ft._, 3 (MVZ); _Diamond Valley, 5500 ft., 1 mi. SE Woodfords_, 6 (MVZ);
_Faith Valley_, 1 (MVZ). _El Dorado County_: _Glen Alpine Creek, near
Fallen Leaf Lake, 6600 ft._, 8 (MVZ); _1 mi. W Fyffe_, 1 (MVZ); _Fresno
County_: _Hume_, 1 (MVZ). _Mariposa County_: _Chinquapin, 6700 ft.,
Yosemite Nat'l Park_, 12 (MVZ); _E fork Indian Canyon, 7300 ft._, 8
(MVZ); _Merced Grove, Big Trees_, 7 (MVZ); _1 mi. E Merced Lake_, 5
(MVZ); _near Mono Meadow, Yosemite Nat'l Park_, 4 (MVZ); _near Mt.
Hoffman, 8100 ft., Yosemite Nat'l Park_, 5 (MVZ); _Porcupine Flat, 8100
ft., Yosemite Nat'l Park_, 9 (MVZ); _Yosemite Creek, Yosemite Valley_, 7
(MVZ); foot Yosemite Falls, Yosemite Nat'l Park, 8 (MVZ). _Mono County_:
_Walker Lake, 8000 ft._, 5 (MVZ); _Swager Canyon, 7800 ft._, 3; Mono
Lake P. O. 6500 ft., 4 (MVZ). _Placer Co._: Truckee River, Squaw Creek,
1 (SDM); _W bank Truckee River_, 1 (MVZ). _Plumas County_: Rich Gulch,
3850 ft., 11 mi. W and 8 mi. N Quincy, 2 (MVZ). _Shasta County_: Warner
Creek, 8000 ft., Lassen Peak, 6 (MVZ). _Siskiyou Co._: _Donomore Meadow,
5800 ft., 15 mi. W Hilt_, 7 (MVZ); Poker Flat, 5000 ft., 12 mi. NW Happy
Camp, 7 (MVZ); Little Shasta, 1 (USBS); Siskiyou Mts., 6000 ft., 2
(USBS); _Sisson_, 1 (SDM); _Mt. Shasta, 6500 ft._, 6 (MVZ). _Salmon
River Divide_, 2 (MVZ); _S fork Salmon River, 5000 ft._, 7 (MVZ).
_Tehama County_: _2 mi. W Black Butte, on Lassen Rd., 6800 ft._, 5
(MVZ); _2 mi. E Mineral, 5200 ft._, 2 (MVZ); 2 mi. S Yolla Bolly Mtn.,
11 (MVZ). _Trinity Co._: _N fork Coffee Creek, 4500 ft._, 34 (MVZ);
Canyon Creek, 4 (USBS); 8 mi. NE Hyampon, 2900 ft., 1 (MVZ); _3 mi. NNW
Mad River Bridge, 2900 ft., South Fork Mtn._, 5 (MVZ); _1-1/2 mi. N Mad
River Bridge, 3000 ft., South Fork Mtn._, 6 (MVZ); _1 mi. SW North Yolla
Bolly Mtn._, 14 (11 MVZ); _1/2 mi. S South Yolla Bolly Mtn._, 3 (MVZ).
_Tulare County_: _Jordan Hot Springs, Sierra Nevada Mts., 6700 ft._, 9
(MVZ); _Sherman Creek, Sequoia Nat'l Park_, 1 (MVZ); _Tokopah Valley,
7000 ft., Sequoia Nat'l Park_, 1 (MVZ); 2 mi. E Kern Peak, 9300 ft.,
Sierra Nevada Mts., 1 (MVZ). _Tuolumne County_: _head Lyle Canyon,
Yosemite Nat'l Park, 10,000 ft._, 9 (MVZ); _Tuolumne Meadows, 8600 ft.,
Yosemite Nat'l Park_, 1 (MVZ).
