeat of the sons of the chiefs of _Lamúng'an_, _Blítar_,

and _Wirasába_.

1465 Conquest of _Panangúngan_.

1466 ---- of _Pamenáng_.

1467 ---- of _Sing'ga_.

1468 ---- of _Balambáng'an_ and _Banyuwángi_.

1469 Conquest and burning of _Sing'ara_, a dependency of

_Balambáng'an_.

1470 Conquest of _Jápan_.

1471 Arrival of the prince of _Gíri_, in the district of _Kedíri_.

1494 Foundation of the gardens of _Pungkúran_ at the foot of

the mountains.

1473 Destruction by fire of _Dahá_, and the disappearance of

the prince called _Prawáta_, at that place.

1474 The elevation of another prince.

1475 War of _Surowári_.

---- _Kiai Wírasóma_ proceeds to _Jípang_.

1476 The falling down of _Banyu píndah_.

1478 Conquest of the district of _Blóra_.

---- ---- of _Baléga_ in _Madúra_.

1499 Disappearance of the _Adipáti_ of _Kedíri_ and his princess,

after embracing the Mahomedan religion.

1500 Conquest of _Katujan_, _Wírasába_, and _Pranarága_.

1502 Swords and javelins first made use of.

1503 The establishment of the court at _Pájang_.

1506 Occurrence of a great earthquake.

1509 First destruction of _Pájang_.

1510 Destruction of _Demák_, when the chiefs and people betook

themselves to their vessels, and put to sea.

1512 _Dahá_ conquered by _Senapáti_.

1513 The people of _Jipáng_ carried into captivity after the

battle of _Kalidádung_; actions in _Pasúruan_ and

_Pranarága_.

1515 Construction of _Kótah Batu Púteh_ (or White-walled

Castle) at _Matárem_.

1517 Battles of _Jatasári_, &c. fought by _Senapáti_.

1521 Death of _Panambáhan Senapáti_, at _Jenar_ (_Matárem_).

---- The palace at _Kérta_ being burnt, the seat of government

is removed to _Púra_.

---- The _Panambáhan_ of _Chéribon_ comes to _Matárem_.

1522 The _Adipáti_ of _Pugar_, son of the _Senapáti_, removed to

_Demák_, where he ascended the throne. After remaining

there a year, there happened an eclipse of

the sun.

1525 Sultan _Krápeak_ surrounds and attacks _Demák_.

---- While the war was carrying on at _Grésik_, Sultan _Krápeak_

died at _Matárem_.

1526 Battle of _Kaliránan_.

1532 Death of _Adipáti Mérta Láya_.

1536 The people of _Matárem_ attack _Málang_, under Sultan

_Kérta_.

1540 The election of _Panambáhan Senapáti_ at _Matárem_ as

Sultan.

1541 The age of _Sínga Pádu_.

1545 The Madurese war.

1547 A great sickness at _Matárem_, and the erection of the

throne of _Matárem_.

1552 The war of _Páti_, and the erection of the _Matárem_

tower.

1553 The first Batavian war.

1555 The measuring of time, and the second Batavian war.

1560 The people of the eastern districts assembled at _Matárem_

to perform required services.

1561 Conquest of _Balambángan_, and submission of _Ráden

Kámbar_.

1562 The Sultan removes to _Tumbáyat_, and a great granary

of corn is destroyed by fire at _Gáding_.

1564 The _Chéribon_ war, and the first appearance of the

_Prin'gí_ people (Europeans) at the court of _Matarem_.

1565 The anger of the prince towards the minister of _Palémbang_,

and the appearance of the _Bánjar_ (Masin)

people at the court of _Matárem_.

1566 The second great sickness appears at _Matárem_, and

the construction of the large gun, called _Kiaí Gúntur

Agni_. An artificial lake made at _Pléret_.

1568 Death of Sultan _Kérta_, and succession of his son.

1569 The march of the _Matárem_ people to _Báli_ and _Balambángan_,

and the submission of those people.

1571 The construction of the mosque, and the marriage of

the Sultan with the princess _Kránon_. The _Kálang_

move to the east of the _Sólo_ river.

1572 The establishment of the court at _Pléret_, and the _Susúnan's_

desire for maidens. The chiefs of all ranks,

the soldiers, the natives of the coast, and the inhabitants

of the country, were each ordered to marry

two wives.

1573 The appearance of the _Chéribon_ minister with a

present of an elephant; also that of the minister of

_Jámbi_ (on Sumatra), bringing accounts of the death of

the Sultan. The first embassy from the Hollanders

arrived at _Matárem_, bringing a present of four pieces

of artillery.

1574 The second embassy from the Hollanders, with various

presents.

1575 Great inundation at _Matárem_, and the appearance of a

comet.

1576 The subjection of the _Sukadána_ people (on Borneo).

1577 The subjection of the _Siam_ people, and a present from

the Company (the Dutch) of a horse of large size.

1579 The marriage of the _Pangéran Adipáti_ with the

daughter of _Mángun Jáya_.

1580 The _Rámpok_ of an elephant.

1581 Death of _Pangéran Purbáya_.

1582 The introduction of copper _píchis_ (a small coin).

1584 Death of _Ráden Tápa Sána_.

1585 Death of the _Chéribon_ prince in _Matárem_, and the

murder of _Mérta Náta_.

1586 The appearance of a comet.

1587 The banishment of the _Pangéran Adipáti_ to _Lipúra_,

to convert himself and do penance.

1588 Death of the _Rátu_.

1592 Order of the _Susúnan_ to _Aria Purbáya_ to kill _Wíra

Mang'gala_.

---- Explosion of the powder magazine, by which the

sentries were killed in a shocking manner.

---- The period when Europeans came to _Matárem_ with a

present of two horses.

1594 The _Susúnan's_ desire for maidens.

---- An uncommon eruption from a volcano, throwing out a

great quantity of fire with sand and stones.

1595 The arrival of the _Búgis_ people at _Demóng_ and the

march of the _Matárem_ forces joined with those of

_Manchanagara_ and the sea-coast.

1596 The return of them, with the separation of _Madura_,

_Sumenap_, and _Grésik_ from the _Matárem_ obedience.

They join the rebel _Truna Jaya_.

1600 They join together and attack _Matárem_ and destroy it,

the _Susúnan_ leaving the court with the _Rátu_ and

family, after having burnt the same; death of the

_Susúnan_ at _Tegál Wángi_, and election of his son

_Mangkúrat_.

1601 _Mangkúrat_ marches over _Japára_ to _Kediri_, to exterminate

the rebel _Truna Jáya_, with the assistance of

the Company.

1602 _Kedíri_ taken and _Trúna Jáya_ surrenders.

1603 _Trúna Jáya_ killed. The _Susúnan_ goes to _Pájang_ and

establishes his court at _Kerta Sura_. _Pangéran

Pugar_ rebels against him, but is defeated and flies to

_Baglen_.

1604 Insurrection of the rebel _Raju Námrúd_ at _Salingo_, and

the destruction of the _kráton_ by fire. The subjection

of _Pangéran Púgar_ to the _Susúnan_.

1605 The arrival of ambassadors from _Johór_ and _Palémbang_

at _Kérta Súra_ with a present of an elephant.

1606 Marriage of the _Susúnan_ with a princess of _Gíri_.

1607 Age of _Wána Kasúma_.

1608 Circumcision of the _Pangéran Adipáti_, and preparations

made for a great chase at _Kérta Súra_.

1609 Death of Captain Tak and other Europeans, and the

rebellion of the eastern people, who join _Surapátí_.

Several personal combats on the _Paseban_ to divert

the _Susúnan_.

1612 The deplorable state of the court of _Kérta Súra_.

1613 Fire in the mosque at _Kérta Súra_.

1614 Excursion of the _Susúnan_ to _Manchíngan_.

1610 March of the _Balambángan_ people coming from the

south across _Kedíri_, where they assassinate men and

women.

1620 The _Balambángan_ people march to _Pasúruan_, but are

attacked at _Pachatan_ and repulsed, with a loss of one

thousand men.

---- The court at _Kérta Súra_ surrounded with a wall of

stone.

1621 The conquest of _Pranarága_.

1622 Death of _Ráden Súkra_ and the illness of the _Susúnan_.

1623 _Kamagetan_ attacked by the people of _Báli_.

1624 Personal combat between the Javans _Téka_ and _Janála_,

who were both killed.

1625 March of the _Susúnan_ to _Matárem_, and embassy sent

by the _Susúnan_ to _Mecca_, in order to obtain the rank

of _Haji_.

1626 Death of _Susúnan Mangkúrat_.

1628 His son succeeds, and _Ráden Súria Kasúma_ usurps

the rank and title. The latter is defeated by the people

of _Kérta Súra_ and taken prisoner. _Pangéran Púgar_

is arrested, and afterwards released. Being offended

he proceeds to _Semárang_.

1630 The people of the western sea-coast conquer _Kérta Súra_

and expel the _Susúnan_ from his _dálam_, who goes to

the east, where he joins _Surapáti_ with a thousand

followers.

1630 Arrival of the Europeans at _Kérta Súra_, who upon

finding it deserted, appointed _Pangéran Púgar_ as

_Susúnan_.

1631 The court of the exiled _Susúnan_ held at _Kedíri_.

1633 _Pangéran Purbáya_ marches against the exiled _Susúnan_

and conquers him. _Surapáti_ is killed. He marches

with the Admiral towards _Pasúruan_, where he is

again victorious. The exiled _Susúnan_ delivers himself

up to the Admiral, who sends him to _Surabáya_,

from whence he is sent with his _Rátu_ and minister,

_Jaeng Rána_, to Batavia.

1634 Appointment of _Jáya Puspíta_ as _Adipáti_ of _Surabáya_.

1635 Appointment of _Tumúng'gung Chákra Jáya_ as minister,

who is sent to Batavia in the following year.

