1. Some words have ę instead of ẹ:--

(_a_) The ending -_ētis_ in the present indicative becomes -ętz

through the analogy of ętz < _ĕstis_.

(_b_) Camęl (also ẹ), candęla (also ẹ), cruzęl, fizęl (also

ẹ), maissęla have ę through the analogy of the suffix -ęl <

-_ĕllus_. In _camel_ the substitution probably goes back to

Vulgar Latin.

(_c_) Many learned words, including proper names, have ę for

ẹ: decręt, Elizabęt, Moysęs, pantęra, requięs, secręt (ẹ),

sencęr.

(_d_) Espęr for espẹr < _spēro_, quęt for quẹt <

_qu_(_i_)_ētum_ are perhaps bad rhymes. Bartolomeo Zorzi, a

Venetian, rhymes -ẹs with -ęs; in Catalan these two endings

were not distinguished.

(_e_) Individual cases: adęs, ‘at once,’ probably from _ad

id ĭpsum_, seems to have been affected by pręs and apręs <

_ad prĕssum_; mostięr < _monastērium_ shows the influence of

_ministĕrium_; nęr nięr (also nẹr nẹgre) < _nĭgrum_ perhaps

shows the influence of entęr entięr and the numerous adjectives

in -ęr -ięr; nęu nięu nęy < _nĭvem_ has been attracted by bręu

gręu, lęu; senęstre (cf. late Lat. _sinexter_) is evidently

influenced by dęstre.

An Outline of the Phonology and Morphology of Old Provençal · 第 20 / 139 题