in learning the conditions from which southern emigrants moved.
BLANCHARD, RUFUS. _Discovery and Conquest of the Northwest, with the
History of Chicago. Wheaton: R. Blanchard & Co., 1879. Chicago: Cushing_,
1880. 768 pp. 8vo.
A well-written and valuable book for discovery and conquest, but of little
value for a study of mere immigration before 1831. What it has of
immigration is almost exclusively confined to immigration to the region of
the present Chicago.
——_History of Illinois, to accompany an historical Map of the State.
Chicago: National School Furnishing Company_, 1883. 128 pp.
The text is a disconnected symposium, and has in some cases been
superseded by later research. The map is the most valuable part of the
work. It is 27-½x42-½ inches in size, mounted on heavy cloth, and shows,
with dates, Indian trails, routes of exploring and military expeditions,
early stage and mail routes, historic sites, dates of settlement of the
principal towns.
BONHAM, JERIAH. _Fifty Years’ Recollections with Observations and
Reflections on historical Events, giving Sketches of eminent
Citizens—their Lives and public Services. Peoria: J. W. Franks & Sons_,
1883. 536 pp.
The “fifty years” seem to have begun shortly after 1830. The biographical
sketches, however, give several facts in regard to the origin and
immigration of such early leaders as Coles, Edwards, Reynolds, Carlin, and
others.
BOYD, CARL EVANS. _County of Illinois, The. Am. Hist. Rev._, IV., 623-35.
July, 1899.
A scholarly history of Virginia’s ephemeral County of Illinois, although
in error as to the dates of its beginning and ending, respectively.
BRACKENRIDGE, HENRY MARIE, Esq. _History of the late War between the
United States and Great Britain. Containing a minute Account of the
various military and naval Operations. Baltimore: Cushing, 1817. 4th ed.
Baltimore: Cushing & Jewett_, 1818. xxiv.+348 pp. _6th ed. Philadelphia:
James Kay_, 1839. 298 pp.
Valuable. Several times translated. Impartial. Gives a short account of
the massacre at Fort Dearborn, August 15, 1812.
BROWN, CHARLES R. _The Old Northwest Territory: its Missions, Forts, and
trading Posts. Kalamazoo, Mich.: Brown, Moore & Quale_, 1875. 32 pp.
The work consists of an historical and chronological map (14-½ x 15
inches), and notes upon the 94 sites located upon it. Eleven of the sites
are in Illinois. Valuable and suggestive, although deficient in citation
of authorities.
BROWN, HENRY. _The History of Illinois from its first Discovery and
Settlement to the present Time. New York: J. Winchester_, 1844. vi.+492
pp.
The author confesses to having written in haste and to having borrowed
stories from other states simply to amuse his readers. Worthless except to
furnish a few topics which one may wish to verify. Criticism: _Draper
MSS_., Z No. 2.
BROWN, SAMUEL R. _The Western Gazetteer; or, Emigrant’s Directory, (1817)
containing a geographical Description of the western States and
Territories, viz., the States of Ky., Ind., La., O., Tenn., and Miss., and
the Territories of Ill., Mo., Ala., Mich., and N. Western, with an
Appendix containing Sketches of some of the western Counties of N. Y., Pa.
and Va.; a description of the Gt. Northern Lakes; Indian Annuities, and
Directions to Emigrants. Auburn, N. Y.: H. C. Southwick_, 1817. 360 pp.
Pages 17-35 give an inaccurate description of Illinois’ population and
resources.
BROWN, WILLIAM HUBBARD. _An historical Sketch of the early Movement in
Illinois for the Legalization of Slavery, read at the annual Meeting of
the Chicago Historical Society, Dec. 5, 1864._
_Chicago: Fergus Printing Co._, 1876. 31 pp. _Fergus hist. Series_, No. 4.
8vo. 25 cents.
Especially valuable for the great struggle over slavery in Illinois in
1822-24. First printed in 1865, under the auspices of the Chicago
Historical Society.
BUCKLEY, JAMES MONROE. _A History of Methodists in the United States._
(Volume V. of _American Church History_.) _New York: The Christian
Literature Co._, 1896. xix.+714 pp.
Tells of the founding of Lebanon Seminary, later McKendree College, at
Lebanon, Ill., in 1828.
_Chicago City Directory, for the Year 1855-56, and Northern Illinois
Gazetteer. Chicago: Robert Fergus_, 1855. 150+xxxii.+208+128 pp.
Of slight value for our purpose, although the historical introductions to
the directories of the various cities and towns have a few usable
statements.
_Chicago daily Democratic Press. Railroads, History and Commerce of
Chicago, three Articles. 2d ed. Chicago: Democratic Press Job and Book
Steam Print_, 1854. 80 pp.
Of considerable interest, although many statements are of too late a date
to be used.
_Chicago Magazine. Chicago, Ill._
I., 103-16 (1857), gives an account of the massacre at Fort Dearborn,
August 15, 1812, largely taken from the Kinzie narrative.
_Chicago Sunday Tribune, Nov._ 28, 1897.
New light thrown on Old Fort Dearborn. An account of the finding of
important records in the archives of the U. S. government. The archives
contained the original order for building a fort where Fort Dearborn later
stood (order of 1803), and sketches of Fort Dearborn as early as January,
1808. The sketches are reproduced.
CLARKE, S. C. _Prairie State, The._ (_Atlantic Monthly_, VII., 579-595,
_May_, 1861.)
Well written and treats a large number of subjects.
COPELAND, LOUIS ALBERT, B. L. _The Cornish in southwest Wisconsin._ Pages
301-334 of _Wis. Hist. Coll._, XIV. _Madison, Wis.: Democrat Printing Co.,
State Printer_, 1898.
Gives several facts concerning the early history of the Galena region.
Most of the Cornish, however, came after 1830.
DANA, E. _Geographical Sketches on the Western Country: designed for
Emigrants and Settlers: being the Result of extensive Researches and
Remarks. To which is added a Summary of all the most interesting Matters
on the Subject, including a particular Description of the unsold public
Lands, ... also, a List of the principal Roads. Cincinnati: Looker,
Reynolds & Co._, 1819. 312 pp.
Pages 133-156 are devoted to Illinois. A suggestion of the fraudulent
count in the census of 1818 is given.
——_A Description of the bounty Lands in the State of Illinois: also, the
principal Roads and Routes, by Land and Water, through the Territory of
the United States. Cincinnati: Looker, Reynolds & Co._, 1819. 12mo. 108
pp.
Gives very few references to settlement and few descriptions of historic
sites.
DAVIDSON, ALEXANDER, _and_ STUVÉ, BERNARD. _A complete History of Illinois
from 1673 to 1873; embracing the physical Features of the Country; its
early Explorations, aboriginal Inhabitants; French and British Occupation;
Conquest by Virginia; territorial Condition and the subsequent civil,
military and political Events of the State. Springfield, Ill.: Ill.
Journal Co._, 1874. 944 pp.
Crude, but no specialist in Illinois history should be without it. Not
minute in treatment of immigration.
_Decatur, Macon County, Illinois, History of. Decatur, Ill.: Compiled and
published by Wiggins & Co., Cleveland, O._, 1871. 51 pp.
A symposium without historical merit. Almost exclusively of a later period
than 1830, but tells of the first settlement of the county in 1820.
DRAKE, SAMUEL ADAMS. _The Making of the Ohio Valley States, 1660-1837. New
York: Charles Scribner’s Sons_, 1894. 16mo. 269 pp.
A very few pages are devoted to Illinois, and naturally the larger events
alone are noted.
DREW, BENJAMIN. _The Refugee; or, The Narratives of fugitive Slaves in
Canada. Related by themselves, with an Account of the History and
Condition of the colored Population of Upper Canada. Boston: John P.
Jewett & Co._, 1856. 12mo. 387 pp.
A few of the refugees whose escapes are narrated passed through Illinois
on the Underground Railroad.
EAMES, CHARLES M. _Historic Morgan and Classic Jacksonville. Jacksonville,
Ill.: Daily Journal Steam Job Printing Office_, 1885. 336 pp. In Library
of Chicago Historical Society.
Of great interest because of its details concerning early methods of
travel and concerning the beginnings in Morgan county. Deals with pioneer
and slavery history.
EDWARDS, NINIAN WIRT. _History of Illinois, from 1778 to 1833; and Life
and Times of Ninian Edwards. Springfield, Ill.: Ill. State Journal Co._,
1870. 549 + iii. pp.
Written by the son of Gov. Ninian Edwards. Not in good form, but has much
authentic material.
_Family Magazine: or, Monthly Abstract of general Knowledge. New York,
Boston, Cincinnati._
Volumes IV. (1837) and V. (1839) have short articles on Illinois, which
are too light to be taken seriously.
FARMER, SILAS. _The History of Detroit and Michigan, or the Metropolis
illustrated. A chronological Cyclopedia of the Past end Present, including
a full Record of territorial Days in Michigan and the Annals of Wayne
County. Detroit: Silas Farmer & Co._, 1884. Revised and enlarged, 1890. 2
vols.
Valuable for information concerning Clark, Hamilton, Vigo, and La Balme.
