QUECHUA. NAHUATL. MAYA.
hatun=great. huey=great. pax=name of
pacha=time, pachtli=name of festival in
name of annual annual harvest which prayers
harvest festival. were offered to
festival. obtain abundant
harvest.
yacu and atl=water. haa=water.
unu=water. aak=moist.
aakal=lagoon.
yachhaa=canal,
stream of
water.
pihi-huy=first pil-conetl=infant
born. son.
pilli=nobleman,
or son.
pilhua=he who
has sons.
pilli=the
fingers.
all=good. qualli=good.
ycacha= mala-cachoa,
frequentative. verb, to spin or
ahua=to spin or twist or turn
weave. something around
ahua-ycacha=to continuously.
spin malacatl=spindle.
continuously. icpac=to be on
ticpac=to lie the top of
mouth upwards. something high.
ticnu=the ticatla=midnight.
zenith.
cosca=things cozcatl=beads,
that are alike, strung precious
necklace. stones,
metaphorically
used to designate
one’s children.
maqui or maitl=hand. kab=hand.
maki=hand. macpalli=palm of tankab=palm of
makip-pampa=palm hand. pan=affix, hand.
of hand. meaning upon,
pampa=name for above.
plain.
humihua=small comitl=earthen cum=earthen
vessel. vessel. vessel.
hooch=vessel in
general.
hunu and huni=a hun=one.
number, a hunkinchil=one.
division of men, count=10×100,000.
ten thousand
(Markham).
hunu=all.
palla=woman of tlapalli-eztli=nobility
noble birth. of blood or
lineage
(metaphor).
pallca=the tlapalli=color or dye. pal, pa’al,
fingers, or tlapaloloni=worthy of palal,
branches of a being reverenced and palil=child, boy,
tree saluted. servant.
(Chinchaysuyo tlapaliui=able-bodied,
dialect.) marriageable young man.
atlapalli=wing of a
bird, leaf of tree.
cuitlapilli,
atlapalli=metaphor
signifying the people
and servants of the
state, literally the
tail and wing of a
bird.
It is quite obvious how this metaphor came to be employed. The words for
tail and wing respectively terminate with pilli the word designating
nobleman, the upper class, and palli, signifying the lower class, women,
boys, servants. The head of the bird signified the chief and the two eyes
and two halves of the beak conveyed the idea of duality, or two in one.
There are indications that the right foot, with its four claws, symbolized
the four chief rulers of the Above and the left foot the four rulers of
the Below.
The control of the feet and entire body was, of course, assigned to the
head. It is only when the full metaphorical significance of the eagle, as
an emblem of the state, is understood, that the meaning of the eagle in
the arms of Mexico and the native bird symbolism begin to become apparent.
I have shown that in Peru and Yucatan the word for head was synonymous for
chief. It remains to be ascertained how far the same symbolism prevailed
throughout the American Continent and whether in other cases the words for
bird, wings, tail and claws are homonymous or synonymous for the state and
its divisions. Amongst the Zuñis the State and entire scheme of
organization is associated with the imaginary form of a quadruped and in
Mexico there are indications that at one time the human form was regarded
as an emblem of the State and its subdivisions. This subject is referred
to more fully in the text.
QUECHUA. NAHUATL. MAYA.
Uira-cocha=name In the native
of mythical harangues the
personage and Supreme Being
title of is referred to
Creator. as being like
an unfathomable
abyss.
ixachicatlan=abyss.
ixachi=great,
much.
cochca=coch-allpa=fallow cochi=to sleep. cuchil=place or
land, “tierra tlacochcalli= town.
de descanso”: literally house of ah-cuch-cab=the
literally, land rest, burial chief or ruler
that is towers. of a town or
resting. place.
collana= excellent,
principal, sovereign,
first and best of each
species.
collanan ayllu=royal coyauac=something
line, name used by the broad, like a
Incas. coya=princess of spring of water or
royal blood, virgin, a window(161)
queen.
hapichi=title, meaning tlapixqui=title of piz=measure,
the collector of some priests, quantity.