NEVADA: _Douglas County_: 1/2 mi. E Zephyr Cove, Lake Tahoe, 6400 ft., 1
(MVZ). _Ormsby County_: _S end Marlette Lake, 8000 ft._, 2 (MVZ); _1/2
mi. S Marlette Lake, 8150 ft._, 3 (MVZ). _Washoe County_: _1/2 mi. S Mt
Rose, 9500 ft._, 3 (2 MVZ); 3 mi. S Mt. Rose, 8500 ft., 3 (MVZ).
OREGON: _Jackson Co._: Prospect, 3 (2 USBS, 1 MVZ); _W slope Grizzly
Peak, 4600 ft._, 1 (USBS); _Siskiyou_, 1 (USBS); Longs Camp, N base
Ashland Peak, 3300 ft., 1 (USBS).
_Marginal records._--Oregon: Prospect. Nevada: 3 mi. S Mt. Rose, 8500
ft.; 1/2 mi. E Zephyr Cove, Lake Tahoe, 6400 ft. California: Mono Lake
P. O., 6500 ft.; 2 mi. E Kern Peak, 9300 ft., Sierra Nevada Mts.; Rich
Gulch, 3850 ft., 11 mi. W and 8 mi. N Quincy; Warner Creek, 8000 ft.,
Lassen Peak; 2 mi. S Yolla Bolly Mtn.; 8 mi. NE Hyampon, 2900 ft.;
Siskiyou Mts., 6000 ft.; Poker Flat, 5000 ft., 12 mi. NW Happy Camp.
=Zapus princeps princeps= J. A. Allen
_Zapus princeps_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:71-72,
April 28, 1893; Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:23, August 8, 1899.
_Type._--Female, adult, skin and skull; No. 5260/4140, Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist.; Florida, La Plata County, Colorado; obtained on June
27, 1892, by Charles P. Rowley.
_Range._--Sierra Madre, Medicine Bow, Laramie, and Big Horn mountains of
Wyoming southward through Colorado into the Taos and San Juan mountains
in northern New Mexico. See fig. 46. Zonal range: Transition, Canadian
and Hudsonian.
_Description._--Size, medium; back dark usually with broad mid-dorsal
band of black mixed with Warm Buff or Ochraceous-Buff; sides light (Warm
Buff) but varying to Ochraceous-Buff, always with admixture of black
hair; lateral line distinct and broad, varying from Light
Ochraceous-Buff to Ochraceous-Buff; ventral surface white to base of
hairs, frequently suffused with Ochraceous-Buff; tail indistinctly
bicolored, tan to grayish-white below and pale brown above; hind feet
grayish-white above; ears edged with white or yellowish-white; skull
medium; large medial projection on inferior ramus of zygomatic process
of maxillary; palate moderately long; postpalatal notch usually broadly
rounded and posterior to posterior part of last molar; proximal part of
inferior ramus of zygomatic process of maxillary broad; pterygoid fossae
broad; auditory bullae moderately inflated.
_Comparisons._--From _Zapus princeps luteus_, _Z. p. princeps_ differs
as follows: Total length, tail and hind foot longer; color darker, being
less ochraceous; ears darker, edged with white or yellowish-white
instead of Ochraceous-Buff; lateral line more distinct; skull larger,
except least interorbital breadth which is smaller; auditory bullae
larger, more inflated; pterygoid fossae larger; incisive foramina
broader, longer, and posteriorly more truncate; nasals broader, tapering
less distally.
From _Zapus princeps idahoensis_, _Z. p. princeps_ differs in: Size
larger; darker with more Ochraceous-Buff; lateral line much more
distinct; underparts frequently suffused with Ochraceous-Buff rather
than seldom so; skull larger as regards length of palatal bridge, length
of zygomatic arch, and width of proximal part of inferior ramus of
zygomatic process of maxillary; pterygoid fossae broader; medial
projection on inferior ramus of zygomatic process of maxillary large
instead of reduced or absent; postpalatal notch usually anterior to, or
on a plane with, posterior face of last molars rather than posterior to
same.
