SPORTING DOGS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT AND TRAINING.
The pointer and the setter are the two universally recognized dogs for
hunting game birds. As to which of the two is the better variety
authorities differ, and much depends upon circumstances. For hot
climates the pointer has more endurance than the setter, but he is also
more tender and would suffer in a cold climate. Pointers do not require
so careful training, and with sportsmen who are, as is the case with
many, loose in their manner of training, a pointer will be a passably
well behaved dog where, with the same laxity, a setter would be utterly
worthless. As the value of a dog in hunting depends in such a great
degree upon his proper understanding of the work in hand, and his prompt
and faithful execution of the duties incumbent upon him, too much pains
cannot be taken with his training.
PRELIMINARY TRAINING.
The education of sporting dogs should begin in earliest puppyhood.
Unless they are early taught obedience, it will be difficult to overcome
this neglect by after training. His first lesson may be given with the
aid of a piece of beef placed before him on a plate. Naturally he will
evince an eagerness to obtain it. Prevent his doing so, by gently
tapping him upon the head, at the same time cry, “toho!” By repeating
this word each time you check his eagerness, he is taught to associate
the slap with the word and to stop when the word is used. This makes the
“point.” In a few moments after you must cry, “hie on,” and allow him to
seize the meat. “Steady” is the next lesson, and consists in allowing
him slowly to approach the plate as you keep repeating the word at short
intervals. When near the plate cry, “toho,” and never allow him to reach
the meat until you give the command, “hie on!” When you wish him to
break his point but not to “pitch in” to the meat, the command, “close
on” should be used. Before he reaches the plate, cry, “toho,” and then,
“hie on;” when he has pointed, by “close on” he must understand that he
is to move cautiously, and this he is taught by the oft repeated command
of “steady.” All these commands may be taught with patience, and
patience is absolutely necessary. No harshness should be used, and no
new lesson should be attempted until the old one is fully mastered. You
should always feed the dog yourself.
When the preceding lessons are thoroughly acquired, “charge” may be
taught. Gently force him down as you give the command, extend his fore
paws and gently place his head between them. Each time he moves, tap him
lightly and repeat the command. No more force should be used than is
absolutely requisite. Practice him frequently by crying,
“charge—charge,” with your hand upraised, and forcing him into the
desired position. To make him rise, you should cry, “hie up,” and gently
raise him. Repeat these instructions until they are fully understood and
readily obeyed, doing a little each day, but doing that thoroughly.
To retrieve is the next lesson to be taught. An old glove or other soft
substance should be used, and after allowing the pup to play with it,
toss it from you and he will rush to get it. Call him to you after he
has got it, and take it from him, rewarding him with caresses and kind
words. Repeat this plan using the command, “hie fetch,” when you wish
him to go, and “come in,” when you wish him to return. By using the
command, “come in,” on all occasions when he is a little distance from
you—when you call him to feed him—etc., he will learn to obey it. Hooper
in his excellent work[1] gives the following directions for teaching a
dog to retrieve: “Begin by placing your glove within his mouth, making
him retain it; if he rejects it, replace it, gently correcting him,
crying, ‘fetch! fetch!’ After he understands the meaning of the word
fetch you may let him accompany you in a walk, in some quiet place.
Whenever he drops the glove you must gently and encouragingly replace
it, crying, ‘fetch! fetch!’ If he rejects it the lash must be used, but
sparingly. If you study the disposition of your dog and manage properly,
he will soon perfectly understand you, and gaily and happily gambol
alongside of you, seldom dropping his charge, and if he should, he will
only need the words, ‘hie fetch! fetch!’ to make him bound back with
eagerness to regain the lost glove. You may now take the glove, cast it
from you, and tell him to ‘hie, fetch!’ He will immediately return with
the glove. You may now let him see you drop the glove, walk off thirty
or forty yards, wave your hand in the direction of the glove, and cry,
‘hie, fetch!’ He will of course regain the glove. After practising him
at this often, you may drop the glove unobserved by him. He will soon
follow your track for a considerable distance for a lost article, by
receiving the command, ‘hie, fetch!’ You may now give the glove to
another person to hide, first permitting the dog to see it in his
possession, and he will be almost certain to find it, if it is at all
accessible. In your first lessons be careful to place the glove where
your dog will be certain to find it—not too far off.”
