130. Latin _īdem_ went out of use. Latin _ĭs_ was preserved only in
the phrase _ĭd ĭpsum_ (_ad ĭd ĭpsum_ ＞ adęs), and in the combination
_ĕccum_, in which it ceased to be recognized, so that _ĕccu’_ was
regarded as a synonym of _ĕcce_.
131. (1) The demonstrative particles _ĕcce_ and _ĕccu’_ were often
prefixed to pronouns in Vulgar Latin. Being thus proclitically used,
they frequently lost their first syllable (§ 19); sometimes, however,
under the influence of _ac_ (as in _ac sīc_ ＞ aissi), they preserved
it, assuming the vowel of _ac_: _ecce ĭlla_ ＞ aicẹla, _eccu’ ĭsta_ ＞
aquẹsta; cf. § 43, (2).
(2) The suffix _-met_ was used in Vulgar Latin as an intensive prefix.
Its change of place was probably due to such phrases as _sēmet ĭpsum_,
understood as _sē metĭpsum_. The _-t_, before a vowel, regularly
gives -d- (_met-ĭpsum_ ＞ mẹdes); but we find, besides, -z- (＜ Lat.
_d_), introduced perhaps through the analogy of _ĭd_ in _ĭd ĭpsum_
(✱_medĭpsum_ ＞ mezẹis); and also -t- (＜ Lat. _tt_), which may be
the result of a combination of _met-_ and _ĭd-_ (_met-ĭd-ĭpsum_ ＞
✱_metdĭpsu_ ＞ metẹis).
132. The pronouns preserved, either in their simple form or combined
with a prefix, are the following:--
(1) Of _hīc_ only the neuter, _hŏc_, was kept _Hŏc_ ＞ ǫ; _ecce hŏc_
＞ aiçǫ aissǫ, and çǫ so; _eccu’ hŏc_ ＞ aquŏ acŏ. All of these are
invariable.
(2) _Ipse_ appears as ẹps ẹpsa, ẹus ẹussa, ẹis ẹissa (with a m.
pl. ẹisses and a neuter ẹis); the last forms are the commonest; for
the development of the _ps_, see § 79 and § 80, Ps. _Met-ĭpse_ gives
(medips) medẹs, (metẹish) metẹis, and, more commonly, mezẹis (f.
mezẹissa, neuter mezẹis); see § 131, (2). ✱_Met-ĭpsĭmus_ becomes
medẹsme-s, mesẹsme-s, meẹsme-s (§ 65, D), with feminine forms in -a.
Unaccented _ĭpsum_ is probably one source of the neuter sǫ: cf. § 132,
(1). For the article (so, sa), see § 119.
(3) _Ille_, uncombined, developed into an article (§ 118) and a
personal pronoun (§§ 123, 125), but went out of use as a demonstrative.
Combined with _ecce_ and _eccu’_ it gave: aicẹl aissẹl, cẹl, sẹl;
aquẹl. Echẹl (pronounced ekẹl?) seems to come from _eccu’ ĭlle_
with its original initial vowel preserved. _Ipse ĭlle_ perhaps gave
rise also to a sẹl, which ultimately coincided with the form coming
from _ecce ĭlle_. There is a neuter aicelo, perhaps aicẹl + ǫ. Cẹl
will illustrate the inflection of all these words; the forms are to be
explained like those of the disjunctive personal pronoun (§ 125):--