causas seguidas ante el tribunal de Toledo, pp. 84, 326 (Madrid, 1903).
Mendo tells us (Epitome Opinionum Moralium, Append. de Matrimonio, n.
4) of similar cases in which the unfortunates were burnt.
[411] Torreblanca, Epitome Delictorum sive de Magia, Lib. II, cap. ix.
The first edition of this work appeared in Seville, in 1618. My copy is
of Lyons, 1678.
[412] Th. Sanchez in Præcepta Decalogi Lib. II, cap. xl, n. 13.
[413] Pegnæ Append. in Eymerici Director., p. 142.
[414] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. IV, fol. 118, 124, 137;
Lib. V, _passim_.--Archivo de Simancas, Gracia y Justicia, Leg. 629.
The clause reads--"necnon de hæresi seu apostasia de fide suspectos,
sortilegia manifestam hæresim sapientia, divinationes et incantationes
aliaque diabolica maleficia et prestigia committentes, aut magicas
et necromanticas artes exercentes, illorumque credentes, sequaces,
defensores, fautores et receptatores.... per te vel alium seu alios
prout juris fuerit inquirendi, procedendi et exequi seu inquiri,
procedi et exequi faciendi."
[415] Torreblanca, Lib. III, cap. ix, Append.; Defensa, cap. ii, p.
536.--Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 299, fol. 80.
The bull, however, was not received in Valencia until 1616.--Ibidem,
Leg. 6, n. 2, fol. 56.
[416] Torreblanca, cap. IX, n. 25-26.
[417] Nueva Recop., Lib. VIII, Tit. iii, ley 8.--Novís. Recop., Lib.
XII, Tit. V, ley 2.
[418] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.
[419] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 37.
[420] Ibidem, Lib. 52, fol. 48.
[421] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 1, n. 3, fol.
14-15.
[422] Reprovacion de las Supersticiones, P. II, Cap. iii.
[423] De Cath. Institt. Tit. XXI, n. 9; Tit. LXIII, n. 7.
[424] Reusch, Die Indices, pp. 217, 225, 227, 236, 239.--The two
prohibited books are _Arcandam de nativitatibus seu fatalis dies_ and
_Johannes Schonerus de nativitatibus_.
[425] Córtes de Cordova del año de setenta, Peticion 71 (Alcalá, 1575).
[426] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1157, fol. 17-20.
[427] Index of Quiroga, Rule IX (Madriti, 1583, fol. 4).
[428] Zanctornato, Relatione della Corte di Spagna, pp. 6, 7
(Cosmopoli, 1678).
[429] Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap. xiv, § 1.
[430] Ibidem, D, 118, p. 148.
[431] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.
[432] Ibidem, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.--Cf. Bedæ Opera, Ed. Migne,
I, 963-66.
[433] Praxis procedendi, cap. xviii, n. 3 (Archivo hist. nacional, Inq.
de Valencia).--Bibl. nacional, MSS., S, 294, fol. 116.
[434] Proceso contra Isabel de Montoya (MS. _penes me_).
[435] Praxis procedendi, cap. VIII, n. 5 (Archivo hist. nacional, Inq.
de Valencia).
[436] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218^{b}, p. 382.
[437] Matute y Luquin, pp. 84-105.
[438] Royal Library of Berlin, Qt. 9548.
[439] Reprovacion de las Supersticiones, P. I, cap. ii; P. II, cap. i;
P. III, cap. v.
[440] Epitome Delictorum, Lib. III, cap. i, n. 1-6.
[441] Miguel Calvo (Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 544^{2}, Lib.
4).--Elucidationes Sancti Officii, §§ 40, 43 (Ibidem).
[442] Archivo hist. nacional., Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 7, fol. 4,
7;n. 10, fol. 10-13.
[443] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 11, 13.
[444] Ibidem, fol. 26, 28, 29.
[445] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 2.
[446] MSS. of Bibl. nacional de Lima.
[447] MSS. of David Fergusson Esq.
[448] Regimento do Santo Officio da Inquisição pelo Cardeal da Cunha,
pp. 118-20, 123-7.
[449] Llorente, Anales, II, 270.
[450] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.
[451] Proceso contra Rosa Conejos (MS. _penes me_).
[452] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 890.
[453] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq., de Valencia, Leg. 100.
[454] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 890; Lib. 559.
[455] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.--Archivo hist.
nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.
[456] Royal Library of Berlin, Qt. 9548.--Matute y Luquin, pp. 278-92.
[457] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.
[458] Amador de los Rios (Revista de España, XVIII, 338-40). See also
Menéndez y Pelayo, Heterodoxos Españoles, I, 237.
[459] P. Ricardo Cappa, La Inquisicion española, p. 242 (Madrid, 1888).
Father Cappa only enunciates the belief still taught by the Church.
See S. Alph. Liguori, _Theol. Moralis_, Lib. III, Dub. V, and Marc,
_Institutiones Morales Alphonsianæ_, I, 396-7 (Romæ, 1893).
[460] The earliest appearance of the Sabbat in inquisitorial records
would seem to be in some trials, between 1330 and 1340 in Carcassonne
and Toulouse, where it connects itself curiously with remnants of
the Dualism of the Cathari.--Hansen, Zauberwahn, Inquisition und
Hexenprozess im Mittelalter, p. 315 (München, 1900).
[461] Raynald. Annal., ann. 1437, n. 27; ann. 1457, n. 90; ann. 1459,
n. 30.--Ripoll, Bullar. Ord. Prædic. III, 193.--Bullar. Roman. I,
429.--Septimi Decretal, Lib. V, Tit. xii, cap. 1, 3, 6.--Bart. Spinæi
de Strigibus, p. 14(Romæ, 1576).
[462] Frag. Capitular. cap. 13 (Baluze, II, 365).--Reginon. de Eccles.
Discip. II, 364.--Burchard. Decret. XI, i; XIX, 5.--Ivon. Decret., XI,
30.--Gratian. Decret. II, XXVI, V, 12.
[463] S. Antonini Confessionale.--Angeli de Clavasio Summa Angelica,
s. v. _Interrogationes_.--Bart. de Chaimis Interrogatorium, fol. 22
(Venetiis, 1480).
[464] Hansen, Quellen und Untersuchungen, zur Geschichte des Hexenwahns
und der Hexenverfolgung im Mittelalter, pp. 105-9 (Bonn, 1901).
[465] Fortalicium Fidei, Lib. V, Consid. X.--Hansen, _op. cit._, pp.
113-17.
[466] Martini de Arles, Tractatus de Superstitionibus, pp. 362-5,
413-15 (Francofurti ad Moenam, 1581).
Hansen (_op. cit._, p. 308) says that Martin of Aries is known only
through this tract, of which the first edition is of 1517. Martin
cites no authority later than John Nider, who died in 1438, and makes
no allusion to the Inquisition, which he could scarce have failed to
do had it been in existence when he wrote. His work may probably be
assigned to the third quarter of the fifteenth century.
[467] Bernardi Basin, Tract. de Magicis Artibus, Prop. IX.
[468] Repert, Inquisitor, s. v. _Xorguinæ_.
[469] Alonso de Spina, however (_loc. cit._), knows of no gatherings at
the Sabbat nearer than Dauphiny and Gascony, and these he learned from
paintings of them in the Inquisition at Toulouse, which had burnt many
of those concerned.
[470] Libro Verde de Aragon (Revista de España, CVI, 573-6, 581-3).
[471] Llorente, Añales, I, 340; Hist. crít., cap. XXXVII, art. ii, n.
41.
[472] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 72, P. I, fol. 120; P. II, fol.
50.
[473] Arn. Albertini de agnoscendis Assertionibus, Q. XXIV, n. 13
(Romæ, 1572, fol. 114).
[474] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 73, fol. 215.
[475] MSS. of Bodleian Library, Arch Seld. 130.
[476] For the inhuman methods employed to secure confession and
conviction, on the flimsiest evidence, see the very instructive essay
"The Fate of Dietrich Flade" by Professor George Burr (New York, 1891),
reprinted from the Transactions of the American Historical Association.
[477] Mallei Malificar, P. I, Q. xiv; P. II, Q. i, C. 3, 16.--Prieriat.
de Strigimagarum Lib. III, cap. 3.
The rule that the heretic or apostate who confessed and recanted was
to be admitted to reconciliation was at the bottom of the anxiety of
the secular magistrates to maintain their jurisdiction over witchcraft,
and the relations between them and the Inquisition were the subject of
much debate. Arn. Albertino argues that the Inquisition can make no
distinction between witches who have and who have not committed murder;
they must all be reconciled, but can again be accused of homicide
before a competent judge; yet the inquisitor, to escape irregularity,
must not transmit to the secular court the confessions and evidence,
nor must he, in the sentences, mention these crimes, as that would be
setting the judge on the track.--De agnosc. Assertionibus, Q. XXIV, n.
28, 66, 67, 68, 70, 72, 75.
[478] MSS. of Bodleian Library, Arch Seld. 130.--Archivo de Simancas,
Inq., Lib. 78, fol. 216.
[479] Bibl. national, MSS., II, 88.--MSS. of Bodleian Library, Arch
Seld. 130.
This document may safely be assumed as the source from which Prudencio
de Sandoval, himself Bishop of Pampeluna and historiographer of Charles
V, drew his account of the persecution of 1527 (Hist. del Emp. Carlos
V, Lib. XVI, § 15) copied by Llorente (Hist. crít., cap. XV, art. 1, n.
6-9).
[480] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 76, fol. 51, 53.
There seems to have been a somewhat earlier persecution of the witches
of Biscay by Fray Juan de Zumarraga, a native of Durango. At the
suggestion of Charles V, who greatly admired him, he was sent there
for that purpose as commissioner of the Inquisition, being specially
qualified by his knowledge of the language. After discharging this
duty with much ability, Charles, in 1528, sent him to Mexico as its
first bishop. He took with him Fray Andrés de Olmos, who had been his
assistant in Biscay. In 1548, at the age of 80 he died in the odor of
sanctity and his death was miraculously known the same day over all
Mexico.--Mendieta, Hist. ecles. Indiana, pp. 629, 636, 644 (Mexico,
1870)
[481] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 108.
[482] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 76, fol. 369.
[483] Ibidem, fol. 388.
[484] Arn. Albertini de agnosc. Assertionibus, Q. XXIV.--Alph. de
Castro de justa hæreticor. Punitione, Lib. I, cap. xvi.
[485] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 78, fol. 144.
[486] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 191-5.
[487] Ibidem, Lib. 78, fol. 215-17, 226, 258.
[488] Reprovacion de las Supersticiones, P. I, cap. ii, n. 6; P. II,
cap. i, n. 5-7.
[489] De Cath. Institt., Tit. XXXVII, n. 6-12.
On the other hand Azpilcueta adheres to the theory of illusion and
asserts it to be a mortal sin to believe that witches are transported
to the Sabbat.--Manuale Confessariorum, cap. XI, n. 38.
Cardinal Toletus asserts the bodily transport of witches and all the
horrors of the Sabbat, but adds that sometimes it is imaginary. Demons
have power to introduce witches into houses through closed doors, where
they slay infants.--Summæ Casuum Conscientiæ, Lib. IV, cap. XV.
[490] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.--This case is
not unexampled. In 1686, Sor Teresa Gabriel de Vargas, a Bernardine
Recollect, charged herself with the same crime before the Madrid
tribunal, but, as she added the denial of the power of God, she was
reconciled for the heresy.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 1024, fol.
31.