_Remarks._--This subspecies retains most of its diagnostic characters in
all parts of its geographic range. An individual from the type locality,
Florida, Colorado, resembles _Zapus princeps luteus_ in color, but
cranially is most nearly like _Z. p. princeps_. A specimen from Tierra
Amarilla, New Mexico, a locality 25 miles north of, and in homogeneous
habitat with, El Rito, New Mexico, from which specimens of _Z. p.
luteus_ are known, shows resemblance to the latter in some cranial
characters (see account of _Zapus princeps luteus_) but is most nearly
like _Z. p. princeps_ to which it is referred.
Animals from Medicine Wheel Ranch, 9000 ft., 28 mi. E Lovell, Wyoming,
which are here referred to _Z. p. princeps_, show intergradation with
_Zapus princeps idahoensis_, being similar in size of pterygoid fossae,
breadth of postpalatal notch, and in size and degree of inflation of the
auditory bullae, but differ in color and in other cranial characters.
Specimens from 2 mi. E Shriver, 6500 ft., Montana, which lack the
distinct lateral line and ventral suffusion of Ochraceous-Buff, are here
referred to _Z. p. idahoensis_.
_Specimens examined._--Total, 344, distributed as follows:
COLORADO: _Archuleta County_: _upper Navajo River_, 5 (CMNH); Navajo
River, 6 (CMNH). _Boulder Co._: _12-1/2 mi. S Estes Park_, 2; _3 mi. S
Ward_, 3; Gold Hill, 1 (USBS); _7 mi. NW Nederland's_, 2 (UM); _3 mi. E
Pine Cliff_, 3 (CMNH). _Chaffee County_: _1-1/2 mi. S Monarch, 10,500
ft._, 2 (OKLA). _Conejos Co._: Antonito, 1 (USBS); _5 mi. S and 24 mi. W
Antonito, 9600 ft._, 2. _Costilla Co._: _7 mi. SE Russell, 9200 ft._, 1
(MVZ); Fort Garland, 6 (USBS). _El Paso County_: Minnehaha, Half Way, 5
(UM). _Grand Co._: _Rocky Mtn. Nat'l Park_, 5 (UM). _Gunnison County_:
Gothic, 10 (8 OKLA; 2 USBS); _Major Creek, foot of Monarch Pass_, 1
(OKLA). _Jackson Co._: Arapahoe Pass, Rabbit Ear Mts., 1 (USBS). _La
Plata Co._: _7 mi. N Florida, Florida River, 7146 ft._, 8 (MVZ);
Florida, 6500 ft., 11 (1 FM; 9 AMNH). _Larimer Co._: Elkhorn, 7000 ft.,
1 (USBS); _19-1/2 mi. W and 2-1/2 mi. S Loveland, 7300 ft._, 3. _Mineral
Co._: _Wasson Ranch, Creede_, 1; _3 mi. E Creede_, 1; _23 mi. S and 11
mi. E Creede, 9300 ft._, 5. _Rio Blanco Co._: _9-1/2 mi. SW Pagoda Peak,
7700 ft._, 5; Meeker, 1 (USBS). _Rio Grande County_: _Rock Creek Camping
Area_, 1 (OKLA). _Saguache Co._: Saguache Park, Cochetopa Forest, 1
(USBS); _22 mi. W Saguache_, 1 (MVZ); _20 mi. S Saguache, Cochetopa
Pass_, 1 (USBS). _San Juan County_: 6-1/2 mi. SW Silverton, 4.
NEW MEXICO: _Rio Arriba Co._: Tierra Amarilla, 1 (USBS). _Taos Co._:
_Hondo Canyon, 8200 ft., west slope Taos Mts._, 1 (USBS); east slope
Taos Mts., 8800 ft., 1 (USBS).
WYOMING: _Albany County_: 32 mi. N and 12-1/2 mi. E Laramie, 6080 ft.,
1; _30 mi. N and 10 mi. E Laramie, 6760 ft._, 1; _29 mi. N and 8-3/4 mi.
E Laramie, 6420 ft._, 6; _2 mi. S Browns Peak, 10,600 ft._, 2; _3 mi.
