Q. Did you pick it up?
A. No; I did not. After he struck me, I knocked him down, and kicked
him twice. I struck him. Knocked him down, and kicked him twice, and
wheeled right in the crowd and remained there, and did not go away.
* * * * *
Henry Warner, _sworn_:
By Mr. Lindsey:
Q. State your residence?
A. Allegheny City.
Q. And official position?
A. Comptroller of Allegheny City.
Q. You may just go on and state the facts.
A. My testimony will bear entirely on the restoration of order and
closing scenes of the riot. I will state that on Saturday, the day the
riot broke out, I left my office here, at fifteen minutes after five
o'clock in the evening, and took the train to a place I was boarding
at, in the country, with my family. I did not hear before I left the
office, nor hear on the train, one word of any disturbance that had
taken place on the Pennsylvania railroad. I knew that there had been a
strike. I knew that the trains were prevented from running by the
strikers, but I did not know of any overt act of violence having been
committed, either by the public authorities or the strikers. There is
no telegraphic communication with the place I was boarding at, and on
Sabbath day, late in the day, rumors commenced to circulate throughout
the country of the scenes that were occurring in the city, and when the
night was pretty far advanced, the light from the burning could be seen
at that distance, over twelve miles--the glare in the sky. I made
arrangements with some persons, thinking that, probably, the train
might be detained at Little Washington, and not come in. I made
arrangements to come with some other gentlemen by private conveyance,
but the train came along that day, and I arrived at my office on Monday
at half past eight o'clock. The first message I received was from Mayor
McCarthy to come to his office without delay, and I took one of the
county commissioners and started for his office. I had no opportunity
of learning the extent of the disaster that had occurred. I met him on
the corner of Fifth and Smithfield. He appeared to me to have been
coming up in this direction. As soon as he saw me, he hallooed me, and
said that the Philadelphia military had been driven from the city, and
had taken refuge at the Allegheny county work-house, and the
authorities had refused to provide them with victuals, and requested me
to order the authorities at the work-house to provide the soldiers with
something to eat. Mr. Begard and I--Mr. Begard is the county
commissioner--started for the Western Union telegraph office, and at my
request, the telegraph company put one of their lines--gave me the use
of one of their lines to communicate as long and much as I wished. The
nearest telegraph station to the work-house was a mile and a half away
from the work-house. The operator tried his line, and found that they
were down, and reported the fact, and stated, that probably if I would
go to Allegheny City, and the West Penn station, that probably I would
get communication there. I went over to the West Penn station, and the
proprietor there tried the lines also, and his lines were down--could
not get any communication. He then advised me to go to the transfer
station of the West Penn railroad, about three quarters of a mile out,
and probably I could get communication there. When I went out there, we
got telegraphic communication, and discovered that the soldiers were
all loaded on cars, and were then on their way to Blairsville. On my
return to the Allegheny depot, I met one of the soldiers of the
Philadelphia command, who had straggled away from his regiment, and who
was in citizen's dress. Some citizens called my attention to the man,
and said that he was eager for protection, that he was in fear of
personal danger, and they requested that I would take charge of him and
do something for him. I told him the circumstances, where his command
had been shipped to, and went to one of the officials of the West Penn
railroad, and got him transportation on the first line that left the
depot. I took a card out of my pocket, and directed it to the
commanding officer, requesting him to come back with his command to the
work-house, and that he would be provisioned there and be taken care
of. I don't know whether that note ever reached the commanding officer
or not. It certainly had no effect. That and the meeting of the
committee of safety, in Pittsburgh, on Monday afternoon, in which they
requested the prompt coöperation of the county authorities, and
especially the use of the means under our control, and restore order,
was my first day's work. On Tuesday, at the request of the committee of
public safety, I went to Colonel Howe, superintendent Western Union
Telegraph Company, and requested him to send a man to Claremont to put
the work-house in telegraphic communication with the city, as there
were very serious rumors prevailing that the coopers, who were much
opposed, in this vicinity, to prison labor, were about to assault the
work-house, and probably destroy it. Colonel Rowe did so. He sent his
men there, and in less than two hours I had a dispatch from the
superintendent of the work-house. The dispatch was to the effect that I
should send him out arms and ammunition. Senator McNeil was then in the
city, and he and I got a buggy, and went out to the arsenal, stated our
case to the commandant of the Allegheny arsenal, and he told us he had