Even more significant is the case of Sor Rosa de San Joseph Barrios,
a Clare of the convent of San Diego, Garachico, Canaries, a woman
of 25 who, in July 1773, in sacramental confession to Fray Nicolás
Peraza, related how, through desire to gratify her lust, she had given
herself to Satan, in a writing which disappeared from her hand, and
at his command had renounced God and the Virgin and had treated the
consecrated host and a crucifix with the foulest indignities. In reward
for this during four years he had served her as an incubus, coming at
her call about twice a month. Fray Peraza applied to the tribunal for
a commission to absolve her which was granted and, on August 15th, he
reported having done so, with fuller details as to her apostasy. The
tribunal then decided that he had exceeded his powers; it evidently did
not regard the case as hallucination for it required her to be formally
reconciled and prescribed a course of life-long spiritual penance,
which she gratefully accepted. An incident not readily explicable
is that the bishop deprived Fray Peraza of the faculty of hearing
confessions.--Birch, Catalogue of MSS. of the Inquisition in the Canary
Islands, I, p. 21; II, pp. 922-30.
[491] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 927, fol. 462.
[492] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 79, fol. 226; Inq. de Logroño,
Procesos de fe, Leg. 1, n. 8; Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 221.
[493] Archivo de Simancas, Patronato Real, Leg. único, fol. 86, 87;
Inq., Lib. 83, fol. 7.
[494] Ibidem, Lib. 83, fol. 1.
[495] MSS. of Library of University of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.--Bibl.
nacional, MSS., D, 111, fol. 127.--See Appendix.
[496] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 5.
[497] Archivo de Simancas, Inq. de Logroño, Leg. 1, Procesos de fe, n.
8.
[498] Ibidem, Leg. 1, Procesos de fe, n. 8; Lib. 19, fol. 85.
[499] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 19, fol. 85.
[500] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 564, fol. 341, 343.
[501] A narrative, not an official report, of this auto was printed in
Logroño in 1611, a copy of which is in the Bibl. nacional, D, 118, p.
271. It was reprinted in Cádiz in 1812 and again in Madrid, in 1820,
with notes by Moratin el hijo under the pseudonym of the Bachiller
Gines de Posadilla (Menéndez y Pelayo, III, 281). There is another
abstract of the auto, compiled from various relations by Pedro of
Valencia, in the MSS. of the Bodleian Library, Arch Seld. A, Subt. 10.
Pierre de Lancre of Bordeaux, in his contemporary book on witchcraft,
assumes that the outbreak in Navarre was caused by the flight of
witches from the Pays de Labour, which he and his colleague had
purified with merciless severity. He comments on the difference shown,
in the auto of Logroño, between inquisitorial practice in Spain,
where the offence was treated as spiritual and those who confessed
and professed repentance were admitted to reconciliation, and that of
France where it was a crime and those who confessed were burnt by the
secular authorities.--Pierre de Lancre, Tableau de l'Inconstance des
mauvais Angels et Demons, pp. 391, 561-2 (Paris, 1613).
[502] Archivo de Simancas, Inq. de Logroño, Leg. 1, Procesos de fe, n.
8.
[503] This discourse was not printed but was circulated in MS. Nicholas
Antonio had two copies (Bib. nova, II, 244). There is one in the
Simancas archives, Lib. 939, fol. 608, and another in the Bodleian
Library. Arch Seld. A, Subt. 10.
[504] The most prolific source of evidence against individuals was that
obtained by requiring those who confessed to enumerate the persons whom
they had seen in the aquelarres. This explains the enormous numbers
of the accused during epidemics of the witchcraft craze. The value of
such evidence was a disputed question, as it was argued that the demon
frequently caused deception by making spectres appear in the guise of
absent persons.
[505] Archivo de Simancas, Inq. de Logroño, Leg. 1, Procesos de fe, n.
8.
In the Royal Library of Copenhagen (MS. 218^{b}, p. 379) there is a
printed four-page set of instructions to commissioners on receiving
confession and testimony as to witchcraft. It is in conformity with the
above, but goes into much detail as to the interrogatories to be put,
after carefully writing down the confession or deposition--a kind of
cross-examination evidently suggestive of complete incredulity. It is
without date, but the typography seems to be that of the seventeenth
century.
[506] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 30, fol. 1.
[507] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol 1.
[508] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 26, 28.
[509] Epitome Delictorum, Lib. II, cap. xxviii, xxxix, xl; Lib. III,
cap. xiii.
[510] Ibidem, Defensa, p. 517; cap. ii, n. 4, 7.
[511] Reprovacion de las Supersticiones, pp. 251-63 (Ed. 1628).
[512] Manuale Qualificatorum, cap. xviii, Sect 3, § 9.
[513] Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap. xiii, §§ 1, 2.
[514] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 17.
[515] Elucidationes S. Officii, § 42 (Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg.
544^{2}, Lib. 4).
[516] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552.
[517] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.--Royal Library of
Berlin, Qt. 9548.
[518] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 390.
[519] Ibidem, Leg. 365, n. 45, fol. 34.
[520] Ibidem, Leg. 100.
It is asserted by some writers that a woman was burnt as a witch
at Seville in 1780, but this is an erroneous reference to María de
Dolores, relaxed there in 1780 for Molinism (_supra_, p. 89).
[521] Cartas del Filósofo rancio, II, 493.
[522] The sentence is printed by Frère Michaelis, at the end of his
_Pneumatologie_ (Paris, 1587).
[523] Ragguaglio su la Sentenza di Morte in Salesburgo, p. 173(Venezia,
1751).
[524] Collect. Decret. S. Congr. S^{ti} Inquisit., p. 333 (MS. _penes
me_).--Decret. S. Congr. S. Inquisit. pp. 385-88 (Bibl. del R. Archivio
di Stato in Roma, Fondo Camerale, Congr. del S. Officio, Vol. 3).
The inquisitor of Milan took no part in the trials of those accused
of causing and spreading the terrible pestilence of 1630, by the use
of unguents and powders furnished by the demon. His only act was to
return a negative answer to the question whether it was licit to employ
diabolic arts to save the city. The reckless prosecutions and savage
punishments were wholly the work of the civil magistracy.--Processo
originale degli Untori (Milano, 1839).
The pestilence did not extend to Spain, but the panic did, leading
to the most extravagant precautions against all foreigners.--MSS. of
Bodleian Library, Arch Seld. A, Subt. 11.
[525] Decret. S. Congr. S. Inquis., _ubi sup._
[526] Decret. S. Congr. S. Inquis., _ubi sup._
[527] Gregor. PP. XV, Const. _Omnipotentis Dei_, 20 Mart. 1623 (Bullar.
Roman., III, 498).
Urban VIII was equally savage in 1631, in ordering relaxation for any
one who should consult diviners or astrologers about the state of the
Christian Republic, or the life of the pope or of any of his kindred to
the third degree (Bullar. IV, 184).
It was probably under this that the Inquisition, in 1634, relaxed
Giacinto Centini and two of his accomplices and condemned four others
to the galleys. He was nephew of the Cardinal of Ascoli, and procured
from a diviner a forecast that Urban would die in a few years and would
be succeeded by his uncle. To hasten accomplishment, figurines of wax
were made representing Urban and were melted. Centini, as a noble, was
beheaded and his two most guilty accomplices were hanged, before being
burnt.--Royal Library of Munich, Cod. Ital. 29, fol. 104-18.
[528] Instructio pro formandis processibus in causis Strygum, cum
Carenæ Annotationibus (Carenæ Tract. de Off. SS. Inquisit., Lugduni,
1669, pp. 487 sqq). Carena's comments show how differently these cases
were treated in Italy from the practice beyond the Alps.
See also Masini's rule forbidding action on the denunciation of those
seen in the Sabbat.--Sacro Arsenale, Decima Parte, n. 141.
[529] Ristretto circa li Delitti più frequenti nel S. Offizio, pp. 57-9
(MS. _penes me_).
[530] Casus Conscientiæ Benedicti XIV, Dec. 1743, Cas. iii (Ferrariæ,
1764, p. 155).--De Servorum Dei Beatificatione, Lib. IV, P. i, cap. 3,
n. 3.
[531] S. Alphonsi Liguori Theol. Moralis, Lib. III, n. 26.
[532] Nic. Remigii Demonolatreiæ Libri Tres. Colon. Agrip. 1596.
[533] G. Plitt Henke in Realencyclopädie, VI, 97.
[534] Pierre de Lancre, Tableau de l'inconstance des mauvais Anges, pp.
114, 119 (Paris, 1613).
De Lancre was a learned conseiller of the Parlement of Bordeaux and
his colleague on the commission was the President d' Espaignet. It
is instructive to observe that while he was drawing up his terrific
relation of the manner in which they had intensified the witchcraft
craze, until the churches at night would be filled with children
brought there by their mothers to prevent their being carried off to
the aquellares (p. 193), Inquisitor Salazar, on the other side of the
Pyrenees, was extinguishing it by simple rational treatment.
[535] Rogers, Scotland, Social and Domestic, p. 302. (London, 1869).
[536] Commentaries, IV, 60 (Oxford, 1775).
[537] Lettres à un Gentilhomme Russe, Let. I.--"L'Inquisition est un
instrument purement royal; it est tout entier en la main du roi, et
jamais il ne peut nuire que par la faute des ministres du prince."
[538] "Sie ist kein kirchliches, sondern ein Staats institut,
theilweise mit kirchlichen Formen." (Gams, Die Kirchengeschichte
von Spanien, Buch XIII, Kap. 1, § 3.) "Das neue Herrscherpaar ...
gestaltete die Inquisition zu einem wichtigen Staatsinstitut."
(Hergenrother, Handbuch der Kirchengeschichte, II, 765. Freiburg, 1885).
[539] Hefele, Der Cardinal Ximenes, XVIII, p. 265 (Tübingen, 1851).
The most recent apologist, who assures us that the Church never used
other than moral force, displays his accuracy by telling us that,
in 1521, Leo X excommunicated Torquemada on account of his cruelty,
against the protests of Charles V, and also that in England Henry
VIII executed 70,000 victims and Queen Elizabeth 43,000.--G. Romain,
L'Inquisition, son rôle religieux, politique et social, pp. 10, 11,
2^{e} Edition, Paris, 1900.
[540] Ranke, Die Osmanen und die Spanische Monarchie, pp. 195-8
(Leipzig, 1877).--Maurenbrecher, Geschichte der Katholischen
Reformation, I, 45 (Nördlingen, 1880).
[541] Rodrigo, Historia verdadera, I, 264; II, 87; III, 363.--Ortí
y Lara, La Inquisicion, p. 2 (Madrid, 1877).--Cappa, S. J., La
Inquisicion española, p. 28 (Madrid, 1888).--Pastor, Geschichte der
Päpste, II, 584.
[542] Llorente, Añales, II, 209, 229.--Dormer, Añales de Aragon, Lib.
I, cap. 27.
[543] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 43, fol. 297.--Críticos
Documentos que sirven como de segunda Parte al Proceso de Fr. Froilan
Diaz, pp. 7-8 (Madrid, 1788).
[544] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 270.
At the same time there is no doubt that contemporary statesmen,
disposed to regard with cynical incredulity the fervor of Philip's
fanaticism, were apt to look upon the Inquisition as an artful
instrumentality to keep the people in subjection. See the remarks of
Giovanni Soranzo in Vol. I, p. 442.
[545] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 1.
[546] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 1; Lib. 2, fol. 4.
[547] Llorente, Hist. crít., cap. XXVII, art. iii.
[548] Danvila y Collado, La Germanía de Valencia, pp. 178, 492.
[549] Llorente, Hist. crít., cap. XXVII, art. iv, n. 5-10.