FLAGLER, Major D. W. _A History of the Rock Island Arsenal from its
establishment in 1863 to December, 1876: and of the Island of Rock Island,
the Site of the Arsenal, from 1804 to 1863. Washington: Government
Printing Office_, 1877. 483 pp. 13 plates, 2 pictures.
The first chapter of the book refers to the first white settlement in the
region of Rock Island, about 1828.
FORD, GOV. THOMAS. _A History of Illinois, from its Commencement __ as a
State in 1818 to 1847. Containing a full Account of the Black Hawk War,
the Rise, Progress, and Fall of Mormonism, the Alton and Lovejoy Riots,
and other important and interesting Events. Chicago: S. C. Griggs & Co._,
1854. 447 pp.
As the title indicates, the book is chiefly valuable for a period later
than 1830. It is also largely political. The first one hundred and ten
pages will be found useful and deal to some extent with the social life
when the state was young. Criticism: _Draper MSS._, Z 13.
GERHARD, FRED. _Illinois as it is; its History, Geography, Statistics,
Constitution, Laws, Government, Finances, Climate, Soil, Plants, Animals,
State of Health, Prairies, Agriculture, Cattle-breeding, Orcharding,
Cultivation of the Grape, Timber-growing, Market-prices, Lands and
Land-prices ... etc. Philadelphia: Charles Desilver_, 1857. 451 pp.
Pages 13-137 are devoted to the history of Illinois. The author is
conspicuously accurate and treats a large number of topics. A valuable
secondary work.
_Glimpses of the Monastery. Scenes from the History of the Ursulines of
Quebec during two hundred Years, 1639-1839. By a Member of the Community.
Second edition, completed by Reminiscences of the last fifty Years,
1839-1889. Quebec: L. J. Domers & Frère_, 1897. ix.+418+184 pp.
Pages 84-93 of the first pagination give a suggestive discussion of the
capability of the Indian for civilization.
GREEN, THOMAS MARSHALL. _Historic Families of Kentucky. (First Series.)
Cincinnati: Robert Clarke & Co._, 1889. 304 pp.
Gives a few facts concerning John Todd and John Todd Stuart, who were
active in Illinois. The latter was a cousin of Mary Todd Lincoln and had
much early influence upon Lincoln. The volume deals with McDowells,
Logans, and Allens. Well written and valuable.
HAIGHT, WALTER C., _B. L. The Ordinance of 1787._ (pp. 343-402 of _Pub. of
the Mich. Pol. Sci. Ass’n._ II.), 1896, 1897.
A discussion of the binding effect of the Ordinance of 1787. The question
has a close connection with slavery in Illinois.
HALL, B. F. _The early History of the North Western States, __ embracing
New York, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Iowa and Wisconsin, with
their land Laws, etc., and an Appendix containing the Constitutions of
those States. Buffalo: Geo. H. Derby & Co., 1849._ Duodecimo. 477 pp.
Statements made in this book must be carefully verified. The rise of
conflicting land titles is fairly well treated.
HARRIS, N. DWIGHT, Ph. D. _The History of Negro Servitude in Illinois and
of the slavery Agitation in that State 1719-1864. Chicago: A. C. McClurg &
Co., 1904._ 276 pp.
An erudite work, compiled from many sources previously unused.
HAYES, A. A., Jr. _The Metropolis of the Prairies. (Harper’s New Monthly
Mag._, LXI., 711-730, Oct. 1880).
A readable popular article. Chiefly concerned with events later than 1830.
HEATON, JOHN L. _The Story of Vermont. Boston: D. Lothrop Co., 1889._ 319
pp.
Has an interesting chapter of twenty pages on The Great West. More
reliable than so popular a book usually is.
HENDERSON, JOHN G. _Early History of the __“__Sangamon Country,__”__ being
Notes on the first Settlements in the Territory now comprised within the
Limits of Morgan, Scott and Cass Counties. Davenport, Iowa: Day, Egbert &
Fidlar, 1873._ 33 pp.
Of great interest for a study of early troubles with the Indians. Treats
of East _vs._ South in Illinois and of Regulators. Deals almost
exclusively with the period before 1830. Compiled largely from interviews
with old settlers, hence not wholly reliable.
HINSDALE, BURKE AARON. _The Old Northwest with a View of the thirteen
Colonies as constituted by the royal Charters. New York: Townsend MacCoun,
1888._ 8vo. 440 pp. _2d ed., rev. New York: Silver, Burdett & Co., 1899._
$2.50.
In general only the boldest outlines of immigration to Illinois are
sketched. The slavery struggle in Illinois (1822-24) is treated with
comparative fullness. Criticism: _Boston Herald, July 2, 1888_.
HOSKINS, NATHAN. _A History of the State of Vermont, from its Discovery
and Settlement to the Close of the Year 1830. Vergennes: J. Shedd, 1831._
12 mo. 316 pp.
Tells of the unusually cold summer of 1816.
HOWE, HENRY. _Historical Collections of the great West: containing
Narratives of the most important and interesting Events in western
History—remarkable individual Adventures—Sketches of frontier
Life—Descriptions of natural Curiosities: to which is appended historical
and descriptive Sketches of Oregon, New Mexico, Texas, Minnesota, Utah and
California. Cincinnati: Henry Howe, 1853._ 8vo. 440 pp.
Compiled from a large number of sources, largely secondary.
HUBBARD, GEORGE D. _A Case of geographic Influence upon human Affairs._
Pages 145-157 of _Bulletin of the American Geographical Society_, XXXVI.,
No. 3, _March_, 1904. _Pub. by the Society, New York._
A scientific discussion of the effect of glaciation upon the character of
the people of different portions of Illinois.
HULBERT, ARCHER BUTLER. _Red-Men’s Roads. The Indian Thoroughfares of the
central West. Columbus, Ohio: Fred J. Heer & Co., 1900._ 37 pp.
The book has many maps and is a help toward an understanding of the ways
by which early settlers reached Illinois.
HYNES, Rev. THOMAS W. _History of a Century. An Address delivered at
Greenville, Bond Co., Ill., on July 4, 1876._
A newspaper clipping, bound, without the name of the paper from which it
was taken, in _Illinois Local History Pamphlets_, V., in Library of the
Wisconsin State Historical Society. It contains a valuable historical
letter from Mrs. Almira Morse, a resident as early as 1820.
_Illinois. Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois. Chicago and New York:
Munsell Pub. Co., 1900._ 608 pp.
Edited by Newton Bateman, LL. D., and Paul Selby, A. M. Much more reliable
than many books of the same literary type.
_International Monthly. Burlington, Vt._, IV., 794-820. See Turner,
Frederick Jackson.
JAMES, EDMUND JANES, and LOVELESS, MILO J. _A Bibliography of Newspapers
published in Illinois prior to 1860. Springfield, Ill., Phillips Bros.,
State Printers, 1899._ 94 pp.
A very valuable work. An appendix gives a list of the Illinois and
Missouri papers (1808-1897) in the St. Louis Mercantile Library, while a
second appendix enumerates the county histories of Illinois and tells
where they may be found.
JOHNSON, ERIC and PETERSON, C. F. _Svenskarne i Illinois. Chicago: W.
Williamson, 1880._ 471 pp.
Chiefly valuable for a later period. The salient points of early Illinois
history are canvassed.
KINGDOM, WILLIAM, Jr. _America and the British Colonies, an abstract of
all the most useful Information relative to the United States of America,
and the British Colonies of Canada, the Cape of Good Hope, New South
Wales, and Van Diemen’s Island. London: G. and W. B. Whittaker, 1820._
16mo. 359 pp.
Pages 61-73 describe Illinois and give some judicious advice to emigrants.
Conservative, but not cynical. Entire pages are reprinted from other
authors, notably Fearon, without the use of quotation marks.
KINGSTON, Hon. JOHN T. _Early Western Days._ (In _Wis. Hist. Coll._, VII.,
297-344). _Madison, Wis.: E. B. Bolens, 1876._
Gives a short account of the slavery struggle in Illinois in 1822-24.
—— _Slavery in Illinois. Necedah, Wis.: Necedah Republican._ 6 pp.
Reprinted, without date, in pamphlet form. In Library of State Historical
Society of Wisconsin.
A very short sketch of slavery in Illinois from its introduction in
1719-20.
KIRKLAND, JOSEPH. _The Story of Chicago. Chicago: Dibble Pub. Co., 1892._
470 pp.
The book makes large reference to authorities and is in consequence
valuable for reference.
KÖRNER, GUSTAV. _Das deutsche Element in den Vereinigten Staaten von
Nordamerika, 1818-1848. Cincinnati: A. E. Wilde & Co., 1880._ 16mo. 461
pp.
The 12th chapter (pp. 244-81) treats of German settlement in Illinois.
Tells of the first German and Swiss settlements in the state. Naturally
this chapter and the work as a whole is largely concerned with a period
later than 1830.
LAW, Judge JOHN. _Address delivered before the Vincennes Historical and
Antiquarian Society, February 22, 1839. Louisville, __ Ky.: Prentice &
Weissinger_, 1839. 48 pp. Enlarged and reprinted as _The colonial History
of Vincennes. Vincennes: Harvey, Mason & Co_., 1858. 156 pp.
