Orangeburg, 96
Ordinance of 1787, 25, 132, 168, 190, 223
Oregon country, 144
Orient, 297
Osgood, H. L., 30
Pacific coast, 168, 219, 304
Pacific Northwest, 296
Pacific Ocean, 297, 315
Packing industries, 151
Palatine Germans, 5, 22, 100, 109, 124;
New York State and, 82
Palisades, 71
Panama Canal, 295
Panics, 279-280
Paper money, 32, 111, 121, 122, 209
Parkman, Francis, 70, 72, 144, 163
"Particular plantations," 41
Past, lessons of, 355
Patroon estates, 80
Paxton Boys, 112
Pecks "New Guide to the West," 19
Penn, William, 262
Pennsylvania, 23, 27;
coast and interior, antagonisms, 112;
German settlement, 82, 100;
Great Valley of, 68, 164;
land grants, 101;
new Pennsylvania of the Great Valley, 100;
Scotch-Irish, 103, 104;
settlement Of Old West part, 83
Pennsylvania Dutch, 22, 100, 110
Perrot, Nicolas, 180
Philadelphia, 106;
trade, 108
Physiographic provinces, 127
Piedmont, 68;
Virginia, 87, 89
Pig iron, 152, 313
Pine, 151
Pine belt in Middle West, 143
Pioneer democracy, lessons learned, 357;
Middle West, 335
Pioneer farmers, 21, 206, 257
Pioneers, conservative fears about, 251, 252;
contest with capitalist, 325;
contrast of conditions, 279;
deeper significance, 338;
essence, 271;
ideals and the State university, 269;
Middle West, 146, 154;
Ohio Valley, 167;
old ideals, 148;
sketch, 19
Pittsburgh, 104, 127, 136, 154-155, 161, 265, 299, 314, 324
Plain people, 256, 267
Political institutions, 243;
frontier and, 24
Political parties, 249, 324
Polk, J. K., 105, 192, 255
Pontiac, 131, 144
Poor whites, 224
Population center, 222
Populists, 32, 127, 147, 155, 203, 220, 247, 277, 281, 305;
Kansas, 238
Prairie Plains, 129
Prairie states, 239
Prairies, 218, 236, 276, 348;
settlement, 145, 147
Presbyterians, 105, 106, 109, 164
Presidency, 254;
Mississippi Valley and, 192;
Ohio Valley and, 175;
Old Northwest and, 222
Prices, 313
Princeton college, 106
Pritchett, H. S., 282
Privilege, 192;
conflict against, 120, 121
Proclamation of 1763, 181
Progressive Republican movement, 321
Prohibitionists, 240
"Proletariat," 285
Property, 210;
as basis of suffrage, 249
Prosperity, 281
Protection. _See_ Tariff
Provinces, geographic, 158
Provincialism, desirable, 157, 159
Prussianism, 337, 356
Public lands, 25, 132, 303;
policy of America, 26, 170;
Western lands, first debates on, 191
Public schools, 266, 282
Puget Sound, 298
Puritan ideals, 73, 75, 78;
German conflict with, 138
Puritanism, 27
Puritans and Indians, 44
Purrysburg, 97
Pynchon, John, 51, 52
Quakers, 105, 112, 164;
in settlement of Indiana, 224
Quebec, Province of, 131
Quincy, Josiah, 208
Radisson, Sieur de, 180
Railroads, administration by regions, 322;
Chicago and, 150;
continental, 247;
in early fifties, 137;
land grants to, 276;
Mississippi Valley, 304;
northwestern, 145;
origin, 14;
speculative movement, 276;
statistics, 314;
western, 218
Rancher's frontier, 12, 16
Ranches, 9, 16;
Virginia, 88
Rappahannock River, 84, 90;
settlement, 93
Reclamation, 298
Reclamation Service, 320
Red Cloud (Indian), 144
Red River valley, 145
Redemptioners, 22, 90, 97, 100
Reformers, 281, 324;
social, 262-263
Regulation, War of the, 248
Regulators, 116, 119, 120, 212
Religion of the Middle West, 345
Religious freedom of the Old West, 121
Religious spirit, Ohio Valley, 164, 165;
Upland South, 164, 165
Rensselaerswyck, 80
Representation, 114, 117, 120
Republican party, 327
Research, 284, 287, 331
Revolution, American, 30
Rhodes, J. F., 24
Richmond, Va., 108
Rights, equal, 326-327, 338;
of man, 192
Ripley, W. Z., 316
Robertson, James, 105, 187
Rockefeller, J. D., 260, 264-265
Rocky Mountains, 8, 9, 10, 298
Roosevelt, Theodore, 202, 204, 281, 319, 327;
on the Mississippi Valley, 178;