authority to issue five hundred stand of arms from the Secretary of
War--authority from the Secretary of War to issue five hundred stand of
arms to the mayor of Allegheny City. As the mayor of Allegheny had only
drawn four hundred, he had one hundred left, and suggested that we
should get an order for the balance. We took a flour wagon over to the
arsenal. The mayor of Allegheny told McNeil, and some citizens also
told us, that we could not possibly get away from the arsenal with arms
and ammunition, as we should be watched, and that all avenues leading
to and from the city were carefully guarded by the rioters. We got one
hundred stand of arms from the arsenal, five thousand rounds of
ammunition, and loaded it in our flour wagon, and, with a single
driver, and McNeil and myself in the buggy, took them to the Allegheny
work-house, a distance of eight miles, by country roads. We were not
misled nor questioned by any person. At the time we left the arsenal,
the commandant showed us out a private entrance. I might state here
that the superintendent of the work-house proposed to defend that
institution with the employés of the institution, and with some trusty
criminals that he had in charge. He thought that if he had the arms and
ammunition he would be perfectly safe. We remained all night at the
work-house, and on Wednesday morning instructed the sheriff of the
county--the county commissioner and myself, instructed the sheriff of
the county, in view of the fact that the railroad officials had
appeared to have abandoned their property entirely, to immediately
throw a guard of men of not less than one hundred around all the burned
district to protect what remaining property was on the ground, scrap
iron, &c., and it was rumored that a car load of bullion had been
melted and run into the debris, and the sheriff immediately did so. We
also called into our aid--although we were advised that it was out of
our jurisdiction--that is, there appeared to be no person to undertake
these things--we called into our aid the county detective, and
instructed him to employ as many detectives, and as many wagons as he
could possibly use, and to hunt for and restore the stolen property
that had been taken away, and to bring it to a warehouse that we rented
on Liberty street--a large warehouse for the purpose, and also put
notices--had notices inserted in all the papers, morning and evening,
directing any persons who had any property in their possession that had
been taken during the riot to deliver it to those detectives, or at
that warehouse. A very large amount of property was recovered--property
of all descriptions, and under an arrangement with the officials of the
Pennsylvania Railroad Company, as this property was nearly all theirs
and taken from their cars, they were delivered over to the officials of
the railroad company, and their receipts were taken for the same. That
covers a period of probably two weeks, and various instances happened
in regard to that property that would scarcely be necessary for me to
repeat. Some of them were very curious. A great deal of the property
was voluntarily brought back, and the excuse was given that, as it
seemed to be a general thing, and as every person was taking property,
thought that that property, a barrel of flour, or a ham, or box of
cigars, or whatever it may be, might as well be taken by them as be
lost. I had a conversation with the president of the Pennsylvania
Railroad Company a few days after that--Colonel Thomas A. Scott--and
an arrangement was entered into in regard to those losses--in regard
to an account being taken of them, and to have them as definitely
settled as possible. The county commissioners and myself appointed a
commission, composed of the fire marshal of Allegheny county, and
Robert Thorn, an experienced insurance adjuster, and Mr. Trimble,
an experienced carpenter, to go upon the ground and thoroughly
investigate any claims for loss or damage, which they did, and I have
in my office now over one hundred and sixty-nine adjusted claims;
that is, claims that were settled--the amount settled by this
commission. Colonel Scott was to investigate the losses of freights,
which would take a very considerable time, and obtain such proofs as
were in the possession of the railroad company in regard to the
losses; and the estimated value of the goods that were returned to
the Pennsylvania Railroad Company could not have been much short of
sixty thousand dollars, at first cost--the cost to the owners. They
were disposed of by auction, many of them being broken packages, and
much of the goods being such as would spoil by being kept on hand. We
also appointed a commission, composed of three experienced locomotive
and car builders, to go upon the ground and carefully estimate the
damage that was done to locomotives and cars. I have also that report
on file in my office; and after a period of about four weeks we
suspended, as the civil officers--as the financial officers really
had no jurisdiction in thosematters--suspended all operations in that
line, and handed it over to the civil authorities of the county. I
may say here, in addition to that, that we considered, as financial
officers of the county, that no expense should be spared nor efforts
spared to make restitution, and return all the property it was
possible to get hold of. A great deal of property was returned to
private individuals, besides that that was returned to the railroad
company.
