character, 122 _f._, 126 _f._;
struggle with Philip Augustus, 136–39;
loss of Normandy, 139 _f._
John VIII, Pope, 237.
John of Salisbury, 238.
John the Scribe, 232.
Jomvikings, 43 _f._
Joppa, 130.
Jumièges, 9, 171, 187.
Jury, Anglo-Norman, 23, 109–13, 142, 146.
Justices, Anglo-Norman, 108;
Sicilian, 227 _f._
Kensington rune-stone, 1.
Kent, 166 _f._
Knights’ fees, 68, 78, 100, 145, 150, 229, 231.
Krak, 134.
Lanfranc, 175–78.
Laon, school of, 107, 177.
Laplace, 4, 12.
La Rochelle, 161.
La Roncière, Bourel de, quoted, 49.
Lavisse, E., quoted, 143.
Law, Norman, 11, 20, 23, 48 _f._, 69, 82, 108–13, 145 _f._, 224;
Roman, 137, 175–77, 179, 230 _f._, 236;
canon, 137, 168, 175–77, 179, 230.
LeMans, 63, 88, 116 _f._, 125, 160, 172.
Leo IX, Pope, 203.
Lessay, 187.
Libraries, Norman, 177–81;
south-Italian and Sicilian, 236–40, 242, 246;
papal, 240.
Limerick, 37.
Lindisfarne, 33.
Lire, 178.
Loire, relation to Plantagenet empire, 125, 128, 139 _f._
Lombards, 175, 188, 192, 196–99, 222 _f._, 238.
London, 81, 162 _f._
Lorraine, schools of, 107, 167.
Louis VII, king of France, 89, 118 _f._, 127.
Louis X, king of France, 142.
Luchaire, A., quoted, 70.
Lugdunensis Secunda, 9, 21, 26.
Luna, 33.
Lusignan, 138.
Luther, 18.
Lyons, 125.
Magna Græcia, 197, 238.
Mahan, A. T., 30.
Maine, 7, 10, 57, 62 _f._, 85, 87, 136.
Maitland, F. W., quoted, 48, 110, 113.
Malta, 221.
Manfred, 221, 240.
Mantes, 58.
Margam, _Annals_ of, 139.
Margat, 134.
Marmoutier, 171.
Matilda, abbess of Caen, 174.
Matilda, empress, 85, 89, 163.
Matilda, queen, 11, 61, 77, 186–88.
Maupassant, 4, 8, 12.
Mediterranean, Northmen in, 33;
Normans in, 192 _ff._
Meles, 198 _f._
Melfi, council of, 204.
Messina, 129 _f._, 208, 237;
Straits of, 207, 210, 232.
Michelet, quoted, 11, 195.
Mileto, 210.
Millet, 4, 12.
Monasteries, plundered by Northmen, 35, 164;
Norman, 81, 164 _f._, 171–75;
their lands, 157 _f._, 171 _f._;
schools, 175–77;
libraries, 177–80;
as centres of historical writing, 180–83;
relation to mediæval epic, 185;
their churches, 186–89;
south-Italian, 176, 181, 225, 235–37.
Monreale, 189, 241 _f._
Mont-Saint-Michel, 10, 171;
peasants, 158;
property, 172;
buildings, 158, 173, 187, 189;
library, 173, 178.
See Robert of Torigni.
Monte Cassino, 178, 235–37.
Monte Gargano, 198, 216.
Montelius, O., quoted, 37.
Montfort, 133.
Montpellier, 177.
Mortemer, 65.
Mosaics, in Sicily, 241 _ff._
Nantes, 33.
Naples, 197 _f._, 222, 246.
Napoleon, 76.
Néel of Saint-Sauveur, 59.
Neilos Doxopatrios, 238, 240.
Nicæa, 52, 58, 195, 212.
Niccola Pisano, 246.
Nicholas II, Pope, 204.