"Winning of the West," 67
Root, Elihu, 159
Roxbury, 59
Royce, Josiah, 157, 358
Rush, Richard, 317
St. Louis, 151, 161, 229
St. Paul, 137, 234
Salisbury, Mass., 56
Salt, 17;
annual pilgrimage to coast for, 17
Salt springs, 17, 18
Salzburgers, 97
Sandys, Sir Edwin, 301
Sault Ste. Marie Canal, 149
Scalps, Massachusetts bounty for, 45
Scandinavians, 263, 350;
Middle West, 146;
Western life, 232-233, 234
Schools, early difficulties, 107;
_see also_ Public schools
Schurz, Carl, 337
Science, 284, 330-331
Scientific farming, 294
Scotch Highlanders, 104;
Georgia, 98
Scotch-Irish, 5, 22, 71;
migration in Great Valley and Piedmont, 103;
Pennsylvania, 104;
South Carolina, 97;
Virginia, 86, 91-92
Scotch-Irish Presbyterians, 105, 109, 164
Scovillites, 116
Seaboard cities, 194, 195, 196
Seattle, 298
"Section" of land, 123, 132
Sectionalism, 27, 28, 52, 157, 215, 220, 321
Sections, relation, 159
Self-government, 169, 190, 207, 248, 275
Self-made man, 219, 318
Servants, 60, 353
Service to the Union, 358
Settlement, community type, 73, 74
Settler, 20
Sevier, John, 105, 187
Seward, W. H., 141;
on the Northwest, 230;
on the slavery issue in the Mississippi Valley, 199, 200
Shays' Rebellion, 112, 119, 122, 249
Sheffield, 71
Sheldon, George, 58
Shenandoah Valley, 68, 90, 91, 92, 99, 105
Sherman, W. T., 142
Sibley, H. H. (1811-1891), 272, 273, 328
Silver movement, 238, 239, 329
Simsbury, 63
Singletary, Amos, 240
Sioux Indians, 130
Six Nations, 15, 83
Slavery question, 24, 29, 98, 111, 139, 304, 330;
compromise movement, 174;
democracy and, 256;
expansion, 174;
Middle West and, 139;
Mississippi Valley and, 198, 201;
Northwest and, 230;
slaves as property, 115;
Virginia and North Carolina, 122
Smith, Major Lawrence, 84
Social control, 277
Social forces, in American history, 311;
mode of investigating, 330;
on the Atlantic coast, 295;
political institutions and, 243
Social mobility, 355
Social order, Mississippi Valley, 203-204;
new, 263
Social reformers, 262-263
Socialism, 246, 277, 307, 321
Society, backwoods, 212;
rebirth of in the West, 205
Soils, 278, 279;
search for, 18
Solid South, 217
South, 27, 166, 218;
contribution to settlement of Old Northwest (Ohio, Indiana, Illinois),
223, 225-226;
Ohio Valley and, 174;
solid, 217;
transforming forces, 295;
West and, 196, 197;
_see also_ Upland South
South Carolina, 174;
condition of antagonism between coast and interior, 116;
land system, townships, 96;
trade, 108
South Dakota, development, 237
Southeastern Europe, 294, 299, 316
Southerners and the Middle West, 133-134, 135, 138
Southwest, 297
Spain, 167, 181, 246;
Mississippi Valley and, 184, 185
Spangenburg, A. G., 17
Spanish America 181, 182, 295
Spanish frontier, 125
Spanish War, 246
Speculation, 319
Spoils system, 32, 254
Spotswood, Alexander, 22, 88, 90, 91, 113, 247;
Mississippi Valley and, 180
Spotsylvania County, Va., 90
Spreckles, Claus, 265
Squatter-sovereignty, 140
Squatters, 272, 343;
doctrines, 273, 328;
ideal, 320;
Middle West, 137;
Ohio Valley, 170;
Pennsylvania in 1726, 101
Stark, John, 103-104
State historical societies, 340
State lines, 127
State universities, 221, 354;
as safeguard of democracy, 286;
Michigan, 233;
peculiar power, 283-284;
pioneer ideals and, 269, 281
States, checkerboard, 218;
frontier pioneers' demand for statehood, 248;
groups, 159;
new states vs. Atlantic States, 207;
System of, 168
Staunton, Va., 92
Steam navigation, 7, 135, 171
Steel, 313
Steel and iron industry, 152
Stockbridge, 79
Stoddard, Solomon, 45
Success, 288, 309
Sudbury, 39
Suffrage, 192, 216;
basis, 249;
frontier and extension, 30;
manhood, 250, 352
Superior, Lake, 180, 314;
iron mines, 152