1637 Journey of the _Susúnan_ to _Matárem_.

1641 Journey of the _Susúnan_ to _Gáding_.

1642 First expedition of the Commodore to _Surabáya_. Conquest

of _Surabáya_, in which the Admiral, Van der

Lee, is killed. Appointment of Brinkman as Admiral.

1643 Death of the _Susúnan Pakubuána_ the first, and the

succession of his eldest son.

1644 Rebellion of _Pangéran Blítar_ in _Matárem_, and the expedition

of Admiral Brinkman against him, wherein

the Admiral gained a complete victory.

1645 Flight of _Pangéran Blítar_ to _Kamagétan_. His death,

and the transport of his body to _Kérta Súra_.

1648 Arrest of _Pangéran Purbáya Aría_, _Dípa Nagára_, and

_Surapáti_, who were all sent to Batavia, from whence

_Pangéran Aría_ was afterwards recalled.

1651 Embassy of _Tumúny'gung Níti Nágara_ to Batavia,

and the death of _Pangéran Purbáya_.

1652 Journey of the _Kiái Adipáti_ to _Semárang_, to pay the

debt of the _Susúnan_ to the Company.

1653 Arrest of _Pangéran Aria Mángku Nagára_, and his

being delivered up to the Company.

1655 Death of _Pangéran Mángkubúmi_, and the arrival of

the Commodore at _Kérta Súra_.

1656 The _Kiái Adipáti_ dispatched to _Semárang_.

1657 An eruption from a volcanic mountain which emitted

flame for three days.

1658 The _Kiái Adipáti_ sent to _Semárang_, where he is

arrested in the Dutch fort. Arrival of the Commodore

at _Kérta Súra_.

1659 _Raden Adipáti Nata Kasúma_ sent to Batavia.

1662 The _Raden Adipáti_ sent to Batavia, and arrival of the

Commodore at _Kérta Súra_.

1664 Journey of the _Susúnan_ to _Matárem_.

1667 Conquest of _Kérta Súra_.

1668 Conquest of _Prándu Láwang_.

1670 Removal of the court of _Súra Kérta_ to _Sólo_, which

place is since called _Súra Kérta Diníngrat_.

1671 Arrival of General Imhoff at _Súra Kérta_.

1675 Death of _Súsunan Pakubúana_ the second, and the time

when _Pangéran Aria Mangkubmi_ proclaimed himself

_Susúnan_.

1676 Battle of _Mangkubumi_ at _Jenar_. Conquest of _Pakálongan_

by him.

1682 Interview between the _Susúnan_ and _Pangéran Mangkubumi_.

Peace established. The lands divided, and

the _Pangéran_ made Sultan of _Yúgya Kérta Adiníngrat_.

1685 Rebellion of _Pangéran Aria Mánku Nagára_ at _Súra

Kérta_. The _Susúnan_ occupies his new palace.

1686 Arrival of _Pangéran Juru_ at _Súra Kérta_, and flight of

_Pangéran Anom_.

1688 Dissolution of the marriage of the _Susúnan_ with the

_Rátu_ of _Madúra_, and the death of _Rátu Madúra

Rétna_ and _Ráden Radméja_. The journey of the

_Rátu_ of _Madúra_ to _Madúra_. _Ráden Kúlon_ made

_Rátu_.

1690 The _Susúnan_ assists in the erection of the triumphal

pillars of the mosque.

1692 The _dálam_ is surrounded by a stone wall.

ACCOUNT OF THE SEVERAL PRINCIPAL DIVISIONS OF JAVA AND MADURA.

In several parts of this work, and in particular when treating of

agriculture and revenue, reference has been made to the changes

introduced by the British government in the internal management of

the country, and to the information of a statistical nature which was

collected with regard to its resources.

It may not be uninteresting to the reader to possess, in a compressed

form, the result of the surveys and inquiries which were then set on

foot, as far as the same were completed at the close of the British

administration on Java. The Appendix L. contains a copy of the

proclamation and of the general instructions issued by the government;

the latter will sufficiently explain the principle on which the tables

for the eastern districts were compiled.

BANTAM.

Bantam, once rich in its pepper plantations and the emporium of the

Archipelago, had, in consequence of the restrictions of the Dutch

company and the vicinity of Batavia, lost all its trade and importance,

long before the arrival of the British.

The succession of the throne of Bantam was generally disposed of by

the influence of the Dutch government: but the administration of the

country and the collection of the port duties were till very lately

entirely entrusted to him. This European influence, though strongly

resisted in the first instance, had been long acquiesced in, till an

attempt of the Dutch government, in the year 1808, to draw additional

benefit from this province, gave occasion to an insurrection. The

successive measures of introducing the cultivation of coffee into

that part of the island, of opening the communication by means of new

roads, and of constructing a new harbour, first at _Mew_ Bay, and

afterwards at _Merak_ Bay, imposed new and unusual burthens on the

people; and so many deserted from the public works that an order was

issued to the Resident, requiring him to inform the sultan that his

first minister should be held responsible for the due execution of the

public task assigned to the sultan's subjects. The desertion still

continuing, an order still more peremptory was issued to the Resident,

requiring him to call upon the sultan to deliver up his first minister

immediately. In carrying these orders into execution, the Resident

having imprudently risked his person, was murdered. This fatal accident

was the occasion of sending a considerable military force to Bantam,

by which an immediate and thorough change in the native government was

effected. The reigning sultan was removed from the throne and banished

to Amboina, and a relative was raised to the sovereign power.

This prince was placed under regulations dictated by the Dutch; for

so fallen had the sovereigns of this once flourishing and powerful

kingdom now become, that the form and solemnity of a treaty was not

deemed necessary. The sultan ceded part of his territories to the

westward, adjacent to the environs of Batavia, the bad administration

of which had frequently given occasion to disturbances in the Batavian

districts. The new sultan was allowed to administer the rest of his

dominions under the superior rule of the Dutch government.

The public works to be carried on in Bantam, and the unusual burthens

they imposed on the people, continued however to excite, from time to

time, disturbances and insurrections. On one occasion a detachment,

consisting of a lieutenant and eighteen dragoons, were surprised and

murdered by the inhabitants. Several native _Pangérans_ and chiefs

fell victims to the same spirit of discontent and revenge, and another

change in the person of the sultan was thought advisable; the new

sultan was in consequence allured on board a vessel, and conveyed to

Batavia, and in his place another chief was installed sultan of the

high lands of Bantam, the Dutch reserving to themselves the direct

administration of the low lands.

The country, however, remaining still in a disturbed state, the

_Pangéran Akmet_ united under his banner the discontented people of all

descriptions, in a more regular opposition to the European authority.

From this time an extraordinary military force was constantly kept in

Bantam: all attempts, however, to arrest the person of _Akmet_ failed.

His influence increased so much that proposals were made to him of a

cession of part of the country: these, however, not being listened to,

it was determined to abandon the interior to his depredations, until

the inhabitants themselves, wearied of his arbitrary proceedings, might

seek refuge with the European government.

The Dutch force being withdrawn from Bantam, _Akmet_ availed himself

of the presence of the British cruizers, during the blockade in 1811,

to strengthen his influence by an intercourse with them, which he

easily effected by furnishing them with supplies plundered by him from

the inhabitants. By the cruizers he was considered as an unfortunate

prince, maintaining his independence against the Dutch; and when the

British troops landed, the sultan was his prisoner, and all Bantam

under his controul.

At the conquest of Java by the British forces the extensive tracts

of this fertile province were thus in the hands of a lawless rebel,

the inhabitants were in a state of revolt, and universal anarchy and

distrust had prevailed for several years. All idea of raising a revenue

on account of government had been abandoned; and the general settlement

of the country under European controul, was the most that could be

hoped for.

In the year 1813 the sultan voluntarily resigned the administration of

the country into the hands of the British government, in consideration

of an annual pension of ten thousand Spanish dollars. With the detailed

system of land revenue introduced into this province, an accurate

survey was made of all the northern divisions; and a settlement having

been made with each individual cultivator, the extent of population

stated in the annexed table, as far as these districts are concerned,

may be considered as in general correct. The population of the southern

districts is estimated; and it may be observed, that the total

population rather exceeds than falls short of what is stated.

GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE POPULATION OF BANTAM.