[550] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. V, p. 279.--Miscelanea de Zapata
(Mem. hist. español, XI, 244).
[551] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 19, fol. 48.
[552] Few episodes in Spanish history have been more exhaustively
investigated than the career of Antonio Pérez and its consequences.
Ample materials for its elucidation exist in the Spanish archives, in
the Llorente collections preserved in the Bibliothèque nationale of
France, at The Hague and in the British Museum, and these have been
industriously utilized by modern writers. The contemporary sources are--
Las Obras y Relaciones de Antonio Pérez, Paris, 1654.
Proceso criminel que se fulminó contra Antonio Pérez, Madrid, 1788.
Argensola, Informacion de los sucesos del Reino de Aragon en los años
de 1590 y 1591. Madrid, 1808.
Coleccion de Documentos inéditos, Vols. XII, XV, LVI.
Giambattista Confalonieri, in Spicilegio Vaticano, Vol. I, P. II, pp.
226 sqq.
Tommaso Contarini, in Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. V, p. 401.
Cabrera, Historia de Felipe II, T. II, pp. 448, 540; T. III, pp. 529
sqq (Ed. 1876-77).
Lanuza, Historias eclesiasticas y seculares de Aragon, T. II, Lib. II,
III. (Zaragoza, 1622).
The principal modern authorities are--
Llorente, Historia crítica, cap. XXXV, XXXVI.
Mignet, Antonio Pérez et Philippe II, Paris, 1854.
Pidal, Historia de las Alteraciones de Aragon en el Reinado de Felipe
II, 3 vols, Madrid, 1862-3.
Muro, Vida de la Princesa de Eboli, Madrid, 1877.
Philippson (Ein Ministerium unter Philipp II, Berlin, 1895) and Major
Hume (Españoles é Ingleses, Madrid, 1903) give interesting details as
to the earlier events.
[553] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. V, p. 485.
The assertion of the co-operation of the Inquisition and the Royal
Council, which were habitually antagonistic, shows how little the envoy
knew of the inner working of Spanish administration.
[554] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.
[555] Vida y Escritos del P. Juan de Mariana, pp. lxix-lxxviii
(Historia de España, Valencia, 1783, T. I).--Alegambe, Scriptt. Soc.
Jesu, p. 258.--De Backer, V, 518.
The "Tratado y Discurso sobre la Moneda de Vellon" of course was
suppressed and became scarce. My copy is in MS., transcribed in 1799.
Mariana did not conceal from himself the danger to be incurred. In
his address to the Reader he says--"Bien veo que algunos me tendrian
por atrevido, otros por inconsiderado, pues no advierto el riesgo que
corro."
[556] Archivo de Simancas, Inq. de Barcelona, Córtes, Leg. 17, fol.
9.--Libro XIII de Cartas, fol. 195 (MSS. of Am. Philos. Society).
[557] Llorente, Hist. crítica, cap. XXXVIII, n. 17, 19.
[558] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 10, n. 2, fol. 153.
[559] Bibl. nacional, MSS., H, 177, fol. 251.
[560] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 56, fol. 605.
[561] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 383.
[562] Bibl. nacional, MSS., Mm, 130.
[563] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.
[564] Cartas del Filósofo rancio, II, 496.
[565] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 559.
[566] MS. penes me.
[567] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 559.
[568] Relacion histórica de la Judería de Sevilla, p. 49 (Sevilla,
1849).
[569] Córtes de Leon y de Castilla, I, 450.--Nueva Recop., Lib. VI,
Tit. xviii, ley 12.
[570] Dormer, Añales de Aragon, Lib. II, cap. xli.
[571] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 79, fol. 75.
[572] Fueros y Observancias del Reyno de Aragon, fol. 215. Cf. fol. 194
(Zaragoza, 1624).
[573] Lib. V in Sexto, Tit. vi, cap. 6.--Digard, Registres de Boniface
VIII, n. 2354.--Bullar. Roman. I, 507, 718; II, 496.
[574] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 16, fol.
272.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 82, fol. 130; Lib. 939, fol. 115.
[575] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 83, fol. 26.
[576] Argensola, op. cit., p. 199.
[577] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 8.
[578] Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap. xxv, xxvi.
[579] Bibl. nationale de France, fonds espagnol, T. 85, fol. 7.
[580] Libro XIII de Cartas (MSS. of Am. Philos. Society).
[581] MSS. of the Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218^{b}, p. 259.--Novís.
Recop., Lib. IX, Tit. xii, ley 11.
[582] Urbani PP. VIII Bull. _In eminenti_, 6 Mart. 1641.--Innocent PP
X. Bull. _Cum occasione_, 31 Maii, 1653 (Bullar. V, 369, 486).
A precursor of Jansen was Michel de Bay or Baius, a theologian of
Louvain, whose seventy-nine propositions were condemned by Pius V and
Gregory XIII and were publicly abjured by him before the University,
May 24, 1580. His name does not occur in the Spanish Indexes before
that of 1632, (p. 761) where he is spoken of as a man of high
reputation who abandoned his errors.
[583] Letter of Benedict XIV to Inquisitor-general Prado y Cuesta
(Semanário erúdito, XXX, 53).
[584] Indice de 1707, I, 19, 28, 231-2, 478.
[585] Nic. Anton. Biblioth. Vet. Lib. VI, cap. xi, n. 268.
[586] Memorial espagnol presenté á sa Majesté Catholique contre les
pretendus Jansenistes du Pays-Bas, p. 45 (s. 1. 1699).
This is a memorial drawn up by Juan de Palazol, S. J., in the name and
by order of Tirso González, the Jesuit General. To it I am indebted for
the details that follow.
In January 1691 a congregation of the Flemish bishops addressed to the
Roman Inquisition an urgent appeal for help in their struggle with the
Jansenists, whose missionary and controversial efforts were incessant
and successful. It illustrates the elusory character of the theological
subtilties involved that the bishops sent, as a specially successful
exposure of Jansenist devices, a little book under the name of Cornelis
van Cranebergh, but Rome thought differently of it and condemned
it by decree of March 19, 1692. Its real author was the Jesuit
Jacques de la Fontaine, who was one of the most zealous champions
against Jansenism.--Collectio Synodorum Archiep. Mechliniensis, I,
575.--Reusch, Der Index, II, 645.--De Backer, IV, 230.
[587] Le Tellier, Recueil des Bulles et Constitutions etc. p. 125
(Mons, 1697).
[588] These details are not without interest as indicating the causes
which led to the establishment of the still existing schismatic see of
Utrecht.
[589] Suplemento á el Indice, 1739, p. 36.--Manuel F. Miguélez,
Jansenismo y Regalismo en España, pp. 98 sqq. (Valladolid, 1895). Fray
Miguélez is an Augustinian, seeking to vindicate St. Augustin and his
Order from Jesuit attacks. His work is based on inedited documentary
material.
[590] Miguélez, _op. cit._, pp. 90-5.--Semanário erúdito, XXX, 53.
[591] Miguélez, _op. cit._--In connection with Padre Rábago it may be
mentioned that, in 1747, when already royal confessor, he was denounced
to the Santiago tribunal for solicitation, but escaped trial under
the rule requiring two denunciations. Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de
Toledo, Leg. 233, n. 108, fol. 60.
The Indice Ultimo of 1790 (p. 192) records the removal of Noris's books
and prohibits all writings on both sides of the affair.
[592] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. V, p. 484.
[593] Jo. Nic. von Hontheim, De Statu Ecclesiæ et legitima Potestate
Romani Pontificis. Bullioni, 1763.
[594] Miguélez, _op. cit._, pp. 274, 364, 366, 380.
[595] Rafael de Vélez, Apología del Altar y del Trono, I, 442 (Madrid,
1825).-Clément, Journal de Correspondances et de Voyages pour la Paix
de l'Eglise, II, 31 (Paris, 1802).
Clément, then canon and treasurer of Auxerre, and subsequently Bishop
of Versailles, was a self-appointed negotiator in 1768 to prevent the
schism, which he thought was impending, and to unite all the courts in
opposition to Ultramontanism. His candid self-complacency and belief
in his own importance give a certain life to his otherwise formless
account of his mission, while his dread lest the Inquisition should
obtain knowledge of what he was doing shows how thoroughly it was on
the Ultramontane side.
[596] Cartas del Filósofo rancio, II, 32.
[597] Muriel, Historia de Carlos IV (Mem. hist. español, XXXIV, 119).
[598] Menéndez y Pelayo, III, 245.
[599] Clément, II, 102.
[600] Llorente, Hist. crít., cap. xxix, art. iii, n. 1, 2; cap. XLIII,
art. iii, n. 1.
[601] Clément, _op. cit._, II, 44, 83-5, 296-7.
[602] Ferrer del Rio, Historia de Carlos III, Lib. II, cap. ii, iv.
The trial of Dr. Benito Navarro, a Jesuit Tertiary, was printed at the
time and indicates the participation of the Jesuits in the troubles,
with the object of forcing the restoration to power of the Marquis of
la Ensenada. Incidentally the evidence shows the enormous influence
wielded by the Jesuits through having their creatures in governmental
positions, where they could mislead and betray their superiors.
To statesmen like Aranda, Campomanes, Roda and Floridablanca,
the continued existence of the Jesuits in Spain was a manifest
impossibility.
The documents connected with the expulsion are printed by Miraflores
in his "Documentos á los qué se hace referencia en los apuntes
historico-críticos sobre la Revolucion de España," II, 38-71 (Londres,
1834).
[603] Novís. Recop., Lib. viii, Tit. i-ix.--Carta de Josef Clíment,
Obispo de Barcelona, 26 de Junio, 1767.
[604] MSS of Am. Philos. Society.
[605] Art de Vérifier les Dates depuis l'année 1770, III, 358. A
subsequent decree of March 11, 1798, permitted the ex-Jesuits to live
with their kindred or in convents, provided that this was not in any
royal residence (Original _penes me_).
[606] Muriel, Hist. de Carlos IV, _loc. cit._--Cartas del Filósofo
rancio, II, 34.--Vélez, Apología, I, 44-6.
Yet the _Acta et Decreta Synodi Dioecesance Pistoriensis anni 1786_,
against which the bull _Auctorem fidei_ was directed, were not
prohibited until March 18, 1801.--Suplemento al Indice Expurgatorio, p.
1 (Madrid, 1805).
On May 18, 1801, the Commissioners of the Canary tribunal at Orotava
report to it that the edict has been duly read and affixed to the doors
of the parish churches.--Birch, Catalogue of the MSS. of the Inq. in
the Canary Islands, II, 1008.
[607] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 17, n. 3, fol. 16.
[608] Llorente, Hist. crít., cap. XXV, n. 33, 34; cap. XXIX, art. iii,
n. 5; cap. XLIII, art. iii, n. 5.
[609] Se vió á todos los jansenistas, impios y hombres desmoralizados
ponerse del lado de los invasores.--Vic. de la Fuente, Hist.
eclesiastica, III, 463.--Cf. Cartas del Filósofo rancio, _passim_.
[610] Vélez. Apología del Altar y del Trono, I, 391-2.
[611] G. de Castro, Il Monde Segreto, IV, 59 (Milano, 1864).--Précis
historique de l'Ordre de la Franc-Maçonnerie, par J. C. B.... (Paris,
1829).--Luigi Parascandalo, La Frammassoneria figlia e erede del
Manicheismo, 4 vols, 8vo (Napoli, 1865).--Ch. Van Dusen, S. J., Rome
et la Franc-Maçonnerie (1896).--L'Abbé V. Davin, Les Jansénistes
politiques et la Franc-Maçonnerie, p. 5 (Paris, s. d.).