Swedes, 233
Symmes Purchase, 223
Talleyrand, 299
Taney, R. B., 141
Tariff, 25, 27, 170, 172, 197, 216
Taylor, Zachary, 255
Tecumthe, 134, 144
Tennessee, 122, 168, 187, 225, 252, 253;
democracy, 192
Tennyson's "Ulysses," 310
Territories, system of, 168, 169
Texas, 168
Thomas, J. B., 174
Tocqueville, A. C. H. C. de, 153, 275, 303, 343
Toledo, Ohio, 231
Toleration, 355
Town meeting, 62
Towns, legislating into existence, 125;
locating, Massachusetts, 76;
New England and Virginia, 41;
new settlements in New England, 55;
South Carolina, 96;
typical form of establishing in New England, 74;
Virginia, 85, 86
Trader's frontier, 12;
effects following, 12;
rapidity of advance, 12, 13
Trading posts, 14
Transportation, 148;
Great Lakes, 150
Tryon, William, 106
Tuscarora War, 94, 95
Ulstermen, 103
Unification of the West, 215
United States, collection of nations, 158;
development since 1890, 311;
federal aspect, 159;
fundamental forces, 311;
original contribution to society, 281-282;
wealth, 312
U. S. Steel Corporation, 152-153, 247, 265, 313
Universities, duties, 292;
function, 287;
influence of university men, 285;
need of freedom, 287;
pressure of democracies on, 283;
State and, 286;
_see also_ State universities
Upland South, 164;
religious spirit, 164, 165
Van Buren, Martin, 254, 326
Van Rensselaer manor, 81
Vandalia, 229
Verendryes, the, 180
Vermont, 69, 72, 77, 78, 111, 122, 136
Vermonters in Wisconsin and Michigan, 228
Vicksburg, 201
Vigilance committees, 212
Vinton, S. F., 141, 229
Virginia, 301;
early attempt to establish frontier, 41;
Indian wars, 69-70;
inequalities, coast vs. interior, 113;
interest in Mississippi Valley, 182;
land grants, 91;
land grants to societies, 85;
Piedmont, society, 95;
Piedmont portions, 87, 89;
settlement in latter part of 17th century, 83;
slavery, 122;
two Virginias in later 17th century, 94;
Western democracy and, 250
Virginia Convention of 1829-30, 28, 31
Visions, 270, 331, 339-340
Voyageurs, 17
Wachovia, 95
Walker, F. A., 128
War of 1812, 168, 213
Washington, George, 92, 124;
Mississippi Valley and, 181, 182, 194, 196, 324;
Ohio Valley and, 163, 167
Wealth, 213-214, 219, 288, 319;
democracy versus, 192;
in politics, 173;
United States, 312
Wells (town), 47
"Welsh tract," 97
Wentworth, Benning, 77
West, American ideals and, 290;
beginning of, 6;
center of interest, 327;
constructive force, 206;
contributions to democracy, 243;
factor in American history, 1, 3;
ideals, 209, 214, 267;
indefiniteness of term, 126;
insurgent voice, 319;
main streams of settlement, 215;
mark of New England, 36;
phase of division, 216-217;
population, 35;
problem of, 205;
South and, 196, 197;
warnings against, 208, 209;
Middle West; _see also_ Old West; Old Northwest
West Virginia, 114
Westchester County, N. Y., 81
Western colleges, 36
Western life, dominant forces, 222
Western Reserve, 124, 133
Western spirit, 310
"Western Waters," 161, 206, 302;
men of freedom and independence, 183
"Western World," 161, 166, 206, 302;
basis of its civilization, 177
Wheat, 329;
areas, 149
Whig party, 27, 173, 304, 351
White, Abraham, 240
White, Hugh, 192
Whitman, Walt, 336
Wilderness, 262, 269, 270, 279
Wilkinson, James, 169, 187
Williams, John (1664-1729), 70
Williams, Roger, 262
Windsor, 76
Winthrop, John, 62
Wisconsin, 137, 138, 218, 294, 341;
development and elements, 233-234;
German element, 227, 228, 236;
New England element, 228;
settlement, 226, 227
Wood, Abraham, 98
Woodstock, 59
World's fairs, 156
World-politics, 246, 315
Wyoming Valley, 79, 124
Yemassee War, 95
"Young America" doctrine, 140
* * * * *
Transcriber's Notes:
The following words appear in the text with and without hyphens.