By Mr. Lindsey:
Q. What was the amount of losses adjusted by the two commissions?
A. The amount that was adjusted of strictly private property, that has
been finished by the fire marshall's commission, as we call it, has
been fixed at about $160,000, in round figures. The locomotive
engineers' report----
By Senator Reyburn:
Q. Let me understand. What do you mean by strictly private property,
does that include furniture?
A. No; that includes houses that were burned, and furniture destroyed.
Q. Any railroad property?
A. No railroad property. I will also state that there was some claims
of that nature, that the parties who had the claims refused to present
them to the commission, and have them adjusted by the commission. A
notable instance of that kind is the Pittsburgh elevator. Their claim
for loss is above, I believe, $200,000, alone. Some person will come
along with a claim for a suit of clothes, or something of that kind,
that was lost in a hotel, or in some house. The commissions reported in
regard to locomotive property--railroad property. I considered it
private, and have not given the figures to the public.
Q. Have you any estimate of the loss of freight?
A. We have no authentic estimate. I wrote to Colonel Scott in regard to
that before I published my annual report, and got no reply, but I
understood that the matter was in the hands of a gentleman in Altoona,
who had not got through with it. I want to impress the committee with
the fact that every effort was made to make restitution.
* * * * *
James Little, _sworn_:
By Mr. Lindsey:
Q. Where do you reside?
A. Twenty-first ward, city of Pittsburgh.
Q. What is your business?
A. Wholesale liquor.
Q. I believe you are called to give us some information as to what was
done to suppress the riot on Sunday night?
A. The trouble is to know where to begin and not detain you with
unnecessary ideas. I came in on Sabbath morning, when I heard of it. As
I came down street, William Smith, the pipeman, proposed we would hold
a meeting, and I went down street, and as I went down every prominent
man I met I announced it to them, and went on down at the meeting--down
at the old market-house.
Q. Citizens' meeting?
A. Citizens' meeting, Sunday. When the meeting was called to order,
James Parke was called to the chair, and he assumed to run the whole
meeting. He didn't want any one else to speak but himself, and he had
been managing the strikers for twenty-five years, and cut me out
entirely, and I felt, perhaps, a little personal disgust with how it
was managed. I went up to the depot. Citizens came to me and pleaded
with me to take part. I went among the railroad men I knew, and asked,
Where are the leaders--where is the man that has this thing in charge,
where can we go to get parties to prevail on them to stop? They would
say, That man over there, pointing to some man; and the first answer he
would give would be a rebuff, very harsh generally. I would tell them,
That is no use--I don't want to be treated in that way. This thing is
disgracing and injuring you and all of us. I treated them as railroad
men. Railroad men would send me to those parties. They were invariably
strangers. Those that took command were men that were not known
here--that is, gave the hints to stand along and managed the guards
that were keeping the citizens back that were interfering with them
firing the cars.
Q. Railroad men seemed to know who they were?
A. Railroad men knew who they were. At first they denied me any
conversation, then I would get and talk with them, and after awhile
they would say. So far as I am concerned we will consent to have the
thing stopped. Then here was a crowd that I did see some among--I knew
the faces of a large number--that would not permit the fire to stop.
Told them to burn, apparently, through spite they had of the employers.
About the time the fire got round to Seventh street, they had exhausted
the line of railroad there--it goes into the tunnel--and we heard the
remark, "Now for the point depot." They were quite drunk. There was a
car of whisky behind the elevator--they had broken open the car--high
wines--and it was perhaps the saving of any further destruction--had
made them dead drunk. We gathered up five or six and started with them,
explaining to them what districts would be burned, if they didn't
furnish assistance. One or two men set fire to cars and in a short time
we prevailed on the citizens. I made a speech on a barrel, and we found
we had backing enough to call in the police officers and have one of
the men arrested, and to stop the riot there. They made declarations
that have come before the courts here--that the attorney who has been
attending to these courts will recollect--how they were going to
proceed to burn the railroad property on the south side.
By Senator Reyburn:
Q. Did these men tell you how they were going to proceed?
A. They said they would not stop until they would burn the cars that
were standing on the south side, and the different depots--they were
going to burn these depots, and so forth. Some of them made remarks,
and some of them did not, on that question. I was treated with perfect
respect--announced myself, and we discussed it there. I was one of
those unfortunate men that thought I could stop that riot with fifty
men.