+----------+---------+-------+---------------+-------+

| |Principal|of +------+--------+Women. +

| | | | | | |

+----------+---------+-------+------+--------+-------+

|Tenára | 9| 1277| 1221| 226| 983|

|Pontang | 23| 3620| 2618| 1030| 2594|

|Ragas | 11| 980| 842| 180| 758|

|Tambakbaya| 24| 1281| 869| 392| 791|

|Panénan | 25| 1248| 822| 427| 788|

|Charoas | 37| 1639| 1323| 497| 1150|

|Kalodran | 14| 1506| 1129| 352| 1130|

|Chépété | 14| 1119| 916| 200| 886|

|Bántam | 12| 1818| 1786| 409| 1677|

|Chebaning | 8| 1073| 842| 230| 839|

| or Siram| 42| 5396| 4399| 980| 4349|

|Pakam | 16| 1062| 937| 108| 930|

|Baros | 51| 2310| 2888| 384| 2795|

|Cheomas | 41| 2690| 2266| 414| 2267|

|Sardang | 26| 2700| 1990| 731| 1846|

|Jawána | 5| 1179| 908| 271| 883|

|Taraté | 15| 1842| 1425| 436| 1357|

|Chelegon | 34| 4767| 3825| 1010| 3685|

|Bujenagára| 12| 2693| 2025| 461| 1964|

|Anyer | 41| 4765| 4710| 490| 4746|

|Charita | 3| --| --| --| --|

|Chéringbin| 32| 2667| 2472| 193| 2403|

|Panimbang | 11| 443| 405| 38| 399|

|Minés | 15| 563| 544| 29| 525|

|Kanánga | 24| 668| 591| 25| 575|

|Chemánok | 32| 1558| 1389| 148| 1409|

|Kadulósong| 26| 596| 596| 74| 596|

|Chekek | 20| 993| 767| 230| 739|

|Pandéglang| 20| 1020| 794| 234| 780|

|Chadasári | 39| 2347| 2227| 321| 2165|

|Pamaryan | --| --| --| --| --|

|Underándi | 11| 656| 570| 88| 537|

|Chikándi | 11| 517| 463| 70| 433|

|Kolelet | 18| 624| 586| 128| 569|

|Chrangasa | --| --| --| --| --|

|Konchang | 16| 1017| 910| 109| 853|

| |---------|-------|------|--------|-------|

| Total | 738| 58631| 50055| 10865| 48401|

+----------+---------+-------+------+--------+-------+

+----------+---------------+---------+------+--------+

| +------+--------+ Popula- | of | +

| | | | | | |

+----------+------+--------+---------+------+--------+

|Tenára | 1017| 642| 4089| 306| 364|

|Pontang | 2766| 2326| 11334| 980| 1635|

|Ragas | 754| 750| 3235| 764| 610|

|Tambakbaya| 752| 669| 3473| 796| 758|

|Panénan | 1089| 921| 4047| 667| 578|

|Charoas | 1294| 984| 5248| 709| 648|

|Kalodran | 1123| 918| 4652| 828| 883|

|Chépété | 643| 558| 3203| 519| 487|

|Bántam | 614| 749| 5235| 306| 231|

|Chebaning | 788| 579| 3278| 598| 807|

| or Siram| 4826| 4139| 18693| 2303| 2787|

|Pakam | 598| 449| 3022| 457| 399|

|Baros | 1825| 1266| 9158| 1851| 2033|

|Cheomas | 902| 723| 6572| 522| 1872|

|Sardang | 2155| 1991| 8713| 944| 804|

|Jawána | 1066| 952| 4080| 555| 515|

|Taraté | 1312| 1102| 5632| 516| 485|

|Chelegon | 3512| 3212| 15244| 2531| 2335|

|Bujenagára| 2198| 2096| 8744| 1009| 1229|

|Anyer | 4346| 3660| 17952| 2375| 1695|

|Charita | --| --| 4143| --| --|

|Chéringbin| 1882| 1454| 8404| 2105| 1140|

|Panimbang | 306| 207| 1858| 53| --|

|Minés | 379| 289| 1756| 382| 386|

|Kanánga | 305| 248| 1744| 419| 373|

|Chemánok | 888| 802| 4636| 1178| 1060|

|Kadulósong| 290| 107| 1663| 941| 772|

|Chekek | 492| 482| 2710| 598| 551|

|Pandéglang| 611| 489| 2908| 625| 622|

|Chadasári | 1576| 1331| 7620| 1323| 1233|

|Pamaryan | --| --| --| 2174| --|

|Underándi | 423| 399| 2017| 499| 459|

|Chikándi | 360| 329| 1655| 374| 324|

|Kolelet | 359| 341| 1983| 356| 285|

|Chrangasa | --| --| 2403| --| --|

|Konchang | 470| 400| 2742| 626| 555|

| |------|--------|---------|------|--------|

| Total | 40921| 45624| 193946| 31289| 28915|

+----------+------+--------+---------+------+--------+

+----------+--------------------------+--------+

| | Settlement, 1815. |Computed|

| +---------+----------------+Total |

| |granted +------+---------+ |

+----------+---------+------+---------+--------+

|Tenára | 573| 1363| 93| 5452|

|Pontang | 1170| 2334| 402| 14112|

|Ragas | 490| 848| 398| 3835|

|Tambakbaya| 939| 1593| 134| 4073|

|Panénan | 598| 938| 442| 4547|

|Charoas | 697| 1206| 198| 6200|

|Kalodran | 800| 1521| 278| 5200|

|Chépété | 826| 1194| 3| 3400|

|Bántam | 237| 361| 326| 5699|

|Chebaning | 353| 516| 451| 3578|

| or Siram| 2764| 3108| 484| 19793|

|Pakam | 741| 1094| 2| 3321|

|Baros | 2334| 2723| 146| 9536|

|Cheomas | 2755| 3640| 167| 6972|

|Sardang | 1247| 1699| 168| 8914|

|Jawána | 673| 959| 464| 4390|

|Taraté | 514| 858| 269| 6400|

|Chelegon | 1321| 2724| 403| 15744|

|Bujenagára| 817| 1710| 30| 9034|

|Anyer | 4341| 2437| 180| 18151|

|Charita | 880| 359| 389| 4143|

|Chéringbin| 3846| 1730| 199| 15384|

|Panimbang | --| --| --| 1957|

|Minés | 673| 284| 358| 1906|

|Kanánga | 808| 291| 195| 1890|

|Chemánok | 1406| 1468| 33| 5237|

|Kadulósong| 2055| 2241| 67| 4320|

|Chekek | 710| 756| 311| 2841|

|Pandéglang| 932| 805| 138| 3329|

|Chadasári | 2039| 1247| 75| 8154|

|Pamaryan | 508| 543| 449| 2174|

|Underándi | 426| 360| 178| 2217|

|Chikándi | 332| 598| 271| 1763|

|Kolelet | 634| 692| 220| 2535|

|Chrangasa | 1025| 601| 382| 2403|

|Konchang | 980| 792| 48| 3110|

| |---------|------|---------|--------|

| Total | 41444| 42122| 54| 221714|

+----------+---------+------+---------+--------+

ESTIMATED POPULATION _of

the_ SOUTHERN DISTRICTS 9890

-------

Parunkujang 1800 Total Population 231604

Binwangan 2200 -------

Parayan 1140

Somang 1305

Sajira 1745

Kosik 1700

----

9890

----

BATAVIA.

Of the splendour and magnificence which procured for this capital the

title of the Queen of the East, little is now to be found. Streets have

been pulled down, canals half filled up, forts demolished, and palaces

levelled with the dust. The state-house, where the supreme court of

justice and magistracy still assemble, remains; merchants transact

their business in the town during the day, and its warehouses still

contain the richest productions of the island, but few Europeans of

respectability sleep within its limits.

The following table comprises all fixed residents within the city

and its immediate suburbs, to the distance of about two miles. The

municipal regulations of this part of the island having been continued

in force, and the execution of them, for the most part, delegated to

Dutch authorities, it is to be apprehended that the return of the

population now given may be found deficient in accuracy. A poll-tax

being levied on the Chinese, and other town duties rendering it the

interest of the parties to withhold information as to the exact

numbers, it is also probable that the total amount considerably exceeds

that now given: certainly it does not fall short of it.

ACCOUNT OF THE POPULATION OF THE CITY OF BATAVIA AND ITS

SUBURBS.

+-------------------------------------+--------+---------+--------+

| +--------+---------+--------+

|Europeans | 367| 176| 543|

| Born in the Colony | 706| 779| 1,485|

|Arabs | 197| 121| 318|

|Moormen | 71| 48| 119|

|Maláyus | 1,756| 1,399| 3,155|

|Javans | 1,782| 1,549| 3,331|

|Búgis | 1,032| 831| 1,863|

|Makásars | 1,148| 881| 2,029|

|Bálians | 4,063| 3,657| 7,720|

|Sumbáwas | 141| 91| 232|

|Mandharese | 112| 111| 223|

|Ambonese and Bandas | 57| 25| 82|

|Timorese and Butanese | 16| 8| 24|

|Pernákans or half-caste Chinese | 357| 248| 605|

|Chinese | 6,976| 4,273| 11,249|

|Slaves | 7,001| 7,238| 14,239|

| +--------+---------+--------+

| Grand Total | 47,217|

| +--------+

ENVIRONS OF BATAVIA.

The lands comprehended under the denomination of the Batavian environs

(_Ommelanden_), originally formed the principal part of the _Jakátra_

dominions. The native chiefs were early deprived of the administration

by the cautious policy of the Dutch, and the lands subsequently sold in

property to Europeans and others. According to an official valuation

in 1813, the amount of property in houses and lands, belonging to

individuals, in the city of Batavia and its environs, including

the private estates near _Buitenzorg_, exceeded eleven millions of

rix-dollars silver, and the taxes were levied on that estimate.

Various systems of government had been attempted in this district

before the arrival of the British in 1811, but so inefficacious were

they, that it was considered unsafe for Europeans to travel without

arms. As a measure of police, a portion of this division, formerly

comprized within the _Ommelanden_, was recently annexed to the regency

of _Buitenzorg_, and formed into a separate administration. For the

population of these two divisions, as they now stand, see General

Table, Vol. I, page 62, Table II.

BATAVIAN OR PRIANGEN REGENCIES.

Each of these regencies was administered by a native chief, immediately

dependent on government, and without any power beyond his district. The

chiefs, however, were mostly allied by frequent intermarriages, and

traced their descent from different chieftains of the ancient empire

of _Pajajáran_. Separated, on the one hand, from the dominions of the

_Susúnan_ and sultan by the country of Chéribon, and on the other from

Bantam by the Batavian environs, their power never became formidable to

the European government. The coffee monopoly in the Western Districts

having been maintained on its former principle during the period of

the British administration, the inhabitants of these districts were

precluded from feeling the effects of the system introduced into the

more eastern districts; but as it was in contemplation, eventually,

to render the change general throughout the island, preparatory

measures were taken, and a survey of these districts being made,

the annexed statistical table was framed. The produce stated in the

table is estimated according to the native returns; these districts

likewise furnish an annual quantity of about seventy-five thousand

hundred-weight of coffee for the European market.

GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE POPULATION AND CULTIVATION

OF THE PRIANGEN REGENCIES, INCLUDING KRAWANG

AND INDRAMAYU.

