Holidays, 63-66
Holland, 37
Holme, Charles, 22
Honda, Y., 334
“Honda the Samurai,” 75
Hondo, 5, 6
Hongkong, 33, 35, 37, 355
Honolulu, 3, 33
Horse-cars, 31, 34, 281
Horses, 13, 24
Hours, 72-73
House, E. H., 117
House of Commons, 119, 126, 130
House of Peers, 126, 128, 130, 376, 377
Houses of Japanese, 51-53, 284
Hozumi, Dr. N., 174, 249
Hugo’s “Les Misérables,” 204
Huish, Marcus, 22, 222, 229, 236
Hulbert, H. B., 341
“Human Bullets,” 328
“Hundred Poems,” 199
Hyōgō, _see_ Kōbe
I
Ice industry, 24
“Ichijiku,” 266
“Ideals of the East, The,” 224
Iga ware, 229
Ii, Prime Minister, assassinated, 107, 108
Ikao, 8
Illinois, 37
Imari ware, 229
Imbrie, Dr., 208, 323
Imitation, Japanese ability for, 41, 85
Immigration, 335, 338
Imperial Court, 278, 296
Imperial Diet, 36, 92, 114, 122, 126-128, 130, 165, 207,
212, 247, 313
Imperial family, 48, 93
Imperial Guard, 149
“Imperial Japanese Navy, The,” 158
Imperial Library, _see_ Library
Imperial Rescripts, 212, 398-399
Imperial University, _see_ University
Imperialism, 91, 96-97, 101, 118-132
Imperialistic period, 90
Imports, 36, 37, 170, 368
“In the Mikado’s Service,” 75
Inagaki, Mr., 410
Inari Sama, 248
Incomes, _see_ Wages and incomes
Indemnity, War, 319
India, 14, 21, 34, 37, 45, 48, 301
Indigo, 17
Industrial and commercial Japan, 17-28, 39-42, 183, 341
Industrial Bank, 38
“Industries of Japan, The,” 28, 231, 235
Inland Sea, 10, 267, 287
Inouye, Jukichi, 74
“Intercourse between the United States and Japan,” 117
International, law, violated by Russia, 317;
Oil Company, 36;
Postal Union, 35
Invention, Japanese ability for, 41, 85
Investment, foreign, 40-42
Iris, 65, 409, 410
Iron, 23, 37, 42, 295;
foundries, 286;
workers’ union, 27
Ise, shrine at, 167, 243
Ishigami, Dr., 220
Ishikari river, 9
Ishikawajima, 355
“Island of Formosa, The,” 21, 143
Itagaki, Count, 119, 131, 402
Italian, 285
Itō, Prince, 40, 120, 131, 132, 332, 336, 381, 402
“Ito, With Marquis, in Korea,” 341
Iwakura Embassy, 110, 112
Iyemochi, Shōgun, 108, 109
Iyenaga, 111, 132, 145
Iyenari, Shōgun, 280
Iyeyasu, Shōgun, 91, 99, 100
Iyeyoshi, Shōgun, 105
Izanagi, 90, 95
Izanami, 90, 95
Izumo, 94; ware, 229
J
Janes, 158
“Japan,” 15, 59, 101, 208, 249
“Japan, An Interpretation,” 89
“Japan: Its History, Arts, and Literature,” 231, 233, 235
“Japan and America,” 39, 42, 356
“Japan and her people,” 15, 43, 59, 190
“Japan and its Art,” 236
“Japan and its Regeneration,” 89, 249, 276
“Japan and its Trade,” 28
“Japan and the Japanese,” 300
“Japan as it Was and Is,” 101
“Japan Daily Advertiser,” 201
“Japan Evangelist,” 276
“Japan in History, Folk-lore, and Art,” 59, 101, 208, 210
“Japan in Transition,” 28, 145, 158, 291
“Japan Mail,” 46, 131, 184, 201, 243, 296, 350, 370, 376, 383,
404, 410, 411
Japan Mail Steamship Company, 34, 92, 113, 114, 139
Japan Society, London, Transactions, 22, 50, 92
“Japan Times,” 24, 130, 131, 188, 201, 204, 362,
381, 384, 399, 404
“Japan To-day,” 15, 43, 158, 261
“Japan Tract Society,” 266
“Japan Year Book,” 28, 43
“Japanese Boy, A,” 75, 221
“Japanese Calendars,” 71, 83
“Japanese Education,” 221
“Japanese Epigrams,” 208
“Japanese Fairy Book,” 70
“Japanese Fairy Tales,” 70
“Japanese Floral Calendar,” 65
“Japanese Girls and Women,” 59, 75, 189, 190, 221
“Japanese Homes,” 51, 54
“Japanese Illustration,” 235
“Japanese, Interior, A,” 59, 190, 221
“Japanese Legal Seal, The,” 174
“Japanese Life in Town and Country,” 59, 75, 89, 261
“Japanese Nation,” 341
“Japanese Odes,” 236
“Japanese Physical Training,” 66
“Japanese Plays,” 68
“Japanese Plays and Playfellows,” 68
“Japanese Rule in Formosa,” 145
“Japanese Wood-cutting and Wood-cut Printing,” 235
“Japanese Wood Engravings,” 235
Java, 45;
Javanese, 45
Jevon’s “Money,” 206
Ji sect, 254
Jimmu Tennō, Emperor, 63, 90, 93, 95, 121
“Jingles from Japan,” 83
Jingorō, Hidari, 228
Jingu, Empress, 90, 95, 96
Jinrikisha, 31, 32, 281
“Jinrikisha Days in Japan,” 15, 20, 43, 56, 123, 236
“Jinrikisha men,” 32, 203
Jōdo sect, 253, 255
Journalism, 200-202
Judges, 163-165
Julian, 248
Jūmin, _see_ Resident
Justice, 160
K
Kaga ware, 229
Kagi, Formosa, 398
Kago, 30
Kagoshima, 32, 107, 108
“Kaigai Shimbun,” 200
Kaiping, 313
Kaiyuan, 317
Kajima, 186
Kamimura, Admiral, 314, 316
Kanazawa, 215
Kaneko, Baron, 120, 139, 307
Kanin, Prince, 278
Kansas City, 37
Karuizawa, 8
Kataoka, Mr., 274
Katayama Sea, 28
Katō, Baron, 402
Katsura, Prime Minister, 324;
ministry, 331, 332, 336-338, 340
Kawakami, E. E., 132, 341
Kawamura, Count and Countess, 123
Kawasaki, 341
Kegon waterfall, 9
Keiki, Shōgun, 108,109
Keiō-gijiku, 215
Kelung, Formosa, 412, 413
Kenkwai, 135-138
Kennan, George, 328
Kenzan ware, 228
“Keramic Art of Japan,” 235
Keramic wares, 228
Kii, 9
Kikuchi, Dr., 221
Kimotsuki, Admiral, 291
Kinchow, 313
Kindergartens, 210, 213, 214, 269, 403
Kingsley Hall, 28
“Kinse Shiriaku,” 117
Kipling, Rudyard, 204
Kirby, E. C., 341
Kiso river, 9
Kitakami river, 9
Kitasato, Dr., 10, 220
Kites, 66
Kiyomori, 98
Knapp, A. M., 59, 89, 101, 132, 208, 249
Knight, 283
Knox, G. W., 59, 75, 89, 249, 261, 304
Kōbe, 2, 9, 33, 110, 201, 355, 364
“Kōbe Herald,” 407
Koch, Dr., 220
Kodama, Baron, 220, 321
Koike, Major, 381
Kojiki, 241
Kojimachi Ku, 139
Kōkaku, Emperor, 278
“Kokumin Shimbun,” 335
Komagatake, 8
Komatsu II., Emperor, 99
Kōmei, Emperor, 64, 108,109, 122
Kōmin, _see_ Citizen
Komura, Baron, 318
Korea, 4, 5, 7, 14, 32, 34, 90, 91, 95, 96, 99, 111, 154, 157,
224, 237, 252, 255, 292, 294, 299, 331;
Japanese convention with Japan, 332;
agreement influence in, 294;
Russia in, 309;
with Japan, 333;
annexed, 337;
Supreme Court in, 334;
Koreans, 85;
students, 341
“Korea and Her Neighbors,” 341
“Korean Sketches,” 341
“Korea in Transition,” 341
“Korea, The Passing of,” 341
“Korea, The Tragedy of,” 341
“Korea, With Marquis Ito in,” 341
_See also_ “Corea the Hermit Nation,” 341
Koriusai, 227
Korsakoff Harbor, Sakhalin, 315
Kublai Khan, 98
Kuchinotsu, 9
Kumamoto, 32, 149, 215
Kure, 150, 355
Kurihama, 102
Kurile Islands, 5, 6, 12, 44, 105, 111
Kuroki, General, 313, 315
Kuropatkin, General, 313, 315