Of great value on account of its description of Clark’s campaign, and its
notes on Mermet, Gibault, Hamilton, Tecumseh, La Balme, and on the public
lands.
LAWRENCE, JOHN. _The History of the Church of the United Brethren in
Christ. Dayton, Ohio: W. J. Shuey_, 1868. 2 vols. I., vi.+416; II.,
vii.+431 pp.
The book contains many facts concerning early emigration and settlement.
Its bearing on early Illinois history is, however, slight.
LEATON, Rev. JAMES. _History of Methodism in Illinois, from 1793 to 1832.
Cincinnati: Walden & Stowe_, 1883. 410 pp.
Very interesting notes on Peter Cartwright, Jesse Walker, and other
pioneers.
LEE, FRANCIS BAGLEY. _New Jersey as a Colony and as a State. New York: The
Publishing Soc. of New Jersey_, 1902. 4 vols. I., 422; II., 456; III.,
400; IV., 402 pp.
The work is superbly printed and illustrated and contains a vast amount of
information, but is totally lacking in bibliography or references, except
a few indications in the index to the illustrations.
LÖHER, FRANZ. _Geschichte und Zustände der Deutschen in Amerika.
Cincinnati: Eggers & Wulkop_, 1847. v.+544 pp.
The chapters of especial interest to us are “Ausströmen der Yankees,” pp.
237-41; “Einwanderung von 1815 bis 1830,” pp. 253-58; “Die Wohnsitze”
(Illinois and Missouri), pp. 337-40. The author cites many authorities,
and his book is of very great value in the study of the assimilation of an
expatriated people.
LOTHROP, J. S. _J. S. Lothrop’s Champaign County (Ill.) Directory for
1870-1, with History of the same, and of each Township therein. Chicago:
J. S. Lothrop_, 1871.
Tells a great many things—several of which are false—concerning the early
period of Illinois history.
LUSK, D. W. _Eighty Years of Illinois Politics and Politicians, Anecdotes
and Incidents. A succinct History of the State, 1809-1889. 3d ed. Revised
and enlarged. Springfield, Ill.: H. W. Rokker_, 1889. 609+109 pp.
The 609 pages are political. The 109 pages have a great interest, dealing
as they do with the beginnings of Illinois. Secondary sources are largely
quoted. Not exact enough for critical work, yet very suggestive.
M’AFEE, ROBERT B. _History of the late War in the Western Country,
comprising a full Account of all the Transactions in that Quarter, from
the Commencement of Hostilities at Tippecanoe, to the Termination of the
Contest at New Orleans on the Return of Peace. Lexington, Ky.: Worsley &
Smith, 1816._ 8vo. 534 pp.
Very rare. In the Chicago Historical Society Library. A valuable book.
Describes the attack on Fort Dearborn in 1812.
MACKENZIE, E. _An historical, topographical, and descriptive View of the
United States of America, and of Upper and Lower Canada ... the present
State of Mexico and South America, and also of the native Tribes of the
New World. Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Mackenzie & Dent, 1819._ viii. + 432 pp.
The four pages devoted to Illinois are interesting and fairly reliable,
though scarcely up to date. The author mentions eighteen works used in
compiling his book.
MCLAUGHLIN, ANDREW C. _Lewis Cass. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1891._
363 pp. $1.25.
Describes the expedition of General Cass to northern Illinois during the
Sauk outbreak of 1827. Criticism: _Nation_, LIII., 204.
MARIETTA, O. _Report of the Commissioners of the National Centennial
Celebration of the Early Settlement of the Territory North West of the
Ohio River, ... held at Marietta, O., July 15-19, inclusive, 1888.
Columbus, O.: The Westbote Company, State Printers, 1889._ 292 pp.
Contains many speeches of varying historical accuracy and importance.
MASON, EDWARD GAY. _Chapters from Illinois History. Chicago: Herbert S.
Stone, 1901._ 322 pp.
Scholarly and accurate, and rich in citation of sources. Tells of Old Fort
Chartres, John Todd’s Record-Book, the march of the Spaniards across
Illinois, and the Chicago massacre.
—— _March of the Spaniards across Illinois._ (In his _Chapters of Illinois
History, Chicago, 1901_; also in _Mag. of Am. Hist._ N. Y., XV., 457-469,
1886.)
Refers to a number of sources. The march is that of 1781 against St.
Joseph.
MATHER, IRWIN F. _The Making of Illinois. Chicago: A. Flanagan, 1900._ 292
pp.
The work is strong in the number of subjects which it treats. The Illinois
of our period is well covered. The bibliography cites many valuable
sources, but no references are given in the body of the work. The date of
the founding of the village of Kaskaskia is given as 1695—a confusion of
the mission on the Illinois River with the later village of the same name.
MAYO, A. D. _Western Emigration and Western Character._ (_Christian
Examiner_, N. Y., LXXXII., 265-82, 1867.)
The subject is well treated, but the value of the article for our purpose
is not so great as it would have been if confined to the early period.
MEIGS, WILLIAM M. _The Life of Thomas Hart Benton. Philadelphia and
London: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1904._ 535 pp.
The work throws much light upon the policy of the United States in regard
to the sale of public lands, and the attitude of the West towards that
policy.
MELISH, JOHN. _A geographical Description of the United States, with the
contiguous British and Spanish Possessions. Philadelphia: John Melish,
1816._ 182 pp.
A trifle over one page is devoted to Illinois. Of interest only as showing
what was presented to the East at the time concerning Illinois. Melish was
a professional map and gazetteer maker. His work typifies that of the
geographers of the time, who described the world with marvelous audacity.
—— _A geographical Description of the United States, with the contiguous
Countries, including Mexico and the West Indies. Philadelphia: John
Melish, 1822._ v.+491 pp.
Seven pages are devoted to Illinois. The description of several Illinois
towns is useful. This was a second and much improved edition of the
author’s similar work of 1816.
—— _Information and Advice to Emigrants to the United States: and from the
Eastern to the Western States: illustrated by a Map of the United States
and a Chart of the Atlantic Ocean. Philadelphia: John Melish, 1819._ 12mo.
v.+144 pp.
An entire chapter of twenty six pages is devoted to Birkbeck’s settlement
in Illinois. The map shows several routes in Illinois, but it must have
been old. The book is a good type of its class.
MOORE, CHARLES. _The Northwest under three Flags, 1635-1796. New York:
Harper & Bros., 1900._ xxiii. + 402 pp.
Many facts concerning the Illinois of the period are given. This work is
of considerable historical value. References to sources, although not
abundant, are helpful.
MOSES, JOHN. _Illinois, historical and statistical. Comprising the
essential Facts of its Planting and Growth as a Province, County,
Territory, and State. Derived from the most authentic Sources, including
original Documents and Papers. Together with carefully prepared
statistical Tables.... Chicago: Fergus Printing Co., 1889-93._ 2 vols.
1316 pp.
The author was secretary and librarian of the Chicago Historical Society.
His work is perhaps the best that has appeared.
MOWRY, WILLIAM AUGUSTUS. _The territorial Growth of the United States. New
York: Silver, Burdett & Co., 1902._ 225 pp.
The chapter on the Northwest Territory tells of various cessions of land
comprised in the present Illinois.
MURAT, ACHILLE. _America and the Americans. New York: William H. Graham,
1849._ Duodecimo. vii. + 260 pp.
Too late in date to be of much service, although some valuable suggestions
as to the social and political development of the frontier can be
obtained. The writer was an acute observer. He treats politics, slavery,
society, religion, justice, etc. The book was written about 1829.
Describes customs and extra legal proceedings in the West.
_Nashville, Tennessee, History of, with full Outline of the natural
Advantages.... Nashville, Tenn.: Pub. House of the M. E. Church, South,
1890._ 656 pp.
Tells of passage of emigrants from North Carolina to Illinois in 1780, of
French traders from Illinois to Tennessee in 1779, of Tennesseeans getting
head rights from George Rogers Clark.
_North American Review, Boston._
Volume LI., 92-140 (July, 1840) has an exhaustive review of Peck’s
Gazetteer of Illinois. The review is probably of much more historical
interest than the Gazetteer.
PALMER, B. M. _Slavery in Illinois. (Dubuque semi-weekly Telegraph, Tues.,
Sept. 19, 1899.)_
Gives the bill of sale, taken from the county records of Jo Daviess
County, Ill., and executed in that county in 1830, of a negro mother and
child.
PATTERSON, ROBERT WILSON. _Early Society in southern Illinois. Chicago:
Fergus Printing Co._, 1879. Pp. 103-131 of _Fergus historical Series_ No.
14.
A characterization, in general terms, of early Illinois society, its
manners and its origin. This was a lecture read before the Chicago
Historical Society, Oct. 19, 1880.
PECK, Rev. JOHN MASON, _Editor. __“__Father Clark__”__ or the Pioneer
Preacher. Sketches and Incidents of Rev. John Clark, by An Old Pioneer.
New York: Sheldon, Lamport & Blakeman_, 1855. 287 pp.
Gives considerable religious and Indian material for Illinois history from
1790 to 1833, but chiefly on the earlier part of that period.