They have been left as in the original.
battle-field battlefield
coast-wise coastwise
cow-pens cowpens
head-rights headrights
iron-master ironmaster
new-comers newcomers
non-sectional nonsectional
out-vote outvote
rail-splitter railsplitters
sea-board seaboard
slave-holding slaveholding
tide-water tidewater
un-won unwon
The following corrections have been made to the text:
page 25--as the nation marched westward.[period is missing in
original]
page 40, footnote 40:5--"American Colonies in the Seventeenth
Century,"[quotation mark missing in original]
page 48, footnote 48:4--Sheldon, "Deerfield,"[quotation mark
missing in original]
page 49--your honours [original has opening parenthesis]we
haue but litel laft
page 53--the frontier Towns.[original has extraneous quotation
mark]
page 68, footnote 68:1--Powell, "Physiographic
Regions[original has extraneous single quote]"
page 75, footnote 75:1--Egleston[original has Eggleston],
"Land System of the New England Colonies,"
page 86--at least three foot within the ground."[quotation
mark missing in original]
page 96, footnote 96:3--(N. Y., 1899)[closing parenthesis
missing in original], pp. 149, 151;
page 117, footnote 117:3--pp. 440-447[original has 440-437]
page 118--it was being exploited,[original has period]
page 118, footnote 118:2--N. C.[original has N .C.]
page 123--Preemption and preemptions are hyphenated across
line breaks in the original. The diaresis has been reinserted
in the rejoined words.
page 163--American backwoodsmen[original has backswoodsmen]
page 167--to add the settlements[original has setlements]
page 171--social conditions of the people whose[original has
who] needs
page 236--stronghold of resistance[original has resistence]
page 254--formal law and the subtleties[original has
subleties]
page 268--that dwarf [original has extraneous word of] those
of the Old World
page 310--to pause, to make an end,[original has period]
page 348--to his own business.[original has extraneous
quotation mark]
page 353--at least before [original has extraneous word at]
the present day
page 362--Bryan, W. J., 204, 236, 237, 246, 281, 327,
330[original has 329]
page 363, under Democracy--Godkin[original has Gookin] on, 307
page 363--Democratic party, 327, 330[original has 329]
page 363--Discovery, 271[original has 270], 293, 301, 306
page 363--Douglas[original has Douglass], William, 109
page 364--Forest[original has Foreign] Service, 320
page 364, under Germans--Palatine, 5, 82, 100, 109,
124[original also lists page 32 in error]
page 366--Henry, Patrick, 94[original has 95]
page 366, under Indians: hunting Indians with dogs,
45[original has 95]
page 367--Kipling, Rudyard, "Foreloper[original has
Toreloper]," 270
page 368--Marietta, 124, 133[original has 132], 223, 257
page 368, under Michigan--development and resources,
233[original has 232]
page 371--Pynchon[original has Pyrichon], John, 51, 52
page 373--Spangenburg[original has Spangenberg], A. G.
Spelling and punctuation errors in quoted material have been left as in
the original.
The index entry for James Glenn was after the entry for E. L. Godkin.
The two entries were reversed to maintain alphabetical order. Index
entries for Leicester and Leigh, B. W., were combined with the
Legislation entry. Entries were moved as appropriate.