[612] Mariano Tirado y Rojas, La Masonería en España, I, 241-3, 252,
255-6 (Madrid, 1893).
[613] [Thory] Acta Latomorum, I, 35 (Paris, 1815).
[614] Bullar. Roman., XV, 184.
[615] Acta Latomorum, I, 43-44.
[616] Compendio della vita di Giuseppe Balsamo, denominato il Conte
Cagliostro, che si è estratto dal Processo contra di lui formato in
Roma l'anno 1790 (Roma, 1791).
The importance attached to the case is indicated by the formal removal
of the seal of secrecy and the semi-official publication of the volume.
The edict imposing the death-penalty is quoted on p. 80.
[617] Bullar. Bened. PP. XIV, III, 167 (Romæ, 1761).
[618] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. V, fol. 280.
[619] Acta Latomorum, I, 47.
[620] Fray Joseph Torrubia, Centinela contra Francs Massones, Segunda
Edicion, Madrid, 1754. From the dates of the approbations it would
appear that the first edition was issued in 1751 or 1752.
[621] Feyjoo, Cartas, T. IV, Cart. xvi. This letter must have been
written between 1751 and 1754, as it alludes to the _Centinelo_, while
the second edition of the latter alludes to the letter. Feyjoo refers
to another recent book on the subject by Fray Juan de la Madre de Dios,
which I have not seen.
[622] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 879, fol. 301 B; Lib. 1024, fol
10.--Llorente, Hist. crít., cap. XLI, art. ii, n. 10-16.
[623] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 108, n. 1.
The Portuguese Inquisition was as prompt as the Spanish. See "The
Sufferings of John Coustos for Free-masonry," London, 1740, and it
continued after the reforms of Pombal, as appears from "A Narrative of
the Persecution of Hippolyto Joseph da Costa Pereira Furtado de Mendoza
... for the pretended crime of Free-masonry," 2 vols., London, 1811.
[624] Tirado y Rojas, I, 269-73, 354.
[625] Ibidem, I, 274-8, 289-99, 355.
[626] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1473; Lib. 559.
[627] Acta Latomorum, I, 265.
[628] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 890.
[629] Ibidem, Lib. 435^{2}; Lib. 890.
[630] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 890.
[631] Ibidem.
[632] Archive hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.
In this list is not included the curious case of the Bishop of Havana,
Juan José Díaz de la Espada y Landa, accused of Free-Masonry in Cuba
by the zealous inquisitor Elosua in 1815. The matter was transferred
to Spain and was suspended November 11, 1819 (J. T. Medina, La
Inquisicion de Cartagena de las Indias, p. 416). It does not seem to
have interfered with the position of the good bishop, who retained his
see until his death, Sept. 12, 1832 (Gams, Series Episcopp., p. 152).
[633] Tirado y Rojas, II, 46, 72-3, 81-88.--Miraflores, Apuntes
historico-críticos, p. 28.--Modesto Lafuente, Hist. de España, XXIX,
213-15, 333-4.
The "Memoirs of Don Juan van Halen" (London, 1830) which had an
extensive circulation in many languages, are of no historical value.
He was a real personage however, whose dextrous treachery in deserting
the French, in 1814, is described by Toreno (Historia del Llevamiento
etc., III, 323). In 1822 he was on the staff of Gen. Mina in Catalonia
(Memorias del Gen. Espoz y Mina, III, 7) and, in 1838, was in high
command in Valencia (Manifestacion del Gen. Córdova, p. 13).
In 1818 his name occurs as on trial in Toledo (not in Madrid, as he
represents) and the charge was impeding the Inquisition, not Masonry
and conspiracy--Catálogo de las causas etc., p. 131 (Madrid, 1903).
[634] [Martinez de la Rosa] Examen crítico de las Revoluciones de
España, I, 417-18 (Paris, 1837).
[635] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.
[636] Vélez, Apología del Altar y del Trono, I, 41.
[637] Clément, Journal, II, 89.
[638] Archivo municipal de Sevilla, Seccion especial, Siglo XVIII,
Letra A, Tomo 4, n. 55.
[639] In this celebrated case I have relied chiefly on Ferrer del Rio,
_Hist. del Reinado de Carlos III_, Lib. IV, cap. i, and on Menéndez y
Pelayo, _Heterodoxos_, III, 205 sqq. See also Llorente, _Hist. crít._,
cap. XXVI, art. iii, n. 13, 35, and Puigblanch, _La Inquisicion sin
Máscara_, p. 295.
Frequent reference was made to Olavide in the debates of the Córtes of
Cádiz on the suppression of the Inquisition. Señor Mexia stated that he
had visited him at Baeza; that the _Triunfo_ was merely a translation
of the Abbé Lamourettes _Délices de la Religion_ (Paris, 1788) somewhat
enlarged, with the addition of a politico-economical portion, derived
from the _Ami des Hommes_ of the Marquis of Mirabeau,--Discusion del
Proyecto sobre la Inquisicion, pp. 254-5. (Cádiz, 1813).
In 1831 De Custine says that there was little remaining of the
prosperous colony founded by Olavide (L'Espagne sous Ferdinand VII,
II, 98-107), but La Carolina, the principal town, had, in 1877, 6474
inhabitants. The district has historical interest as the scene of the
victory of Las Navas de Tolosa, in 1212, and of the surrender of Bailen
in 1808.
[640] Llorente, Hist. crít., cap. XXVI, art. iii, n. 42.
[641] Ibidem, n. 10.
[642] Ibidem, cap. XXV, art. i, n. 112.--Menéndez y Pelayo, III, 255.
[643] Llorente, cap. XXV, art. i, n. 89.--Art. de vérifier les Dates
depuis l'année 1770, III, 355.--Modesto Lafuente, Hist. Gen. XXII,
127.--Cf. Rodrigo, Hist. verdadera, III, 365.--Discusion del Proyecto,
p. 464 (Cadiz, 1813).
[644] Vélez, Apología, I, 40.--Cf. Menéndez y Pelayo, III, 227.
[645] Cartas escritas por el Conde de Cabarrús, pp. 81, 83, 87-9
(Vitoria, 1808).
[646] Cartas del Filósofo rancio, I, 299.
[647] Partidas, P. VII, Tit. xvii, ley 16.--Córtes de Leon y de
Castilla, II, 378.
In the middle of the sixteenth century, branding with the letter " q"
was still in force in Castile.--Rojas de Haeret., P. 1, n. 544.
[648] Colmeiro, Córtes de Leon y de Castilla, II, 160, 219.--Nueva
Recop., Lib. V, Tit. i, leyes 6, 7.--Novis. Recop., Lib. XII, Tit.
xxviii, leyes 8, 9.
[649] Memoria de diversos Autos (See Appendix to Vol. I).
[650] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 2, fol. 21.
[651] Carbonell de Gestis Hæret. (Doc. de la C. de Aragon, XXVIII, 154).
[652] Pragmaticas y altres Drets de Cathalunya, Lib. I, Tit. viii, cap.
1, § 4.
[653] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 933; Lib. 918, fol. 381.
[654] Pragmaticas etc. de Cathalunya, Lib. I, Tit. viii, cap. 2.
[655] Archivo de Simancas, Patronato Real, Inq., leg. único, fol. 38.
[656] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 3, fol. 241.
[657] Concil. Hispalens., ann. 1512, cap. xxxvii (Aguirre, V, 374).
[658] In the 1534 edition of his _Repetitionem novam_ (Col. 363)
Albertino says that he has treated the question extensively in his
"Speculum Inquisitorum"--subsequently embodied in his "Tractatus de
agnoscendis Assertionibus" as Q. XXIII (Romæ, 1572).
[659] Bibl. pública de Toledo, Sala v, Est. 11, Tab. 3.
[660] Simancæ de Cath. Instt., Tit. XL, n. 3; Enchirid., Tit. XII, n.
4-6.
[661] Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap. XVII.--Elucidationes S.
Officii, § 33 (Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 544^{2}, Lib. 4).
[662] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 361, fol. 7.--MSS.
of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218^{b}, p. 418.
[663] Peña, Comment. LXXXI in Eymerici Direct., P. II.--Bibl. nacional,
_ubi sup._--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 921, fol. 231.
[664] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 544^{2}; Lib. 10.
[665] Bibl. nacional, MSS., Mm, X, 157, p. 190.
[666] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 9, n. 3, fol.
313.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 42.
It was the same in Portugal, where the bishops had to yield. The
question was carried to Rome and, in 1612, the Archbishop of Lisbon was
commanded to hand bigamists over to the Inquisition.--Collect. Decret.
S. Congr. S. Inquis., p. 361 (MS. _penes me_).
[667] Decreta S. Congr. S. Officii, pp. 461, 466 (Bibl. del R. Archivio
di Stato in Roma, Fondo Camerale, Congr. del. S. Officio, Vol. 3).
[668] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 54, fol. 117.--Ristretto cerca li
Delitti più frequenti, pp. 113-141 (MS. _penes me_).
[669] Miguel Calvo (Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 544,^{2} Lib.
4).--Archivo hist. national, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 299, fol. 80; Inq.
de Toledo, Leg. 1.
[670] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 787.
[671] Elucidationes S. Officii, § 33 (Archive de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg.
544^{2}, Lib. 4)--Bibl. national, MSS., V, 377, cap. xvii, § 1.
[672] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. 1.
[673] Proceso contra Jos. Ant Ferro (MSS. of Am. Phil. Society).
[674] Bibliothèque nationale, fonds espagnol, No. 354, fol. 242.
[675] Memorias de los Vireyes del Perú, III, 38.--Archive de Simancas,
Inq., Lib. 28, fol. 115.
[676] MS. _penes me_.
[677] Novís. Recop., Lib. XII, Tit. xxviii, ley 10.
[678] Bibl. nacional, MSS., Mm, 93.
[679] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 15, n. 11 fol. 7;
n. 10, fol. 92.
[680] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 15, n. 11, fol.
1-6; Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.
[681] Ibidem, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 15, n. 11, fol. 5.--Archivo de
Alcalá, Estado, Leg. 2843.
[682] Alcubilla, Códigos antiguos, II, 1908.
[683] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 16, n. 5, fol. 50;
Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1, fol. 286.
[684] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 890.
[685] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.--Archivo hist,
nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1; Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.--Royal
Library of Berlin, Qt. 9548.
[686] Nueva Recop., Lib. VIII, Tit. iv.
[687] Eymerici Director, P. II, Q. XLI.--Repertor. Inquisit. s.v.
_Blasphemus_.
[688] Arguello, fol. 14.
[689] Llorente, Añales, I, 278.
[690] C. Hispalens. ann. 1512, cap. xxxviii (Aguirre, V, 374).
[691] Pragmáticas y altres Dreta de Cathalunya, Lib. I, Tit. viii, cap.
1, 2.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 933.
[692] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 918, fol. 382.
[693] Ibidem, Patronato Real, Inq., Leg. único, fol. 37.
[694] Andres de Burgos, Reportorio de todas las Prematicas, fol. xxxix
(Medina del Campo, 1551).
[695] Córtes de los Reinos de Leon y de Castilla, IV, 589.
[696] Nueva Recop., Lib. VIII, Tit. iv.
[697] Bibl. pública de Toledo, Sala V, Est. xi, Tab. 3.
[698] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 106; Lib. 81, fol.
27.--Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 31.
[699] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 299, fol.
80.--Alberghini, Man. Qualificat., cap. xvi.