—— _An historical Sketch of the early American Settlements in Illinois,
from 1780-1800. Read before the Ill. State Lyceum, at its anniversary_,
Aug. 16, 1832. (_Western monthly Mag._, I., 73-83. Feb. 1833.)
Popular, but of some value.
POST, Rev. T. M. [Author of pp. 93-102.] _Contributions to the
ecclesiastical History of Connecticut; prepared under the Direction of the
General Association, to commemorate the Completion of one hundred and
fifty Years since its first annual Assembly. New Haven: Wm. L. Kingsley_,
1861. xiv. + 562 pp.
A symposium. The article by Rev. Mr. Post is on “The Mission of
Congregationalism at the West.” It is suggestive on the moral effects of
frontier life.
POWELL, J. W., Director. _Eighteenth annual Report of the Bureau of
American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution,
1896-97. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1899. Part 2. Indian land
Cessions in the United States compiled by Charles C. Royce, with an
Introduction by Cyrus Thomas_. 521-997 pp. and 67 plates.
Valuable. The work was used in preparing the outline maps of Indian
cessions contained in this work.
REID, HARVEY. _Biographical Sketch of Enoch Long, an Illinois Pioneer.
Chicago: Fergus Printing Co., 1884._ 134 pp. This is Volume II. of the
_Chicago Historical Society’s Collections_.
Mr. Long visited St. Louis and resided at Alton and Galena before 1827.
The book is of great interest on account of its notes on the methods of
travel and the extent of Illinois settlements at that date.
REYNOLDS, JOHN. _Belleville in January, 1854._ A 12-page pamphlet, printed
without place, publisher, or date. In Library of Wisconsin State
Historical Society.
Tells of the laying out of the city in the cornfield of George Blair, in
1814.
—— _A biographical Sketch._ (_Western Journal and Civilian_, XV.,
100-114).
Gives glimpses of early travel and of pioneer life.
—— _The pioneer History of Illinois, containing the Discovery, in 1673,
and the History of the Country to the Year 1818. Belleville, Ill.: N. A.
Randall, 1852. 2d ed., with portrait, notes and index, Chicago: Fergus
Printing Co., 1887._ 459 pp.
Contains much valuable biographical material, and describes the life of
the early settlers in a clear way. Criticism: _Draper MSS._, Z 13, 14.
ROOSEVELT, THEODORE. _The Winning of the West. New York: G. W. Putnam’s
Sons, 1889-96._ Vols. I.-IV.. I., xiv. + 352: II., 427; III., 339: IV.,
363 pp.
Valuable, although bearing marks of haste in preparation. Criticism: _Am.
Hist. Rev._, II., 171.
SANBORN, EDWIN DAVID. _History of New Hampshire, from its Discovery to the
Year 1830. Manchester, N. H.: John B. Clarke, 1875._ 422 pp.
Describes the unusually cold summer of 1816 and its effect upon western
migration. The book is written in an extremely disconnected style, and is
without index, references, or bibliography.
SERGEANT, THOMAS, Esq. _View of the land Laws of Pennsylvania. With
Notices of its early History and Legislation. Philadelphia: James Kay,
Jr., and Brother. Pittsburgh: John I. Kay & Co., 1838._ 13 + 203 pp.
Valuable for ascertaining the price at which Pennsylvania public lands,
which competed with government lands in the West, were sold.
SHALER, NATHANIEL SOUTHGATE. _Kentucky. A pioneer Commonwealth. Boston:
Houghton, Mifflin & Co., 1885._ viii. + 433 pp.
Useful as giving an insight into the character of a neighboring state from
which many of the early settlers of Illinois came. One of the best of the
American Commonwealths series.
SHEA, JOHN GILMARY. _History of the Catholic Church in the United States,
1808-1843. New York: John G. Shea, 1890._ vii. + 731 pp.
References to Illinois are very few, but are important. The volume is the
third in the author’s four-volumed History of the Catholic Church in the
United States.
SIEBERT, WILBUR HENRY. _The Underground Rail Road from Slavery to Freedom;
with an Introduction by Albert Bushnell Hart. New York; The Macmillan Co.,
1898._ viii. + iii. + 478 pp.
Has notes of great interest on the U. G. R. R. in Illinois before 1830.
Criticism: _Am. Hist. Rev._, IV., 557.
SMITH, THEODORE CLARKE. _The Liberty and Free Soil Parties in the
Northwest. New York: Longmans, Green & Co., 1897._ vii. + 351 pp.
(_Harvard Hist. Studies_, VI.)
A well-written book, but only the first chapter concerns the period before
1830. This chapter is, however, well worth attention.
STEINHARD, S. _Deutschland und sein Volk. Gotha: Hugo Scheube, 1856-7._ 2
vols. I., x. + 658; II., 826 pp.
Pages 28-46 of volume II. are on the Germans in the United States and
contain a few important facts, including statistics, for our period. The
Vandalia (Ill.) settlement of 1820 is mentioned.
STEVENS, ABEL, LL. D. _History of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the
United States of America. New York: Phillips & Hunt, 1884._ 4 vols. I.,
423; II., 511; III., 510; IV., 522 pp.
The fourth volume of this history has interesting notes on Benjamin Young
and Jesse Walker, respectively. These men came to Illinois as pioneer
ministers; the former in 1804, the latter in 1806.
STRONG, MOSES M., A. M. _History of the Territory of Wisconsin, from 1836
to 1848. Preceded by an Account of some Events __ during the Period in
which it was under the Dominion of Kings, States or other Territories,
previous to the Year 1836. Madison, Wis.: Democrat Printing Co., State
Printers_, 1885. 16mo. 637 pp.
A valuable book. Its chief interest for us is its sketches of early
settlement in the Galena lead region.
SULTE, BENJAMIN. _Histoire des Canadiens-Français, 1608-1880. Montreal:
Wilson & Cie._, 1882-4. 8 vols. 8vo. About 160 pp. per vol. _Montreal:
Granger Frères._ 40 parts, paper, $10; 4 vols, cloth.
Gives only slight attention to the French of Illinois. A popular work, but
quite useful for a study of social institutions.
SUMMERS, THOMAS O. _Biographical Sketches of eminent itinerant Ministers
distinguished, for the most Part, as Pioneers of Methodism within the
Bounds of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. Nashville, Tenn.:
Southern Methodist Publishing House_, 1859. 374 pp.
Pages 48-56 give a character sketch of Jesse Walker and an idea of the
character of the men to whom he preached in Illinois in 1807.
SWAYNE, WAGER. _The Ordinance of 1787; and the War of 1861. An Address
delivered before the N. Y. Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal
Legion. New York: C. G. Burgoyne_, [c. 1893]. 90 pp.
Contains interesting notes on George Rogers Clark and on slavery in
Illinois.
THOMSON, JOHN LEWIS. _Historical Sketches of the late War between the
United States and Great Britain. Philadelphia: Thos. Desilver_, 1816. 359
pp. _5th ed._, 1818.
Contains one of the earliest accounts of the massacre at Fort Dearborn,
August 15, 1812. The account is short, but tolerably correct. The work was
reprinted in 1887 [Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co.], with a short
account of the war with Mexico added. 656 pp.
THOMPSON, ZADOCK. _History of the State of Vermont, from its earliest
Settlement to the Close of the Year 1832. Burlington: Edward Smith_, 1833.
12mo. 252 pp. _Reprinted with natural Hist. of Vt. and Gazetteer of Vt.
Burlington: Zadock Thompson_, 1853. 8vo. 224+224+200+63 pp.
Describes the cold season of 1816-17.
THWAITES, REUBEN GOLD. _Early Lead-mining in Illinois and Wisconsin._
Pages 191-196 of _Am. Hist. Ass’n. Rep’t._, 1893. _Washington: Government
Printing Office_, 1894.
Contains several interesting statements concerning the early history of
the Galena region.
TUCKER, GEORGE. _Progress of the United States in Population and Wealth in
fifty Years, as exhibited by the decennial Census. Boston: Little & Brown,
1843._ 12mo. 211 pp.
The fifty years were 1790-1840. Very useful for material concerning the
relative growth of different sections of the country.
TURNER, FREDERICK JACKSON. _Middle West, The._ _International Monthly_,
IV., 794-820 (1901).
The article has a few suggestions that are of value for our period.
—— _The Significance of the Frontier in American History._ Pages 199-227
of _Rep’t. of Am. Hist. Ass’n., 1893_.
Contains a valuable characterization of the French as colonizers.
VARNEY, GEORGE JONES. _A brief History of Maine. Portland, Me.: McLellan,
Mosher & Co., 1888._ 336 pp.
Tells of the intense cold of 1816-17 and of the great Western exodus. A
“Young People’s History.” Popular. Without references.
WALKER, EDWIN SAWYER. _History of the Springfield (Illinois) Baptist
Association. Springfield, Ill.: H. W. Rokker, 1881._ 140 pp.
Tells of the organization of the United Baptist Church, of Springfield, on
July 17, 1830, with eight members.
WALLACE, JOSEPH. _The History of Illinois and Louisiana under the French
Rule, embracing a general View of the French Dominion in North America,
with some Account of the English Occupation of Illinois. Cincinnati:
Robert Clarke & Co., 1893._ vi. + 433 pp.