ESE Browns Peak, 10,000 ft._, 8; _8 mi. E and 4 mi. S Laramie, 8600
ft._, 2; _8 mi. E and 6 mi. S Laramie, 8500 ft._, 1; _1 mi. ESE Pole
Mtn., 8350 ft._, 2; _1-1/2 mi. ESE Pole Mtn., 8200 ft._, 1; _2 mi. SE
Pole Mtn., 8300 ft._, 3; Centennial, 8120 ft., 1. _Big Horn County_:
Medicine Wheel Ranch, 9000 ft., 28 mi. E Lovell, 36; _12 mi. E and 2 mi.
N Shell, 7500 ft._, 13; _17 mi. E and 3 mi. S Shell, 9000 ft._, 1;
_17-1/2 mi. E and 4-1/2 mi. S Shell, 9100 ft._, 6. _Carbon County_:
Bridgers Pass, 18 mi. SW Rawlins, 7500 ft., 6; _Lake Marie, Medicine Bow
Nat'l Forest, 10,400 ft._, 6; _14 mi. E and 6 mi. S Saratoga_, 5; _10
mi. N and 10 mi. E Encampment, 8000 ft._, 1; _10 mi. N and 12 mi. E
Encampment, 7200 ft._, 2; _10 mi. N and 14 mi. E Encampment, 8000 ft._,
28; _9 mi. N and 3 mi. E Encampment_, 2; _8 mi. N and 8 mi. E
Encampment, 8900 ft._, 1; _8 mi. N and 14 mi. E Encampment, 8400 ft._,
5; _8 mi. N and 14-1/2 mi. E Encampment, 8100 ft._, 12; _8 mi. N and 16
mi. E Encampment, 8400 ft._, 6; _8 mi. N and 22 mi. E Encampment, 10,000
ft._, 1; _8 mi. N and 19-1/2 mi. E Savery, 8800 ft._, 12; _8 mi. N and
20 mi. E Savery, 8800 ft._, 1; _7-1/2 mi. N and 18 mi. E Savery, 8400
ft._, 2; _7-1/2 mi. N and 18-1/2 mi. E Savery, 8400 ft._, 1; _7 mi. N
and 18 mi. E Savery, 8400 ft._, 2; _6 mi. N and 13-1/2 mi. E Savery,
8400 ft._, 6; _6 mi. N and 14 mi. E Savery, 8350 ft._, 6; 4 mi. N and 8
mi. E Savery, 7300 ft., 1. _Converse County_: 21 mi. S and 24 mi. W
Douglas, 7400 ft., 6; _21 mi. S and 24-1/2 mi. W Douglas, 7400 ft._, 3;
_21-1/2 mi. S and 24-1/2 mi. W Douglas, 7600 ft._, 15; _22-1/2 mi. S and
24-1/2 mi. W Douglas, 7600 ft._, 1; _23 mi. S and 25 mi. W Douglas, 7800
ft._, 7. _Johnson County_: _6-1/2 mi. W and 2 mi. S Buffalo, 5700 ft._,
4; _5-1/2 mi. W and 1-1/2 mi. S Buffalo, 5520 ft._, 3; _5-1/2 mi. W and
1 mi. S Buffalo, 4800 ft._, 1; 1 mi. W and 4/5 mi. S Buffalo, 4800 ft.,
1. _Laramie County_: 5 mi. W and 1 mi. N Horse Creek P. O., 3. _Natrona
County_: _2 mi. W and 7 mi. S Casper, 6370 ft._, 2. _Washakie County_: 9
mi. E and 5 mi. N Tensleep, 7400 ft., 2; 9 mi. E and 4 mi. N Tensleep,
7000 ft., 5.
_Marginal records._--Wyoming: Medicine Wheel Ranch, 9000 ft., 28 mi. E
Lovell; 21 mi. S and 24 mi. W Douglas, 7400 ft.; 5 mi. W and 1 mi. N
Horse Creek P. O. Colorado: Gold Hill; Minnehaha. New Mexico: E slope
Taos Mts.; Tierra Amarilla. Colorado: Florida; 6-1/2 mi. SW Silverton;
Meeker. Wyoming: Bridgers Pass, 18 mi. W Rawlins, 7500 ft.