[700] This was not the case in Italy where, in 1555, the Inquisition
assumed jurisdiction over blasphemy. There were occasional conflicts
with the secular authorities, especially in the Venetian territories,
as when, in 1595, the podestà of Brescia refused to allow a blasphemer
to be imprisoned by the inquisitor. The Roman Congregation protested,
but the podestà prevailed and punished the offender, probably with
greater severity than the Inquisition would have done. There was the
same difficulty of distinction between heretical and non-heretical
blasphemy. In 1606 the Congregation decided that _puttana de Dio_ was
not heretical although outside of Rome it was held to be so.--Decret.
S. Cong. S. Officii, p. 29 (MSS. of Bibl. del Reale Archivio di Stato
in Roma, Fondo Camerale, Congr. del. S. Officii, Vol. 3).
[701] Cartas de Jesuitas (Mem. hist. español, XV, 191).--Nueva Recop.,
Lib. I, Tit. i, ley 10.--Autos Acordados, Lib. VIII, Tit. ii, Auto 1.
[702] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 13.
[703] Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg. 544^{2}, Lib. 4.
[704] Ibidem.--Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 299, fol.
80.--Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap. 1.
[705] Elucidationes S. Officii, § 37 (Archivo de Alcalá, _ubi sup_).
[706] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 3, 13.
[707] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.
[708] Reportorium Inquisit. S.V. _Degradatio_, § _an clericus_.
[709] Simancæ de Cath. Instt., Tit. XL, n. 8-13; Ejusd. Enchirid., Tit.
XII, n. 1-3.--Arnaldi Albertin. Repetitionem novam, Q. xiii, n. 47 (Ed.
1534, col. 331).
It is perhaps worth noting that the _Repertorium_ of 1494 has no
allusion to the subject under the titles _Castitas_, _Clericus_, and
_Matrimonium_. At that time it was evidently considered to be outside
of the sphere of the Inquisition.
[710] Arnaldi Albertini de agnoscendis Assertionibus, Q. XXIII, n.
41. In Germany, many Catholic priests took wives. By the _Interim_ of
Charles V, in 1548, they were allowed to remain undisturbed until the
Council of Trent should decide the question.--Interim, cap. XXVI, § 17.
[711] C. Trident. Sess. XXIV, De Sacr. Matrimonii, can. ix. Yet the
council recognized the papal power of dispensation.
[712] Catálogo de las causas seguidas ante el tribunal de Toledo, pp.
306, 307.
[713] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.
[714] MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218^{b}, p. 420.
[715] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 299, fol.
80.--Elucidationes S. Officii, § 34 (Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg.
544,^{2} Lib. 4).
[716] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.
[717] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 11.
[718] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.
[719] Olmo, Relacion del Auto, p. 204.
[720] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.
[721] Ibidem, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.
[722] "Consentaneum visum est de sanctissimis ecclesiæ sacramentis
agere, per quæ omnis vera justitia vel incipit, vel coepta augetur, vel
amissa reparatur."--C. Trident. Sess. VII, De Sacramentis, Procem.
[723] P. Denifle, Die älteste Tax-rolle der Apost. Pönitentiarie
(Archiv f. Litt. u. K.-Geschichte, IV, 224-5).
[724] Locati Opus judiciale Inquisitor., pp. 475, 476 (Romæ,
1570).--Farinacii de Hæresi, Q. CXCIII, § 1, n. 39.
[725] Bullar. Roman. III, 142; IV, 144.
[726] Collect. Decr. S. Congr. S. Officii, p. 50 (MS. _penes me_).
[727] Ristretto circa li Delitti più frequenti nel S. Offizio, p. 104-5
(MS. _penes me_).
[728] Royal Library of Munich, Cod. Ital. 185.--Bibl. del R. Archivio
di Stato in Roma, Miscellanea MS., p. 729.
[729] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 107.--Ant. de Sousa.
Opusc. circa Constit. Pauli V, p. 57.--Rod. a Cunha pro PP. Pauli V
Statuto, p. 65.
[730] Bullar. Roman. II, 415.
[731] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 108; Lib. 942, fol. 39.
[732] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 114.
[733] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.
[734] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 1, 11.
[735] Obregon, Mexico Viejo, II, 353, 383.--Museo Mexicano, T. I, pp.
338-40 (Mexico, 1843).
[736] Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap. xix.--Miguel Calvo (Archivo de
Alcalá Hacienda, Leg. 544,^{2} Lib. 4).--Elucidationes S. Officii, § 38
(Ibidem).--MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218^{b}, p. 385.
[737] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1183, fol. 13.
[738] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.
[739] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 890.
[740] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.
[741] MS. Memoria de diversos Autos (see Appendix to Vol. I).
[742] Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap. xvi.
[743] Elucidationes S. Officii, § 47 (Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg.
544^{2}, Lib. 4).--MSS. of Royal Library of Copenhagen, 218^{b}, p. 332.
[744] Archivo de Simancas, Hacienda, Leg. 25, fol. 3.
[745] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.--See above, Vol.
III, p. 189. Simancas (De Cath. Instt., Tit. XLVI, n. 92, 93) says that
the Inquisition cannot relax for personation, however grave the case
may be, which explains the necessity of the special papal brief.
[746] Miscelanea de Zapata (Mem. hist, español, XI, 60). There is here
evidently confusion between Almagro and Almaden.
[747] Danvila y Collado, Expulsion de los Moriscos, p. 208.--Bibl.
nacional, MSS., PV, 3, n. 20.
[748] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.
[749] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 20.
[750] Llorente, Hist. crit., cap. XXIV, art. 1, n. 11.--MSS. of Library
of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.--Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de
Toledo, Leg. 1.
[751] Archivo hist. nacional, _loc cit._
[752] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 552, fol. 13.
[753] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. XVII.
[754] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 34, fol. 394.
[755] Procesos contra Francisca Mexia y Francisca de la Serna (MSS. of
David Fergusson Esq.).
Fuller details of this instructive case will be found in my "Chapters
from the Religious History of Spain," pp. 428-35.
[756] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.
[757] MSS. of Am. Philos. Society.
[758] Decret. S. Congr. S. Officii, p. 388 (Bibl. del R. Archivio di
Stato in Roma, Fondo Camerale, Congr. del S. Officio, Vol. 3).
[759] Prattica per le cause del Sant' Officio, cap. 25 (MS. _penes me_).
[760] Pellicer, Avisos históricos (Semanário erúdito, XXXIII, 116, 124,
149).
[761] Bibl. national, MSS., V, 377, cap. vii, § 1.
[762] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.
[763] Archivo hist, nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.
[764] Bibl. nacional, MSS., Bb, 122.
[765] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.
[766] Ibidem.
[767] Ibidem, Leg. 1, n. 4, fol. 179.--MSS. of Royal Library of
Copenhagen, 218^{b}, p. 167.
[768] Cap. 1, Extra, Lib. III, Tit. xlv.
[769] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 19, fol. 70-76, 108-116.--Archivo
hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 6, n. 2, fol. 158 sqq.
[770] Urbani PP. VIII Const. _Coelestis_ (Bullar. Roman. IV, 85,
Append, p. 33).
[771] Index of 1640, Regula xvi.--Indice Ultimo, p. xxvi.
[772] Discurso sobre si se le puede hacer fiesta al Premier Padre del
Genero Humano Adan y darle culto y veneracion publica como á Santo, sin
licencia del Romano Pontifice. Por D. Francisco Miranda y Paz. Madrid,
1636. The book was thought worthy of a refutation, which appeared in
1639 (Nic. Anton. Bibl. nova s. v. Franciscus de Miranda).
[773] Padre Fidel Fita, in Boletin, 1887.--Martínez Moreno Historía del
Martirio del Santo Niño de la Guardia (Madrid, 1866).
[774] The best account of these and kindred forgeries is by José Godoy
Alcántara, in his _Historia critica de los falsos Cronicones_ (Madrid,
1868). The modern President of the Canons of Sacromonte has given the
other side in his _El Sacro Monte de Granada_ (Madrid, 1883).
The influence of the Inquisition at first was adverse to the plomos.
See Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 20, fol. 127, 188, 236, 319. A
whole volume of the archives (Lib. 44^{1}) is occupied with papers
connected with the affair from 1604 to 1636.
[775] Barrantes, Aparato para la Historía de Extremadura, II, 392.
[776] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 435^{2}.
[777] I have considered in some detail the development of this belief,
in the "History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages," III, 596 sqq.
[778] Collect. Decretor. S. Congr. S. Officii, s. v. _Conceptio_ (MS.
_penes me_).--Collect. Decret. S. Congr. S. Inquisit. (Bibl. del R.
Archivio di Stato in Roma, Fondo camerale, Congr. del S. Officio, Vol.
3).
[779] Cartas de Jesuitas (Mem. hist. español, XIII, 450).
[780] Le Tellier, Recueil des Bulles concernans les erreurs etc., p.
296 (Mons [Rouen] 1697).
[781] Bibl. nacional, MSS., Cc, 99, fol. 230.--Archivo hist. nacional,
Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 11, n. 1, fol. 111-16.
[782] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 10, n. 2, fol. 58,
90; Leg. 11, n. 2, fol. 217.
[783] Ibidem, Leg. 1, n. 4, fol. 114; Leg. 11, n. 3, fol. 62.
[784] Ibidem, Leg. 100.
[785] C. Lateran., ann. 1179, cap. xi (Cap. 4, Extra, Lib. V, Tit.
xxxi).--Très ancien Contume de Bretagne, Art. 112, 142.--Statuta
criminalia Mediolani, cap. 51 (Bergomi, 1594).--Horne, Myrror of
Justice, cap. iv, § 14.
[786] Fuero Real de España, Lib. IV, Tit. ix, leg. 2.--Nueva Recop.,
Lib. VIII, Tit. xxxi, ley 1.--Ripoll, Bullar. Ord. Prædic., III,
301.--Innocent. PP. IV, Gloss in Cap. _Quod nuper his_, Extra, Lib.
III, Tit. xxxiv.
[787] Llorente, Anales, I, 327.
[788] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 933.--"En lo que toca al crimen
nefando, si otras cosas no hay con ello que abiertamente sepan heregia,
contra las tales personas ya sabeis que por esto no debeis vosotros
proceder, ni es de vuestra jurisdiccion."
[789] Escolano, Hist. de Valencia, II, 1449-70.--Boix, Hist. de la
Ciudad y Reino de Valencia, I, 347.
[790] Bledæ Defensio Fidei, pp. 423-4. Cf. Páramo, p. 184.
[791] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. IV, fol. 6.--Archivo de
Simancas, Inq., Lib. 927, fol. 408.--Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de
Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 16, fol. 259.
[792] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 78, fol. 145.
[793] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 927, fol. 429.--Llorente, Añales,
II, 373.
[794] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 107; Lib. 82, fol.
163.--MSS. of Bibl. nacional de Lima, Protocolo 223, Expediente, 5270.
[795] Bibl. nacional, MSS., Q, 4.
[796] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 16, fol. 259.
[797] Argument of Dr. Martin Real (MSS. of Bodleian Library, Arch.
Seld. 130).
[798] Collect. Decr. S. Congr. S. Officii, p. 396 (MS. _penes
me_).--Decr. S. Congr. S. Inquisit., pp. 503, 539 (Bib. del R. Archivio
di Stato in Roma, Fondo camerale, Congr. del S. Officio, Vol. 3).
[799] Corpo Diplomatico Portugues, VI, 379; VII, 211, 235, 439; VIII,
227, 296; IX, 477; XI, 600, 656.
[800] Regimiento do Santo Officio da Inquisição, Liv. III, Tit. XXV, §§
1, 12.--Royal Library of Berlin, Qt. 9548.
[801] Fueros y Actos de Corte, p. 10 (Zaragoza, 1647).
[802] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 16, fol. 270.