Contains a great deal of material. Usually, though not always, correct.
WARDEN, DAVID BAILLIE. _A statistical, political and historical Account of
the U. S. of N. A.; from the period of their first Colonization to the
present Day. Edinburgh: Archibald Constable & Co., 1819._ 3 vols. 16mo.
I., lxiv. + 552; II., 571; III., 588 pp.
Pages 43-65 of Volume III. deal with Illinois exclusively. At the close of
the chapter the author gives a bibliography for Illinois—five titles and
two maps. A useful book.
WENTWORTH, Hon. JOHN. _Early Chicago. Two Lectures delivered April 11,
1875, and May 7, 1876, respectively._ 48 and 56 pp. Nos. 8 and 7 of
_Fergus historical Series. Chicago: Fergus Printing Co., 1876._
The critical supplemental notes are of especial interest.
WEST, MARY ALLEN. _A MS. Letter in the Illinois State Historical Library._
Tells the story of the coming of James Moore and his party from Virginia
in 1781.
_Western monthly Magazine. Conducted by James Hall. Cincinnati_, I.,
73-83. _See_ Peck, Rev. John Mason.
WHITE, EMMA SIGGINS. _Genealogy of the Descendants of John Walker of
Wigton, Scotland, with Records and some fragmentary Notes pertaining to
the History of Virginia, 1600-1902. Tiernan-Dart Printing Co., 1902._ xxx.
+ 722 pp.
Valuable. Has original letters from Western emigrants. Suggests the great
influx of people into Illinois in the third decade of the 19th century.
Gives a good idea of the westward drift of population in the United
States.
WHITON, JOHN MILTON. _Sketches of the History of New-Hampshire, from its
Settlement in 1623 to 1833. Concord: Marsh, Capen & Lyon, 1834._ 222 pp.
Describes the great cold of 1816 and the great emigration to the West. An
unimportant work, confessedly popular, and without references.
WILBUR, LA FAYETTE. _Early History of Vermont. Jericho, Vt.: Roscoe
Printing House, 1899-1903._ 4 vols. I., 362; II., 419; III., 397; IV., 463
pp.
Pages 162-3 of Volume III. tell of the unusual cold of 1816-17 and quote
Governor Galusha’s reference to the impending famine. No references are
given.
WILLIAMS, GEORGE WASHINGTON. _History of the Negro Race in America from
1619-1880. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1882._ 2 vols. I., X. + 481;
II., 611 pp. The two volumes are also issued as one.
Gives some statistics concerning slaves in Illinois and notes on Illinois
slavery legislation. The author was a negro.
WILLIAMSON, WILLIAM DURKEE. _The History of the State of Maine: from its
first Discovery, A. D. 1602, to the Separation, A. D. 1820. inclusive.
Hallowell: Glazier, Masters & Co._, 1832. 2 vols. I., iv. + 696; II., 729
pp.
Tells of the unusual cold of 1816-17 and of the great movement toward the
West. Strong in citation of authorities. Much above the average of State
histories of its time.
WILSON, HENRY. _History of the Rise and Fall of the slave Power in
America. Boston: James R. Osgood & Co._, 1872-7. 3 vols. I., vii. + 670;
II., 720: III., 774 pp. _Houghton._ 3 vols.
Valuable material on slavery in Illinois. A strong work.
WINSOR, JUSTIN. _The westward Movement: the Colonies and the Republic west
of the Alleghanies, 1673-98; with full cartographical Illustrations from
contemporary Sources. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co._, 1897. 595 pp.
Criticism: _Am. Hist. Rev._, III., 556.
WITHERS, ALEXANDER SCOTT. _Chronicles of border Warfare, or A History of
the Settlement by the Whites, of North-western Virginia: and of the Indian
Wars and Massacres, in that Section of the State. Clarksburg, Va.: Joseph
Israel_, 1831. 319+iv. pp. Very rare. _Same. New ed., edited and annotated
by Reuben Gold Thwaites. Cincinnati: Clarke_, 1895.
A few references are to events in Illinois. Criticism: _Am. Hist. Rev._,
I., 170.
YOUNG, WILLIAM T. _Life and public Services of General Lewis Cass. 2d ed.
Detroit: Markham & Elwood_, 1852. 420 pp.
Tells of Gen. Cass’ expedition to Illinois during the trouble with the
Sauk Indians in 1827.
INDEX.
A
Aboite river, 35.
Act creating Illinois county, 9, 15.
Act enabling Illinois to form a state government, 115.
Agricultural Society, formed, 168.
Agriculture, 130, 165. _See also_ Farming, Fruits, etc.
Albemarle county, _Va._, 153, 154.
Alton, founding of, 196, 204;
land donations for church and school, 142.
Alvord, Clarence W., 5.
American Bottom, 130, 134, 157; map, _in pocket_.
American Fur Company, 157, 158.
American House, Springfield, 207.
Anarchy in Illinois, 40 _et seq._;
ended, 69.
Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, founded, 194.
Anderson, Robert, mention, 207.
Antanya, Michael, 67.
Anti slavery agitation. _See under_ Slavery.
Anti slavery Society, Morgan Co., 183.
Arkansas Post, 63.
Arks, 125, 126;
price of, 161.
_See also_ Flat-boats.
Assenisipia, mention, 46.
Augusta county, _Va._, 15.
Austin, Moses, 196.
B
Bagargon, _Mr._, elected magistrate, 61.
Baker, David J., 145.
Baltimore, 123, 160, 161.
Bandits, 155.
Bank of Cairo, 114.
Bank of Edwardsville, 207.
Bank of Mt. Carmel, 199.
Baptists, organized, 172;
found Shurtleff college, 174;
divided on slavery, 175.
Barbour, Philip, mention, 40.
Barges, 94, 129, 160.
Barter, 130. _See also under_ Money.
Bates, Edward, 204.
Batteaux, 94.
Baynton, Wharton and Morgan, trading firm, 10.
Bears, 14, 173.
Beauchamp, William, 197, 198.
Beef, cost of, 164.
Bellefontaine, 51.
Bellevue, Iowa, terrorized by mob, 208.
Bentley, _Capt._, 26.
Biddle, Nicholas, mention, 209.
Biggs, William, leg. coun., 113.
Birds, 14.
Birkbeck, Morris, founds English settlement, 124;
method of fencing, 165.
Birkbeck’s Settlement. _See_ English Settlement, The.
Black Hawk, 81.
Black Hawk War, 146;
mention, 207.
“Black Laws,” 176, 186.
“Blue Laws,” of Mt. Carmel, 200.
Blue Point, 157.
Bond, Shadrach, delegate to Congress, 113;
governor of Illinois, 145, 208.
Books, 132.
Bosseron, _Maj._ F., 18, 24.
Bountylands. _See_ Military bounty lands.
Brady, ——, 38.
Brandy, price of, 97.
Brashears, _Capt._, mention, 26.
Brick houses, 131.
Bridges, 114.
British at Michilimackinac attempt to divert Indian trade, 69;
expeditions against Illinois settlers, 31-39, 107.
British Michilimackinac Company, 49.
Buffalo, 14.
Building, cost of, 168.
Burr, Aaron, mention, 203.
Butter, price of, 164.
C
Cahokia, attacked by British and Indians, 33;
bounty lands, 57;
commons, 72;
court, 17;
distress at, 25;
population, 12.
Cahokia Indians, 53.
Cairo, Bank of, 114;
dykes at, 114.
Calhoun, original name of Springfield, 207.
Calico, price of, 130.
Calvé, ——, trader, 33.
Canadian French settlers, 19.
Canal route ceded, 110.
Carbonneaux, Francis, 42-46.
Carlyle, eastern limit of frontier, 107;
salt discovered, 18, 23, 171.
Carolinas, The, settlers from, 91.
Carondelet, _Baron_ de, orders expulsion of Americans from Ft. Massac, 73.
Cartwright, Peter, journey to Baltimore, 1816, 123;
personal traits, 191, 192;
purchases land, 139;
reasons for moving to Illinois, 166;
representative from Sangamon Co., 191.
Cass, _Gov._ Lewis, averts Indian war, 135;
protects Galena, 150.
Catholicism, slow increase of, 175.
Cattle, allowed to run at large, 20;
raising of, 130.
_See also_ Live-stock.
Census of 1801, 88.
Cessions of land, by Indians, 44, 79-81, maps, 72, 104, 136;
by individuals, 10, 24, 71, 196;
by Virginia to United States, 45, 46;
congressional, 57, 70, 72, 79.
Charleston, _Va._, emigration from to Illinois, 190.
Chicago, in 1830, 190;
massacre at, 109;
platted, 142;
post-office, 151;
route to, 152;
valuable port, 116.
Chicago Historical Society, 5, 11.
Chicago river, Indians cede tract six miles square at, 79.
Chickasaws, allies of Spain, 73.
Chippewa Indians, 134.
Cincinnati, trip from to Illinois, 1823, 154.
Clark, George Rogers, 14, 40, 45 _et seq._;
land granted to, 46;
seizes Spanish goods, 54.
Clay, Henry, mention, 210.
Clergy, 174, 175, 196.