Footnote 1:
DOG AND GUN.—Price thirty cents, post paid. An interesting and useful
work for every amateur sportsman.
[Illustration: THE SETTER.]
He should also be taught to follow closely on at the sportsman’s heel
when they are out together; this may be done by saying, “back, back!”
and striking him gently with the whip when he attempts to press forward.
Any hunting dog may be taught to retrieve notwithstanding the complaints
some sportsmen make to the contrary. Great patience is required to teach
the dog, but the result of careful training amply compensates for the
trouble. Hooper recommends that, after the dog has learned the preceding
lessons, he be made to practice them often, playing with a ball.
LESSONS IN THE FIELD.
After the dog has been thoroughly drilled in the preliminary exercises
we have described, it will be necessary to teach him their practical
application. Much of the future value and usefulness of the dog depends
upon his first day’s shooting and the manner in which he is initiated
into the sport. We again avail ourselves of Mr. Hooper’s instructions
for managing him the first day he is taken out:
“When you observe Dash more excited than usual, you may reasonably
expect a bevy near. They will not probably be far off, as he has not
become accustomed to the familiar and welcome scent that will enable him
to wind them at a distance. Now comes the trying hour for master and
pupil. The former should be perfectly cool, and should consider the
killing of game a secondary affair—let him give his attention to Dash.
The dog seems too eager for the scent—you cry ‘steady! steady!’—if he is
apparently near the game, and you are afraid he will flush, you cry
‘toho!’ You approach and find the quail do not raise—you tell him to
close on, which he does by moving rather rapidly—you check him by crying
‘steady! steady!’ he points, ‘toho!’ You now approach and flush the
bevy; be sure you bring down one bird, and it will be well that you only
fire one barrel, that you may have more time to look after Dash, who of
course scampers after the whirring bevy. You immediately cry ‘toho! come
in!’—on, on he goes; in his wild excitement he disregards your will
entirely. You now use your whistle. By this time the birds are out of
sight (but you, of course, have marked them), and he is running helter
skelter. You must soon get hold of his collar, drag him rather roughly
back to where he pointed—lashing him slightly—and make him ‘charge,’ and
keep his position until you reload; after which you will take him to
where your bird has fallen—indicate the place with your hand, crying
‘hie, fetch! fetch! fetch!’ From his previous lessons he will know that
you wish him to look for something, and his nose will soon tell him what
it is. Do not let him mouth or toy with it, or he will soon get in the
habit of roughly mouthing your game, than which I scarcely know a worse
habit.
“You may now rest for a short time, that the bevy may get over their
fright; after which they will be more easily found, for if they have
been very much frightened, they will not give out sufficient odor to
enable your pupil to point well, and he may consequently flush them,
thereby doing great harm. You cannot do better than to spend your time
in repeating your house training with the dead quail: casting it from
you, telling him to ‘close on! steady! charge! hie on! fetch!’ Cast it
some distance unobserved—waft your hand in the proper direction, and
tell him ‘hie, fetch! fetch! fetch!’ After a short time has elapsed, you
may take Dash to where you have marked the birds. When near the birds,
keep Dash near you, that he may be the more easily controlled. If he
seem too eager he only needs the command of ‘steady!’ to control him.