Kuro Shio (Black Stream), 11
Kurozumi-kyō, 259
Kusatsu, 8
Kusunoki, 91, 98
Kyonaga, 227
Kyōto, 19, 91, 97, 109, 215, 230, 278, 280, 282, 350
Kyōto ware, 229
Kyōwa era, 277
Kyūshiu, 5, 9, 10, 12, 14, 42, 45, 95, 292
L
Labor unions, 27, 28
“Labor World,” 28
Lacquer trees, 12;
lacquer work, 24;
lacquering, 230-231
Ladd, George T., 87, 341
“Ladoga” (American), 105
La Farge, John, 236
Lakes, 8
Lamps, 298
Land, arable, 350, 351;
foreign ownership of, 170, 171
“Land of the Morning,” 109
Landscape-gardening, 54, 234
“Landscape-Gardening in Japan,” 54, 236
Lange, Dr., 208
Language, 191-198, 206, 207, 232
Lanman, Chas., 117
Latin, 211, 285
Latitude, 5
“Lawrence” (American), 105
Laws, 96, 137
Lay, A. H., 132, 376, 380
Lead, 23
Legal Japan, 159-174
Leroy-Beaulieu, A., 28, 158
Lespedeza, 395
Lewis, R. E., 221
Liaotung Peninsula, 307, 308
Liaoyang, 313, 315
Library, Imperial, 203, 220;
Max Müller, 220
“Life of Sir Harry Parkes,” 303
Light-houses, 91, 110
Ligneul, L’Abbé, 391
Literary class, 48
Literature, 70, 100, 198-208
Lithography, 227
Living expenses, 26, 27, 358-360
Lizards, 13
Lloyd, Prof., 15, 59, 75, 89, 158, 174, 190, 221, 259, 261
Loans, war, 313
Local self-government, 113, 114, 116, 120, 133-145
Locomotives, 37
London, 341
Longford, J. H., 101, 174
Lönholm, Dr., 161
Loo Choo (Ryūkyū) Islands, 5, 12, 34, 92, 105, 113
Loquats, 19, 351
Loti, Pierre, 77
“Lotos-Time in Japan,” 15, 59, 89
Lotus, 65, 410
Lotze, R. H., 87
Louisiana, 5
Lowell, Percival, 26, 43, 50, 75, 89, 195, 223, 239, 249, 257
Loyalty, 87
Lucky and unlucky days, 71-75
Lumber, 24
Lunar calendar, 64
Lutherans, 264
M
MacCauley, Clay, 199
McClatchie, T. R., 68
McCormick, Frederick, 328
McDonald, Roland, 105, 106
McKenzie, F. A., 341
Mackay, Dr., 276
Maclay, A. C., 75
Magazines, 202, 285
“Magna Charta of Japanese liberty,” _see_ Constitution
Maize, 19
Maizuru, 150
Makaroff, Admiral, 314
“Maker of the New Orient, A,” 276
Malays, 45, 46, 95
Manchoo Court, 301
Manchuria, China, 30, 32, 295, 308-310, 313, 331
Manila, 33, 35
Manners, _see_ Customs
Manufacturing plants, 286
“Manyōshiu,” 407
Maple, 65, 408, 409
Marcus Island, 6
“Mariner” (British), 105
Marriage, 61, 62, 178-182
Masamune, 230
Mason, W. B., 15
Masujima, Dr., 169, 170, 174
Match industry, 24, 37, 298
Matsukata, Count, 128
Matsumai, Yezo, 105
“Matthew Calbraith Perry,” 117
Matting, 37
“Mayors of the Palace,” 98, 278
Mechanics, 283;
wages of, 26, 358-360
Megata, Mr., 351
Meiji era, 91, 277, 339
Melons, 19
Memorial Day, 65
Men-of-war, American, 23
Mercantile Marine, 384
“Mercator” (American), 105
Merchants, 48, 82, 283
Meredith, George, 204
Merovingians, Japanese, 98
Metal work, 24, 229-230
Meteorological table, 346
Methodist Publishing House, 266, 276
Methodists, 264, 272, 334, 404, 405
Michi, Prince, 123
Migrations, 95
“Mikado’s Empire, The,” 43, 66, 71, 206
Military class, 48
Mill, John Stuart, 380
Miller, ——, a criminal, 165
Millet, 19, 55
Milne, Professor, 15
Minamoto, 98
Mining, 23, 294
Minko, 228
Minnesota, 5
Mint, 39, 91, 110, 111
Miochin family, 230
Mission of Japan, the, 289-304
Mission schools, 211, 219
Missionaries, 107, 157, 173, 177, 218, 245, 263-269, 272, 287
Missionary Conference, First, 110;
at Ōsaka, 92, 113;
at Tōkyō, 92, 115;
at Yokohama, 91
Mississippi valley, 5
Mitake, 8
Mitford, A. B. F., 70, 75, 261
Mito, 54, 60, 67, 280
Mito clan, 100
Mito, Prince of, 149, 286
“Mito Yashiki,” 75
Mitschenko’s cavalry, 315
Mitsu Bishi Company, 23
Mitsui Bank, 370
Miwa, 228
“Miyako-Dori,” 236
Miyanoshita, 8
“Modern Japanese Legal Institutions,” 174
Moji, 9, 32, 187
“Moji no Shirube,” 208
Money, Table of, 347-349;
in circulation, 367;
money-making, 81-82, 408
Mongolians, 45
Monkey, 13
Morals, 48, 257, 271, 287
Mormons, 265
Morning-glory, 65, 410
Morris, John, 15, 28, 117, 132, 158, 208
Morrison, Arthur, 235
“Morrison” Expedition, 105
Morrison, Mt., 8
Morse, E. S., 51, 54, 235
“Moscow Gazette,” 406
Mosquitoes, 10
Mossman, Samuel, 117
Mother-in-law, 176
Mott, John R., 270
Mounsey, A. H., 117
Mountains, 8
Mourning, 62
Mousseline, 37
Mukden, battle of, 317
Mulberry trees, 19
Munichika, 230
Munzinger, Carl, 85
Muramasa, 230
Murata rifle, 149
Murdock, James, 101, 276
Muroran, 9, 150
Murray, David, 15, 59, 94, 97, 101, 132, 263
“Murray’s Hand-Book,” 12, 15
“Muscovite Menace,” 322
Music, 68, 69, 231, 232
“Music and Musical Instruments of Japan, The,” 236
Mutsuhito, Emperor, 108-110, 118, 121, 122, 279;
death of, 339, 340
Mythology, 90, 92-95;
history, outline, 90-92
N
Nachi waterfall, 9
Nagasaki, 9, 23, 32, 104-107, 201, 281, 341, 405, 406
Nagoya, 21, 148, 230, 364
Namikawa, 230
Nanjo, 253
Nankaidō, 6
Nanshan, 313
“Napoleon of Japan,” 91, 99
Nara, 97, 228;
Nara epoch, 90, 97
“Narrative of a Japanese,” 200
Naruse, Jinzō, 187, 188, 402
“Nation, The,” 132, 134, 145
National Assembly, 120
National development, 366, 367
National exhibition in Tōkyō, 111
National song, 407, 408
Nature-worship, 45, 79
Naval increment, 383, 384
Navy, 126, 147-152
Nelson, Lord, 151
Nemoto, Mr., 274
“New Far East, The,” 39, 117, 145, 151, 158
New Year’s Day, 61, 64, 75
New York City, 296
New York State Bar Association, 170
Newchang, 315
Newspaper, first, 91, 110, 111, 200;
newspapers, 200-202, 257, 266, 273, 285;
_see also_ specific names
Nichiren sect, 253, 255-256
Nicolai, Bishop, 263
Nietzche’s “Zarathustra,” 204
Nightingale, 13
Niigata, 9, 110
Niitaka, 8
Nikkō, 8, 9, 185, 228
Ninigi, 90
Ninsei ware, 228
Nippon Electric Company, 38
Nippon Yūsen Kwaisha, _see_ Japan Mail Steamship Company
“Nisshin Shinjishi,” 200
Nitobe, Dr., 45, 89, 117, 239, 252, 261, 341
Nitta, 91, 98
_Nō_ dances, 228, 233
Nobility, new orders of, 92, 113, 114
Nobles’ School, 123, 211
Nobunaga, persecutor of Buddhists, 91, 99
Nodzu, General, 313, 315
Nogi, General, 313, 316, 340
Norimono, _see_ Sedan-chair
Normal schools, 211, 216, 400
Norman, Henry, 56, 57, 69, 152, 158, 174, 202
Noss, Christopher, 208
“Notes on Shippo,” 235
“Noto, an Unexplored Corner of Japan,” 43
Novik, sinking of, 315
Nunobiki waterfall, 9
Nuts, 55
Nuttall’s “Standard Dictionary,” 205