[803] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 927, fol. 414.
[804] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 299, fol. 80; Leg.
61.--Elucidationes S. Officii, § 55 (Archivo de Alcalá, Hacienda, Leg.
544^{2}, Lib. 4).--Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap. xxiv, § 1.
[805] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 299, fol.
80.--Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap. xxiv, § 6.
[806] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 2, n. 16, fol.
259.--Parets, Sucesos de Cataluña (Mem. hist. español, XXIV, 297).
[807] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 6, n. 2, fol. 52;
Leg. 8, n. 2, fol. 497.
[808] Bibl. nacional, MSS., V, 377, cap. xxiv, § 2.
The Inquisition was more humane than the Castilian courts. Jan. 27,
1637, two culprits were burnt in Madrid. Oct. 14, 1639, two more were
burnt and a third was brought out to share the same fate, when the
episcopal vicar claimed him, as he had been decoyed from the asylum of
a church. Nine more were in prison at the time. Oct. 10, 1640, a man
and a boy were burnt.--Cartas de Jesuitas (Mem. hist, español, XIV, 26;
XV, 343).--Pellicer, Avisos históricos (Semanário erúdito, XXXI, 87,
228).
In Mexico there was a special quemadero for such cases, distinct from
that of the Inquisition.--Obregon, Mexico viejo, II, 391.
[809] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 61.
[810] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 61.
[811] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Sala 39, Leg. 4, fol. 71.
[812] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. IV, fol. 6.--Archivo hist.
nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 61; Cartas del Consejo, Leg. 5, n. 1,
fol. 5.--Llorente, Hist. crít., cap. XXIV, art. 4, n. 2.--Giambattista
Confalonieri (Spicilegio Vaticano, I, 461).
[813] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 82, fol. 91.
[814] Bibl. nacional, MSS., PV, 3, n. 20.
[815] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 5.
[816] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 99.
[817] Ibidem, Leg. 100.
[818] Raynald. Annal., ann. 1258, n. 23.--Potthast, Regesta, n. 17745,
18396.--Cap. 1, Clement., Lib. V, Tit. v.
[819] Repertor. Inquisit. s. v. _Hæreticus_, § _Pertinax_.
Although simony was the universally corroding vice of the Church,
and although it was reckoned as a heresy, it was too profitable to
the hierarchy ever to be subjected to the Inquisition. In a project
of instructions for the Spanish delegates to the Lateran Council in
1512, simoniacal heresy is denounced as the universal destruction
of the Church, owing to the openness with which it is practised in
Rome and throughout Christendom, and they are told to labor to have
it prosecuted as heresy by the Inquisition--(Döllinger, Beiträge zur
politischen kirchlichen und Cultur-Geschichte, III, 204).
[820] Fueros de Aragon, fol. 110. For earlier legislation of similar
import see fol. 49 (Zaragoza, 1624).
[821] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. I, fol. 109. The general
council here alluded to was that of Lyons, in 1273. See cap. 1, 2, in
Sexto, Lib. V, Tit. v. This refers back to Concil. Lateranens. III,
ann. 1179, cap. XXV.
[822] Pragmaticas y altres Drets de Cathalunya, Lib. I, Tit. viii, cap.
1, § 20.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq. de Barcelona, Córtes, Leg. 17, fol.
32.--Páramo, p. 185.
[823] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 933.
[824] Pragmaticas etc. de Cathalunya, Lib. I, Tit. viii, cap. 2, §§ 20,
35.
[825] Argensola, Añales de Aragon, Lib. I, cap. liv.
[826] Llorente, Añales, II, 298.
[827] Fueros de Aragon, fol. 110.
[828] Dormer, Añales de Aragon, Lib. II, cap. xli, p. 384.
[829] Archivo de Simancas, Patronato Real, Inq., Leg. único, fol. 37,
38.
[830] Simancas de Cath. Instt., Tit. LXVI, n. 3.
[831] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 106.
[832] Ibidem, Visitas de Barcelona, Leg. 15, fol. 20.
[833] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.--MSS. of Am.
Phil. Society.
[834] Collect. Decret. S. Congr. S. Officii, p. 125 (MS. _penes
me_).--Decreta S. Congr. S. Inquisit., pp. 36, 515 (Bibl. del R
Archivio di Stato in Romæ, Fondo camerale, Congr. del S. Officio, Vol.
3).
[835] Archivo de Simancas Inq., Lib. 21, fol. 198.
[836] Birch, Catalogue of MSS. of Inq. of Canaries, II, 541, 542, 559,
560.
[837] MSS. of David Fergusson Esq.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib.
1002.
[838] Catálogo de las causas seguidas ante el Tribunal de Toledo, p.
325.
[839] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.
[840] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 1.
[841] Ibidem, Lib. 9, fol. 6.
[842] Ibidem, Sala 40, Lib. 4, fol. 164, 266.
[843] Ibidem, Lib. 939, fol. 106.
[844] Ant. Rodríguez Villa, La Corte y Monarquía de España, p. 95.
[845] Cartas de Jesuitas (Mem. hist. español, XIII, 9, 11, 13-17, 19,
24, 27, 67-71, 73, 78-9, 119, 181, 185, 230; XIV, 395; XVII, 218;
XVIII, 52, 59, 81, 105-17).--Juan de Palafox, Epist. III ad Innoc. X,
n. 126 (Obras, XI, 107).--Theatro Jesuitico, p. 375.--Morale pratique
des Jesuites (Cologne, 1684).
[846] Cartas de Jesuitas (_loc. cit._, XIX, 187).
[847] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 38, fol. 12, 216, 260, 319, 320,
321, 326.
[848] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 559.
[849] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.
[850] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.
[851] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 939, fol. 64.
[852] Royal Library of Berlin, Qt. 9548.
[853] Semanário erúdito, XI, 274.
[854] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.
[855] Ibidem.
[856] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Sala 39, Leg. 4, fol. 80.
[857] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 111, n. 49.
[858] Bibl. nacional, MSS., Mm, 130.
[859] Joaquin Lorenzo Villanueva, in "Discusion del Proyecto sobre el
Tribunal de la Inquisicion," p. 432 (Cádiz, 1813).
[860] V. de la Fuente, Hist. ecles., III, 381.
[861] Clément, Journal, II, 124.
[862] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.
[863] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 365, n. 46, fol.
56.
[864] Ibidem, Leg. 4, n. 3, fol 58.
[865] MSS. of Am. Philos. Society.
[866] Llorente, Hist. crít., cap. XXIX, art. iii, n. 2; cap.
XLVI.--Muriel, Hist. de Carlos IV (Mem. hist, español, XXXIII, 154).
Llorente tells us that he pursued the task confided to him by Abad and
in 1797 produced his "Discursos sobre el órden de procesar del Santo
Oficio" which, in 1801, expand him to a smart persecution.--Memoria
histórica, p. 11 (Madrid, 1812).
[867] Muriel (_loc. cit._, XXXI, 190).--Lafuente, Hist. gen. de
España., XXII, 124.--V. de la Fuente, Hist. ecles., III, 400.
[868] Discusion del Proyecto, p. 473 (Cádiz, 1813).
[869] Somoza de Montsoriu, Las Amarguras de Jovellanos, pp. 47-8
(Gijon, 1889).
[870] Somoza, _op. cit._, pp. 301-5.--Muriel, _op. cit._, XXXII, 117.
For the orthodoxy of Jovellanos, see Menéndez y Pelayo, III, 287-90.
[871] Somoza, _op. cit._, pp. 57-60.--Discurso histórico-legal sobre
el Origen, Progresos y Utilidad del Santo oficio, p. 101 (Valladolid,
1803).
[872] Somoza, _op. cit._, pp. 77-84, 86-90, 141-2, 312-20.--Cean
Bermúdez, Memorias para la Vida de D. Gaspar Melchor de Jove Llanos, p.
81 (Madrid, 1814).
[873] Llorante, Hist. crít., cap, XLII, art. ii, n. 1-18.--Muriel, _op.
cit._, xxxiv, 110-19.--Menéndez y Pelayo, III, 172-3.
[874] Respuesta pacífica de un Español á la Carta sediciosa del Frances
Grégoire, que se dice Obispo de Blois, pp. 3, 31, 63, 74, 75, 76, 87
(Madrid, 1798).
[875] Discurso historico-legal sobre el Origen etc. del S. Oficio, pp.
126, 185, 187 (Valladolid, 1803).
[876] Cartas de un Presbitero español, pp. 3, 7, 98, 121, 123, 129,
152-4 (Madrid, 1798).
[877] José Clemente Carnicero, La Inquisicion justamente restablecida,
I, 8 (Madrid, 1816).--Toreno, Revolucion etc. de España, I,
160.--Llorente, Hist. crít., cap. XLIV, art. i, n. 19.--Rodrigo, Hist.
verdadera, III, 486.--Menéndez y Pelayo, III, 417.
[878] See Appendix.--On January 9, 1813, this letter was produced in
the Córtes, by Sr. Arguelles, during the discussion on the suppression
of the Inquisition.--Discusion del Proyecto, p. 143.
[879] Menéndez y Pelayo, III, 386-7. For a vivid sketch of the
adventurous life of Marchena see Antoine de Latour, "Espagne,
Traditions, Moeurs el Littérature, p. 51 (Paris, 1869).
[880] Carnicero, _op. cit._, I, 9.--Código de José Nap. Bonaparte, Tit.
XIII, § 5 (Madrid, 1845).
[881] Discusion del Proyecto, p. 148.
[882] Toreno, Historia de la Revolucion, III, 106 (Paris, 1838).
[883] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.
[884] Puigblanch, La Inquisicion sin Mascara, p. 429.
[885] Toreno, _op. cit._, II, 197-202.
[886] Marliani, Histoire de l'Espagne moderne, I, 171.
[887] Even Evaristo San Miguel, one of the _exaltados_ of 1822 who,
as secretary of State, was largely responsible for the follies which
invited the French intervention of 1823, admits the errors of the
Córtes of Cádiz. The Constitution of 1812, he says, was an exotic that
took no root in the soil; the mass of the people, plunged in ignorance
and misery, knew of it only by hearing from their spiritual guides that
it was a tissue of impieties.--De la Guerra Civil de España, p. 88
(Madrid, 1836).
[888] Toreno, II, 208, 211, 223, 249.--Coleccion de los Decretos y
Ordenes que han expedido las Córtes Generales, I, 1-3 (Madrid, 1820).
[889] Vélez, Apología del Altar y del Trono, I, 107-10, 113-19, 211-12
(Madrid, 1825).--Coleccion de Decretos, I, 16.
[890] These letters have been repeatedly reprinted. My edition is of
Madrid, 1824-5 in five volumes. Under the Restoration, Alvarado was
appointed a member of the Suprema, but he can scarce have acted as he
died, August 31, 1814.
[891] La Inquisicion sin Máscara, pp. 5-12, 28, 299, 480-3 (Cádiz,
1811).--An English translation by William Walton appeared in London, in
1816, with a valuable Introduction.
[892] Cartas del Filósofo Rancio, I, 86, 87, 96, 98, 262, 265, 268,
297; II, 21, 457, 461.
[893] Marliani, op. cit., I, 175.
[894] Tit. I, cap. i, art. 2, 3; Tit. II, cap. ii, art. 12 (Coleccion
de Decretos, II, 98, 100).
[895] Vélez, Apología, II, 116-27.--Marliani, I, 179.--Carnicero, Hist.
de la Revolucion, III, 160, 184.--Coleccion de Decretos, II, 166; III,
60.
[896] Vélez, Apología, I, 126-34, 212-13.--Rodrigo, III, 370.--Toreno,
III, 106-7.