+--------------+-----+--------------------------+

|Names of the |Numb-| Cultivators. |

|Regencies and |er of+------+-----+------+------+

|Divisions. |Vil- | Men. | Wo- |Boys. |Girls.|

| |la- | | men.| | |

| |ges. | | | | |

+--------------+-----+------+-----+------+------+

| | | | | | |

|Chianjur | 522| 6138| 6196| 7158| 8154|

|Bandung | 721| 10804|10814| 10869| 11176|

|Sumedang | 650| 8573| 8664| 7987| 8932|

|Limbang'an | 168| 2163| 982| 2812| 2916|

|Sukapura | 456| 8500| 8082| 4995| 6026|

|Krawang | 94| 4240| 4340| 1780| 1680|

|Chasem and | 124| 5394| 6000| 3651| 2985|

|Kandangaur | 59| 4885| 5155| 3710| 2575|

|Gunung Parang | 590| 3569| 3600| 2547| 2664|

|Chiputri | 24| 291| 289| 401| 383|

|Chikalong | 50| 800| 856| 526| 625|

|Ujung Brum | 61| 751| 746| 960| 781|

| +-----+------+-----+------+------+

| Totals | 3519| 56118|55724| 47396| 48897|

+--------------+-----+------+-----+------+------+

+--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+-----+----+-----+

|Names of the | Not Cultivators. |Gener-|Buf- |Cows.|Hor-|Plo- |

|Regencies and +-----+-----+-----+-----+al |fa- | |ses.|ughs.|

| | | men.| | |la- | | | | |

+--------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+

| | | | | | | | | | |

|Chianjur | 1504| 1543| 2226| 2315| 35234| 3493| --| 717| 2011|

|Bandung | 2597| 2615| 3537| 3710| 56122|10897| 1043| 932| 6277|

|Sumedang | 97| 104| 97| 140| 34594|10086| 538|1176| 6738|

|Limbang'an | 571| 588| 595| 647| 12270| 2966| 439| 486| 973|

|Sukapura | 458| 380| 216| 473| 29130| 3783| 48| 953| 1101|

|Krawang | 300| 270| 320| 220| 13150| 6073| --| 565| --|

|Chasem and | 150| 175| 120| 160| 18475| 3613| 36| 467 --|

|Kandangaur | 500| 470| 360| 300| 17955| 2606| 60| 153| --|

|Gunung Parang | 1053| 1203| 918| 849| 16403| 2289| 233| 269| 1942|

|Chiputri | 93| 95| 101| 98| 1751| 452| --| 84| 290|

|Chikalong | 210| 244| 219| 280| 3760| 620| --| 132| 279|

|Ujung Brum | 233| 240| 310| 239| 4260| 793| 557| 179| 113|

| +-----+-----+-----+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+

| Totals | 7766| 7927| 9019| 9431|243104|47671| 2954|6113|19724|

+--------------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+-----+-----+----+-----+

+--------------+--------------------+--------------------+

|Names of the | Sawahs. | Tipar |

|Regencies and | | or Tegal. |

|Divisions. |------+------+------+------+------+------+

+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+

| | | | | | | |

|Chianjur | 1006| 3608| 565| 59| 1181| 1|

|Bandung | 370| 1818| 956| 512| 448| 90|

|Sumedang | 338| 3478| 1971| 292| 210| 122|

|Limbang'an | 244| 295| 245| 95| 75| 68|

|Sukapura | 194| 625| 214| 197| 549| 529|

|Krawang | 1761| 6083| 1043| 537| --| --|

|Chasem and | 3428| 334| 6237| 25| --| 40032|

|Kandangaur | 482| 381| 537| --| --| --|

|Gunung Parang | 486| 474| 523| 16| 347| --|

|Chiputri | 210| --| --| --| --| --|

|Chikalong | 83| 67| 9| 33| 59| --|

|Ujung Brum | 75| 73| 79| 28| 13| --|

| +------+------+------+------+------+------+

| Totals | 8677| 17236| 12379| 1794| 2882| 40842|

+--------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+

+--------------+------+------+------+------+

|Regencies and |Gro- |in |For- |of Land

| | |ins. | |tiva- |

+--------------+------+------+------+------+

| | | | | |

|Chianjur | 15757| 92| --| 22242|

|Bandung | 24371| --| --| 31571|

|Sumedang | 10397| --| 88| 16897|

|Limbang'an | 13789| --| --| 14821|

|Sukapura | 663| 701| 20| 3718|

|Krawang | --| --| --| --|

|Chasem and | --| --| --| --|

|Kandangaur | --| --| --| --|

|Gunung Parang | --| --| --| --|

|Chiputri | --| --| --| --|

|Chikalong | --| --| --| --|

|Ujung Brum | --| --| --| --|

| +------+------+------+------+

| Totals | 64977| 793| 108| 80249|

+--------------+------+------+------+------+

+--------------+--------------+--------------+------+

|Divisions. +-------+------+-------+------+ nut |

| | | | | | |

+--------------+-------+------+-------+------+------+

| |Tjains.|Tjains| Sh. | Sh. | |

|Chianjur | 22898| --| 68596| --| 19256|

|Bandung | 26083| --| 78249| --| 12616|

|Sumedang | 32718| --| 98154| --| 9000|

|Limbang'an | 6152| --| 21258| --| 6410|

|Sukapura | 5020| --| 14819| 1401| 7446|

|Krawang | --| --| --| --| 4260|

|Chasem and | --| --| --| --| 2596|

|Kandangaur | --| --| --| --| 7486|

|Gunung Parang | 11183| --| 33549| --| 2662|

|Chiputri | 1265| --| 3795| --| 170|

|Chikalong | 1804| --| 5412| --| 1204|

|Ujung Brum | 809| --| 2427| --| 44|

| +-------+------+-------+------+------+

| Totals | 107932| --| 326259| 1401| 73150|

+--------------+-------+------+-------+------+------+

CHERIBON.

Chéribon fell under the European influence in the year 1666, and has

now been subject to it one hundred and fifty years. It was among the

first cessions made to the Dutch by the princes of _Matárem_.

This province had, like Bantam, been in a state of continued

insurrection for many years preceding the arrival of the English. The

importance of the town of _Chéribon_ has considerably declined, partly

in consequence of these commotions, and partly of epidemic fevers which

prevailed some years ago.

The extensive and fertile province of _Chéribon_ did not, under the

administration of the Dutch Company, yield those profits which were

expected from its great natural resources; especially of indigo,

coffee, and teak timber. The Sultans of _Chéribon_, descended from one

of the founders of the Mahomedan religion on Java, and on that account

objects of religious veneration among the more orthodox Mahomedans,

were always left in the entire management of the native administration.

The coffee and other produce exacted from the people, was delivered

by the Sultan, and paid for to him. Under this system, the residents

of _Chéribon_ enjoyed an annual income of from eighty to one hundred

thousand dollars (£23,000), while the Sultans were every year more and

more impoverished. At length an insurrection broke out in 1800, the

ostensible reason of which was the unjust removal of Sultan _Kanóman_,

who had been banished by the Dutch to Amboina, and the real cause

probably the great oppression of the common inhabitants, occasioned

by the distress of the Sultans, and the indiscriminate admission of

too many Chinese in the interior of the country. The reinstallation of

Sultan _Kanóman_, in 1808, by Marshal Daendals, did not appease the

minds of the people; and the unwillingness or inability of that prince

to restore the public tranquillity, led to an entirely new organization

of the country.

When the island was conquered by the British troops, the rebel, _Bágus

Rángen_, still maintained himself in the eastern parts of _Kráwang_,

in perfect defiance of the power of government, sternly rejecting

the offers of pardon and oblivion which were on that occasion offered

to him, and eluding or defeating all attempts to destroy or ensnare

him. Such was the veneration in which this man was regarded by the

people of these districts, and such the dread in which he was held

by the native chiefs (through whose means alone his apprehension was

to be accomplished), that he remained in perfect quiet and security,

maintained a correspondence with the disaffected throughout the

province, secured his regular supplies of ammunition and provisions

from all parts, and even from the town of _Chéribon_, and tranquilly

prepared for the ensuing rainy season, to appear again in arms and

ravage the country.

In a few months after the establishment of a British resident in the

district, the person of _Bágus Rángen_ was secured, and the country

reduced to a perfect state of tranquillity, in which it remained during

the whole period of the British administration.

The following extracts from the report of the gentleman[279] intrusted

with the introduction of the land revenue system into Chéribon, may

serve to illustrate the state of this province:--

"There is, perhaps, with the exception of the environs of Batavia and

Bantam, no part of the island of Java which has so severely felt the

bad effects of mismanagement as the district of _Chéribon_. These

effects are visible in the character of the people, who, even among

the Javans, are remarkable for a careless indifference to the pursuit

of gain, for indolence, for want of energy, and for a credulity and

ignorance, rendering them perpetually a prey to delusion. Within

the last forty years, in particular, a series of mismanagement and

oppression is said to have wrought a most unfavourable change in the

character of the people, to have destroyed the habits of industry, and

consequently to have changed even the aspect of the country, so that

it is no longer to be recognized as the fruitful district which it is

once represented to have been. Within the last seven years, famine,

mortality, and civil commotion, have contributed to aggravate the evils

of mismanagement, and in one or other form have desolated some of the

finest parts of the district.

"The history of the civil commotions alluded to afford a striking

illustration of the character of the inhabitants. It certainly gives no

countenance to the representation of those observers who ascribe to the

Javans in general a character of the most invincible apathy, stupidity,

and indolence, as if these qualities had been irrevocably engrafted

upon their very natures. A better knowledge of their real character

enables us to draw very different inferences, and to ascribe to them a

much larger share of sensibility, than could from reasoning be expected

to result from the apparently overwhelming causes which contribute to

degrade their faculties and blunt their energies and exertions.

"It is an instructive fact, highly worthy of remark, that the

successive commotions and insurrections which have for many years

disturbed the peace of _Chéribon_, have uniformly had their origin

in the Javan districts, where the rights of private property in the

soil were almost entirely overlooked, that they have only occasionally

extended from the Javan to the _Súnda_ districts, and have never

reached the _Priang'en_ lands, where property in the soil is fully

acknowledged and respected.