O
Oak trees, 12
Oatmeal, 37
Occidentalization, 69
“Occult Japan,” 249
Ocean currents, 11, 14
Officials, 26, 48
Ōhashi, Mr., 220
Oil, 23, 36, 41, 42;
industry, 364-365
Ōjin, 90, 96
Okakura, Kakasu, 117, 224, 235, 304, 328
Okayama, 215
Oku, General, 313, 315
Ōkuma, Count, 119, 130, 154, 215, 218, 333, 381, 402
Olcott, Colonel, 253
Omaha, 37
Omnibus, 34
Onions, 19
Onohama, 355
Onsen, 8
Oöka, 159
“Open door,” 310, 322
Opium, 144, 170
Oranges, 19, 351, 352
Orchestras, 67-69
Oregon, 14, 106
“Orient, The Spirit of the,” 304
Oriental Steamship Company, 23, 35
“Ornamental Arts of Japan,” 235
Ōsaka, 9, 21, 39, 92, 110, 148, 149, 186, 355, 364, 402, 406;
“Ōsaka Asahi Shimbun,” 202;
Exhibition, 24, 356-358;
Gas Company, 36;
“Ōsaka Mainichi Shimbun,” 202;
Merchant Steamship Company, 34, 295;
Missionary Conference, Proceedings, 276;
Shōsen Kwaisha, 34, 295
Oshū, 45
Ota ware, 229
“Othello,” 68
Ōuchi, Mr., 322
“Out of the Far East,” 190
Outcasts, 283;
admitted to citizenship, 91, 110, 112
“Outline of the History of Ukiyo-ye, An,” 235
“Outlook, The,” 309, 328
Owari ware, 229
Oxen, 13; ox-carts, 29, 31
Ōyama, Marquis, 150, 321
Ozaki, Mme., 70
P
Pacific Ocean, 1-3, 6, 14, 299, 301
Pack-horses, 29, 31
“Painters of Japan, the,” 235
Painting, 225-227;
collections in America, 225
Palanquin, 30
Palmer, Frederick, 328
Pantomime, 68
Paper-making, 24;
mills, 286
Paper money, 39
“Paradise of the East,” 290
“Party Cabinet,” first, 115
Paulownia, 409
Peace, articles of, 318-320
Peace commissioners, 318;
conference by, 318
“Peace Preservation Act,” 113, 114
Peace Resolutions, 335
Peace Society, 333
Peach trees, 13;
blossoms, 410;
peaches, 19, 351, 352
Peanuts, 19
Pears, 19, 351, 352
Peas, 19, 37
Peeresses’ School, 188, 211
Peery, R. B., 15, 89, 249, 276
Peking, 115, 296, 297, 301
Penal Code, 113
People, 44-59;
_see also_ Characteristics of the people
Perry, Commodore, 102, 103, 105-107, 116;
anniversary of treaty, 314;
Memorial Relief Fund, 314;
expedition, 91, 117
Persimmons, 19, 351
Pescadores Islands, 5, 413
Petroleum, 37, 365
“Petropavlovsk,” sinking of, 314
“Phaethon” (British), 104
Philippine Islands, 3, 14, 15, 291, 299
Phillips, Fs. C., 205
Phœnicia, 300
Physiographical advantages, 291
Physiography, 1-15
Pickles, 37
Pickpockets’ guild, 27
“Pictorial Arts of Japan, The,” 235
Piggott, F. T., 22, 236
Pine, 12, 409, 410
Pisciculture, 24
Plague, 10, 413
Plasterers’ guild, 27
Plum trees, 13;
blossoms, 65, 79, 408, 409, 410;
plums, 19, 351, 352
Poetry, 192, 198-200, 225, 226, 231, 232, 407
Policemen, 162, 163
“Political and Commercial Reasons for the Study of Chinese,” 296
“Political Development of Japan (1867-1909), The,” 132
“Political Ideas of Modern Japan, The,” 132
Political parties, 113, 114, 130, 376-381
“Political Science Quarterly,” 145
Pomegranate, 351
Population, 7, 366
Porcelain, 24, 37, 228-229
Pork, 54
Port Arthur, 307, 309, 311, 313, 315, 316
Portland, Oregon, 2
Ports, opening of, 91
Portsmouth, N. H., peace conference at, 318
Portuguese, 20, 91, 99
Postage, letter, 35, 36
Postal system, 31, 35, 91, 110, 111;
postal savings, 35, 362-364
Potatoes, 19, 26
Pottery, 24, 228-229;
“Father of Pottery,” 229
Poultry, 24
“Powers, Great,” 146, 307, 308
“Practical Introduction to the Study of Japanese Writing,” 208
“Preble” (United States), 105
Prefectural assemblies, 92, 111-114
Prehistoric period, 90
Presbyterians, 264, 272, 404, 405
Presents, 60
Press, freedom of the, 92, 115, 116, 201
Printers’ union, 27
Prison system, 165, 166;
officials, school for, 168;
treatment of prisoners, 321
Privy council, 92, 113, 124
Professional schools, 218
“Progress of Japan, 1853-1871, The,” 117
Pronunciation, xvii
Prophecy, 288
Proverb, a Japanese, 46
Provinces and Prefectures, 345, 347
Prussian voting system, 141
R
Radicals, dissatisfaction of, 113, 114
Radish, 19
Railroad, first, 91, 110;
fare, 33;
carriages, 37;
engineers’ union, 27;
workmen’s union, 27
Railroads, 31-33, 282, 294, 333, 360-362, 367
Rainy seasons, 11
Ransome, Stafford, 28, 145, 158, 291
Rathgen, Dr. Karl, 17
Rats, 10, 13
“Real Japan, The,” 56, 57, 69, 152, 158, 174, 190, 202
“Real Triumph of Japan, The,” 158
Red Cross Society, 188, 269, 270, 280, 321
Reform School, 168
Reform work, 271
Registration, system of, 168, 169
Rein, J. J., 15, 22, 28, 46, 59, 75, 85, 89, 208, 231, 235, 249
Religion, 172, 173, 237-276
“Religion in Japan, Development of,” 249, 261
Religions, Bureau of, 243
“Religions of Japan, The,” 242, 249, 257, 276
Remmon-kyō, 259
Remsen, Ira, 205
Resanoff, 104
“Rescue homes,” 168
Resident (_jūmin_), 138, 139
Resources, 41, 42, 340
Restoration, 108, 110, 118, 144, 210, 242
Revolutionary war, 91
Rice, 18, 19, 26, 37, 54, 56, 169, 351
Richardson affair, 91, 107, 108
Rifles, 85
Ritter, H., 276
Rivers, 9
Roman Catholic, 264, 404-406
Roosevelt, President, 318
Rosen, Baron, 318
Roses, War of the, 99
Rowing, 66
“Rurik,” loss of, 314
Russia, 4, 14, 36, 145, 263, 285, 294, 295;
and Japan, 299, 300, 307-328
“Russia, The Tragedy of,” 328
Russian aggressions, 155, 157
Russian Church, 406
Russian epidemic, 10
Russian language, 285
“Russo-Japanese Conflict, The,” 328
Russo-Japanese convention, 333
Russo-Japanese war, 307-327, 331, 332, 336
Ryūkyū Islands, _see_ Loo Choo Islands
S
Sada, Empress, 123, 188, 211
Saga rebellion, 91, 111
Saikaidō, 6
Saionji, Marquis, 402;
cabinet, 332, 336, 340
“Saiseikwai” Society, 338
_Sake_, 24, 55
Sakhalin traded off for Kurile Islands, 111;
indemnity from Russia, 331
Salisburia, or Ginko, 351
Salt, 23
Salvation Army, 168, 264, 271
Samurai, or Knight, 283
San Diego, 2, 3
San Francisco, 2, 3, 35, 37
Sanindō, 6
Sanskrit, 211, 285
Sanyō Railway Company, 33
Sanyōdō, 6
Sapporo Agricultural College, 216
“Saramang” (British), 105
Saseho, 150, 311
Satin, 37
Satow, Sir Ernest, 22, 117, 241, 249
Satsuma, Prince of, 108
Satsuma rebellion, 91, 111
Satsuma ware, 229
Sawyers’ guilds, 27
Saxons, 93
Scandinavian Alliance, 264
Scherer, J. A. B., 15, 43, 117, 158, 221, 261
Schools, 210-212, 214-218;
statistics, 399-401;