Climate, 95.
Clinton, De Witt, mention, 203.
Coal, in Illinois, 14, 131, 142, 165.
Cobbett, William, 160.
Coffee, price of, 130.
Coles, _Gov._ Edward, character, 210;
emancipates slaves, 209;
governor, 145, 208;
message against slavery, 183;
special envoy to Russia, 209;
urges law to prevent kidnapping, 182.
College township, reserved by Ordinance of 1787, 101, 102.
Colleges, McKendree, 174;
Shurtleff, 174.
Collot, _Gen._ [George Henry] Victor, “Journey in N. A.,” 14, etc.;
Map of the Country of the Illinois, _in pocket_.
Commerce in territorial period, 95, 96, 129.
Committee of Workingmen of Wheeling, _Va._, 144.
Commodities, prices of, 49, 59, 130, 164.
Commons, Cahokia, 72.
Congress, delegate of N. W. Territory in, 76. 77;
donates land, 142;
early Illinoisians in, 146;
memorialized:—by Galena, 150;
by Illinois, 87, 100, 101, 138;
petitioned, 53, 74, 75, 77, 78, 81, 86, 88.
Constitution of Illinois, provisions of, 117.
Constitutional Convention, 1824, 182, 183;
votes for and against, chart of, 184.
Cook, Daniel P., non-resident proprietor of Springfield, 205;
representative in Congress, 145.
Corn, price of, 96, 164.
Cotton, production of, in United States 122, 129;
raised in Illinois, 167, 168.
Counterfeiting, penalty for, 148.
Counties in Illinois, 1824, list of, 183.
Courts, 15, 17, 60, 62.
_See also_ under Illinois, Kaskaskia, Vincennes.
Cox, _Col._ Thomas, joint owner of Springfield, 206-208.
Crawford, William Henry, _Secretary of __ War_, announces land policy,
109.
Crockett, David, mention, 205.
Croghan, George, description of Vincennes, 13.
Cruzat, _Spanish Commandant at St. Louis_, 39.
Cumberland Presbyterians, 143.
D
Dalton, _Capt._, 34;
elected magistrate, 61.
Dartmouth College, mention, 206.
Davis, Jefferson, mention, 207.
Deane, Silas, mention, 34.
Debtors, imprisonment of, 147.
Deer, 14.
Demoulin, Dumoulin, _or_ De Moulin, John, 74.
Demunbrunt, Demunbrun, _or_ De Munbrun, Thimothé, 22, 41.
Detroit, land office at, 80;
mention, 190;
threatened by de la Balme, 35, 36.
Dickinson College, mention, 210.
Dixon’s ferry. _See_ Ogee’s ferry.
Dodge, _Capt._ John, 22-23, 26-27, 67.
Ducharme, _trader_, 33.
Ducoigne, ——, 68.
Duncan, Joseph, 145.
E
Easton, Joseph, emigrant from England, 1633, 203.
Easton, Rufus, founder of Alton, 203;
political career, 204.
Edgar, John, career of, 174, 193, 194;
correspondence concerning anarchy in Illinois, 67;
land holdings of, 10, 101;
letter to St. Clair, 85.
Edwards, Ninian, appointed governor of Illinois Territory, 111, 113, 145;
in War of 1812, 107, 108;
message of 1828, 149;
on prices of public lands, 138;
political career of, 210;
wages offered by, 130.
Edwards county, Birkbeck’s settlement in. _See_ English Settlement.
Edwardsville, Bank of, 207;
public lands at, 105, 137.
Ellery, Abm. R., mention, 203.
Emancipation. _See under_ Slavery.
Emigration and immigration, 127, 176 _et seq_.;
causes of:—from New England, 120,
from the South, 121, 189;
cost of, 124;
food supply for emigrants, 119, 133;
increase, 180;
opposition to immigration, 91.
English Settlement, The, 124, 157, 161, 169;
cost of transportation to, 100;
ships produce to New Orleans 154.
_See also_ Birkbeck, Morris; _also_ Flower, George.
Enos, Pascal Paoli, joint proprietor of Springfield, 205, 206.
Enos, _Maj.-Gen._ Roger, 206.
Ernst, Ferdinand, mention, 167.
Extinguishment of Indian land titles, 77, 79, 81, 109, 144, 146.
F
Falls of Ohio, 30, 64, 65, 160, 162.
_See also_ Ft. Harmar;
_also_ Shipping-port.
Farming methods 168.
Federal Government owns land, 158.
Fencing, 165 n., 169.
Ferguson, Thomas, leg. coun., 13.
Ferries, 83, 114, 152.
Fever, 95.
_See also under_ Health.
Fever river, 134;
lead mines at, 150.
Financial panic, 1819, 188-189.
Fisher, _Dr._ George, rep., 113.
Fisher, Myers, mention, 195.
Flat-boats, 94, 124, 125, 129, 154, 160.
_See also_ Arks.
Flax, 129.
Florida, Province of, 71.
Flour, price of, 49, 50, 94, 163, 164.
Flour-mills, 167;
built by John Edgar, 193.
Flower, George, 124.
_See also_ English Settlement.
Food, scarcity, 21-23, 25, 28, 30;
supply of, 133.
_See also under_ names of food products.
Fort Chartres, cannon from, 108;
inhabitants, 12.
Fort Dearborn, massacre at, 109;
mention, 190.
Fort Edwards, terminus of mail route, 151.
Fort Harmar, 64.
Fort Jefferson, 24, 25, 30.
Fort La Motte, mention, 107.
Fort Massac, 73, 79, 95, 107.
Fort Nelson, mention, 32.
Fort Russell, established, 108.
Fort Stanwix, mention, 56.
Fort Wayne, Treaty of, 79.
Fox Indians, 33, 81.
Fox river, first flour-mill on, 167.
Franklin, Benjamin, mention, 34, 195.
_Fredonian_, mention, 197.
Free masons, organized, 194
Freehold qualifications, 77, 112, 113.
Freeholders, housekeepers privileged as, 147.
Freight charges, 94, 124, 160 _et seq._
French, Augustus C., 145.
French settlers, attitude toward Americans, 47-49;
land holdings 13, 18, 99;
misled by La Balme, 34;
offered free land by Spanish, 55;
priests, emigrate from Illinois co., 68;
towns, character of, 11.
French-Swiss from Lord Selkirk’s colony reach Galena, 172.
Frontier, The, 48, 91, 100, 147, 206;
Carlyle eastern limit of, 107.
Frontiersman, analysis of character of, 191, 201, 202.
Fruit, 129, 133, 168.
Fuel, scarcity of, 131.
Fulton county separated from Madison, 188.
Fur trade, 96.
_See also_ American Fur Company.
Furs, 130.
G
Gage, _Gen._ Thomas, 10.
Galena, 150-53; lead-mining, 172.
Gallatin county, saline, 170;
slaves in, 180.
Game, 14, 51, 132.
Gamelin, Antoine, clerk of District Court, Post Vincennes, 60.
George, _Capt._ Robert, mention, 40.
Germain, _Lord_ George, mention, 32.
Gibault, _Father_ Pierre, mention, 68.
Governor and judges, 58, 62.
Grammar, John, rep., 113.
Grand Ruisseau, 52.
Granger, _Postmaster-General_ Gideon, mention, 203.
Gratiot, Charles, 39.
Great Britain, King’s proclamation, 1763, 10.
Great Western Road, 157.
Greene county, separated from Madison, 188.
Greenville, Treaty of, 79.
H
Hamilton, Alexander, 138;
mention, 91.
Hamilton, _Gen._, leads British against Vincennes, 15.
Hampden Sidney College, mention, 209.
Hamtramck, _Maj._ John F., at Kaskaskia, 53;
petitioned for troops, 65.
Hancock, John, mention, 34.
Harmar, _Gen._ Josiah, 50; advice to French, 52;
expedition from Vincennes to Kaskaskia, 51;
on emigration from Illinois, 64;
refuses request for troops, 69.
Harrison, Benjamin, 40;
receives petition for General Assembly, 85.
Health, 27, 91, 95.
Henry, Mr., elected magistrate, 61.
Henry, Patrick, 209;
instructions concerning Illinois County, 9.
Hinde, Thomas S., career in Illinois, 196, 197;
description of Peter Cartwright, 192.
Hog raising, 14, 20.
Hogs, 144.
Honey, 129, 130, 133.
Hooker, _Rev._ Thomas, founder of Hartford, _Conn._, 203.
Horse stealing, 65, 67, 69.
Hubbard, Adolphus Frederick, 210.
Hubbard, Gurdon Saltonstall, agent American Fur Company, 157.
Hubbard’s Trail, extent of, 157.
Hunting, as occupation, 132.
Huron (Ouisconsin or Wisconsin) Territory, claims Galena, 150.
I
Iles, Elijah, career of, 205, 206.
Iles, Elizabeth Crockett, mention, 205.