"The taxes which fell upon agriculture were so various, and at the same

time assumed such a variety of shapes, that it is impracticable to

state in a word the actual portion which by law or custom fell to the

share of the sovereign.

"The most material, however, are comprehended in the following

catalogue, to which are added, others falling equally upon agricultural

industry, though not constituting a direct source of revenue to

government:

"1. The contingent, called in the language of the country, _gántang_.

This is usually estimated at fifteen parts in one hundred of the rice

crop; but it was, in truth, arbitrarily assessed, according to a rough

conjecture of the capability of the country. In such of the _Priang'en_

lands as continued to be directly administered by their own native

chiefs, the amount paid to the latter was determined with some accuracy

to be one tenth of the gross produce, embracing, as in the first case,

the rice crop only.

"2. A poll tax, or rather a tax on families, called by the natives of

this part of the country, _pagalántang_. Part was levied on account of

government, and part on account of the chiefs.

"3. Market duties or tolls. These were literally levied on every

article vended in the markets, embracing as well the whole produce of

their agriculture, as that of their petty arts and manufactures.

"4. A tax on the slaughter of buffaloes, necessarily affecting the

price of food, and discouraging the rearing of an animal indispensable

to a successful prosecution of the labours of agriculture.

"5. The charge of lodging and feeding travellers, and transporting

troops, baggage, and stores of all descriptions. This is termed in the

native language, _súguh_, or the rites of hospitality.

"6. The obligation to construct and repair bridges, roads, and public

buildings, throughout the country.

"7. The obligation to cultivate and deliver, at inadequate rates,

certain foreign productions, which the actual condition of the country,

the habits of the people, and still less their interests, could never

have prompted them to undertake, if permitted freely to pursue their

own interest. Coffee was the chief of these products.

"8. In speaking of the taxes which fall upon the husbandman and the

land, the _Zakat_ must not be forgotten. This is nominally a tithe,

or tenth. The payment is indeed optional, but from religious motives

seldom withheld. Every tenth sheaf of the rice crop is allotted to

religious purposes, but every man measures its size according to his

own piety. Its amount was of course very variable, but almost always

materially smaller, and generally indeed not half the size, of the

ordinary sheaf. This practice gives rise to a well known distinction

between the ordinary sheaf and that allotted for the clergy, when the

grain is brought to market."

The table annexed was framed on the introduction of the detailed

system; but it not being practicable, on account of the extent of the

province, for the European officer to visit every part of the district,

many of the particulars are stated upon estimate; particularly the

quantity of cultivated land and amount of produce, which, it is to

be apprehended, are rather over-rated. The return, however, of the

population may be considered more accurate.

GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE CULTIVATION AND POPULATION

OF CHERIBON, 1815.

+-------------+--------------------------+

| | SAWAH. |

| +--------+--------+--------+

| | | | |

+-------------+--------+--------+--------+

| Bengawan | 820| 1119| 2587|

| Cheribon | 78| 319| 1318|

| Chiamis | 231| | 352|

| Chikaso | 182| 409| 873|

| Lingajati | 431| 315| 429|

| Gebang | 70| 140| 567|

| Losari | 3| 8| 600|

| Kuningan | 91| 247| 901|

| Telaga | 101| 195| 338|

| Sindangkasi | 294| 361| 459|

| Raja Galu | 289| 377| 591|

| Panjalu | 24| 84| 265|

| Districts | 156| 500| 831|

| +--------+--------+--------+

| Total | 2770| 4074| 10111|

+-------------+--------+--------+--------+

+-------------+-------------------------------+-------+--------+

| +---------+---------+-----------| Sawah | Value +

+-------------+---------+---------+-----------+-------+--------+

| Bengawan | 87565| 89529| 138012| 4527| 315107|

| Cheribon | 8345| 25544| 70327| 1716| 104217|

| Chiamis | 24658| | 18815| 583| 43474|

| Chikaso | 19435| 32768| 46607| 1465| 98811|

| Lingajati | 46012| 25242| 22884| 1175| 94140|

| Gebang | 7479| 11216| 30288| 778| 48984|

| Losari | 320| 713| 32024| 612| 33057|

| Kuningan | 9718| 19765| 42768| 1140| 72252|

| Telaga | 10833| 15643| 18066| 635| 44542|

| Sindangkasi | 31440| 28926| 24521| 1116| 84888|

| Raja Galu | 30921| 30211| 31534| 1258| 92667|

| Panjalu | 2663| 6754| 14181| 375| 23598|

| Districts | 16646| 40072| 44320| 1487| 101039|

| +---------+---------+-----------+-------+--------+

| Total | 296035| 326383| 534347| 16867| 1156776|

+-------------+---------+---------+-----------+-------+--------+

+-------------+-------------------+------------------------+

| | TEGAL. | VALUE OF TEGAL. |

| +-----+------+------+-------+-------+--------+

| | | | | | | |

+-------------+-----+------+------+-------+-------+--------+

| Bengawan | | 8| 68| 19| 700| 3676|

| Cheribon | | 19| 94| 10| 1543| 5015|

| Chiamis | | 51| 144| | 4089| 7704|

| Chikaso | | | 138| | 30| 7374|

| Lingajati | 49| 34| 42| 5304| 2758| 2276|

| Gebang | | 20| 27| | 1640| 1456|

| Losari | | 9| 3| | 759| 197|

| Kuningan | | 15| 341| | 1244| 18208|

| Telaga | 1| 22| 648| 148| 1824| 34593|

| Sindangkasi | | 19| 302| | 1529| 16126|

| Raja Galu | | | 98| | | 5274|

| Panjalu | | | 399| | | 21298|

| Districts | --| --| --| -- | --| 39|

| +-----+------+------+-------+-------+--------+

| Total | 50| 197| 2304| 5481| 16116| 123236|

+-------------+-----+------+------+-------+-------+--------+

+-------------+--------+--------+-------+---------+

| | of | of | and | of the |

| | | | | |

+-------------+--------+--------+-------+---------+

| Bengawan | 77| 4395| 4605| 319503|

| Cheribon | 113| 6569| 1829| 110786|

| Chiamis | 195| 11794| 779| 55269|

| Chikaso | 138| 7404| 1604| 106216|

| Lingajati | 126| 10339| 1302| 94479|

| Gebang | 47| 3097| 826| 52082|

| Losari | 13| 957| 625| 34014|

| Kuningan | 356| 19452| 1497| 91705|

| Telaga | 672| 36565| 1308| 81108|

| Sindangkasi | 321| 17655| 1437| 102544|

| Raja Galu | 98| 5274| 1357| 97941|

| Panjalu | 399| 21298| 774| 44897|

| Districts | --| 39| 1488| 101079|

| +--------+--------+-------+---------+

| Total | 2555| 144838| 19431| 1291627|

+-------------+--------+--------+-------+---------+

+-------------------------------------------------------

+-------------+------+--------+--------+--------+------+

|tion 216001 |105421| 110550| 132215| 83889| 48866|

+-------------+------+--------+--------+--------+------+

+------------------------+--------------------------------

| | Total | Total | JAVANS.

| |Number | Number +-------+------+--------+-------+

+-------+-------+--------+-------+------+--------+-------+

|tion | 6623| 17356| 213658| 99837| 113821| 132106|

+-------+-------+--------+-------+------+--------+-------+

+----------------------------------------+---------

| JAVANS. |

| +--------+------+-------+--------+--------+

| |in other| of | of | of |Chinese,|

+-------+--------+------+-------+--------+--------+

|tion | 81659| 42846| 6489| 17318| 2343|

+-------+--------+------+-------+--------+--------+

+----------------------------------------------------------------+

| CHINESE |

| +-------+--------+------+--------+------+-------+--------+

| | of |in other| | | of | of | of |

+-------+-------+--------+------+--------+------+-------+--------+

|tion | 109| 2234| 1093| 1141| 320| 124| 48|

+-------+-------+--------+------+--------+------+-------+--------+

EASTERN DISTRICTS.

The Dutch, in acquiring these extensive and valuable provinces on

the sea coast, were considered to have acquired the same right as

had previously been enjoyed by the native sovereigns, and deemed it

advisable to continue the long-established principles and forms of

native government. In the same manner, therefore, as the emperors

of Java were looked upon as the ultimate proprietors of the land in

their dominions, the Dutch Company were considered as possessing

the same right with respect to the provinces under their immediate

administration; and the princes of Java having been in the habit

of entrusting the government, police, and revenue of the different

provinces to inferior chiefs, the same system was adhered to under the

Dutch. The native system of drawing again the revenues of government

from these inferior chieftains, by means of contributions in kind, in

money, and by occasional fees and presents, was also maintained; a

portion of the common class of inhabitants under the native government

being assigned to the performance of different sorts of public works,

transports for government, the repair of the roads, the construction

of public buildings, the guarding of public stores, the loading and

unloading of government vessels, the cutting of grass, the cutting of

fire-wood, the keeping a police guard, and other offices, the same

principle was adopted under the management of the Dutch, and as under

the native form of administration a reward for these feudal services

was granted, by the use of an assignment of rice fields allotted either

to individuals or to certain classes of workmen, but withdrawn from

them as soon as the public duty ceased to be performed, the same mode

of remuneration was also adopted by the Dutch.

These principles of administration being combined with the mercantile

interests of the Dutch Company, gave rise to certain contracts, which

the native chiefs of the different districts (termed by the Dutch

_Regents_) were compelled to enter into on their appointment, for the

annual delivery to the Company, either without payment, which was

called _a contingent_, or for a price far below that of the market,

which was termed a _forced delivery at a fixed price_, of such

quantity of rice, pepper, cotton, indigo, and other articles, as the

market and present state of trade and commerce made most desirable;

while the planting of coffee and the cutting of teak timber was always

considered as a feudal service, for which, besides the use of a certain

portion of rice fields, allotted to the individuals or villagers

employed, a certain payment was made, about equivalent to the expenses

of transportation to the government yards or storehouses.