=Zapus princeps saltator= J. A. Allen
_Zapus saltator_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 12:3-4,
March 4, 1899; Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:31, August 8, 1899.
_Zapus princeps_, Preble, N. Amer. Fauna, 15:23, August 8, 1899
(part--the part from Glacier, British Columbia).
_Zapus hudsonius_, Kermode and Anderson, Rep. Prov. Mus. Nat. Hist.
for 1913:21, 1914.
_Zapus princeps saltator_, Hall, Univ. California Publ. Zool.,
37:10, April 10, 1931.
_Type._--Female, subadult, skin and skull, No. 14408, Amer. Mus. Nat.
Hist.; Telegraph Creek, British Columbia; obtained on August 23, 1897,
by A. J. Stone.
_Range._--Southern Yukon and southeastern Alaska south in British
Columbia, to Bella Coola Inlet and Glacier. See fig. 46. Zonal range:
Canadian and Hudsonian.
_Description._--Size medium; back near Ochraceous-Buff, overlaid with
black hairs forming dark dorsal band thickly flecked with ochraceous;
sides lighter than back; lateral line usually distinct; belly pure
white, sometimes faintly suffused with Ochraceous-Buff; tail bicolored,
dark above and grayish-white below; hind feet grayish-white above; ears
dark, edged with yellowish-white or Ochraceous-Buff; incisive foramina
long, broad posteriorly; palatal bridge relatively short; postpalatal
notch anterior to posterior border of last molars; proximal part of
inferior ramus of zygomatic process of maxillary without enlarged median
projection; zygomatic arch short.
_Comparisons._--For comparison with _Zapus princeps kootenayensis_ and
_Zapus princeps idahoensis_ see accounts of those subspecies.
_Remarks._--The geographic range of _Z. p. saltator_, as here
understood, includes several localities heretofore considered to be
within the geographic ranges of neighboring subspecies. Specimens from
Indianpoint Lake, 15 mi. N of Barkerville, British Columbia, for
example, which Hall (1934:379) considered nearer _Z. p. princeps_, are
here referred to _Z. p. saltator_, with which they closely agree in
cranial measurements and color of pelage. One individual from Glacier,
British Columbia, thought to be _Z. p. princeps_ by Preble (1899:32), is
here considered to show intergradation between _Z. p. kootenayensis_ and
_Z. p. saltator_ but is more nearly like _Z. p. saltator_ to which it is
here referred. Intergradation between _Zapus princeps idahoensis_ and
_Z. p. saltator_ is noted, in color and in shape and size of the
incisive foramina, in a specimen from Vermilion Crossing, Kootenay,
British Columbia. The majority of cranial characters show these animals
to be referable to _Z. p. idahoensis_. Specimens from Mt. Revelstoke,
3400 ft., British Columbia, show intergradation in shape of auditory
bullae, in breadth of pterygoid fossae, and in shape and size of
antorbital foramina between _Z. p. idahoensis_ and _Z. p. saltator_.
Resemblance in pelage and in the majority of cranial characters
indicates that these specimens are best referred to _Z. p. saltator_.
_Specimens examined._--Total, 187, distributed as follows:
ALASKA: Taku River, 1 (MVZ).
BRITISH COLUMBIA: Atlin, 7 (6 CAS; 1 PM); _Deep Creek, 60 mi. above
Telegraph Creek_, 1 (USBS); _Sawmill Lake, near Telegraph Creek_, 6
(MVZ); junction 4 mi. N Telegraph Creek, 1 (ROM); McDame Post, Dease
River, 1 (USBS); _Stikine River, at Glenora_, 28 (MVZ); _Kispiox
Valley, 23 mi. N Hazelton_, 3 (MVZ); _9-mi. Mtn., 4500 ft., NE
Hazelton_, 1 (MVZ); Hazelton, 959 ft., 20 (MVZ); Bear River, 7 mi. N
Bear Lake, 1 (USBS); Charlie Lake, Fort St. John, 1 (PM); _Moose River_,
2 (PM); Tupper Creek, 7 (PM); _Babine_, 2 (USBS); _Port Simpson_, 3
(USBS); 12 mi. N Summit Lake, Alaska Highway, 3300 ft., 3 (NMC);
_Giscome_, 1 (USBS); _Ootsa Lake_, 3 (PM); Inverness, mouth Skeena
River, 1 (USBS); W end Eutsuk Lake, 1 (PM); Wapiti, head of Middle
Branches River, 1 (USBS); Hagensborg, 15 (NMC); _Stuie, Cariboo Mtn.,
4700 ft._, 2 (NMC); Rainbow Mts., Mt. Brilliant, 5000 ft., 10 (NMC); N 7
Wistaria P. O., 13 (NMC); _Mt. McLean, Lillooet_, 1 (PM); Mt. Robson P.