_see also_ Academy of Music, Fine Arts School, Foreign Language
School, Kindergartens, Mission, Nobles’, Normal, Peeresses’,
Professional, and Technical schools, Sapporo Agricultural College,
University for Women, and University, Imperial
Schopenhauer, Arthur, 204
Scidmore, Miss E. R., 15, 20, 43, 56, 75, 123, 236, 328
“Scribner’s Monthly,” 87, 132
Scripture Union, 271
Sculptors, 228
Sea of Japan, battle of, 318
Seaman, Louis L., Major, 158, 328
Seattle, Washington, 2, 35, 355
Seaweed, 55
Second Army, 313
Sedan-chair, 30
Seidlitz, 235
Seifu ware, 228
Sei-i-Tai-Shōgun, 98
Seismology, 15, 216
“Seiyō Kibun,” 210
Sekigahara, 91, 100
Senate, 91, 111, 119
Sendai, 148, 215, 332
Seoul, 311, 312
Seto ware, 229
Setonouchi, _see_ Inland Sea
Setouchi, _see_ Inland Sea
“Seven grasses,” 410
Seventh-Day Adventists, 264
Shaho River, battle of, 315;
skirmishes on, 317
“Shakai Zasshi,” 18
Shanghai, China, 298, 355
Sheep, 13
Shibata, Mr., 323
Shibusawa, Baron, 39, 82
Shigemi, 75, 221
Shikoku, 5, 10, 12
Shimada, Mr., 274
Shimoda 107
Shimonoseki, and Straits of, 32, 91, 107, 108
Shin sect, 253, 255, 256
Shinano river, 9
Shinchiku, Formosa, 412
Shingon sect, 253, 254
“Shinshiu,” 255
Shintō, 48, 50, 62, 68, 94, 177, 224, 237-249, 250, 251, 254,
259, 260, 288, 340;
periodicals, 203;
shrines, 166, 240, 243, 244;
temples, 65, 238
“Shinto: the Way of the Gods,” 249
Shinyeisho, Formosa, 412
Shioya, S., 75, 221
Ship-building, 23, 24, 354-356
Ship-carpenters’ union, 27
_Shippō_, 230, 235
Shirane, 8
Shirozaemon, 229
Shizuoka, 280
Shōgunate, 91, 98, 99, 108-110
Shops, shopkeepers, shopping, 25-26
Shōtoku Taishi, 90, 96
Shrines, Bureau of, 243
Shunsho, 227
Siam, 4, 299;
and Japan, 298, 410-411
Siberia, 4, 14, 34
Siberia railway, 291, 309
Sick poor, relief of, 338
Silk, 17, 20, 21, 37, 41;
silkworms, 20
Silver, 23, 41, 42
Simmons, Dr., 133
Simplicity of life, 78-81
Singapore, 355
Sin-tek, Formosa, 413
“Sketches of Tōkyō Life,” 74
Sleeping-cars, 33
Smallpox, 10, 220, 413
Smelt-fishing, 22
Smoking, 20
Snakes, 13
Soap, 37
Social evil, 166-168
Social settlement, 28
Socialism, 28
Society, classes of, 48-49, 282, 283
Soldiers, 30, 82, 283
“Solomon, Japanese,” 159
Soma ware, 229
Sone, Viscount, 337
“Soul of the Far East,” 26, 50, 89, 195, 239, 249
Soups, 55
South Pacific Islands, 45
Soy, 24, 55
Spanish, 285
Spencer, D. S., 404
Spencer, Herbert, 206
Spokane Falls, Washington, 37
Spring, Japanese, 12
Springs, hot, mineral, 8, 59
Stage, 31, 34, 281
“Standard, The,” Chicago, 237
Standard Oil Company, 36
Star Vega, Festival of the, 64, 65
Stature of Japanese, 47
Steamboats, 31, 281
Steam-car, 281
Steamers, 37;
companies, 34;
lines, 2, 3;
steamships, 286
Steel, 37
Stevenson, R. L., 204
Stoicism, 81
Stonemasons’ guild, 27
Stores, _see_ Shops
“Story of Japan, The,” 15, 59, 94, 132, 263
“Story of Old Japan, The,” 101
Strange, E. F., 235
Strawberries, 19
Street-car conductors, wages, 26;
drivers, 26
Stroessel, General, 316
Students’ Standard Dictionary, 205
Sugar-raising, 24
Sugawara, 91
Suiko, Empress, 96
“Sūjin, the Civilizer,” 90, 95
Sulphur, 23
Sumac tree, 230
“Summary of Japanese Penal Codes,” 174
Summer, Japanese, 12
Sunday-school, National Association, 334
Sunday-school picnics, 66
Sun-goddess, 90, 95, 248, 259
“Sunrise Kingdom, The,” 5
“Sunrise in the Sunrise Kingdom,” 276
Superiors, obedience to, 49, 50
Superstitions, 70-75
“Superstitious Japan,” 73
Suyematsu, Baron, 120
Swords, 24, 48, 230
T
Tacoma, Washington, 2
Taft, W. H., 334
Taggart’s “Cotton Spinning,” 205
Taihoku, Formosa, 412
Taikwa Reformation, 370
Tainan-fu, Formosa, 412
Taine’s “English Literature,” 206
Taira supremacy, 91, 98
Taisho Era, 339
“Taiyō,” 291, 293, 368
Takahashi, K., 290
Takahira, Minister, 318
Takekoshi, 145
Take-no-uchi, 90, 96
Takow, Formosa, 412, 413
Takushan, 313
“Tales of Old Japan,” 70, 75, 261
Tamsui, Formosa, 412
Tamura, N., 61
Tanners, 48
Tariff, 92, 108, 115, 116, 170
Tartars, 98; armada, 91
Tax, land, 18, 49, 139, 169;
business, 169;
house, 169, 170;
income, 169
Taxation, 48, 142, 150, 169
Tea, 19, 20, 26, 37, 41, 55;
ceremonial, 99, 233
Teachers’ Institutes, 219, 220
Technical schools, 211, 216, 400
Telegraph, 31, 91, 110, 282, 294, 367, 413
Telephone, 31, 33, 34, 282, 413
Telissu, 313
Temperament, 87-89
Tempō era, 370
Tendai sect, 253, 254
Tennis, 66
Tennyson, Alfred, 204
Tenrikyō, 259
Tenryu-gawa, river, 9
Terauchi, Gen., 339
Terry, Prof., 161
Teru, Prince, 123
“Text-book of Colloquial Japanese,” 208
Theatre, 66-68
Thibet, 301
“Things Japanese,” 161, 199, 256
Third Army, 313
“30th year” (of Meiji) rifle, 149
Thomson, Elihu, 205
“Three Provinces,” 310
Tidal wave, 115
“Tidings from Japan,” 404
Tiehling, occupation of, 317
“Time, Land of Approximate,” 83
Tin, 23
Tobacco, 17, 19, 20;
sale of, to minors, prohibited, 271
Togo, Admiral, 311, 315, 316, 318
Tōkaidō, 6
Tokonami, Mr., 339
Tokugawa Dynasty, 91, 100, 101, 110, 280
Tokuno, 235
Tōkyō, 21, 26, 28, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 47, 91, 92, 110, 111,
114, 139, 148, 149, 166, 168, 186, 201, 215-217, 220, 230,
270, 276, 280, 282, 285, 286, 322, 334, 336, 360, 361, 364,
370, 402, 406, 410
Tōkyō Bay, 314
Tōkyō Missionary Conference, Proceedings, 276
Toledo blades, 230
Tolstoi, Leo, 204
Tomeoka, 168
Tomotada, 228
Tone river, 9
Torpedo-boats, 311
Tōsandō, 6
Tōyō Kisen Kwaisha, 23, 35
Toyokuni, 227
Trade Unions, 27, 28
Traits, 46-50, 76-89
Transportation, travel, 29-43, 281
Treaties, new, 92;
with foreign nations, 91;
of-alliance between Japan and Korea, 312;
of commerce and navigation between Japan and the United
States, 385-399;
of Portsmouth between Japan and Russia, 331, 333;
new, with United States, 338
Treaty-Making, Period of, 104, 106-107
Tree peony, 409
Trees, _see_ names of trees
Trials, 164
Tri-Religion Conference, 339
Troup, James, 255
Trusteeship, system of, 41
Turnips, 19
“Twain, Mark,” 204
Twentieth Century Japan, 267, 277-288
“203-metre Hill,” 316
Type Foundry, Tsukiji, Tōkyō, 285, 286
Typhoons, 10, 11, 88
U
Uchimura, 265, 300
Uhlhorn, Gerhard, 275
Uji, 19
Ukita, K., 293
Umé Tsuda, Miss, 186