Let the command be in rather an undertone—never get into the snobbish
habit of _bawling_ at your dog. Apart from its being an ungentlemanly
habit, it frightens the quail more or less, and they will not lie so
well to the dog. Ha! but Dash has _come_ down to a point most
beautifully, ‘toho!’ You carefully approach, flush and shoot the bird,
and immediately give your attention to the dog, crying ‘charge!’ in a
strong and emphatic tone; if he breaks, get hold of his collar as soon
as possible and lash him, and at the same time drag him to his ‘point’
and make him ‘charge’ and keep his position until you reload. You then
cry ‘hie up,’ make friends with him, and cast him off—he soon points
again. You manage to get very near the dog, and when you fire,
immediately cry ‘charge!’ and it would be well to accompany ‘the word
with a blow,’ at this juncture. You make him charge, reload, cry ‘hie
up,’ indicate the point where the bird has fallen, and command him to
‘hie fetch!’ You cast him off again, and _always_ manage to control him
after you fire—_never, never_ suffering him to break shot without
feeling the lash. Remember this is the most critical time for yourself
and dog. Never suffer yourself to become excited; do not for some time
fire more than one barrel, that you may sooner give your attention to
Dash, and you will accomplish much if you can be near enough to Dash to
give him the lash as he first springs from the point, at the same time
crying ‘charge!’ If you do not suffer yourself to become excited, and
lose sight of your dog after your shot, you will soon have him drop at
the report of the gun; but rest assured, if you let him have his own way
a few times, in your eagerness to secure game, you will rue it for many
a day to come. You cannot have this fact too strongly impressed upon
yourself. If you control him _from the first_, your object will be
attained. If Dash evinces unusual perverseness in this, it will be well
to make him ‘charge’ while on a ‘point.’ Even should he see a dead bird
fall, he should not retrieve without permission.”
It is a maxim in hunting never to allow a dog to run ahead of another in
a point, but either to make him back, or come in to heel. Besides the
danger of flushing your game, it would be permitting an unfair advantage
to be taken of the dog doing his duty in the lead, of both which a dog
of nice sensibility will show himself to be conscious. It happened, some
years since, that a party was out, near Old Point Comfort in Virginia,
with a fine pointer belonging to Mr. A——. A small terrier had
accompanied them, and whenever the pointer would take his stand, the
terrier would rush by him, and put up the birds. Repeating this
vexatious, ungentlemanly conduct several times, the pointer was seen to
grow impatient. At last having found another bevy, as the terrier
attempted to pass him, the pointer seized him, and placing his fore paws
on him, held him fast, growling to keep him quiet, and maintaining his
point until the sportsmen came up.
WATER DOGS.
The Newfoundland is unquestionably the water dog par excellence, and
probably the best individuals of the variety are the celebrated dogs
used for duck shooting on the margin of Chesapeake Bay and commonly
called the Chesapeake Bay Water Dog. These animals being derived from
ancestors of pure breed, and the constant training from generation to
generation having caused the transmission of their excellent qualities
in increased measure to each successive generation, are probably
unrivalled by any other in their particular forte. Owing to thoughtless
and injudicious mixing of breeds a true Newfoundland is rarely seen.
Although the purer the breed the better water dog he will be, yet many
dogs of mixed breeds possessing considerable Newfoundland blood, make
excellent dogs for ordinary aquatic sporting.
On breeding the water dog little need be said, for, like Dogberry’s
reading and writing, his education “comes by nature.” In his infancy he
may be taught to bring a glove and lay it down at your feet as he should
do; and, by practice, the comprehension and fulfillment of his various
duties will soon follow. He will be found, with judicious encouragement
and exercise of authority, more docile than a child. They have been
known at four months old to fetch a duck, but lest the constitution be
impaired, they should not be put too early at hard service.
“Canton,” a celebrated Newfoundland, owned by Dr. Stewart, of Sparrow’s
Point—a great sportsman in his day—was noted for a number of remarkable
feats in securing “canvas backs” on the Chesapeake. She surpassed her
species generally in unrivalled devotion to the water, and to the sport
of ducking, as carried on by the doctor’s colored man, Varnell, with his
murderous swivel gun. Her patience and endurance were almost incredible.
She was the heroine of many desperate encounters with wounded swans,
often pursuing them for miles, and many were her exploits among rotten
and floating ice, in pursuit of wounded ducks, sometimes, in fogs and
darkness. On one occasion she brought out twenty-two or twenty-three
ducks, all killed or wounded by Varnell at a single shot. A good deal of
time was lost in pursuing these wounded ducks, and at the close of this
pursuit, it being then dark, Varnell gave up the slut as lost, so many
hours had she been engaged in bringing out her game; but after Varnell
had sorrowfully turned his face homeward, she overtook him with one or
two ducks in her mouth; and the old doctor stated that he remembered
Varnell saying that at one time, when she was most fatigued, she climbed
on a cake of floating ice, and after resting herself on it, renewed the
pursuit of the ducks.