produce, he who collects literally, he who pizil=to
or gathers in. gathers in the measure.
harvest. _Cf._
pixquitl=harvest,
etc.
tiani=to sit down. tiacauan=brave men, tialtic=
tiyana=seat of honor strong warriors. appurtenance,
such as were employed as tiyacapan=first-born. right of
mark of chieftainship. tiyacapanyotl=the possession.
huahua-tiana=matrix. right of
tiya-chicu=to be selling primogeniture and
something in the public property.
square. tiyachi=to offer tianquiztli=market,
or place something in also place or
the public square to be square where market
sold or exchanged. was held.
micuy=food. tiamiquiztli=act of
buying or selling.
tiamictli=merchandise.(162)
in-ti or in-tin=the sun. tona-ti-uh=the sun, kin=the sun.
literally, that which
shines.
mitimaes=name for ce-mitime=sons of one
colonists. mother.
tayta=father. tatli=father.
mama=mother. ta-tzin=father, reverential
huarmi=woman. form. nantli=mother.
Mama-ciuaco=name of a nantzin=reverential form.
female ruler of royal cihuatl=woman. mama=verb,
blood, mother of Inca to rule.
Rocca.
uma=literally, the head, ome, literally two, title hool, ppool or
title of priest. Ingua of head priest, for pul, head,
or Inca=title of instance: ome acatl, ome chieftain,
Peruvian ruler. tochtli. quaitl=head. beginning.
in-quaitl=the head.
qua=abbreviation for quaitl
(see Sahagun, book IX,
chap. XXIX, par. 6).
Tonapa=name of culture tonal pouhque=diviner or
hero who established soothsayer, from verb
Inca civilization at tonalpoa=to divine by signs
Tiahuanaco, erected or count festivals by
large cross, etc., made ancient calendar (Molina
his way to the ocean and dictionary). _Cf._
departed. tonal-mitl=ray of sun;
literally, sun’s arrow,
from tona-tiuh=sun. _Cf._
tona-catzon=the ancient
men, or the ruins.
ticsi=foundation. icxitl=foot.
ticsik=founder. icxinecuiltic=a lame
tecci-muyu-pacha=the person. _Cf._ name of Ursa
entire world or Major. qua= tecciztle=
universe. literally: “heads decorated
with shell.”=disciples of
Quetzalcoatl “who called
themselves sons of the sun
and toltecas.” _Cf._
Ticitl=medicine man or
woman, astrologer or
divines, who employed the
pearl-oyster shell
tici-caxitl, for divinatory
purposes. yoal-ticitl=title
of earth-mother, or
ancestress of human race,
whose symbol was a
sea-snail=tecciztli.
Pacha-Yachachic=title of pachoa=verb, to rule or am=spider.
Supreme Being or Creator govern others. yacana=to aman=North.
translated as guide others, to govern a ah-men=he who
pacha=world, time. town, to lead the blind. builds.
paccha=spider. paccamachtia=to teach ah-pakcah=he
yachachic=the teacher cheerfully and with who founds a
from yacha=to learn with patience. amanteca=skilled town and
affix chi, means to artisans. peoples it.
teach, like ru-rachi=to
cause others to make
something).
Pachacamac=title of
Creator.
pa-chac-an or yaca-tecuhtli, title of the bacab=title of
pa-cha-ca=title of god of the travellers or the rulers of
officer of the Inca. merchants, literally the four
ccapac=title of supreme meaning the lord who provinces or
ruler; ccapac apu, male guides, governs or leads. quarters.
ruler; ccapac The names of his five chac=title of
ccoya=female ruler. brothers were four assistants
Chiconquiauitl, Xomocuitl, of high priest.
Nacxitl, Cochimetl,
Yacapitzauac. The sister
who completed the group of
seven, was named
Chalmeca-ciuatl (Sahagun,
op. cit. Book I, chap.
XIX). This god and his six
brethren, to whom the
merchants offered
sacrifices when they had
safely returned from their
perilous and long
expeditions, doubtlessly
were Polaris and the Ursa
Minor or Major.