I have seen on TV a scene presenting a vehicle entering a street. The scene
starts with a general view of the street. The vehicle enters the scene from
left to right. During the sequence, two persons appear in the foreground who
watch the movement of the vehicle. The problem is that the eyes of those
persons follow (we suppose) the vehicle, moving from right to left. If the
operator had not changed position, the eyes of the persons should have moved
from left to right, as predicted by the general model, created during the
previous scene.
Let's see what happened. The vehicle was recorded entering the scene from left
to right, then the operator crossed the street and took some images of two
persons watching the vehicle, and moving their eyes from right to left. This
can produce confusion in the construction of the model. In a more complicated
situation, the presented data would have been confusing and would be
understood in fragments, stimulating the schizophrenic tendencies. It is
reminded that, when the information cannot be correlated, the brain will
"switch" from the construction of a normal model to a story-type one.
This is not an insignificant problem. If the scope of the presentation were
transmission of information to help build a model associated to the recorded
external reality, other rules to shoot a movie would exist, which should be
different from the ones used nowadays.
People do not seem to be disturbed by this class of problems. They might be
disturbed only if they want to reconstruct the normal model based on spread
data. In this case I consider it as a form of induced schizophrenia (XS1B),
as clearly correlated events are presented as unconnected.
Thus, in a movie, as local models appear in a succession, they are related
inbetween each other, in the frame of a story-type model, instead of been used
to create a single normal model, associated to a unique external reality.
The perception based on story-type models is a primitive way of understanding
the external reality, and it is unfortunately a typical way of the "normal"
man in the civilized world. Understanding this problem contains implicitely
the solution. Of course, education in school will have an important role.
This problem (reflection of external reality in story-type models) appeared as
an effect of overwhelming the brain. What happened is an avalanche effect: the
presentation of a situation is confusing and, as such, the brain builds a
story-type model. The structure of story-type models is consuming a lot of
resources of the brain and determines more and more limited allocation of
resources to building other normal models. The reduced capacity to build
normal models causes that normal presentations are not detected and
appreciated anymore. Even if the presentations were normal, it would be
perceived through story-type models and so the circle is closed.
Reflecting the external reality in the form of story-type models is a special
kind of fundamentalism. This conclusion should worry everybody.
The solution should be a strict control on the form of spreading the
information, so that information could only be presented within the general
frame declared at the begining. Thus, any specific information will be
integrated in the general model. This is what is already happening in positive
sciences, while, e.g. in newpapers, information is presented without any
connection to the past, without any prediction of the future evolutions and
even without presenting the context in which the information should be
integrated.
ETA 30: Optical perspective and the quality of construction of image models.
The succes in constructing image models in the case of photography and movies
depends on the optical perspective of the objects. The perspective is given by
the angle under which one can see the subjects. This angle is given by the
ratio of the maximum dimension of the image to the focal distance of the lens.
Example: for 35mm cameras (used typically) the 50 mm focal distance was found
to give the same perspective as the eye.
It is important to know that in order to reconstruct correctly a 3D model, the
perspective has to be the normal once as the eye is calibrated for its normal
perspective. This means that YM models have been already built and recorded
based on the normal perspective. If the perspective is changed, the M-models
will not find the correct position of the YMs. Thus, the YMs have to be
modified and this is an extremely complicated operation. In this case the
brain prefers to build fragmented ZM models (several ZMs associated to pieces
of the primary M-model). This also could favorize a form of induced
schizophrenia (XS1B).
This problem appears e.g. when we watch a scene recorded in a place where we
have been before and which we know. If the perspective is not normal, it is
possible that we do not recognize, or recognize only with great difficulties,
some elements and sequences which we should recognize easily.
ETA 31: Some times aggressivity may fight XS1-type schizophrenia.
The aggressivity is defined as a stronger than average tendency to activate
ZAM models. An aggressive person has the tendency to easily activate models
that act on the external reality.
Let's see some typical situation in common external reality.
Example 1: People who go to supermarkets have easily noticeable schizophrenic
tendencies during shopping. This is understandable. Each product seen will
activate at least one model, so, in a short time, the brain is overwhelmed by
the multitude of models activated at the simple identification of the entities
of the external reality. They need to correlate, in addition, the offer
(price, quality..) with their (usually) limited financial resources. The
effort of the brain is very big, so that little energy is left to take into
account the surrounding people. Those who are in a hurry (have precise models
to execute) will perceive the ones overwhelmed by the problem as "sleeping",
blocking the flow.
However, as we have seen, schizophrenic tendencies are, up to a point,
understandable. The local-schizophrenia given by a main problem which
preocupies too much the brain could be fought by the aggressivity of the
others (if it existed). When, for instance, the others disturb too much or too
often the "sleepy" (as in the supermarket example) the latter will be forced
to redirect part of their resources to respond to the many external
perturbations. To do this, they need e.g. to build several concept
(simplified) models for the products, and this is evolution (everything non-
essential is discarded).
Thus, the aggressivity of the others can fight local-schizophrenia as it has
been described above. If enough people will be aggressive with those attained
by local schizophrenia, the result will be that the shoppers will have more
precise ideas and will decide faster. Anyways, an aggressive environment will
attenuate to disappearance local-schizophrenia with beneficial effects on
everybody.
Example 2: the same type of local (temporary) schizophrenia appears when
driving in busy city traffic. Many will be overwhelmed and will react slowly
with excessive caution and this will upset the other aggressive drivers. If
there are enough aggressive drivers, or if the law favours those drivers, then
the "sleepy" will be either self-removed from traffic, or they will join the
tendency to aggressive driving. The effect would be an increase in fluency and
hopefully fewer accidents.
Connected to this paradox (aggressivity diminishing the number of accidents)
the pros could be: the "sleepy" upset the aggressive. The aggressive could
thus produce accidents. If the "sleepy" will dissapear, the risk of accident
will be decreasing significantly because of less sources of irritation. If the
"sleepy" will vanish from traffic the occasions of the aggressive to show
aggressivity will decrease. This can be explained by the fact that, if the one
in front of me knows that I am aggressive, he will not risk to drive "lazy".
Also, if I have an aggressive driver behind me, I will not risk to be
aggressed, so I will drive more dynamically, without hesitation. The result is
not only more fluency but also the diminishing of the effect of aggressivity.
We have shown how XS1-type schizophrenia could be fought by aggressivity, if
the law favoured aggressivity e.g.
Let's see the reverse. A schizophrenic population reacts slowly and based on
too short-range models to the permanent perturbation associated with everyday
life. The dynamic individuals will be discouraged by an inert society and so
they will "contribute" to the general bad status of the society.