Nietzsche, 18, 55.
Normandy, millenary of, 1–4, 25 _f._;
compared with England, 5 _f._;
general features, 6–8;
Upper and Lower, 8–11;
inhabitants, 11–16;
periods in its history, 17–22;
general importance, 22–24;
conquered by Northmen, 26–48;
how far Scandinavian, 48–51;
under William the Conqueror, 59–61, 66–72, 152 _f._;
its archives, 66 _f._;
relations with Anjou and Maine, 61–63;
with France, 63–65;
with England, 73–83;
centre of Plantagenet empire, 85–88;
influence on England, 100–13;
conquered by Philip Augustus, 131–41;
occupied by English in fifteenth century, 142–44;
final union with France, 17, 19, 144;
influence on France, 23, 141;
dialect, 49, 145, 224;
life of lords, 149–57;
of peasants, 157 _f._;
of towns, 159–64;
church, 71 _f._, 81, 164–71;
monasteries, 171–75;
their schools, 175–77;
libraries, 177–80;
historians, 12, 47, 180–84;
vernacular literature, 184–86;
architecture, 186–89;
the ‘greater Normandy,’ 147, 182.
Normans, characteristics, 11–16, 192, 225, 247;
conquest of England, 52, 72–83, 223 _f._;
in southern Italy and Sicily, 2–4, 13 _f._, 16, 22–24, 94, 150,
177, 181, 189, 192, 198–211, 218–49;
in Spain, 16, 181, 192, 195;
as pilgrims, 193–96, 198 _f._, 241;
on the Crusades, 2, 16, 91, 127–31, 182, 184, 211–17;
in Syria, 215 _f._
See Normandy.
Northmen, 12, 16 _f._;
invasion of Normandy, 26 _ff._;
causes and course of migrations, 29–31;
in Frankish empire, 31–35;
in England, 31–34;
their culture and organization, 35–44;
influence on Normandy, 48–51;
as Crusaders, 211.
Noto, 209.
Odo, bishop of Bayeux, 4, 57, 76, 166 _f._, 185 _f._, 212.
Ordericus Vitalis, his _History_, 154, 174, 178, 180–83;
quoted, 14, 176, 180, 199.
Orleans, schools of, 177.
Ouche, 181.
Palermo, Normans at, 189, 208, 210 _f._, 226, 231 _f._, 238 _ff._;
churches, 230, 241 _f._;
palace, 242–44.
Palestine, 128, 130 _f._, 134, 212–16.
Papacy, Normandy and the, 22, 72, 74, 79, 91, 136, 165, 168;
relations with southern Normans, 192, 200, 202–05, 210, 221, 238.
Paris, 33 _f._, 76, 96, 136–38, 140;
basin, 8, 125;
Parlement of, 141 _f._;
university of, 177.
Paris, Gaston, quoted, 185.
Peasants, Norman, 157 _f._
Peers, court of, 138 _f._
Perche, 7.
Peter the Hermit, 211.
Petrarch, 246.
Pevensey, 75.
Philip Augustus, 19, 24, 95, 116, 122;
character, 126;
struggle with Plantagenets, 127–29, 131–39;
on the Third Crusade, 128–30;
policy in Normandy, 142, 163.
Philip d’Harcourt, bishop of Bayeux, 167;
his library, 178–80.
Picardy, 7 _f._
Pilgrims, Normans as, 193–96, 198 _f._, 241.
Pisa, 221, 232.
Plantagenets, origin of, 61, 85, 89. See Henry II, Richard, John.
_Plateæ_, 228.
Poitiers, 88, 160.
Poitou, 62, 75, 88, 90, 100, 128, 138 _f._
Pontorson, 160.
Poole, R. L., 114;
quoted, 107.
Powicke, F. M., 147;
quoted, 139, 141, 153.
Prentout, H., 24, 51, 147.
Provence, 90.
Quevilly, 163.