The administration of the Eastern Districts, including _Madúra_, was

vested in a _governor and council for the north-east coast of Java_.

The governor was, at the same time, director of the Company's trade,

and resided at _Semárang_. Subordinate to this government was that

called _Gezaghebber_ and council, established at _Surabáya_, the chief

place of the east point of Java; while in the other principal districts

along the coast, as at _Tegal Pekalóngan_, _Japára_, _Jawána_, &c.

residents were fixed: no direct correspondence from the eastern part

of the island was maintained with the government of Batavia, except by

the governor, usually termed the governor of Java, or by the governor

and council. Even the residents at the native courts of _Súra Kérta_

and _Yúgya Kérta_, only communicated with government through him. By

him the succession to the throne of the _Susúnan_ and of the sultan was

generally determined; the appointments of native chiefs and regents

were made on his proposal; the Company's farms and duties for the

Eastern Districts were sold by him; and though he had literally no

salary whatever from the treasury of government, he was supposed to

draw from his situation a yearly revenue of between three and four

hundred thousand dollars. At the same time the correspondence with

the Eastern Districts was neither very regular nor very expeditious,

and the management of the Company's affairs in those districts was as

much a mystery to the chief government at Batavia, as the governor of

_Semárang_ chose to make it.

This system continued, without any essential alteration, until after

the arrival of Marshal Daendals in 1808.

Some of the contingents, such as indigo, cotton yarn, pepper, &c. to

which, however, the regents had not without great reluctance submitted

for many years, were then indeed partially abolished; but, on the other

hand, all the peculations of the Dutch servants residing along the

coast, who had for their own private emolument raised the deliveries,

chiefly of rice, at some places to double, and at others to more than

double the quantity legally assessed on the regents, at the same time

paying for them at some places two-thirds, and at others only half

the price assigned by the government, were at once transferred and

confirmed to government, by a single decree, ordering, without previous

inquiry or reserve, that all the produce which had been usually

delivered to the respective residents along the coast, under whatever

denomination, should, in the same quantities and with their surplus

weight, be for the future delivered to government, and that no higher

prices should be granted for the same than that which the residents

used to pay.

Equally inconsistent and oppressive in its consequences was a measure

by which, on the one hand, the wages of private labour and services

were raised to an unusual price, while on the other, the public works,

the public transports, and the plantations of coffee, were carried on

either gratuitously or at the former inadequate rate. This regulation

raised the price of all the first necessaries of life, and principally

of rice, which the common classes of the inhabitants felt as a heavier

grievance than any they had ever experienced from the former system.

Till then, the colonial administration had always, as far as was

consistent with their own monopoly and forced delivery of produce at

fixed rates, taken particular care to keep down the price of rice and

salt as much as possible.

But a measure, still more pernicious in its consequences, was that by

which the native regents were each of them subjected to a contribution

in hard cash, while at the same time the power of levying taxes on the

inhabitants of these districts was left in their hands; a system which,

in all cases, afforded them a pretext, and in many an apology, for the

most vexatious oppression.

The commendation which is due to this administration is rather founded

on those arrangements which had a tendency to prevent peculations

in the inferior European servants in every department, and on the

abolition of the subordinate governments of _Semárang_ and _Surabáya_.

Fixed salaries were allowed to the residents; they were prohibited from

keeping private vessels, and from all trade in the products of their

districts. The sale of the government farms and duties was made public,

and in a great measure free from corruption, by which means they were

immediately raised to more than three times the former amount: each

branch of public expenditure and receipt was fixed and ascertained;

new and practicable roads were established; the appointment of every

native, from the first rank as low as a _Demáng_, was reserved to

the government alone; the Javan custom of pawning the person for a

small sum of money was prohibited; fees and presents were abolished.

By such measures, a much more regular, active, pure, and efficient

administration was established on Java than ever existed at any former

period of the Dutch Company.

JAVA.

The following tables are abstracted from the detailed reports furnished

during the course of the survey made by the British government. In

some particulars they may be deficient and inaccurate, as sufficient

time had not been given to complete the detailed survey of the country

directed by the Revenue Instructions; but the general results may, for

the most part, be depended upon.

GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE CULTIVATION AND POPULATION

OF TEGAL.

+-----------+-------+------+------+--------+---------------------+

+-----------+-------+------+------+--------+------+------+-------+

|Tegal | 5920| 5694| 204| 21|367198| 16335| 541|

|Brebes | 3924| 3371| 394| 159|152354| 31520| 2740|

|Pamalang | 2817| 2378| 293| 145|114820| 23499| 2551|

| +-------+------+------+--------+------+------+-------+

|Grand Total| 12661| 11443| 891| 325|634372| 71354| 5832|

+-----------+-------+------+------+--------+------+------+-------+

+-----------+---------------------------+------------|

| |Estimated Value of Produce.| Total |

| Names of +--------+--------+---------+ estimated |

+-----------+--------+--------+---------+------------|

|Tegal | 538557| 6125| 5198| 549881|

|Brebes | 223453| 11820| 26305| 261578|

|Pamalang | 168403| 8812| 24491| 201707|

| +--------+--------+---------+------------+

|Grand Total| 930413| 26757| 55994| 1013166|

+-----------+--------+--------+---------+------------+

+-----------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+-----+

| |TOTAL |Males.|Fe- |Culti-|House-|Buf- |Hor- |

| Names of |Popula-| |males.|va- |hold- |fa- |ses. |

| | | | | |not | | |

| | | | | |va- | | |

| | | | | | | | |

+-----------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+-----+

|Tegal | 123208| 58185| 65023| 11693| 7990| 14689| 1435|

|Brebes | 24833| 9354| 15485| 5546| 1143| 5313| 747|

|Pamalang | 30374| 14000| 16342| 5547| 1549| 4172| 491|

| +--------------+------+------+------+------+-----+

|Grand Total| 178415| 81539| 96850| 22786| 10682| 24174| 2673|

+-----------+-------+------+------+------+------+------+-----+

+-----------+--------+-------------------------------------------+

| |Ploughs.| JAVANS. |

| Names of | | |

|Divisions. | +-------------------------------------------+

| | |TOTAL |Males.|Fe- |Buf- |Hor- |Ploughs.|

| | |Number | |males.|fa- |ses. | |

| | |of | | |loes. | | |

| | | | | | | | |

+-----------+--------+-------+------+------+------+-----+--------+

|Tegal | 5685| 121238| 57224| 64014| 14663| 1359| 5682|

|Brebes | 2668| 24230| 9118| 15111| 5199| 733| 2602|

|Pamalang | 1800| 29978| 13823| 16123| 4160| 471| 1794|

| +--------+-------+------+------+------+-----+--------+

|Grand Total| 10153| 175446| 80165| 95248| 24022| 2563| 10078|

+-----------+--------+-------+------+------+------+-----+--------+

+-----------+----------------------------------+

| | CHINESE and other |

| Names of | FOREIGNERS. |

|Divisions. +----------------------------------+

| |TOTAL|Mal-|Fe- |Buf-|Ho-|Ploughs.|

| |Numb-|es. |mal- |fal-|rs-| |

| |er of| |es. |oes |es.| |

| |Chi- | | | | | |

+-----------+-----+----+-----+----+---+--------+

|Tegal | 1025| 518| 507| 13| 64| --|

|Brebes | 583| 220| 363| 91| 12| 43|

|Pamalang | 396| 177| 219| 22| 20| 6|

| +-----+----+-----+----+---+--------+

|Grand Total| 2004| 915| 1089| 126| 96| 49|

+-----------+-----+----+-----+----+---+--------+

REMARKS: Average Value of a Jung of Cultivated Land, Java Rupees 79.

GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE CULTIVATION AND POPULATION

OF PAKALONG'AN, 1815.