Illinois:—
_Country_, British in, 10 _et seq._;
climate, 14, 95;
Collot’s description of, 14;
map, _in pocket_:
conditions in 1787, 50, 51;
development, 97, 98;
enters second grade of territorial government, 85, 86;
French population, 10, 12, 13, 30;
French settlers offered free land by Spanish, 55;
game in, 14, 51;
governor and judges, 58;
Indian owners of, 10 _et __ seq._;
inhabitants of, 12, 13;
immigration to, 91, 92;
labor conditions in, 96, 97;
population in 1767, 1772, 1788, 70;
in 1790, 1800, 1810; 91, 97;
racial conflicts in, 54, 55;
rivers of, 92, 94;
roads, 13, 14, 93, 94, 131;
separation from Indiana, 85 _et seq._;
squatters in, 71.
_County_ (1778-1783), Act creating, 9, 15;
Act renewed, 25;
Act dissolved, 31;
anarchy, 40 _et seq._;
anomalous position, 18;
bankrupt, 40;
civil organization, 15;
condition in 1780, 25, 26;
courts, 15;
extent of, 9, 10;
French inhabitants dissatisfied, 30;
hardships in early period, 21, 22;
judges, election of, 17;
military and civil authorities conflict, 25-27;
military operations, 19, 22-24, 32-39;
money scarce, 21;
Spanish claims, 38.
_Territory_, books in, 132;
boundaries, 90;
cattle raising, 130;
commerce in, 96, 129;
delegates in Congress, 113;
election of officials, 112;
enters second grade of territorial government, 112;
extent, 89;
formed, 89-90;
governor and judges, 111, 113;
immigration to, 120, 121, 124, 126, 132;
Indian troubles in, 106 _et seq._;
internal improvements proposed, 114;
internal revenue, 1814, 128;
judges for, 111;
land office authorized, 103;
land policy, 111;
laws, 111, 112, 114;
legislature, 100, 113;
legislature southern in nativity, 112 n., 113;
manufactures, 1810, 128, 129;
newspapers in, 132;
petitions for state government, 115;
physical features, 86;
population, 1810, 91;
post-roads, 131;
productions, 129 _et seq._, 133;
qualifications for representative, 113;
slavery, _see_ general alphabet;
suffrage in, 112;
taxes, 133;
transportation, 114, 129, 130.
_State_, admission proposed, 115, opposed, 118;
agriculture in 1820, 165;
“Black Laws,” 176, 186;
boundary, eastern, 90, northern, 115;
cattle raising, 130;
cessions of Indian lands, 134, 135;
coal in, 14, 142, 165;
constitution completed, 117;
cost of living in, 130;
counties, list of, 183;
debtors, 147;
election in 1822, 181;
election laws, 1826, 148;
emigration, _see_ General alphabet;
Enabling Act of 1818, 115;
food supplies, 133;
government southern in character, 145;
governors, list of, 145;
House of Representatives, mention, 185;
in Congress, 118, 146;
Indian agents, 134;
Indian land claims, 134, 135;
Indian traders, 134;
Indian wars, 146, 207;
internal revenue, 128;
judicial circuit, 173;
land, _see_ general alphabet;
laws, southern influence on, 186;
manners and customs, 128 _et seq._, 165;
manufactures, 128;
money, substitutes for, 130;
New Englanders in, 146;
newspapers, 132;
northern boundary changed, 115;
population required for admission, 116, 117;
postal facilities in, 151, 158, 159;
products of, 129, 167 _et seq._;
public lands, 136;
salt springs legislation, 101;
school tax, 148;
senators and representatives, 145;
settlement typical, 5;
slavery, _see_ general alphabet;
southern influence in, 183, 184, 186;
taxation, 1828, compared with that of Kentucky, 149, 150;
transportation, cost of, 150; facilities, 124, _see also_ general
alphabet;
treasury receipts 149;
squatter population, 148;
voting in 1820, 148.
Illinois and Michigan Canal, estimated cost of transportation by, 141;
route ceded, 110;
mention, 115.
Illinois Company, holdings of, 10, 44.
Illinois Herald, 132.
Illinois Intelligencer, 132, 140.
Illinois Land Company, 10 _et seq._
Illinois river settlements, 134.
Illinois Navigation Company, 114, 115.
Illiteracy of French inhabitants, 13.
Immigration. _See with_ Emigration.
Indentured servitude, 117, 176 _et seq._
Indian agents, 134.
Indians, 11, 12;
employed by British, 32;
land cessions, maps: 1705-1801, 72;
1809-1818, 104;
1818-1830, 136;
reservations, 134, 135;
titles to land extinguished, 77, 79, 81, 109, 144, 146;
traders, 134;
tribes: Cahokias, 52;
Chickasaws, 73;
Chippewas, 134;
Foxes, 33, 81;
Kaskaskias, 12;
Kickapoos, 110;
Menominees, 134;
Mitchas, 52;
Mitchigamias, 12;
Ottawas, 135;
Ouias, 29;
Peorias, 12, 52;
Piankashaws, 81;
Potawatomies, 134;
Sauks, 33, 81;
Sioux, 31;
Tamarois, 110;
Winnebagoes, 135.
Indiana, population, 91, 181;
route to, from North Carolina, 156;
slavery, 185.
Indiana Territory, divided, 81, 88, 89;
formed, 84.
J
Jacksonville, 156;
English emigrants at, 189.
Jarrott’s mill, 167.
Jefferson, Thomas, mention, 203, 204.
Johnson, _Capt._ elected magistrate, 61.
Johnson, _Col._ R. M., 163.
Jones, John Rice, career of, 195, 196;
death, 196;
mention, 68;
with Clark, 54.
Jones, _Rev._ William, rep., 113.
Judges, election of, 17, 58, 111.
Judy, Samuel, leg. coun., 113.
Jurors paid, 58.
Jury, trial by, 60.
Justices of the peace, not paid, 23.
K
Kane, Elias K., 145.
Kaskaskia, bounty lands, 57;
court, 17, 19;
judicial district of, 44;
land office at, 103, 136, 137, 138, 143.
Kaskaskia Indians, 12.
Keel-boats, 125, 129;
rates, 161.
Kenton, Simon, 179.
Kentucky, emigration to Illinois, 189;
journey from, to Illinois, 1819, 155;
mention, 21, 24, 32, 33, 189;
population, 1790, 1800, 1810, 91, 93;
1820, 181.
Kentucky boats, 93, 94.
_Kentucky Gazette_, 189.
Kickapoo Indians, 110.
Kidnapping of negroes, 186.
King’s proclamation, 1763, 10.
Knox county, 75 n., 86.
Kohos (Cahokia), mention, 27.
L
La Balme, _Col._ Augustin Mottin de, career of, 33 _et seq._
Labor questions, 96, 97, 99, 130, 169.
Lafayette, _Marquis_ de, entertained by John Edgar, 193;
mention, 209.
Lake Michigan, advantages to Illinois of port on, 115, 116.
Land, Act of 1791, 72; canal, 141, 142;
cessions by Indian tribes, 72, 104, 110, 136;
cession by Virginia to U. S., 45, 46;
church and school, 141, 142;
classified for taxation, 84;
cultivation of, 166;
fertility of, 14, 165;
form of holdings, 13, 38;
French deeds to, 13;
government entry of, 130;
Kickapoo cession of, 1819, 134;
military, 100;
owned by Federal Government, 158;
prices, 57, 80, 88, 92, 103-5, 136-8, 143;
rental of, 166;
Spanish donate to French, 55;
tavern sites, 75;
taxes on, 130;
unoccupied in Kentucky, Ohio and Indiana, 98.
_See also_ Public lands.
Land-claims, 10;
in Illinois, 140.
Land-companies, 10, 11.
Land-frauds, referred to Congress, 99, 100.
Land-grants, investigated, 57.
Land-holders, non-resident, mention, 140, 145.
Land-offices 80;
in Illinois, 44 _et seq._, 103.
Land-titles, insecure, 51, 71;
King’s proclamation, 1763, 10.
Laws: “Black Laws,” 176, 186;
“Blue Laws,” 200;
territorial, 111-14.
La Valiniere, Pierre Huet de, mention, 68.
Lead, output of, 1823-1827, 151.
Lead region, rush to, 1826, 172.
Le Dru, removes to St. Louis, 68;
signs petition, 66.
Le Grand, signature on land grant, 45.
Legras, _Col._ P., at Vincennes, 18.
Limestone beds at Alton, 204.
Lincoln, Abraham, in Black Hawk War, 207.
Linctot, 38 n., 39 n.
Live-stock, 27, 83, 169. _See also_ Cattle.
Log canoes, 93.
Log houses, cost of, 168.
Long Prairie, 74.
Louis XVIII. of France, mention, 209.
Louisiana, emigration to, 86;
province of, 91.
_Louisiana Gazette_, report of steamboat speed, 162.
Luzerne, _Chevalier_, 30, 36.
Lyon, Matthew, on price of lands, 88.
M
McCarty, Richard, 19, 20, 26, 27;
killed, 29.
McDowell, William, 196.
McIlvaine, _Miss_ Caroline M., 5.
McKendree College, opened by Methodists in 1828, 174.
McLean, John, 145.
McMaster, John Bach, 5.
Madison, _Governor of Kentucky_, 197.
Madison, James, mention, 209.
Madison, John, 196.
Madison county, population 1820, 1824, 1825, 132, 188.
Magistrates, 59 _et seq._, 67.