Rabelais, 169.
Racine, 11.
Ragnar Lodbrok, 42.
Ranulf, _vicomte_, 59.
_Raven, Lay of the_, 38.
Renaissance, of twelfth century, 235–40, 245 _f._
Rhys, J., quoted, 49.
Richard the Lion-Hearted, king, 85, 95, 116, 153–55;
character, 120–22, 126, 129 _f._;
Crusade, 127–31, 215;
struggle with Philip Augustus, 127–29, 131–36;
death, 136.
Richard of Aversa, 204.
Richard, abbot of Préaux, 180.
Richard, bishop of Bayeux, 177.
Richard Fitz-Neal, author of _Dialogus_, 104, 106.
Richard the Good, duke, 52, 73, 195.
_Rigsmal_, quoted, 38.
Robert Crispin, 195.
Robert Curthose, duke, 89, 96, 154, 212 _f._
Robert the Devil, 52.
Robert Guiscard, 186, 200–08.
Robert the Magnificent, 52 _f._, 65, 195.
Robert of Selby, 229.
Robert of Torigni, 167, 172 _f._, 178, 180.
Roger I, the Great Count, 200, 202, 206–11, 225.
Roger II, king of Sicily, 24, 206, 210 _f._, 219–22, 225–34, 238–49.
Roger Borsa, duke of Apulia, 206 _f._, 213.
Roger of Toeni, 195.
Roland, _Song of_, 80, 184 _f._, 193.
Rollo, duke, 26–29, 42, 45 _f._, 184.
Romanesque, Norman, 12, 186–89.
Romans, Normandy under, 16, 20 _f._, 26;
southern Italy under, 197.
Rome, pilgrimages to, 194 _f._;
Normans at, 205.
Rossano, 237.
Rouen, 1 _f._, 9 _f._, 21, 26, 46, 60, 73, 88, 95, 117, 133 _f._,
136, 139, 142, 144, 153, 172, 175, 178, 200;
described, 9, 162 _f._;
churches, 2, 9, 12, 162 _f._, 169, 171, 187;
_Établissements_, 160–62;
commerce, 160, 162;
libraries, 178.
See Eudes Rigaud.
Round, J. H., 77, 83, 114.
Russia, 30.
_Saga, Burnt Njal_, 11;
of Harold Fairhair, 28;
of St. Olaf, 46.
Saint-Céneri, 154.
Saint-Évroul, 154, 171, 173, 176, 178, 181–83, 195, 206. See
Ordericus.
Saint-Lô, 10.
Saint-Pierre-sur-Dives, Abbot Haimo, 170.
Saint-Sauveur, convent, 169.
Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte, 59.
Saint-Valéry-sur-Somme, 75.
Saint-Wandrille, 9, 51, 171.
St. Alexis, _Life_ of, 184.
St. Francis, quoted, 11.
St. Gall, Monk of, quoted, 31.
St. Ives, 175, 179.
St. James, 193.
St. Michael, 198. See Mont-Saint-Michel.
Saintonge, 63.
Saladin, 128.
Salerno, 198–200, 205, 222, 232;
university, 177, 238.
Salutati, 246.
Salzmann, L. F., quoted, 91, 109, 118.
Saracens, of Syria, 128–31, 192, 212–14;
of Sicily, 192, 196, 198 _f._, 208 _f._, 223, 225;
of Spain, 192, 195.
Savigny, Congregation of, 171, 174.
Savoy, 90.
Schools, Norman, 175–77.
Seine, 7–9;
relation to Plantagenet empire, 125, 134 _f._, 139 _f._
Seville, 33.
Sheriff, Anglo-Norman, 103–05, 107.
‘Sicilian monarchy,’ 210.
Sicily, Normans in, 2–4, 13 _f._, 16, 22–24, 75, 127, 177, 181, 189,
192, 201 _f._, 204, 206–11;
Norman kingdom of, 94, 105, 150, 210 _f._, 216, 218–49.