[897] Apología de la Inquisicion, pp. 16-18 (Cadiz, 1811).--Riesco,
in a speech before the Córtes, said that the functions of the Suprema
were suspended on the pretext that its members had not been "purified"
(Discusion del Proyecto, p. 148). All officials who had in any way been
concerned with the French were required to be purified--that is, to
give proofs of patriotism. This so-called purification came repeatedly
in play in the kaleidoscopic changes of Spanish politics.
[898] Vélez, Apología, I, 214, 384-5, 399-418.
[899] Vélez, Apología, I, 134-52, 217, 219.--Toreno, III, 105-10.
[900] Discusion del Proyecto, pp. 40-1, 398.
[901] Discusion, pp. 38-40.--The law of the Partidas thus revived was
P. VII, Tit. xxvi, ley 2, which says that heretics can be accused by
any one before a bishop or his vicar, who shall examine them on the
articles of faith and sacraments. If error is found he must labor to
convert them by reason and persuasion when, if willing to be converted,
they are to be reconciled and pardoned. If persistent they are to be
handed over to the secular judge for punishment by fire or otherwise.
The revival of the law was only as regards the functions of the bishops.
[902] Ibidem, pp. 42-7.
[903] Cartas del Filósofo Rancio, II, 453.--Menéndez y Pelayo, III,
473.--Discusion, pp 215, 229, 397.
[904] Discusion del Proyecto, pp. 59, 325, 495, 564, 630-9, 683,
687.--Coleccion de Decretos, III, 215, 220.--Archivo hist. nacional,
Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 890.
The decree concerning property continued the salaries of all officials.
A subsequent decree of September 13th, regulating the national debt,
applied the property of the _extinguida inquisicion_ to that incurred
in the war with France.--Coleccion, IV, 257.
[905] Carnicero, La Inquisicion justamente restablecida, II, 115.
[906] Vélez, Apología, I, 252-4.
[907] Coleccion de Decretos, III, 26, 30, 66, 137, 211.
[908] Discusion del Proyecto, pp. 683, 689-94.
[909] Toreno, III, 204.
[910] Memoria interesante para la Historia de las Persecuciones de
la Iglesia Católica y de sus Ministros en España, Append., pp. 1-16
(Madrid, 1814).
[911] Ibidem, pp. 17-20.
[912] Manifesto istorico del Cardinale Pietro Gravina, pp. 63-68 (Roma,
1824).--E. Nuñez de Taboada, Le dernier soupir de l'Inquisition, pp.
43-9 (Paris, 1814).
[913] Memoria interesante, Append., pp. 23-6.
[914] Toreno, III, 193-203.
[915] Memoria interesante, pp. ix, x, 58; Append., pp. 27-30.--Vélez,
Apología, I, 262-87.
[916] Taboada, _op. cit._, pp. 50-71.--Gravina, Manifesto istorico, pp.
68-106.
[917] Vélez, Apología, I, 303.--Gravina, Manifesto istorico, pp.
106-116, 1-41.
[918] Vélez, Apología, I, 260.
[919] It would seem as though some of the tribunals continued to act.
There is a case of a Dominican sub-deacon, Fray Tomas García, who
denounced himself for saying mass to that of Valencia, which forwarded
the sumaria to Cuenca, August 15, 1813.--Archivo hist. nacional, Inq.
de Valencia, Leg. 100.
[920] Toreno, III, 284-305.
[921] Carnicero, Historia de la Revolucion, III, 169-76.
[922] Miraflores, Apuntes para escribir la Historia de España, pp.
11-13 (Londres, 1834).
[923] Miraflores, Documentos á los que se hace referencia en los
Apuntes, I, 9-23.
[924] Marliani, I, 195-200.--Toreno, III, 317, 395.--Coleccion de
Decretos, I, 43; V, 87.
[925] Conservatives concur with Liberals in denouncing the memory of
Fernando. See Menéndez y Pelayo, III, 495 and V. de la Fuente, III, 472.
[926] Toreno, III, 355-9.--Miraflores, Documentos, I,
30.--Constitucion, art. 3, 144-9, 173, 181, 187 (Coleccion de los
Decretos, V, 148, 153, 182, 185).
[927] Representacion y Manifiesto que algunos Diputados á las Córtes
ordinarias firmaron en los mayores Apuros de su Opresion en Madrid, pp.
12, 17, 59, 60 (Madrid, 1814).
[928] Toreno, III, 359, 361-4.--Koska Vayo, Historia de la Vida y
Reinado de Fernando VII, II, 26, 32-5, 377 (Madrid, 1842).--Marliani,
I, 206.
[929] Coleccion de las Reales Cédulas etc. de Fernando VII, p. 1
(Valencia, 1814).--Toreno, III, 400.--It would be difficult to find
a more slovenly piece of writing than this celebrated and fateful
manifesto. Its authorship was attributed to Juan Pérez Villamil, the
head of the Regency dismissed by the Córtes in March, 1813.--Toreno,
III, 364.
[930] Marliani, I, 208-17.--Koska Vayo, II, 48-52.--Toreno, III, 405.
[931] Menéndez y Pelayo, III, 545.
[932] Hervaz, Ruiz de Padron y su tiempo, pp. 101-5 (Madrid,
1898).--Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Libro 890.--His speech was issued
in Coruña in 1813, under the title of "Dictamen del Dr. Antonio José
Ruiz de Padron sobre la Inquisicion." Other clerical deputies who
suffered reclusion in convents were Oliveros, in la Cabrera; Gallego,
in the Cartuja de Jerez; Ramos, in that of Valencia; Arispe, in that of
Seville; Lopez Cepero, in the Capuchins of Novelda; Antonio Larrazabal,
wherever the Archbishop of Guatemala might designate, and Bernabeu, in
one not ascertained. Besides these La Canal and Jaime Villanueva were
recluded for editing a periodical.--V. de la Fuente, III, 471.
[933] Amador de los Rios, III, 555.--When the royal decree of
July 21 was received, August 16th, the cathedral was illuminated
and the bells were rung, followed, August 23d and 24th, by great
solemnities.--Relacion histórica de la Judería de Sevilla, pp. 46-8.
[934] Rodrigo, III, 480.--Archivo de Sevilla, Seccion VI, 1ª Escribanía
del Cabildo, Tomo 49, n. 14.
[935] Coleccion de Cédulas de Fernando VII, p. 85.
[936] Rodrigo, III, 485.--Carnicero, La Inquisicion justamente
restablecida, II, 51.
[937] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 559; 890.
[938] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 559.
[939] Ibidem, Lib. 890.
[940] Coleccion de los Decretos, III, 220.
[941] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 559.--See Appendix.
[942] Ibidem, Lib. 559.
[943] Ibidem.
[944] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 17, n. 4, fol. 9,
21, 36, 57, 85, 88, 93.
[945] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 559.
[946] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 559; Lib. 435^{2}.
[947] Relacion de la Judería de Sevilla, pp. 49-51.
[948] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.
[949] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 890.
[950] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 890.
[951] Ibidem, Sala 39, Leg. 1473, fol. 29.
[952] Ibidem, Lib. 890.
[953] Ibidem.
[954] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 559.--Rodrigo, III, 489.
[955] Archivo de Simancas, _loc. cit._
[956] Archivo de Simancas, Registro de Genealogías, n. 916, fol 4,
12.--Inq., Lib. 435^{2}; Lib. 559; Leg. 1473.
[957] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Leg. 1473.
[958] Ibidem.
[959] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 890.
[960] L'Espagne et ses Revolutions, p 148--quoted by Marliani, I, 235.
See also Miraflores (Apuntes, pp. 23, 26) who, as an aristocrat, had no
affiliation with the Liberals.
[961] Many documents were gathered in the streets and sent to the
United States, which have mostly perished through neglect, but some
which were secured by Mr. Andrew Thorndike, then a resident of
Barcelona, were presented, in 1840, to the American Philosophical
Society, through whose courtesy I have been enabled to use them.
Some cases, from a similar source were translated and printed
in Boston, in 1828, under the title of "Records of the Spanish
Inquisition, translated from the original Manuscripts."
In Majorca the populace was more aggressive and destroyed the palace of
the Inquisition.
[962] Koska Vayo, II, 133-54, 170.--Miraflores, Apuntes, pp. 26-37;
Documentos, I, 73-81.--Memorias de Francisco Espoz y Mina, II,
255-72.--Martínez de la Rosa, Examen crítico de las Revoluciones de
España, I, 14-22.
[963] Urquinaona, La España bajo el Poder arbitrario de la
Congregacion Apostólica, p. 14 (Madrid, 1835).--Miraflores, Apuntes,
pp. 40-5; Documentos, I, 87-91.--Cappa, La Inquisicion española, p.
239.--Rodrigo, III, 495.
[964] See Appendix.
[965] Archivo de Sevilla, Seccion VII, 1820-3, Tomo XVII, n.
2.--Rodrigo, III, 495.--Coleccion de los Decretos, VI, 33.
[966] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 435^{3}.
[967] España venturosa por la vida de la Constitucion y la muerte de la
Inquisicion. Madrid, 1820.
Of course pamphleteers did not allow the opportunity to escape, but
I have met with only two of their productions--"Memorial de la Santa
Inquisicion á los Señores Ministros de Francia" and "Oracion funebre
en las Exequias que se hicieron á la difunta Inquisicion en el Templo
de Fanatismo de la Villa de Ignorancia, por un Ministro de la misma."
Their only interest lies in their expression of the feelings of the
period.
[968] Coleccion de Decretos, VI, 64, 141, 155, 258; VII, 57, 60, 245,
251; IX, 384; X, 16, 17, 31.
[969] H. Brück, Die geheimen Gessellschaften in Spanien, pp. 233-9,
250-60.--V. de la Fuente, III, 477-9.
[970] Coleccion de los Decretos, VI, 43.
[971] Modesto Lafuente, XXVII, 83.
[972] Coleccion de los Decretos, VII, 36.
[973] Koska Vayo, III, 42. In the reaction of 1823, Villanueva escaped
to England where, as Menéndez y Pelayo tells us (Heterodoxos, III,
527), under the pressure of misery, he nearly or quite embraced
Protestantism. Puigblanch, who was also a refugee, amused himself
with writing violent diatribes against his fellows in misfortune and
especially against Villanueva, who retorted in kind. He died in Dublin,
reconciled to the Church, March 25, 1836, at the age of 80.
[974] Canto, El Coloso constitucional derrocado (Orihuela, 1823).
[975] Koska Vayo, III, 181.
[976] Coleccion de los Decretos, VI, 145; VII, 4, 92, 105.
[977] Miraflores, Apuntes, p. 65.
[978] Koska Vayo, II, 317; III, 121.
[979] Miraflores, Documentos, II, 76, 79.--Koska Vayo, III, 8.
[980] Miraflores, Documentos, I, 214-25; II, 15.
[981] Mina, Memorias, III, 16, 111-13, 159, 169.
[982] Miraflores, Documentos, II, 32-99.
[983] Ibidem, II, 114-72.--Koska Vayo, II, 317; III, 8.--Mina,
Memorias, III, 88-9.--Châteaubriand, El Congreso de Verona, Traducela
Cayetano Cortés, II, 379-80, 384.
[984] Miraflores, Documentos, II, 172-4, 177-80.
[985] Ibidem, pp. 174-6.
[986] Miraflores, Apuntes, p. 163.
[987] Ibidem, pp. 172-5.
[988] Coleccion de los Decretos, X, 162.
[989] Miraflores, Apuntes, pp. 185, 215; Documentos, II, 284-94--Koska
Vayo, III, 72, 101-12.