“Unabridged Japanese English Dictionary,” 208
United States, 2, 3, 7, 14, 36, 37, 85, 157, 186, 200, 291, 293,
299, 308, 310, 317, 335, 336, 338;
President of the, 102, 106;
treaties between, and Japan, 338, 385-399
Universalists, 264
University, Imperial, 23, 91, 165, 166;
at Kyōto, 211, 215;
at Tōkyō, 110, 210, 215, 216, 221
University for Women, 186, 188, 211, 401-403
Uraga, 102, 106, 355;
dockyard, 23
Urami waterfall, 9
Uriu, Admiral, 311, 316
Utamaro, 227
Utsumi, Baron, 402
Uychara, G. E., 132
Uyeno, 381
V
Vaccination, 413
Vancouver, 2
“Various impressions,” 45
Vegetables, _see_ names of vegetables
Vehicles, 30
“Verbeck of Japan,” 117, 276
Verestchagin, death of, 314
Vergil, 304
Vessels, 367
Vladivostock, 33, 315;
squadron of, 314
Volcanoes, 8
Von Siebold, Dr., 105
W
Wadō era, 370
Wages and incomes, 26, 27, 358-360
Wakayama, 17
Walker’s “Political Economy,” 206
War indemnity, 319, 331
War, Russo-Japanese, 307-327
Warships, 150, 151, 383
Waseda, 215
Washington, 14; D. C., 157
Watanabe, Viscount, 43, 333
Watson, 304
Wealth of Japan, 369-370
Weasels, 13
Weaving, 24
Webster’s Dictionaries, 205
Weddings, _see_ Marriage
“Wee Ones of Japan, The,” 60, 75, 221
Weight and Measure, Table of, 347-350
Weights, comparative, of Japanese and European men, 47
Weihaiwei, battle of, 150
Wheat, 19; cracked, 37
“When I was a Boy in Japan,” 75, 221
Whistler, J. A. M., 223
“White Peril in the Far East, The,” 117, 304, 328
Wigmore, Prof., 132-134, 145, 159, 160
William II. of Holland, 105
Willow, 409
Wine, 56
Winter, Japanese, 12
Wistaria, 65, 409, 410
“With Kuroki in Manchuria,” 328
Witnesses, 164
Witte, Sergius, Count, 318
Woman’s Christian Temperance Union, 168, 264, 270, 271
Women, 175-190, 286;
Japanese and American, contrasted, 81;
legal position of, 178-182;
education of, 183, 185, 186, 188, 401-403;
employment for, 183, 188, 270
Wool, 37
Woollen mills, 286
World’s Student Christian Federation, 334
Wrestling, 66;
wrestler’s guild, 27
Writing, art of, introduced, 92, 94, 96
Wuchang, China, 297
X
Xavier, Francis, 91, 99, 262
Y
Yalu, battle of, 150
Yalu River, battle of, 313
Yamada, 117, 158, 283
Yamagata, Isoh, 276
Yamagata, Marquis, 150, 321
Yamaguchi, 215
Yamamoto, Count, 375, 340
Yamath, Yamato, 46
Yamato-Dake, Prince, 90, 95
Yangtze Kiang river, 14, 295
“Yankees of the East, The,” 28, 43, 56, 66, 123, 132, 174, 190
Year Periods, 370-373
Yedo (now Tōkyō), 91, 100, 106, 110, 280, 282; Bay, 102, 104, 105
“Yellow Peril,” 321
Yezo, 5, 9, 12, 16, 32, 44, 104, 106, 110, 162;
_see also_ Hokkaidō
Yinkow, 315
Yi Tchi Yong, Major-General, 312
Yokohama, 2, 3, 9, 14, 28, 91, 107, 165, 166, 201, 360, 361, 364;
Athletic Association, 66;
Specie Bank, 38, 170
Yokosuka, 150
Yoritomo, 91, 98
“Yoshino,” sinking of, 314
Yoshihito, Emperor, 339
Yoshitsune, 91, 98
“Young Japan,” 117, 221
Young Men’s Buddhist Association, 256
Young Men’s Christian Association, 256, 264, 270;
Perry celebration in Tōkyō rooms of, 314;
work at Antung, 324;
providing teachers, 340
Young People’s Society of Christian Endeavor, 265, 271
Young Women’s Christian Association, 270
Yuzu Nembutsu sect, 254
Z
Zen sect, 253-255
Zola, Émile, 204
FOOTNOTES:
[1] Miss Bacon, in “Japanese Girls and Women.”
[2] Fifth edition.
[3] Twelfth edition.
[4] If any are inclined to delve still more deeply into any of these
topics, they will find farther references in the books in the lists,
especially in “Things Japanese.” And the most complete treatment of
this subject is found in Wenckstern’s “Bibliography of Japan.” Poole’s
Index is also valuable.
[5] Including half of Sakhalin, but not Korea.
[6] Another design shows the sun’s rays shooting out from the sun in
the centre.
[7] 24° 14´-45° 30´ N.
[8] There is a Tōkyō _Shi_, for instance, in Tōkyō _Fu_. See Appendix
for lists of _Kuni_ and _Ken_.
[9] Except Korea.
[10] Niitaka, or Mt. Morrison, in Formosa, is about 13,000 feet high.
[11] _Kawa_, or _gawa_ in composition, means “river.”
[12] See also meteorological tables in Appendix.
[13] This quotation is from Murray’s “Hand-Book for Japan” by
Chamberlain and Mason. The Introduction of that book contains most
valuable practical information for prospective travellers in Japan.
[14] See Appendix.
[15] See tables of measurement and coinage, in Appendix.
[16] See “The Yankees of the East” (Curtis), chap. xiii.
[17] The “Shakai Zasshi” has the following on the decrease of farmers:
The causes of the phenomenon, briefly stated, are as below: (1) The
current methods of farming require no intelligence in the farmer.
He works very much like an animal in a purely mechanical fashion.
Hence lads with minds are attracted to trade and industry. (2) The
universality of education has increased the number of intelligent men
among the lower classes, and this has made farmers discontented with
their lot. (3) City life offers many attractions to active-minded
persons; and hence in Japan, as in the Western world, there has been
a steady flow of country people towards the towns. The statistics
published on this matter show, that, whereas in 1889 the proportion
of townspeople to the total number of inhabitants was 15 in every 100
persons, in 1898 it has risen to 18. This accounts for the scarcity
of farm labor, which has constantly been complained of in recent
years.—_Japan Mail._
[18] See tables in Appendix.
[19] See Appendix.
[20] See tables of weights and measures in Appendix.
[21] Scidmore’s “Jinrikisha Days in Japan,” chap. xxxv., and Gribble’s
paper in Transactions Asiatic Society of Japan, vol. xii. pp. 1-33.
[22] Scidmore’s “Jinrikisha Days in Japan,” chaps. xxvi., xxvii.
[23] See Davidson’s “Island of Formosa.”
[24] See Transactions Japan Society, London, vol. i., for an
interesting paper by Charles Holme, and Transactions Asiatic Society of
Japan, vol. xxvii., for an elaborate and finely illustrated paper by
Sir Ernest Satow, on “Bamboo.”
[25] See Appendix.
[26] Japan Times. See also Appendix.
[27] See also chapter on “Æsthetic Japan.”
[28] Lowell’s “Soul of the Far East,” pp. 114-117.