O., Mt. Robson Park, 1 (MVZ); _Indianpoint Lake, 15 mi. NE Barkerville_,
42 (29 MVZ; 18 PM); Cottonwood P. O., 2 (MVZ); Mt. Revelstoke, 3400 ft.,
6 (PM); Glacier, 1 (ROM).
YUKON: Rose River, mile 95 on Canol Road, 1 (NMC).
_Marginal records._--Yukon: Rose River, mile 95 on Canol Road, British
Columbia; McDame Post, Dease River; Charlie Lake, Fort St. John; Tupper
Creek; Wapiti, head of Middle Branches River; Mt. Robson P. O., Mt.
Robson Park; Mt. Revelstoke, 3400 ft.; Cottonwood P. O.; Rainbow Mts.,
Mt. Brilliant, 5000 ft.; Inverness, mouth Skeena River. Alaska: Taku
River. British Columbia: Atlin.
=Zapus princeps utahensis= Hall
_Zapus princeps utahensis_ Hall, Occ. papers, Mus. Zool., Univ.
Michigan, 296:3, November 2, 1934.
_Jaculus Hudsonius_, J. A. Allen, Bull. Essex Inst., 6:65, April,
1874 (part--the part concerning Great Salt Lake Valley, Utah).
_Zapus princeps princeps_, Wolfe, Jour. Mamm., 91:154, May 9, 1928.
_Zapus princeps idahoensis_, Davis, Recent Mammals of Idaho, Caxton
Printers, Caldwell, Idaho, p. 341, April 5, 1939 (part--the part
from southeast Idaho).
_Type._--Female, adult, skin and skull; No. 59153, Museum of Zoology,
University of Michigan; Beaver Creek, 19 mi. S Manila, Daggett County,
Utah; obtained on July 16, 1928, by A. and R. D. Svihla, original No.
176.
_Range._--Southeastern Idaho and extreme western Wyoming (Teton, Snake,
and Uinta Mt's) southward through Uinta, Wasatch, Oquirrh, and Beaver
Mt's of Utah. See fig. 46. Zonal range: Transition, Canadian, and
Hudsonian.
_Description._--Size, large; back from Cinnamon-Buff to Warm Buff
overlaid with black hairs; sides lighter with less admixture of black
hairs; lateral line indistinct, sometimes wanting; tail bicolored,
brownish-black above, white to yellowish-white beneath; feet
grayish-white above; ventral surface white to base of hairs; ears dark,
edged with white to yellowish-white; skull large; palatal bridge
relatively short; upper tooth-rows diverging anteriorly; occipitonasal
length great; interorbital region broad; zygomata widely bowed;
postpalatal notch anterior to posterior face of last molars; mastoid
width great.
_Comparisons._--From _Zapus princeps princeps_, _Z. p. utahensis_
differs in: color dorsally and laterally less ochraceous, lacking broad
lateral line; skull larger in every part measured, excepting length of
palatal bridge and breadth of palate at M3; zygomata more bowed; upper
tooth-rows more divergent anteriorly; postpalatal notch anterior to
posterior border of last molars.
Compared with _Zapus princeps cinereus_, _Z. p. utahensis_ differs as
follows: Size averaging larger; upper parts darker, Cinnamon-Buff not
Pinkish-Buff; incisive foramina wider posteriorly; palate wider;
zygomata more robust.