Simon, count, 210.
Sorel, A., 4, 25;
quoted, 7.
Spain, 75, 181, 232;
schools of, 177, 180, 235;
Normans in, 192, 195, 211.
Spatz, Wilhelm, 77.
Springer, A., quoted, 239.
Stamfordbridge, 75.
State, beginnings of modern, 93, 233 _f._
Stephen, king, 69, 89, 162, 167.
Stubbs, William, 114;
quoted, 92 _f._, 102, 121.
Syracuse, 209.
Tagliacozzo, 221.
Taillefer, 79 _f._
Tancarville, 9, 155.
Tancred, Crusader, 2, 213–16.
Tancred of Lecce, king of Sicily, 220.
Taormina, 209.
Thibaud, count of Blois, 62.
Thierry, abbot of Saint-Évroul, 195.
Thomas Brown, 229.
Tiglath-Pileser, 17 _f._
Tinchebrai, 89.
Touraine, 62, 88, 131, 136.
Tournaments, 154–57, 189.
Tours, 62, 88, 116, 125, 132, 160, 177.
Towns, Norman, 81, 159–64.
Translators, Sicilian, 238–40, 246.
Trouville, 4.
Turks, 130 _f._
Turold, bishop of Bayeux, 185.
Urban II, Pope, 210 _f._
Val-des-Dunes, 54, 59.
Valognes, 10, 59 _f._
Varaville, 54, 65.
Vavassor, 150.
Venice, 206, 232.
Venosa, 206.
Verneuil, 132, 160.
Verson, _Conte des vilains_, 158.
Vexin, 7, 125, 134.
_Vicomte_, 69, 71, 103, 145.
Victor III, Pope, 236.
Vidal de la Blache, quoted, 7.
Vikings, see Northmen.
Vire, 10.
Vitalis, founder of Savigny, 174.
Voltaire, quoted, 86.
Wace, 76, 184;
quoted, 15.
Warfare, mediæval, 68 _f._, 77–79, 133–35, 152–54.
Westminster, 56, 95, 136.
William the Conqueror, 10, 14, 19, 163, 192;
descent, 52;
character, 53–59, 83, 85, 188;
early years, 59 _f._;
relations with Anjou and Maine, 61–63;
with France, 63–65;
Normandy under, 66–72, 106, 151 _f._;
relations with the church, 71 _f._, 165, 186–88;
invasion of England, 73–75;
battle of Hastings, 76–80;
crowned king, 81;
death, 58, 117.
William Rufus, king of England, 89, 212.
William I, the Bad, king of Sicily, 219, 221, 239 _f._, 246.
William II, the Good, king of Sicily, 90, 219, 221, 230, 241.
William III, king of Sicily, 220.
William, duke of Apulia, 207, 210.
William of Arques, 65.
William of Conches, 177.
William, prince, son of Henry I, 89.
William of the Iron Arm, 200 _f._
William of Jumièges, 180.
William Longsword, duke, 46, 49.
William of Malmesbury, quoted, 14.
William Marshal, 154–57.
Winchester, 56, 163.
Witan, 74, 102.
Writs, of Henry II, 98, 111 _f._;
of Sicilian kings, 227.
Xerxes, size of his army, 78.
Transcriber’s Notes
Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made consistent when a
predominant preference was found in the original book; otherwise they
were not changed.
Simple typographical errors were corrected; unbalanced quotation
marks were remedied when the change was obvious, and otherwise left
unbalanced.
Illustrations in this eBook have been positioned between paragraphs
and outside quotations. In versions of this eBook that support
hyperlinks, the page references in the List of Illustrations lead to
the corresponding illustrations.
Footnotes, originally at the bottoms of pages, have been collected,
sequentially renumbered, and repositioned between the end of the last
chapter and the Index.
The index was not checked for proper alphabetization or correct page
references.