[29] The Yankees of the East (Curtis), chap. xii. Also see Appendix.
[30] “Unlike ordinary laborers _jinrikisha_ men have always to work in
the open air, often in defiance of the elements, and irrespective of
day or night. Sometimes they are covered from head to foot with dust
and at other times drenched to the skin with water. Then again they
experience a constant change in their bodily temperature, at one time
perspiring from their arduous exertions, and at another shivering with
cold. No one can doubt that such quick change in bodily temperature
will sooner or later tell on the health of those unfortunate victims.
At every street corner they are to be found on the eager look-out for
customers, but exhaustion soon asserts its claim over them, as they
invariably doze whenever and wherever they have the chance.”
[31] See Appendix, for important railway statistics.
[32] Japan is also in cable communication with the rest of the world
via Hongkong, or Vladivostock, or Manila, or Honolulu; and press rates
are available.
[33] It should be pronounced Mah-ro͝o, _not_ Mă-roo´.
[34] See Appendix.
[35] See Appendix.
[36] See table in Appendix. In 1912 the exports footed up $262,000,000,
and the imports $309,000,000.
[37] See Hamaoka’s pamphlet on “The Bank of Japan.”
[38] For tables of currency, weights, measures, etc., see Appendix.
[39] See “Japan and America” for June and July, 1903; also consult
Diosy’s “New Far East,” chap. vi.
[40] See “Japan and America” for June and July, 1903.
[41] “Unbeaten Tracks in Japan,” by Miss Bird (now Mrs. Bishop), is
interesting and reliable in its treatment of the Ainu of that day.
Chamberlain also has written on the “Ainos.” The best single book is,
of course, “The Ainu of Japan,” by Rev. J. Batchelor, the leading
authority, who has also written a book on “Ainu Folk-lore.”
[42] “Various Impressions” is the title of an address delivered at a
meeting of the Imperial Education Society by Dr. Nitobe, reported very
fully in the Kyōiku Kōhō. Dr. Nitobe gave an account of his travels in
the South Pacific. He visited Java, many other islands, and Australia.
At Java he felt persuaded that an eminent French ethnologist who not
long ago said that, as the result of much investigation, he had come to
the conclusion that the Japanese race was 6/10 Malay, 3/10 Mongolian,
and 1/10 mixed, was right. Among the mixed elements there was an Aryan
element, which came from India, and a negrito element. “Now it is
supposed,” says Dr. Nitobe, “that this negrito element comes from the
Javanese. It no longer shows itself in the Japanese in regard to the
form of the nose and that of the cheek-bones, but it is to be seen in
the curly hair of certain inhabitants of Kyūshiu. In Oshū, from which
I come, this peculiarity is not known. During my travels in the South
Pacific Islands I was repeatedly struck by the similarity of Malay
customs to our own. In the structure of their houses even this was very
manifest.”—_Japan Mail._
[43] Dr. Baelz estimates the average stature at about 5 feet.
[44] See also subsequent chapter on “Japanese Traits.”
[45] His is simply a case of what is called “undeveloped moral
consciousness.”
[46] See Transactions Japan Society, London, vol. ii., papers by Goh
and Aston.
[47] See Lowell’s “Soul of the Far East,” chap. ii.
[48] Morse’s “Japanese Homes” is the one book on this subject.
[49] Besides Morse’s “Japanese Homes,” Conder’s “Landscape-Gardening in
Japan” (Transactions Asiatic Society of Japan, vol. xiv., and in book
form, illustrated), is very valuable. An instructive short description
of this subject may be found in chap. xvi., vol. ii., of Hearn’s
“Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan.”
[50] For descriptions of Japanese meals or banquets, see Miss
Scidmore’s “Jinrikisha Days in Japan,” _passim_; “The Yankees of the
East” (Curtis), vol. ii. chap. xiv.; and Norman’s “Real Japan,” chap. i.
[51] See Norman’s “Real Japan,” pp. 180-195.
[52] For instance, “such an attire as Japanese clogs, flannel drawers,
swallow-tail coat, and opera hat” has been seen; and another witness
testifies to the “oddest mixtures of evening dress and bathing suits,
naked legs with a blouse and a foreign hat, high boots with a _kimono_,
legs and head Asiatic with trunk European, or _vice versa_, with
endless combinations and variations.” There is a great variety, with
all kinds of fits and misfits.
[53] Chamberlain.
[54] “The Wee Ones of Japan,” by Mae St. John Bramhall, can be
recommended.
[55] See Transactions Asiatic Society of Japan, vol. xiii. pp. 114-137;
and “A Japanese Bride,” by Rev. N. Tamura, is admirable.
[56] See Transactions Asiatic Society of Japan, vol. xix. pp. 507-544.
[57] See chap. xx. of Hearn’s “Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan.”
[58] See Appendix, and Clement’s “Japanese Floral Calendar.”
[59] See chapter on “Children’s Games and Sports” in “The Mikado’s
Empire.”
[60] See chap. xx. of “The Yankees of the East” (Curtis).
[61] See Hancock’s “Japanese Physical Training.”
[62] On the subject of the Japanese theatre and drama, see McClatchie’s
“Japanese Plays” and Edwards’s “Japanese Plays and Playfellows.”
[63] See Norman’s “Real Japan,” chap. ix.
[64] The best books on this subject are Mitford’s “Tales of Old Japan,”
Miss Ballard’s “Fairy Tales from Far Japan,” Griffis’s “Fire-Fly’s
Lovers,” Mme. Ozaki’s “Japanese Fairy Book,” and the series of crêpe
booklets of “Japanese Fairy Tales,” published by the Kobunsha, Tōkyō.
[65] See “Japanese Calendars,” Transactions Asiatic Society of Japan,
vol. xxx. part. i.
[66] The sixty-first year of a person’s life is of special interest,
because it is the first of a second cycle of sixty years.
[67] “The vast rice crop is raised on millions of tiny farms; the silk
crop in millions of small, poor homes; the tea crop on countless little
patches of soil.”—LAFCADIO HEARN.
[68] The Japanese seem to have no nerves; or, at least, their nervous
system is much less sensitive than ours.
[69] See Baron Shibusawa’s opinion, pp. 40-43.
[70] But “the peasantry is, in the main, honest.”
[71] See “Japanese Calendars,” Transactions Asiatic Society of Japan,
vol. xxx. part i.
THE LAND OF APPROXIMATE TIME.
Here’s to the Land of Approximate Time! Where nerves are a factor
unknown, Where acting as balm are manners calm, And seeds of sweet
patience are sown.
Where every clock runs as it happens to please, And they never agree
on their strikes; Where even the sun often joins in the fun, And rises
whenever he likes.
—_Jingles from Japan._
[72] For particulars on this point, see chapter on “Æsthetic Japan.”
[73] See “Scribner’s Monthly” for January, 1895.
[74] Chamberlain’s English version is found in Transactions Asiatic
Society of Japan, vol. x., Supplement.
[75] Aston’s English version is found in Transactions Japan Society,
London, Supplement.
[76] See Transactions Asiatic Society of Japan, vol. xvi. pp. 39-75.
[77] There are, indeed, many striking resemblances between “things
Japanese” of various kinds and the corresponding “things Græco-Roman.”
See “Japanesque Elements in ‘The Last Days of Pompeii’” in the “Arena”
for October, 1896.
[78] See Appendix, where will also be found a list of the year-periods,
or eras.
[79] His younger brother, Yoshitsune, was a popular hero.
[80] See “The Religions of Japan” (Griffis), chap. xi.
[81] Previously Portuguese, English, and others had enjoyed the
privilege.
[82] For lists of eras and emperors, see Appendix.
[83] Or [VII. Cosmopolitanism (1899- )].
[84] Recommending to open Japan to foreign intercourse.
[85] The following is what the Japanese themselves stated about this
event: “The letter of the President of the United States of North
America, and copy, are hereby received and delivered to the Emperor.
Many times it has been communicated that business relating to foreign
countries cannot be transacted here at Uraga, but in Nagasaki. Now,
it has been observed that the Admiral, in his quality of ambassador
of the President, would be insulted by it; the justice of this has
been acknowledged; consequently, the above-mentioned letter is hereby
received, in opposition to the Japanese law.”
[86] Dixon’s “Land of the Morning,” p. 97.
[87] Iyenaga’s “Constitutional Development of Japan,” p. 33.
[88] See Appendix for New Treaty.