For comparison with _Zapus princeps idahoensis_ see account of that
subspecies.
_Remarks._--_Zapus princeps utahensis_ most closely resembles the
several subspecies in the Great Basin in its large size, widely bowed
zygomata, and posteriorly broadened incisive foramina. Intergradation
between _Z. p. utahensis_ and _Zapus princeps cinereus_, geographically
the nearest of the Great Basin subspecies, is not known. Intergradation
in color and cranial characters occurs between _Zapus princeps
idahoensis_ and _Z. p. utahensis_ in specimens from 17 mi. E and 4 mi. N
of Ashton, Idaho. All these specimens are, however, referable to _Z. p.
idahoensis_. Animals from 9 mi. SE Irwin and from 3 mi. SW Victor,
Idaho, resemble _Z. p. utahensis_ in most differential characters
(dorsally ochraceous, lateral line more distinct, incisive foramina
large, palate broad anteriorly, auditory bullae less inflated), and are
here referred to _Z. p. utahensis_. A series of specimens from the head
of Crow Creek, Idaho, were considered by Davis (1939:340) to be
intergrades between _Z. p. idahoensis_ and _Z. p. utahensis_; he thought
that the specimens were more nearly like _Z. p. utahensis_ in color, but
cranially (80 per cent in average ratio of anterior width of palate to
posterior width of palate), more nearly like _Z. p. idahoensis_, to
which subspecies he referred them. I have examined these specimens and
find them to be more nearly like _Z. p. utahensis_ not only in color but
in cranial characters as well. For example, the average ratio obtained
by me for anterior width of palate to posterior width of palate is 72
per cent, rather than 80 per cent as given by Davis (_loc. cit._). Other
cranial characters, size of the incisive foramina, shape of the foramen
magnum, and shape of the auditory bullae, indicate relationship with _Z.
p. utahensis_ to which they are here referred. Two immature individuals
from Strawberry Creek, 20 mi. E Preston, Idaho, considered to be _Z. p.
idahoensis_ by Davis (_op. cit._:341), also are here referred to _Z. p.
utahensis_.
_Specimens examined._--Total, 178, distributed as follows:
IDAHO: _Bonnerville County_: _9 mi. SE Irwin, 6400 ft._, 3. _Caribou
Co._: Head Crow Creek, Preuss Mts., 7500 ft., 6 (USBS). _Franklin
County_: Strawberry Creek, 20 mi. NE Preston, 6700 ft., 2 (MVZ). _Teton
County_: 3 mi. SE Victor, 6 (MVZ).
UTAH: _Beaver County_: Puffer Lake, 1 (UU). _Daggett County_: junction
Deep Creek and Carter Creek, 7900 ft., 2 (UU). _Duchesne Co._: _Currant
Creek, Uinta Forest_, 2 (USBS). _Morgan Co._: _exact locality not
given_, 1 (UU). _Rich County_: 12 mi. SW Woodruff, 1 (MVZ). _Salt Lake
County_: _Lambs Canyon, 2 mi. above Parleys Canyon, 7000 ft._, 1 (UU);
_head Lambs Canyon, 9000 ft._, 3 (UU); _Salamander Lake and Lambs
Canyon, 9000 ft._, 11 (UU); _"The Firs," Mill Creek Canyon_, 2 (UU);
_Brighton, Silver Lake P. O., 8700 ft., Cottonwood Canyon_, 1 (UU);
_Brighton, Big Cottonwood Canyon, 8000 ft._, 1 (UU); _1 mi. above Alta_,
4 (UU); Butterfield Canyon, approximately 5 mi. above Butterfield
Tunnel, 3 (UU). _Sanpete Co._: _8 mi. E Fairview and 5 mi. S Mammoth R.