+---+-----------+---------+---------+---------+---------+----------+

| | | | | | in | |

+---+-----------+---------+---------+---------+---------+----------+

| 1|Pakalong'an| 1107| 10765 --| -- | -- | 5474 --|

| 2|Ulujami | 247| 2593 1| -- | -- | 1612 --|

| 3|Batang | 527| 7970 --| -- | -- | 2850 --|

| +-----------+---------+---------+---------+---------+----------+

| | Total | 1881| 21328 1| -- | -- | 9936 --|

+---+-----------+---------+---------+---------+---------+----------+

+---+-----------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+

| | | | | | | |

+---+-----------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+

| 1|Pakalong'an| 4974 --| 500 --| 1657 --| 235 --| 50 --|

| 2|Ulujami | 1608 3| 3 1| 261 2| -- | 3 3|

| 3|Batang | 2750 --| 100 --| 1000 --| 178 --| 250 --|

| +-----------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+

| | Total | 9332 3| 603 1| 2918 2| 413 --| 303 3|

+---+-----------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+

+---+-----------+----------+------------+-----------+---------+

| | | | | | |

+---+-----------+----------+------------+-----------+---------+

| 1|Pakalong'an| -- | 7416 -- | 235 -- | 114 --|

| 2|Ulujami | -- | 1877 1 | 30 2 | 340 1|

| 3|Batang | -- | 4278 -- | 700 -- | 500 --|

| +-----------+----------+------------+-----------+---------+

| | Total | -- | 13571 1 | 965 2 | 954 1|

+---+-----------+----------+------------+-----------+---------+

+---+-----------+---------+---------+--------------------+

| | | |Villages.+----------+---------+

+---+-----------+---------+---------+----------+---------+

| 1|Pakalong'an| 3000 --| 3114 --| 149220 --| 8000 --|

| 2|Ulujami | 340 1| 680 3| 48025 12| 43 5|

| 3|Batang | 2500 --| 3000 --| 82500 --| 1600 --|

| +-----------+---------+---------+----------+---------+

| | Total | 5840 1| 6794 3| 279745 12| 9643 5|

+---+-----------+---------+---------+----------+---------+

+---+-----------+--------------------------+--------------+

| | +--------------+-----------+ Value. |

+---+-----------+--------------+-----------+--------------+

| 1|Pakalong'an| 238752 -- | 1600 -- | 240352 -- |

| 2|Ulujami | 116528 26 | 8 12 | 116537 8 |

| 3|Batang | 165000 -- | 500 -- | 165500 -- |

| +-----------+--------------+-----------+--------------+

| | Total | 520280 26 | 2108 12 | 522389 8 |

+---+-----------+--------------+-----------+--------------+

+---+------------+------------+-------+---------+-------------+

| | | | | | |

+---+------------+------------+-------+---------+-------------+

| 1| Pakalong'an| 58432| 25398| 33034| 14000|

| 2| Ulujami | 20278| 9947| 10331| 4351|

| 3| Batang | 36732| 17842| 18890| 7810|

| +------------+------------+-------+---------+-------------+

| | Total | 115442| 53187| 62255| 26161|

+---+------------+------------+-------+---------+-------------+

+---+------------+------------+-----------+--------+---------+--------

| | Districts. | Avocations.| of | of | of | Total |

| | | | | | | |

+---+------------+------------+-----------+--------+---------+-------+

| 1| Pakalong'an| 2928| 7804| 535| 3000| 57330|

| 2| Ulujami | 554| 2469| 126| 1058| 19968|

| 3| Batang | 423| 6370| 300| 3270| 36098|

| +------------+------------+-----------+--------+---------+-------+

| | Total | 3905| 16643| 961| 7328| 113396|

+---+------------+------------+-----------+--------+---------+-------+

+---+-------------------------------------------------------

|No.| Names JAVANS.

| | of +-------+--------+------------+-----------+

| | | | | of | in other |

+---+------------+-------+--------+------------+-----------+

| 1| Pakalong'an| 24730| 32600| 14600| 2028|

| 2| Ulujami | 9801| 10167| 4351| 554|

| 3| Batang | 17476| 18622| 7800| 250|

| +------------+-------+--------+------------+-----------+

| | Total | 52007| 61389| 26751| 2832|

+---+------------+-------+--------+------------+-----------+

+---+----------------------------------------+---------

|No.| Names JAVANS. |

| | of +----------+-------+--------+--------+

| | | of | of | of |Chinese.|

+---+------------+----------+-------+--------+--------+

| 1| Pakalong'an| 7800| 510| 3600| 1102|

| 2| Ulujami | 2469| 119| 1058| 310|

| 3| Batang | 6170| 280| 3220| 634|

| +------------+----------+-------+--------+--------+

| | Total | 16439| 909| 7878| 2046|

+---+------------+----------+-------+--------+--------+

+---+------------------------------------------------------

|No.| Names CHINESE and other FOREIGNERS. |

| | of +------------+-----------+------+--------+

| | | of | in other | | |

+---+------------+------------+-----------+------+--------+

| 1| Pakalong'an| --| 300| 668| 434|

| 2| Ulujami | --| 310| 146| 164|

| 3| Batang | 10| 73| 366| 268|

| +------------+------------+-----------+------+--------+

| | Total | 10| 783| 1180| 866|

+---+------------+------------+-----------+------+--------+

+---+----------------------------------------+

|No.| Names CHINESE and other FOREIGNERS.|

| | of +----------+-------+--------+

| | | of | of | of |

+---+------------+----------+-------+--------+

| 1| Pakalong'an| 4| 25| --|

| 2| Ulujami | --| 7| --|

| 3| Batang | 200| 20| 50|

| +------------+----------+-------+--------+

| | Total | 204| 52| 50|

+---+------------+----------+-------+--------+

REMARKS: Average Value of a Jung of cultivated land, 52 Rupees, 16

Stivers.

GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE CULTIVATION AND POPULATION

OF SEMARANG, 1815.