Q. You mean by remonstrances?
A. By talking, not by force.
Q. Pick handle persuasion?
A. No; white handkerchief. Go right at it, and when a man won't submit
to be arrested, try to put him out of the way; if we had to hurt him,
hurt him. I served a short time in the military, and we done things
very quick in that way there. We would try to handle men gently, and if
he would not submit, he was handled roughly.
By Mr. Englebert:
Q. What you would call knock down arguments?
A. There was no chance for white handkerchief nor pick handle arguments
there. The crowd was too close.
By Senator Yutzy:
Q. Could you have quelled the disturbance without the use of fire arms?
A. No, sir; not at all. Perhaps, without the use of them. I would think
that, if they had seen men determined to do their work, there would be
no necessity for any trouble.
Q. The idea was to be prepared, in case there was a necessity for using
fire arms.
A. I, unfortunately, employed in the army, on police duty, through the
country, and would arrest many a man who shot a dozen, and you come at
them quietly and determined, and they would surrender.
Q. You thought it was necessary to use a show of force and resolution?
A. Yes; and I consider State officers and all were interested by "don't
hurt anybody," that that idea got through the crowd, and they were
confident that there was nobody going to be hurt.
Q. Do you know of anybody waiting upon the city authorities?
A. I was not connected with that part. I had connection with the
mayor's proceeding, to some extent, as a councilor.
By Mr. Larrabee:
Q. What efforts did he make?
A. He sent for some of the leading councilmen, and called a meeting of
the council, and we met in general session, and resolved that we would
sustain the mayor in paying any expense that he would incur.
Q. When was that?
A. I think on Monday.
Q. After the riot?
A. They supposed the riot was still unquelled.
Q. What I mean is, before the breaking out of the riot--before Saturday
night--during Thursday and Friday--was there any steps taken before any
consultations with the councilmen?
A. There was, to some extent, but in the shape of a meeting of council.
Q. Was there any talk about calling a meeting, and it would be
necessary to take means to suppress any disturbance that might grow out
of it?
A. There was, up to the time the county and the military took hold.
Then it looked as if the force was immense to a great many--the
military force being called out--they had called on them, and the
exertions, perhaps, relaxed on the part of the city authorities.
Q. What seemed to animate these men among this crowd?
A. These men that stood back and threatened to shoot any man that would
interfere--was a man that appeared to be animated by a spirit of
opposition to the railroad--to burn out the railroad--and those that
were doing the burning were parties that apparently acted under this
direction and were generally strangers that none of us could recognize.
On the other hand, it was citizens of Harrisburg that was generally
doing the wrecking and carrying away goods. That is as near as I can
judge from my connection with them, and I mingled right among them.
Q. Were you among them there Thursday or Friday--have you any
knowledge?
A. The first that surprised me in the transactions--I went up to the
Union depot on--I think it was Saturday, and the military there--some
of the companies--were marched out to go to East Liberty, and instead
of ridding the crowd away, they bundled through the crowd, so that they
could hardly hold ranks--got out as best they could. I was surprised at
it. I thought there was no disposition shown by the military to
disperse these crowds.
Q. Have you any knowledge of the causes leading to the riot, at all?
A. Oh, yes.
Q. From personal knowledge?
A. Yes; I suppose I have as good a knowledge of that as most people,
because you mingled with railroad men and heard them talk. They were
clamoring on account of the reduction of wages and the double-headers.
These two were the arguments they plead their cases on. As a general
thing they had a good deal of sympathy, I think.
Q. What do you mean by sympathy?
A. They represented their case so that a great many people thought that
they were imposed on.
Q. What cause did they assign--a reduction in wages?
A. The reduction in wages was such that, for instance, one brakesman I
know to be of good character, he had his last check or warrant, showing
that eighteen dollars and some cents was all he could make during the
month. His argument was in this shape: Brakesmen would not go out for a
day or so, and they could not make a living at the wages they paid;
that too many of them were employed. He did not use that argument, but
his argument went to show that there was too many of them employed, and
that they could not get steady work, and it was still being cut down
lower. That was the argument of one man, as a sample.
Q. He seemed to express the ideas of all of them--he was a man of
intelligence?
A. He was a very nice man, a man I have known for some time. I think he
has a wife and some children. He pulled out his warrant and showed me,
as a part of his argument.