S., Manti Nat'l Forest, 9000 ft._, 1 (USBS); _Baldy R. S., Manti Nat'l
Forest_, 1 (UU); Ephraim, 8850 ft., 1 (USBS). _Summit County_: _Henrys
Fork, Uinta Mts., 8000 ft._, 4 (UU); 14 mi. S and 2 mi. E Robertson,
9300 ft., 3. _Uintah County_: 21 mi. W and 15 mi. N Vernal, 10,050 ft.,
1. _Utah County_: Payson Lake, 8300 ft., 12 mi. SE Payson, Mt. Nebo, 12
(UU); _1 mi. E Payson Lake, 8300 ft., Mt. Nebo_, 3 (UU). _Wasatch
County_: Provo River, 3 mi. N Soapstone R. S., Wasatch Nat'l Forest, 1
(UU).
WYOMING: _Lincoln County_: 3 mi. N and 11 mi. E Alpine, 5650 ft., 37.
_Teton County_: 1/4 mi. E Moran, 6700 ft., 4; _Bar B. G. Ranch, 6500
ft., 2-1/2 mi. NE Moose_, 11; _Moose, 6225 ft._, 1. _Uinta County_: 2
mi. E Robertson, 7200 ft., 1; _9 mi. S Robertson, 8000 ft._, 21; _9 mi.
S and 2-1/2 mi. E Robertson, 8000 ft._, 1; _9-1/2 mi. S and 1 mi. W
Robertson, 8600 ft._, 2; _10 mi. S and 1 mi. W Robertson, 8700 ft._, 18;
_10-1/2 mi. S and 2 mi. E Robertson, 8900 ft._, 1; _13 mi. S and 1 mi. E
Robertson, 9000 ft._, 4; _5 mi. E Lonetree_, 1 (ROM).
_Marginal records._--Wyoming: 1/4 mi. E Moran, 6700 ft.; 2 mi. E
Robertson, 7200 ft. Utah: junction Deep Creek and Carter Creek, 7900
ft.; Paradise Park, 21 mi. W and 15 mi. N Vernal, 10,500 ft.; Ephraim,
8500 ft.; Puffer Lake; Payson Lake, 8300 ft., 12 mi. SE Payson, Mt.
Nebo; Butterfield Canyon, approximately 5 mi. above Butterfield Tunnel.
Idaho: Strawberry Creek, 20 mi. NE Preston, 6700 ft.; 3 mi. SW Victor.
=Zapus hudsonius= (Zimmerman)
(Synonymy under subspecies)
_Range._--From Pacific Coast of Alaska eastward to Atlantic Coast; from
northern limit of tree-growth south into central Colorado and
northeastern parts of Oklahoma and Georgia. See fig. 47.
[Illustration: FIG. 47. Distribution of _Zapus hudsonius_.
Guide to subspecies
1. _Z. h. acadicus_ 6. _Z. h. hudsonius_
2. _Z. h. alascensis_ 7. _Z. h. intermedius_
3. _Z. h. americanus_ 8. _Z. h. ladas_
4. _Z. h. campestris_ 9. _Z. h. pallidus_
5. _Z. h. canadensis_ 10. _Z. h. preblei_
6. _Z. h. hudsonius_ 11. _Z. h. tenellus_]
_Externals._--Size small to medium (total length 188 mm to 216 mm); tail
longer than head and body (112 mm to 134 mm) and bicolored, pale brown
to brownish-black above, white to yellowish-white below; hind feet long
(28 mm to 31 mm), grayish-white above; back ochraceous to dark brown;
sides paler than back with dark hair interspersed; lateral line usually
present but sometimes indistinct or entirely absent (when present
usually clear Ochraceous-Buff); ventral coloration white, sometimes with
suffusion of ochraceous; guard hairs average 115 microns (96u to 140u)
in diameter; underhair with pigment pattern in form of hollow, narrow
rectangles; cuticular scales of underhair large and fewer than those of
the underfur of _Z. trinotatus_, but underhair of _Z. hudsonius_
otherwise resembles that of _Z. trinotatus_.
_Baculum._--Size small (total length 4.5 mm to 4.9 mm); base medium in
width (0.64 mm to 0.72 mm); tip narrow (0.24 mm to 0.26 mm) and dished
out in dorsal aspect, blunted; shaft rounded, curving gently upward at
tip.