[89] Drawn up by the then Count (the late Prince) Itō, Mr., now
Viscount, Kaneko and Mr. Suyematsu (now Viscount), and others.
[90] This and following quotations are from the Constitution itself.
[91] See Scidmore’s “Jinrikisha Days in Japan,” chaps. xi., xii.
[92] See “The Yankees of the East,” chap. iii.
[93] For table of Cabinet changes, see Appendix.
[94] The number is variable; in 1912, it was 373. See Appendix.
[95] The property qualification has since been abolished.
[96] Published in the “Annals of the American Academy of Political and
Social Science.”
[97] See Appendix.
[98] See valuable papers by Simmons and Wigmore in Transactions Asiatic
Society of Japan, vol. xix. pp. 37-270, and vol. xx., Supplement, part
i., pp. 41-62.
[99] See “Nation,” vol. li. (1890).
[100] The sessions are generally very orderly; no smoking or drinking
is allowed in the assembly-room.
[101] The principle of local self-government has been most signally
upheld in one instance by the Imperial Japanese government. Recently
the Governor of Gumma Prefecture, in the face of the public opinion of
that section, gave permission for the re-establishment of the system
of licensed immorality. Inasmuch as the people of that prefecture have
always taken great pride in the fact that their section was an oasis
in the desert, they raised a great storm, and accused the Governor of
having lent himself to speculators. Whether or not this accusation was
true, the Minister of Home Affairs so far respected local opinion as to
revoke the permission granted by the Governor and to remove the latter
from office.
[102] Baron Kentarō Kaneko has been elected a member of the City
Council (of Tōkyō) as representative of the first-class tax-payers in
Kōjimachi Ku. It may be added that the Nippon Yūsen Kwaisha (Japan Mail
Steamship Company) is the only first-class tax-payer in that ward, and
the Baron secured the one vote.
[103] See note at bottom of page 139.
[104] “The Island of Formosa” (Davidson) is invaluable.
[105] See Appendix.
[106] Quotations from Regulations.
[107] For statistics and other information concerning the army and the
navy, see Appendix.
[108] “The New Far East,” chap. vii.
[109] “Any foreign power that should venture to attack Japan in her own
waters, would be strangely advised.”—CHAMBERLAIN.
[110] See p. 104.
[111] Renewed in 1905 and 1911.
[112] “Japan, geographically to the mighty continent of Asia what
Great Britain is to the continent of Europe; Japan, an island people
with all the strength, mental and physical, that is the heritage of a
nation cradled on the sea; Japan, by the necessities of her environment
compelled to appreciate the importance of sea-power; Japan, in short,
the Britain of the Orient.”—DIOSY.
[113] The first alliance of a white nation and a yellow nation.
[114] Several paragraphs are here republished, by permission, from “The
Standard,” Chicago.
[115] See his voluminous work in Transactions Asiatic Society of Japan,
vol. xx., Supplement.
[116] These new codes are available in English, as follows: The Civil
Code, by Gubbins; the Civil Code and the Commercial Code, by Lönholm
and Terry; the Commercial Code, the Criminal Code, and the Code of
Civil Procedure, in official translations.
[117] See “Japan in the Beginning of the Twentieth Century.”
[118] But missionaries, as individuals, are able to unite in organizing
a Japanese corporation.
[119] Portions of this chapter are reprinted by permission from the
“American Journal of Sociology,” March, 1903.
[120] Chap. iv. on “People, Houses, Food, Dress.”
[121] The Japanese mother-in-law is an awful tyrant; but it is always
the wife’s mother-in-law.
[122] Since 1882 they have been upon the same basis.
[123] These are composed of a large circle of relatives, and exercise
autocratic influence in most important questions.
[124] The word “family” is here and hereinafter used in a technical
sense, peculiar to Japan, of a group of the same surname. In Old Japan
the family was the social unit.
[125] “A Japanese judge has ruled in a certain case that the wife is
not obliged ‘to obey the unreasonable demands of her husband.’ In
this particular instance the man of the house had told the wife to
perform some disagreeable manual labor for him; she refused, and he
promptly divorced her. The wife appealed, and her plea was upheld
by the court. A very important precedent has been established, and
this decision may lead to a revolution in Japanese domestic life, in
which, thanks to the courage of one woman and the enlightening effect
of American ideals, the Japanese wife need no longer be her husband’s
slave.”--_Congregational Work._
[126] It is interesting to note that after a marriage ceremony at one
of the shrines at Nikkō, the bridegroom and the bride were presented
with a copy of Mr. Fukuzawa’s work.
[127] See Appendix.
[128] Chicago Daily Record.
[129] “H. M. the Empress gave a donation of 2,000 _yen_ to the Women’s
University established by Mr. Jinzō Naruse. Prince Iwakura and
Marquis Hachisuka will call at the Imperial Palace in a day or two in
order to express the gratitude of the university for this munificent
donation.”—_Japan Times._
[130] Her birthday on May 28 is annually observed by Christian women in
special services.
[131] Arranged by the famous Buddhist priest, Kōbō Daishi.
[132] Read from top to bottom and from left to right.
[133] See “The Soul of the Far East,” pp. 78-109.
[134] Translation by Prof. Clay MacCauley, Transactions Asiatic Society
of Japan, vol. xxvii.
[135] From Chamberlain’s “Things Japanese.”
[136] It is, however, only fair to state that Joseph Heco, who was
probably the first naturalized Japanese citizen of the United States,
claims the same honor for his “Kaigai Shimbun,” published in 1864 to
give a summary of foreign news. See his “Narrative of a Japanese,” vol.
ii. pp. 53, 59.
[137] See also Norman’s “Real Japan,” chap. ii.
[138] Reprinted, by permission, from “The Dial,” Chicago.
[139] Reprinted, by permission, from “The Dial,” Chicago.
[140] Reprinted, by permission, from “The Dial,” Chicago.
[141] Or “Practical Introduction to the Study of Japanese Writing.”
[142] Noss’s Lange’s “Text-book of Colloquial Japanese” (1908) is very
valuable.
[143] The new “English-Japanese Dictionary of the Spoken Language”
(1904) is indispensable.
[144] See chap. xxiii. of “Japan in History, Folk-lore and Art”
(Griffis).
[145] See “Chautauquan” for April, 1902.
[146] For a statistical table of schools in the empire, see Appendix.
[147] Official translation, revised.
[148] This has recently secured the famous Max Müller Library.
[149] “The Soul of the Far East,” p. 121.
[150] While it is possible and even probable that this movement may
have begun before the formal introduction of Buddhism from Korea in the
year 552, our present knowledge of the history of art in Japan anterior
to that event is not sufficient to warrant any definite assertion
respecting it.
[151] See “The Ideals of the East,” by Kakasu Okakura. London, 1903.
[152] The principal collections of Japanese paintings in America are
the Fenollosa collection in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, and that
of Mr. Charles L. Freer, of Detroit. A few fine works are owned by Mr.
Henry O. Havemeyer, Mr. Howard Mansfield, and Mr. C. D. Weldon, of New
York; Mr. Denman Ross, Mr. Quincy A. Shaw, and Mrs. John Gardner, of
Boston; Mr. Charles J. Morse, of Uniontown, Pa.; and Mr. Frederick W.
Gookin, of Chicago. In England the most notable collections are those
of the British Museum and Mr. Arthur Morrison, of Loughton. There are
also a number of private collections in France and Germany.
[153] A large portion of this chapter is reprinted, by permission, from
“The Standard,” Chicago.
[154] “Shintō signifies character in the highest sense,—courage,
courtesy, honor, and, above all things, loyalty. The spirit of Shintō
is the spirit of filial piety [Lat. _pietas_], the zest of duty, the
readiness to surrender life for a principle.... It is the docility
of the child; it is the sweetness of the Japanese woman.... It is
religion—but religion transmuted into hereditary moral impulse—religion
transmuted into ethical instinct. It is the whole emotional life of the
race,—the Soul of Japan.”—HEARN.
[155] “Shintō is the Japanese conception of the cosmos. It is a
combination of the worship of nature and of their own ancestors.... To
the Japanese eye, the universe itself took on the paternal look. Awe of
their parents, which these people could comprehend, lent explanation to
dread of nature, which they could not. Quite cogently, to their minds,
the thunder and the typhoon, the sunshine and the earthquake, were the
work not only of anthropomorphic beings, but of beings ancestrally
related to themselves. In short, Shintō ... is simply the patriarchal
principle projected without perspective into the past, dilating with
distance into deity.”