Q. He only received eighteen dollars a month?
A. Only got in time enough to make that. While the railroad men stood
in the position of defending themselves, they had a great many friends,
until it got into the shape of a riot, and then people began to
complain. They were uneasy, and saw that things were changed.
Q. Have you any other information on that subject--the cause, which is,
as you have expressed, this man's opinion?
A. No other argument that was used in regard to the double-headers.
They were on these heavy trains, with only the same number of brakemen
as on a single train, and it was so hard to work, and at the same time
it was throwing a part of them out of work, and making their time so
much less to the men--the same as that man described--he only made
eighteen dollars. Numbers of them talked. There was a neighborhood
handy to me, where railroad men live, and I often dropped in with them,
and talked with them to see what their views are during the week, and
that was a leading argument among the common men. I can explain that
almost as fully as a road man. I am so familiar with that--any question
you wish to ask about it. Double-header is where there is a locomotive
put to thirty-six cars, and where they will take about half of that
with a single one, and then they would put on a crew to break the cars
and attend to them--one conductor and one or two brakemen--the same
number that was put on a single train, and they would have to do the
work of a number of hands, and they objected to that work--was too
heavy, with the mountains and the heavy grades, and with the heavy
trains, made their breaking so heavy that it was very hard and
dangerous. They complained, of the way they were abused by handling
these heavy trains.
By Senator Yutzy:
Q. Did the men appear to think that they should be allowed to make ...
and higher up, and none of them discharged?
A. They argued, that the pay should not be reduced and the labor
increased. They talked against these double-headers, the reduction
being made on their wages, and their labor increased by doubling up the
train, making their labor heavier and those who were doing the work.
This is the shape they objected.
Q. Did you learn whether it was their idea that they should be getting
full time, or were they willing that part should be discharged, and
then let them make full time?
A. I never heard them express their views on that point, but they
complained they were not getting full time. Were standing, waiting for
days, looking for a job, and that if they were not there for a moment,
they would lose their chance.
* * * * *
J. L. Kennedy, _sworn_:
By Mr. Lindsey:
Q. Where is your residence, Mr. Kennedy?
A. Claremont.
Q. What is your official business?
A. Warden of the county work-house, at present.
Q. Were you in July last?
A. I was assistant warden at that time.
Q. State whether the militia under the command of General Brinton came
to the work-house, and what you saw and heard?
A. On the Sunday afternoon General Brinton came to the building, about
two o'clock, I guess, him and another gentleman from Philadelphia came
there in a buggy, and wanted to know if he could put his troops inside.
I told him the superintendent was not at home, and I did not feel like
them going inside, as they would not be more secure than outside. I
advised him to take his men up on the hill in camp. They said they had
been driven from the city, and the mob was following them. I told him I
did not think there would be much danger in taking the men up on the
hill. They would be just as secure. He inquired the way back to
Sharpsburg. He had not his troops with him. He was in advance of them.
I told him the way to Sharpsburg, and he wanted to know if he could get
back without going back on the public road. I told him he could not,
unless he would leave his horse there, and walk through the field. He
appeared to be very much frightened, and very much demoralized. He
started back to meet his troops, and took them upon the hill, and kept
them in camp there. The next morning he left, I believe, and put them
aboard cars, and took them to Blairsville. In the evening some men came
down, and asked if we could give them some provisions. We gave them as
much bread as they wanted, and all the meat about the institution. At
that time the superintendent came back, and him and I went up, and we
saw more bread than the troops had any use for. I believe the
poor-house gave them all the coffee they wanted.
Q. Did you converse with the troops any?
A. No, sir.
Q. Did you see them when they marched up?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. Did they march in regular order?
A. Some of them, and some did not--kept straggling up there all the
evening, after the main body came through, they kept straggling up all
the evening. In fact, the next two days they came there one or two at a
time. Some of them had their uniforms on, and several came around with
citizen's clothes on. The next day after they left, there were two came
there, one of them had been wounded. We took him inside, and had our
hospital steward dress his wound, and kept him there until we got
transportation for them, and they were sent to Blairsville.
Q. Did any of the mob follow them up Sunday?
A. No, sir; no person came after them at all.
Q. Was there any attack made upon this institution, or threatened?
A. It was threatened very strongly, but they never made any attack.
Q. What preparations did you make to meet them?
A. There had been a lot of arms sent out to us through the county
commissioners, and we were prepared to meet any emergency.