Mail routes 1825-1830, 158, 159.
Malaria, 91, 95.
Manufactures, 128, 129.
Maple sugar, 129.
Marietta, O., 71.
Marriage, mixed, 51;
without priest, 12.
Mary of the Incarnation, _Mother_, 11.
Maryland, settlers from, 91.
Mason and Dixon’s line, 179.
Massachusetts, emigration to Illinois, 189.
Mechanics’ lien, 149.
Menard, Pierre, leg. coun., 113, 208;
Lt.-Gov., 145.
Menominee Indians, 134.
Methodist Episcopal Church, 174;
mention, 191.
Meurin, _Father_, mention, 12.
Michigan, legislature meets in summer, 152.
Michilimackinac, British at, 32, 39, 46, 47, 69.
Miliet, _Mr._, elected magistrate, 61.
Military bounty lands, 57.
Military organization, etc. _See under_ Illinois.
Military Tract, land in, sold for taxes, 140.
Mills, 83, 167.
Miro, Estevan, _Governor of Louisiana and Florida_, proclamation of, 63,
71.
Mississippi river, navigation of, 21;
settlement on hindered, 88.
Missouri, population, 82, 181;
slavery in, 179, 180.
Missouri Compromise, 178.
Mitchigamia Indians, 12, 52.
Money, scarcity, 21, 22.
Monroe, _President_ James, letter to Jefferson, 97;
mention, 209.
Montgomery, _Lieut.-Col._ John, 15 _et seq._
Morals. _See_ Public morals.
Morgan, ——, member of trading company, 10.
Morgan, George, agent of Indiana Company, 56;
land frauds, 56, 57.
Morgan county, anti-slavery society, 183;
freehold rights to housekeepers, 147;
separated from Madison, 188.
Morrison, William, landholdings of, 74, 100, 101.
Mount Carmel, Bank of, 199;
donation of land for church and schools, 142;
founding of, 196, 198;
incorporation, 200.
Murray, Edward, 23.
Murray, William, mention, 10.
N
Negroes, 12, 64;
punishment of, 179.
_See also_ Slavery.
New Design, founded. 91, 92, 95;
mention, 83.
New England, immigrants from, 146.
New Jersey Land Company, 11.
New Madrid (L’Anse a la Graisse), 63 _et seq._
New Orleans, flour market, 193;
mention, 26.
New Orleans boats, 93, 94.
Newspapers:—
_Illinois Herald_, 132;
_Illinois Intelligencer_, 132, 140;
_Kentucky Gazette_, 189;
_Louisiana Gazette_, 162;
_Shawnee Chief_, 132;
_Western Intelligencer_, 132.
Non-resident landholders, 140, 145.
North Carolina, route from, to Indiana, 156.
Northwest Territory, bounties in, 84;
congressional delegate seated, 76;
divided, 76, 84, 85;
enters second degree, 75;
first sale of public land in, 75;
judges, 62;
laws, 83, 84;
magistrates, 61;
mention, 58;
taxation, 83.
O
Ogee’s (Dixon’s) ferry, 152.
Oglesby, _Rev._ Joshua, rep., 113.
Ohio, emigration to, 76, 190;
population, 91, 181;
public land sale, 144.
Ohio Company, 71.
Ohio river, boundary of Illinois, 10;
settlers, 88;
settlers northwest of, 18, 19.
Ordinance of 1784, 46.
Ordinance of 1787, 40;
amendments to, 115, 116;
anti-slavery article, 176 _et seq._;
college township reserved by, 101;
effect on Illinois country, 54, 55;
violation of, 87.
Ottawa Indians, 135.
Ouia, town, 30.
Ouia (Wea) Indians, 29.
Ouisconsin (Wisconsin) Territory, Galena claimed by, 150.
P
Paget, M., mill built by, 193.
Palestine, sale of public lands at, 137.
Parker, Joseph, of Kaskaskia, 53, 54.
Peck, _Rev._ John M., Baptist minister, 124, 125, 192.
Peltry, debts paid in, 21, 43, 60.
Peoria, Indian agent at, 134;
mention, 79.
Peoria Indians, 12.
Philips, Joseph, territorial secretary, 113.
Piankashaw Indians, 81.
Pierre, Eugenio, 38.
Pike county, separated from Madison, 188.
Pioneer clergy, 191 _et seq._
Pirogues, 93, 94, 160.
Plums, at Smith’s Prairie, 129.
Pollock, Oliver, 40.
Polypotamia, mention, 46.
Pope, Nathaniel, and the northern boundary, 115, 116;
delegate in Congress, 113.
Population, 1788, 70;
1785-1799, 82;
1801, 88;
1790-1810, 91;
1818, 116;
1812, 113;
1820-1840, 187, 188;
French, 1766-1777, 12.
Post routes. _See_ Mail routes.
Post Vincennes, court regulations for, 59, 135.
_See also_ Vincennes.
Potatoes, price, 97, 164.
Potawatomie Indians, 134.
Prairie du Chien, inhabitants, 1801, 88.
Prairie du Rocher, bounty lands, 57;
inhabitants, 1766-1777, 12;
1801, 88.
Prairies, 83, 86, 97, 109, 131, 156;
fertility of, 165 _et seq._;
settlement, 130, 131.
Preëmption rights, 72, 75, 77, 78, 100, 102, 111, 113, 139, 144, 152;
in various states, 102 _et seq._
Presbyterians, at Galena, 175;
Cumberland Presbyterians, 143.
Prices of commodities, 49, 59, 97, 130, 131, 164;
of land, _see under_ Land.
Priests, French, emigrate from Illinois, 68.
Pro-slavery agitation. _See under_ Slavery.
Provisions, scarcity of, 21-23, 25, 28.
Public lands, donated for schools and internal improvements, 142;
price of in various states, 103, 104, 105;
proceeds of sales applied to roads and schools, 116;
receipts from sale of, 143;
sales in Illinois, 77, 81, 105, 106, 137, 143;
sales in other states, 103, 104, 144;
tax regulations of, up to 1818, 130.
Public morals, 28, 29.
Publications. _See_ Books, Newspapers.
Q
Quebec, Bishop of, pastoral letter, 1767, 12.
R
Randolphs, The, mention, 209.
Randolph county, formed, 75 n., 83;
slaves in, 180.
Rangers, volunteer for guard service, 108, 109.
Regulators of the Valley, 147.
Religious denominations, 172 _et seq._
Reynolds, _Gov._ John, 145, 196.
Richland Creek, settlement, 78.
River craft, 93, 94, 126, 129.
Rivière du Chemin, fight at, 37.
Roads, 86, 116, 153 _et seq._;
Illinois settlements to Galena, 151;
repairs, 158;
Shawneetown to Birkbeck’s settlement, 157;
to Kaskaskia, Cahokia and St. Louis, 101, 102, 157;
Vandalia to Springfield, 157.
_See also under_ Illinois; _also_ Toll roads.
Rock river, 152.
Rock Spring Seminary (Shurtleff College) founded by Baptists in 1827, 174.
Rogers, _Capt._ ——, defense of, 28, 29.
Roosevelt, Theodore, “Winning of the West,” 9.
Rush, Benjamin, mention, 195.
S
St. Clair, _Gov._ Arthur, 10, 64;
at Kaskaskia, 69;
establishes counties, 83;
president of Congress, 54.
St. Clair, James, 74.
St. Clair, John Murray, 10, 193.
St. Clair, William, 74.
St. Clair county, divided, 83;
formed, 75 n., 82.
St. Josephs, expedition against, 37, 38.
St. Louis, attacked by British, 33;
population of, 1817, 132;
Treaty of, 1804, 81.
St. Marie, Joseph, goods confiscated by Spanish, 63.
St. Philips, inhabitants of, 12.
St. Pierre, _Father_, leaves Cahokia, 68.
Ste. Geneviève, garrisoned by Spanish, 74.
Saline creek salt works, slave labor at, 117.
Saline river reservation, sale of, 142.
Saline spring in Gallatin county, 170, 171.
Salt, discovered at Carlyle, 1823, 171;
legislation concerning, 101;
prices of, 170 _et seq._;
works, New York, 153.
Sangamon county, emigration to, 1810-1825, 188;
housekeepers as freeholders, 147;
separated from Madison, 188.
Sauk Indians, 33, 81.
Schools, academic, funds given for, 199;
common, established, 173;
early, 173;
land granted for, 116, 141, 142;
teachers, 173, 174.
Scotch-Irish opposed to slavery, 92.
Selkirk, _Lord_, colony, 172.
Seminaries, location of, 174.
Servitude, indentured, 117, 176, 177, 179.
_Shawnee Chief_, 132.
Shawneetown, description, 1817, 125-7;
land-office at, 103;
road to Kaskaskia, 101, 102, 157;
sale of public lands, 105, 137.
Shipping, 93, 94, 125, 129.
Shippingport, Falls of Ohio, mention, 162.
Short, Jacob, rep., 113.
Shurtleff College (Rock Springs Seminary) founded by Baptists in 1827,
174.
Sickness. _See under_ Health.
Sioux Indians, 31, 32.
Skiffs, 93, 94.
Slave code, enacted in 1819, 179.