“Shintō is so Japanese it will not down. It is the faith of these
people’s birthright, not of their adoption. Its folk-lore is what they
learned at the knee of the race-mother, not what they were taught from
abroad. Buddhist they are by virtue of belief; Shintō by virtue of
being.”—LOWELL, “The Soul of the Far East.”
[156] The earliest sacred book. The ancient records.
[157] See Transactions Asiatic Society of Japan, vols. xiv. and xvii.,
papers on “Shinshiu” by Troup.
[158] “Things Japanese.”
[159] “The Religions of Japan.”
[160] “Emotionally its tenets do not at bottom satisfy us Occidentals,
flirt with them as we may. Passivity is not our passion, preach it as
we are prone to do each to his neighbor. Scientifically, pessimism is
foolishness, and impersonality a stage in development from which we
are emerging, not one into which we shall ever relapse. As a dogma it
is unfortunate, doing its devotee in the deeper sense no good, but it
becomes positively faulty when it leads to practical ignoring of the
mine and thine, and does other people harm.”—LOWELL.
[161] See papers in vol. xxix., Transactions Asiatic Society of Japan,
by Lloyd and Greene.
[162] See Cary’s article in “Andover Review,” June, 1889.
[163] See Greene’s paper in vol. xxiii., Transactions Asiatic Society
of Japan.
[164] See Lowell’s “Soul of the Far East,” pp. 168, 169.
[165] “The wicked sect called Christian is strictly prohibited.
Suspected persons are to be reported to the respective officials, and
rewards will be given” (1868).
[166] See also Murray’s “Story of Japan,” pp. 172-179, 240-268.
[167] See Uchimura’s “Diary of a Japanese Convert.”
[168] There is now a “Japan Tract Society.”
[169] It is unfortunate that there are any missionaries, with more
zeal than knowledge, who seem to forget those wise words of Paul, the
courageous, but tactful, and therefore successful, preacher, in 1
Corinthians ix. 22. But most of the missionaries, or the best of them,
always bear in mind Christ’s own instructions in Matthew x. 16.
[170] It is no small matter for encouragement to Christian workers in
Japan that it is now possible to find among Japanese Christians three
generations of believers; so that the words of Paul in 2 Timothy i. 5
may be applied here: “Having been reminded of the unfeigned faith that
is in thee; which dwelt first in thy grandmother Lois and thy mother
Eunice.” The future of Christianity in Japan is insured when it begins
to be inherited.
[171] See “An American Missionary in Japan,” pp. 259-262.
[172] There are said to be 17,530 women employed in the factories and
workshops of Tōkyō alone.
[173] “Conflict of Christianity with Heathenism.”
[174] See “Heroic Japan” (Eastlake and Yamada).
[175] Mr. K. Takahashi, President of the Bank of Japan.
[176] Rear-Admiral Kimotsuki in the “Taiyō” (Sun). See also chap. xiii.
of “Japan in Transition” (Ransome).
[177] Editorial in the “Taiyō” (Sun).
[178] Formerly of the Dōshisha. From the “Taiyō.”
[179] Osaka Merchant Steamship Company.
[180] “The Political and Commercial Reasons for the Study of Chinese.”
[181] “Chinese Recorder.”
[182] Japan exports chiefly matches, lamps, and coal, and imports
principally rice and cotton-seed.
[183] Uchimura’s “Japan and the Japanese.”
[184] “Life of Sir Harry Parkes.”
[185] Pages 299-300.
[186] Baron Kaneko at Harvard University.
[187] Captain Brinkley in “The Outlook.”
[188] Captain Brinkley.
[189] Official.
[190] The following is the authorized English text of the Protocol,
signed at Seoul, on February 23, 1904:—
Mr. Hayashi, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of His
Majesty the Emperor of Japan, and Major-General Yi Tchi Yong, Minister
of State for Foreign Affairs _ad interim_ of His Majesty the Emperor of
Korea, being respectively duly empowered for the purpose, have agreed
upon the following Articles:—
ARTICLE I.—For the purpose of maintaining a permanent and solid
friendship between Japan and Korea and firmly establishing peace in the
Far East, the Imperial Government of Korea shall place full confidence
in the Imperial Government of Japan and adopt the advice of the latter
in regard to improvements in administration.
ARTICLE II.—The Imperial Government of Japan shall in a spirit of firm
friendship insure the safety and repose of the Imperial House of Korea.
ARTICLE III.—The Imperial Government of Japan definitively guarantees
the independence and territorial integrity of the Korean Empire.
ARTICLE IV.—In case the welfare of the Imperial House of Korea or the
territorial integrity of Korea is endangered by aggression of a third
Power or internal disturbances, the Imperial Government of Japan shall
immediately take such necessary measures as the circumstances require,
and in such cases the Imperial Government of Korea shall give full
facilities to promote the action of the Imperial Japanese Government.
The Imperial Government of Japan may, for the attainment of the
above-mentioned object, occupy, when the circumstances require it, such
places as may be necessary from strategical points of view.
ARTICLE V.—The Governments of the two countries shall not in future,
without mutual consent, conclude with a third Power such an arrangement
as may be contrary to the principle of the present Protocol.
ARTICLE VI.—Details in connection with the present Protocol shall be
arranged as the circumstances may require, between the Representative
of Japan and the Minister of State for Foreign Affairs of Korea.
[191] See Chapter XXI.
[192] Pages 14 and 301.
[193] Certainly the Japanese enjoy more social freedom and political
privileges than the subjects of the Czar. Intellectual liberty is not
repressed in Japan as in Russia, and freedom of assembly and of the
press is permitted in Japan, but not in Russia. The administration of
law and justice in Japan is by far more humane than in Russia with its
Siberian horrors. Again, strongest of all, nominally non-Christian
Japan grants religious liberty, while nominally Christian Russia
cruelly persecutes Jews and Stundists. In fact, in what constitutes
true greatness, Japan is superior to Russia.
[194] It had established a record by holding office for four and
one-half years, the longest period of any Ministry since the
establishment of constitutional government.
[195] For text, see end of Appendix.
[196] The word “Meiji” means “Enlightened Rule.”
[197] From Chamberlain’s “Things Japanese.”
[198] From “Japan and America.”
[199] From the “Japan Mail.”
[200] From a Report by U. S. Consul-General Bellows, Yokohama.
[201] From the “Japan Times.”
[202] The first figures in each group represent the end of 1896, and
the second figures the end of 1900.
The grand total of operatives had increased in 1909 to 692,221—240,864
males and 451,357 females.
[203] From a Report by U. S. Consul Lyon, Kōbe.
[204] From “Japan and America,” by Walter J. Ballard. This account,
with a few changes, is retained because of the impressive witness it
bears to the progress of Japan. (Ed.)
[205] With board.
[206] From the “Japan Times,” revised.
[207] From the “Japan Mail.”
[208] In 1910, it was over 14,000,000 _yen_.
[209] From the “Japan Mail.”
[210] From official sources.
[211] Beginning 660 B. C.
[212] Northern Dynasty.
[213] Southern Dynasty.
[214] Empresses in Italics. Bracketed names (Nos. 15 and 99) are
omitted from some lists.
[215] _Go_ is a prefix signifying the second of the name.
[216] From summary of “A Brief Sketch of the History of the Political
Parties in Japan,” by A. H. Lay, in the “Japan Mail.”
[217] Professor Griffin, in discussion of Mr. Lay’s paper.
[218] From the “Japan Times.”
[219] From “The Real Triumph of Japan” (Seaman).
[220] From the “Japan Mail.”
[221] In 1910, it was more than 600,000 tons.
[222] In 1908, it was more than 47,000 men.
[223] From the “Japan Times.”
[224] In 1910, it was more than 1,600,000 tons.
[225] See also Elgar’s paper on “Japanese Shipping” in the Transactions
Japan Society, London.
[226] From the “Japan Times.”
[227] From 28th Annual Report of the Minister of State for Education.
[228] Condensed from “The Chautauquan,” April, 1902.
[229] From the “Japan Mail” and the “Japan Times.”
[230] Later statistics give respectively 83,638—66,689—32,246.
[231] From the “Kōbe Herald.”
[232] From the “Japan Mail.”
[233] Completed in 1908.
[234] U.S. Consul Davidson.
[235] For details concerning what the Japanese have accomplished in
Formosa, see Takekoshi’s “Japanese Rule in Formosa.”