* * * * *
W. G. Johnson, _sworn_:
Witness: I do not know that I can give you anything in addition to what
you have already had.
By Mr. Lindsey:
Q. There was information that it was suggested that you might give
about something that was done on the south side in the way of
protection of the depot or the trains there--of patrolling the
approaches to the city on that side.
A. The committee of safety on Monday immediately took steps. They
organized military force of the citizens. General Negley had already
made a start in that direction, and our committee coöperated with him.
In fact, he was a member of that committee. He was in continual
correspondence with the committee. Quite a number of military
organizations were formed under General Negley's command; among others
was that of Major Paul. That was a mounted patrol. The safety committee
purchased horses and hired horses for some two or three weeks; had them
patrol all the highways and streets at all hours of the day and night,
and wherever there was any disturbance they were, of course, sent in
that direction to see what was necessary to put it down. I suppose what
you refer to is over at the Cork Run tunnel. There were no disturbance
there, but there were some threatenings of burning of cars in the
tunnel. Major Paul visited that point and scoured the whole country.
Q. Is that on the Allegheny road?
A. No, sir; that is on the Pan Handle. He scoured the country around
and found--the only thing he found in that direction in the way of an
assemblage was a lot of miners out by Mansfield holding a meeting
there. They saw nothing that looked riotous among those miners. They
were holding a meeting in regard to the strike at the time. Whether any
damage would have arisen to the cars there in Cork Run tunnel, we would
see if there were any parties having an eye to it, and Major Paul's
command would have kept the post pretty clear.
Q. You do not think of anything new, Mr. Johnson, in relation to the
organizations. We had a pretty full explanation of the organization by
the citizens.
A. You have had a pretty full explanation through Mr. Park and Mr.
McKune and others. They have testified to the main facts in relation to
what the committee did. At the very outset the pledging of these
individuals to unlimited amounts to restore peace and order. They have
already told you of what the nature of the disquiet was on Monday
morning. The streets were crowded to excess, apparently by strangers
never seen here before, and it looked very threatening, indeed--very
alarming. Every precaution was taken by this committee at the time.
They were in session continuously from Monday morning until Saturday
night, from nine o'clock in the morning until nine o'clock at night,
and sometimes until midnight. We were in correspondence with the
Secretary of War, as to ammunition, and got all we wanted--arms and
ammunition; in correspondence with Governor Hartranft on his route from
the west here. We met him on his arrival. Urged him to remain here,
thinking his presence would be of great benefit, but he only consented
to remain until three o'clock on the following morning. He remained
from eight or nine o'clock until three o'clock the following morning,
saying he could do us more good by going to Philadelphia to consult
with General Hancock, and he would have sufficient force of military
here to restore perfect quiet.
By Senator Yutzy:
Q. I understood you to say that you organized this citizens'
committee--this committee organized of companies--and armed them?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. How did you arm them?
A. We procured arms from the arsenal.
Q. Muskets?
A. Muskets--rifles--Springfield rifles.
Q. What class of men were those you organized into companies?
A. Some of them--some members of them--were men who had been out in the
last war.
Q. Were any of them in those companies among the rioters or part of the
rioters?
A. Yes; I will explain a little matter of that character. General
Negley had his head-quarters in Lafayette hall, and I think it was on
Tuesday noon I had left the Chamber of Commerce rooms to go to my
dinner, and I noticed a squad of probably sixty men, about as rough
looking chaps as I had ever laid eyes on, going through some military
motions on Wood street. I saw General Negley on the opposite corner,
and I asked him the question whether he was feeding a lot of tramps. We
were paying the expense of feeding them. Says he, "You are about right.
We are mustering those fellows out." He had taken under his command all
that would offer, and he had to sift them out afterwards. He said these
he had sifted out, and he was going to muster them out--going to pay
them a dollar a piece and tell them "go." The night previous he
discovered that some of these men had been among the rioters. They were
regular tramps, undoubtedly, and he had these men arrested and sent to
the lockup, and found that they had been among the rioters, and these
others were undoubtedly tramps of the same character. The city was
infested with them at that time.
Q. These men had been armed by your committee, without knowing what
class of men they were?
A. General Negley had placed arms in the hands of the men under his
control.
Q. Some of them had turned out to be some of the rioters?
A. Yes, sir.