+---+----------+------+---------+---------+---------+---------+

| | |lages.| | in | | |

+---+----------+------+---------+---------+---------+---------+

| 1| Serondol | 75| 2818 1| 1240 3| 1343 1| 1083 1|

| 2| Sing'en | 201| 14602 0| 15291 1| 5936 1| 5816 2|

| 3| Grogol | 52| 682 0| 692 0| 607 2| 606 2|

| 4| Ugarang | 87| 1463 1| 3385 0| 795 3| 681 1|

| 5| Ambarawa | 131| 5947 1| 6117 2| 1631 2| 1395 3|

| 6| Salatiga | 126| 3497 0| 5964 2| 1560 3| 1201 3|

| 7| Boyalali | 61| 3675 2| 1636 1| 2057 3| 714 3|

| 8| Wedong | 60| 3945 1| 2540 0| 2344 3| 2311 0|

| 9| Demak | 101| 3353 0| 3760 0| 2354 3| 2348 0|

| 10| Manjer | 62| 7661 0| 7619 0| 1498 1| 1483 3|

| 11| Sambung | 87| 2572 2| 2560 0| 1405 3| 1394 3|

| 12| Chankiran| 34| 799 1| 2486 1| 334 2| 332 0|

| 13| Limbangan| 36| 1090 3| 5770 0| 359 3| 343 1|

| 14| Kaliwungu| 125| 3816 3| 6306 0| 931 2| 782 2|

| 15| Brebuan | 95| 1468 2| 2500 0| 789 3| 740 3|

| 16| Kandal | 97| 1876 1| 481 3| 1085 2| 1065 3|

| 17| Truko | 88| 1754 0| 2268 0| 963 1| 948 1|

| | |------+---------+---------+---------+---------+

| | Totals | 1518| 61022 2| 70618 1| 26000 2| 23249 3|

+---+----------+------+---------+---------+---------+---------+

+---+----------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+

| | | | | | | |

+---+----------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+

| 1| Serondol | 260 0| 357 3| 81 3| 105 2| 42 3|

| 2| Sing'en | 119 3| 937 1| -- 0 | 7038 1| 28 1|

| 3| Grogol | 1 0| 70 1| -- 0 | -- 0 | 2 2|

| 4| Ugarang | 114 2| 200 3| 59 3| 41 3| 17 2|

| 5| Ambarawa | 235 3| 391 3| 107 3| 2642 2| 66 3|

| 6| Salatiga | 359 0| 391 2| 26 2| 124 1| 46 2|

| 7| Boyalali | 1343 0| 270 2| 14 0| 5 0| 7 2|

| 8| Wedong | 33 3| 119 3| -- 0 | -- 0 | 34 3|

| 9| Demak | 6 3| 228 3| -- 0 | -- 0 | 9 3|

| 10| Manjer | 14 2| 459 1| -- 0 | 3221 1| 1 2|

| 11| Sambung | 11 0| 201 3| -- 0 | 2 2| 6 3|

| 12| Chankiran| 2 2| 64 2| 61 1| 91 0| 6 3|

| 13| Limbangan| 16 2| 59 2| 51 3| 61 0| 6 1|

| 14| Kaliwungu| 149 0| 224 0| 45 1| 1062 3| 29 1|

| 15| Brebuan | 49 0| 179 0| 19 3| 419 1| 6 2|

| 16| Kandal | 19 3| 173 1| -- 0 | -- 0 | 25 1|

| 17| Truko | 15 0| 116 2| 12 1| 144 3| 18 2|

| | +---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+

| | Totals | 3750 3| 4446 0| 480 0| 14959 3| 357 0|

+---+----------+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+

+---+----------+---------+-----------+---------+---------+

| | | | | | |

+---+----------+---------+-----------+---------+---------+

| 1| Serondol | 1931 0| 309 3| 231 2| 346 0|

| 2| Sing'en | 13940 0| 268 2| 177 3| 215 3|

| 3| Grogol | 680 1| --| 1 3| --|

| 4| Ugarang | 1115 2| 64 1| 131 2| 152 0|

| 5| Ambarawa | 4840 1| 347 3| 239 2| 519 3|

| 6| Salatiga | 2149 2| 451 2| 159 0| 737 0|

| 7| Boyalali | 2354 3| 247 2| 764 3| 308 2|

| 8| Wedong | 2499 1| 377 0| 90 0| 979 0|

| 9| Demak | 2593 1| 352 0| 25 2| 382 1|

| 10| Manjer | 5180 1| 1321 2| 103 2| 1055 3|

| 11| Sambung | 1616 3| 564 3| 23 2| 367 2|

| 12| Chankiran| 558 0| 37 2| 40 1| 163 2|

| 13| Limbangan| 538 1| 69 2| 21 0| 462 0|

| 14| Kaliwungu| 2292 3| 205 2| 429 3| 888 3|

| 15| Brebuan | 1414 1| 24 2| 17 2| 12 1|

| 16| Kandal | 1284 0| -- 1| 28 2| 563 2|

| 17| Truko | 1255 1| 23 1| 204 3| 270 3|

| | +---------+-----------+---------+---------+

| | Totals | 46243 1| 4665 0| 2690 0| 7424 1|

+---+----------+---------+-----------+---------+---------+

+---+----------+---------+-----------+----------+

| |Divisions.|in use +-----------+----------+

| | | | | |

+---+----------+---------+-----------+----------+

| 1| Serondol | 887 1| 33513 3 | 7260178 0|

| 2| Sing'en | 662 0| 161711 4 | 2974400 0|

| 3| Grogol | 1 3| 18869 0 | 4000 0|

| 4| Ugarang | 347 3| 17040 10 | 2471530 0|

| 5| Ambarawa | 1107 0| 43691 15 | 5488924 0|

| 6| Salatiga | 1347 2| 34738 12½| 7757668 0|

| 7| Boyalali | 1320 3| 18186 0 |29389643 0|

| 8| Wedong | 1446 0| 54683 7 | 540967 0|

| 9| Demak | 759 3| 56433 18 | 162000 0|

| 10| Manjer | 2480 3| 37359 1 | 348870 0|

| 11| Sambung | 955 3| 32894 15 | --|

| 12| Chankiran| 241 1| 9332 7 | 45935 0|

| 13| Limbangan| 552 2| 10401 8 | 240614 0|

| 14| Kaliwungu| 1524 0| 23951 1 | 4021817 0|

| 15| Brebuan | 54 1| 22788 3 | 590618 0|

| 16| Kandal | 592 1| 29839 3 | 165325 0|

| 17| Truko | 498 3| 29745 15 | 183240 0|

| | +---------+-----------+----------+

| | Totals | 14779 1| 635179 2½|61645729 0|

+---+----------+---------+-----------+----------+

+---+----------+--------------+--------------+--------------+

| |Divisions.+--------------+--------------+ Estimated|

| | | | | |

+---+----------+--------------+--------------+--------------+

| 1| Serondol | 67026 9 | 4738 26 | 71765 5 |

| 2| Sing'en | 304547 21¼| 2127 21 | 306675 12¼|

| 3| Grogol | 38149 18 | 8 0 | 38157 18 |

| 4| Ugarang | 34082 12 | 1680 1 | 35762 13 |

| 5| Ambarawa | 87383 15 | 4236 17¾| 91620 2¾|

| 6| Salatiga | 69477 7½| 5776 24½| 75254 2 |

| 7| Boyalali | 36372 0 | 19567 2 | 55939 2 |

| 8| Wedong | 97899 16½| 491 24½| 98391 11 |

| 9| Demak | 87088 9¼| 180 0 | 87268 9¼|

| 10| Manjer | 45868 18¼| 184 0½| 46052 18¾|

| 11| Sambung | 49433 8¼| 18 0 | 49451 8¼|

| 12| Chankiran| 18670 21 | 57 1 | 18727 22 |

| 13| Limbangan| 19876 0 | 348 21 | 20224 21 |

| 14| Kaliwungu| 47902 3 | 3618 11 | 51520 14 |

| 15| Brebuan | 45576 9 | 676 26 | 46253 5 |

| 16| Kandal | 59678 9 | 341 8 | 60019 17 |

| 17| Truko | 58670 11 | 265 24 | 58936 58 |

| | +--------------+--------------+--------------+

| | Totals | 44316 28¼| 44316 28¼| 1212019 6¼|

+---+----------+--------------+--------------+--------------+

+---+----------+--------+-------+--------+--------+--------+

| | | ation. | | | | not |

+---+----------+--------+-------+--------+--------+--------+

| 1| Serondol | 21014| 10417| 10597| 2667| 2713|

| 2| Sing'en | 48847| 24871| 23976| 9351| 4317|

| 3| Grogol | 7478| 3955| 3523| 747| 1727|

| 4| Ugarang | 14942| 7472| 7470| 2582| 1406|

| 5| Ambarawa | 26791| 13418| 13373| 6798| 1121|

| 6| Salatiga | 25902| 13063| 12839| 3679| 403|

| 7| Boyalali | 21633| 10929| 10704| 4995| 407|

| 8| Wedong | 21993| 11037| 10956| 3967| 1728|

| 9| Demak | 21301| 10845| 10456| 2972| 2314|

| 10| Manjer | 8919| 4487| 4432| 2121| 864|

| 11| Sambung | 9983| 5040| 4943| 2201| 513|

| 12| Chankiran| 5532| 2904| 2628| 1349| 119|

| 13| Limbangan| 5775| 2904| 2871| 1494| 59|

| 14| Kaliwungu| 22856| 11322| 11534| 4090| 1893|

| 15| Brebuan | 12437| 6230| 6207| 2867| 163|

| 16| Kandal | 20609| 10269| 10340| 3531| 1518|

| 17| Truko | 11598| 5846| 5752| 2795| 139|

+---+----------+--------+-------+--------+--------+--------+

| | Totals | 307610| 155009| 152601| 58206| 21404|

+---+----------+--------+-------+--------+--------+--------+

+---+----------+----------+-------+--------+-----------------

| |Divisions.| | | +-------+--------+

| | | | | | | |

+---+----------+----------+-------+--------+-------+--------+

| 1| Serondol | 3909| 31| 1404| 21014| 10417|

| 2| Sing'en | 8839| 164| 4663| 48558| 24733|

| 3| Grogol | 1138| 23| 490| 7407| 3919|

| 4| Ugarang | 2578| 174| 981| 14902| 7453|

| 5| Ambarawa | 4264| 422| 1561| 26769| 13406|

| 6| Salatiga | 6308| 538| 1942| 25763| 12988|

| 7| Boyalali | 7499| 264| 2932| 21628| 10928|

| 8| Wedong | 2887| 26| 1538| 21390| 10736|

| 9| Demak | 3042| 32| 1532| 21241| 10813|

| 10| Manjer | 2422| 88| 1310| 8882| 4468|

| 11| Sambung | 2012| 56| 1038| 9846| 4967|

| 12| Chankiran| 1036| 102| 361| 5532| 2904|

| 13| Limbangan| 1162| 66| 445| 5764| 2898|

| 14| Kaliwungu| 2167| 69| 667| 22668| 11231|

| 15| Brebuan | 3242| 15| 1137| 12437| 6230|

| 16| Kandal | 3439| 53| 1343| 20511| 10224|

| 17| Truko | 2757| 28| 1075| 11598| 5846|

+---+----------+----------+-------+--------+-------+--------+

| | Totals | 58751| 2151| 24419| 305910| 154161|

+---+----------+----------+-------+--------+-------+--------+

+---+-------------------+--------------------------------------------

|No.| Name of JAVANS.

| |Divisions.+--------+-------+------------+-----------+----------+

| | | |vators.| not | | |

+---+----------+--------+-------+------------+-----------+----------+

| 1| Serondol | 10597| 2667| 2713| 3909| 31|

| 2| Sing'en | 23825| 9351| 4246| 8839| 162|

| 3| Grogol | 3488| 747| 1704| 1138| 23|

| 4| Ugarang | 7449| 2582| 1394| 2578| 168|

| 5| Ambarawa | 13363| 6798| 1116| 4264| 420|

| 6| Salatiga | 12775| 3679| 379| 6304| 531|

| 7| Boyalali | 10700| 4995| 406| 7499| 264|

| 8| Wedong | 10654| 3922| 1629| 2871| 26|

| 9| Demak | 10428| 2972| 2301| 3042| 32|

| 10| Manjer | 4414| 2120| 857| 2410| 87|

| 11| Sambung | 4879| 2182| 490| 1994| 55|

| 12| Chankiran| 2628| 1349| 119| 1086| 102|

| 13| Limbangan| 2866| 1494| 56| 1162| 64|

| 14| Kaliwungu| 11437| 4089| 1867| 2085| 60|

| 15| Brebuan | 6207| 2867| 163| 3242| 15|

| 16| Kandal | 10287| 3531| 1501| 3431| 49|

| 17| Truko | 5752| 2795| 139| 2757| 28|

+---+----------+--------+-------+------------+-----------+----------+

| | Totals | 151749| 58140| 21080| 58611| 2117|

+---+----------+--------+-------+------------+-----------+----------+

+---+---------------------+-----------------------------------

|No.| Name of | CHINESE AND OTHER FOREIGNERS.

| |Divisions.+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------+

| | | | &c. | | | |

+---+----------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------+

| 1| Serondol | 1404| --| --| --| --|

| 2| Sing'en | 4663| 289| 138| 151| --|

| 3| Grogol | 490| 71| 36| 35| --|

| 4| Ugarang | 981| 40| 19| 21| --|

| 5| Ambarawa | 1561| 22| 12| 10| --|

| 6| Salatiga | 1942| 139| 75| 64| --|

| 7| Boyalali | 2932| 5| 1| 4| --|

| 8| Wedong | 1531| 603| 301| 302| 45|

| 9| Demak | 1532| 60| 32| 28| --|

| 10| Manjer | 1304| 37| 19| 18| 1|

| 11| Sambung | 1029| 137| 73| 64| 19|

| 12| Chankiran| 361| --| --| --| --|

| 13| Limbangan| 445| 11| 6| 5| --|

| 14| Kaliwungu| 653| 188| 91| 97| 1|

| 15| Brebuan | 1137| --| --| --| --|

| 16| Kandal | 1342| 98| 45| 53| --|

| 17| Truko | 1057| --| --| --| --|

+---+----------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------+

| | Totals | 24382| 1700| 848| 852| 66|

+---+----------+----------+--------+--------+--------+-------+

+---+--------------------------------------------------------+

|No.| Name of CHINESE AND OTHER FOREIGNERS. |

| |Divisions.+------------+-----------|----------|---------|

| | | not | | | |

+---+----------+------------+-----------+----------+---------+

| 1| Serondol | --| --| --| --|

| 2| Sing'en | 71| --| 2| --|

| 3| Grogol | 23| --| --| --|

| 4| Ugarang | 12| --| 6| --|

| 5| Ambarawa | 5| --| 2| --|

| 6| Salatiga | 24| 4| 7| --|

| 7| Boyalali | 1| --| --| --|

| 8| Wedong | 99| 16| --| 7|

| 9| Demak | 13| --| --| --|

| 10| Manjer | 7| 12| 1| 6|

| 11| Sambung | 23| 18| 1| 9|

| 12| Chankiran| --| --| --| --|

| 13| Limbangan| 3| --| 2| --|

| 14| Kaliwungu| 26| 82| 9| 14|

| 15| Brebuan | --| --| --| --|

| 16| Kandal | 17| 8| 4| 1|

| 17| Truko | --| --| --| --|

+---+----------+------------+-----------+----------+---------+

| | Totals | 324| 140| 34| 37|

+---+----------+------------+-----------+----------+---------+

Estimated Population of the Town and Suburbs 20,000

-------

Total Population 327,610

-------

REMARKS: Average Value of a Jung of cultivated Land 7 Rup. 46³⁄₁₂.

GENERAL ACCOUNT OF THE CULTIVATION AND POPULATION

OF KEDU, 1815.

But, however these successes on the part of the Dutch might tend to the