[990] Miraflores, Documentos, II, 240, 244; Apuntes, pp. 189, 191,
194.--Koska Vayo, III, 74.
[991] Miraflores, Documentos, II, 242.
[992] Miraflores, Documentos, II, 247-70.
[993] Koska Vayo, III, 97-8.--Miraflores, Apuntes, pp. 219-21.
[994] Miraflores, Apuntes, pp. 221-4; Documentos, II, 294-6.--Koska
Vayo, III, 442.
[995] Koska Vayo, III, 128.
[996] Ibidem, III, 126-154.--Miraflores, Apuntes, pp. 234-44;
Documentos II, 316-38.
[997] Koska Vayo, III, 159-64.
[998] Koska Vayo, III, 175, 184.
[999] El Congreso de Verona, II, 234, 265, 268, 302, 307, 311, 317,
319, 322, 324, 339, 342.--Martínez de la Rosa, I, 372, 392, 394,
408.--Koska Vayo, III, 319.
[1000] Koska Vayo, III, 185.--Miraflores, Apuntes, p. 224; Documentos,
II, 296.--Urquinaona, p. 195.
[1001] Javier de Burgos, Añales del Reinado de Dª Isabel II, I, 46
(Madrid, 1850).
A characteristic freak of Fernando was the establishment in Seville
of a school of bull-fighting, with Don Pedro Ramiro at its head, on a
salary of 12,000 reales. When Burgos became minister of Fomento, under
Isabel II, he had the satisfaction of suppressing this.
[1002] Rodrigo, III, 497.--Miraflores, Documentos, II, 299.--Barrantes,
Aparato para la Historia de Extremadura, III, 43.
[1003] El Congreso de Verona, II, 283, 302.
[1004] Koska Vayo, III, 206.
[1005] Rodrigo, III, 498.
[1006] Martínez de la Rosa, I, 422.--Koska Vayo, III, 241.
[1007] Koska Vayo, III, 222.
[1008] Modesto Lafuente, XXVIII, 453-63; XXIX, 393-5.--Urquinaona, pp.
141-2.
[1009] Modesto Lafuente, XXVIII, 465-71; XXIX, 7-13.--Koska Vayo, III,
305, 311.
[1010] Urquinaona, p. 143.--Modesto Lafuente, XXVIII, 475.
[1011] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 100.--Archivo de
Simancas, Inq., Lib. 890.
[1012] Archivo hist. nacional, Leg. 463, Hacienda XVI.
[1013] Archivo hist. nacional, Leg. 6462.
[1014] Koska Vayo, III, 207.
[1015] Modesto Lafuente, XXIV, 346.--Menéndez y Pelayo, III,
524.--Vicente de la Fuente, III, 482.
[1016] Modesto Lafuente, _loc. cit._--V. de la Fuente, _loc. cit._
[1017] Pii PP. VIII Const. _Cogitationes nostras_, 5 Oct. 1829 (Bullar.
Roman. Contin., IX, 76).
[1018] Partidas, P. II, Tit. xv, ley 2.
[1019] Autos Acordados, Lib. V, Tit. vii, Auto 5.
[1020] Andrés Muriel, Hist. de Carlos IV (Mem. hist. español, XXIX,
14-29).
[1021] Juan Pérez de Guzman (Revista de Archivos, April, 1904, p.
267).--Modesto Lafuente, XXIX, 51.
[1022] Koska Vayo, III, 342, 352, 358-68.--Modesto Lafuente, XXIX. 191.
[1023] Koska Vayo, III, 369-75, 387.--Modesto Lafuente, XXIX, 152.
[1024] Koska Vayo, III, 380.
That the Carlists should regard the opportune resurrection of this
long-buried pragmática as a fraud was not unnatural, but the records
produced in its favor bear every evidence of genuineness. From them it
appears that on May 31, 1789, Carlos IV summoned the Córtes to assemble
on September 23d to take the oath of allegiance to his son Fernando and
to transact other business. The oath was duly taken on that day; on the
30th a petition in the customary form was addressed to the king for the
abrogation of the pragmática of Philip V and the restoration of the
ancient law of succession. The session continued with various acts of
legislation; on October 7th Carlos obtained an approval of the measure
from fourteen archbishops and bishops who had joined in the oath of
allegiance; on October 30th he confirmed the pragmática, but ordered
absolute secrecy to be maintained with respect to it and to this all
concerned took a solemn oath. Still it did not remain wholly unknown
and, in December 1809, Doña Carlota, Princess of Brazil, applied to the
supreme Junta Central, then ruling the kingdom, to have her possible
rights to the succession under it acknowledged. The Junta was sitting
in Seville; the archives were in Madrid, then in possession of the
French, and inquiries were made of such survivors of the Córtes of 1789
as could be reached, who confirmed the fact of the adoption of the
pragmática and of the secrecy enjoined, whereupon the Consejo de España
é Indias reported in favor of the Portuguese princess's application.
That these records, with their wealth of names and dates and elaborate
details could be manufactured is simply incredible.--Testimonio de las
Actas de Córtes de 1789 sobre la Sucesion en la Corona de España, y de
los Dictámenes dados sobre esta materia; publicado por real decreto de
S. M. la Reina N^{ra} S^{ra}. Año de 1833, Madrid, en la Imprenta Real.
[1025] Koska Vayo, III, 393-425.
[1026] Ibidem, p. 437.
[1027] Quoted by Hervaz, Ruiz de Padron, p. 160.
[1028] Archivo de Alcalá, Ministerio de Estado, Leg. 897, n. 30; Leg.
906, n. 87, 88.--(See Appendix.)
It will be remembered that the Duke of Medinaceli was alguazil mayor
of the Madrid tribunal, and as such was drawing a yearly stipend of a
thousand reales.
[1029] See Appendix. The allusion to the concurrence of the Holy See is
a pure assumption, seeing that, for political reasons, Isabel and the
Regency were not recognised by the papacy for many years.
[1030] Castillo y Ayensa, Negociaciones con Roma, I, Append, p. 156
(Madrid, 1859).
[1031] Antequera, Historia de la Legislacion española, p. 419 (Madrid,
1884).
[1032] Soler, Un Milagro y una Mentira, p. 5 (Valencia, 1858).
[1033] Menéndez y Pelayo, III, 682-3, 686.--Hermann Dalton, Die
evangelische Bewegung in Spanien, pp. 40-5 (Wiesbaden, 1872).
[1034] A. Luque y Vicens, La Inquisicion, su Pro y su Contra, Segunda
Edicion, Madrid, 1859.
[1035] Parades, Curso de Derecho político, p. 720 (Madrid, 1883).
[1036] Novísimo Código penal, arts. 236-41 (Valencia, 1872, pp. 126-7).
[1037] Paredes, _op cit._, p. 666.
[1038] See the very interesting collection of papers published by the
_Ateneo Cientifico y Literario_ of Madrid under the title _Oligarquia y
Caciquismo como la forma actual de Gobierno en España; urgencia y modo
de cambiarla_ (Madrid, 1903).
This Caciquism is described as "a despotism a hundred times worse than
that of the absolute kings" (p. 33).
[1039] Reconstitucion y Europeizacion de España, pp. 113, 123, 289
(Madrid, 1900).--Ricardo Macías Picavea, El Problema nacional, p. 304
(Madrid, 1899).
Another eloquent exposition of the deplorable condition of public
affairs in Spain is Doctor Madrazo's _El Pueblo español ha muerto?_
(Santander, 1903).
[1040] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. V, p. 463.
[1041] Clemencin, Elogio de la Reina Isabel, p. 302 (Madrid, 1821).
[1042] Cabrera, Relaciones, _passim_; Append. pp. 582-3.--Relazioni di
Ambasciadori Lucchesi, pp. 29, 31 (Lucca, 1903).
[1043] Cespedes y Meneses, Don Felipe Quarto, Lib. II, cap. i, x.
[1044] A. Rodriguez Villa, La Corte y Monarquía de España, p. 110
(Madrid, 1886).
[1045] Zanctornato, Relazione della Corte de España, pp. 76-82
(Cosmopoli, 1672).
[1046] Relasioni Venete, Serie I, T. V, p. 396.
[1047] The Córtes of 1570 complained of the sale of _hidalguias_, which
were bought by the richer taxpayers, whose burden was thus thrown on
the poor and miserable. To this Philip II replied that his necessities
compelled him to it, but that more consideration would be shown in
future.--Córtes de Cordova del año de setenta, fol. 5 (Alcalá, 1575).
By the censuses of 1768 and 1787 the exempt classes were--
1768. 1787. Hidalgos 722,794 480,589 Clergy 183,965 151,973 -------
------- 906,759 632,562
Floridablanca felicitated himself on the reduction thus shown in the
exemptions, resulting from greater strictness in admitting claims,
while the population had increased from 9,309,804 to 10,409,879.--Censo
español en el año de 1787.
[1048] Dávila, Vida de Felipe III, p. 216.
[1049] Libro de las Cincas Excelencias del Español que despueblan á
España, fol. 163, 170 (Pamplona, 1629).
[1050] Representacion al Rey D. Felipe V dirigida al mas seguro aumento
del Real Erario. Hecha por D. Miguel de Zavala y Auñon, pp. 7-35, 74-97
(Madrid, 1732).
It should be observed that in none of the descriptions of the burdens
imposed on the peasantry is any allusion made to what perhaps was the
most grievous of all, both in amount and method of collection--the
tithe by which the enormous church establishment was supported. This
was wholly beyond control by the secular power and was therefore left
out of consideration.
In 1820, Dr. Sebastian de Miñano, in his _Cartas del Pobrecito
Holgazan_, gives a graphic picture of the ecclesiastical burdens of the
peasant--the first fruits, the tithes and the obligatory "almsgiving"
to all the neighboring convents.--Ochoa, Epistolario español, II, 616.
[1051] Jovellanos, Informe en el Expediente de Ley Agraria (Obras, VII,
165-8).
The trouble still exists. In 1898 the Chamber of Agriculture of Upper
Aragon states that notwithstanding large subventions to railroads
and highways the greater part of the population is as isolated
as ever, and it urges the expenditure of 400 or 500 millions of
pesetas to convert 250,000 kilométres of mule-track into cheap wagon
roads.--Reconstitucion de España, pp. 24, 89.
[1052] Córtes de Leon y de Castilla, II, 344.--Jovellanos, Informe, pp.
48-80.
The exorbitant privileges of the Mesta were largely curtailed by the
Córtes of Cádiz, but were promptly restored by Fernando VII, in a
decree of October 2, 1514 (Coleccion de Cédulas etc., p. 170).
[1053] Zavala y Auñon, pp. 104-30.--Jovellanos, p. 44.
[1054] Relazioni Lucchese, p. 29.--For the multifarious laws respecting
the coinage see _Autos Acordados_, Lib. V, Tit. xxi.
[1055] Discorsos apolóxicos (Coll. de Doc. inéd., LXXI, 220).
[1056] I owe this passage to Professor James Harvey Robinson's
"Readings in European History," II, 25.
[1057] Colmeiro, Córtes de los antiguos Reinos, II, 223.
[1058] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. III, p. 256, 287; V, 18; VI, 360.
[1059] Relazioni Lucchese, pp. 58, 70.
[1060] Discurso político (Semanario erúdito, II, 143).
A modern writer attributes to the infusion of Saracen blood this
characteristic--"este carácter indolente y apático, que nos impede
llegar á tiempo en nuestras empresas, ó que no nos consiente llevarlas
á termino bien cumplido."--Madrazo, El pueblo español ha muerto? p. 29
(Santander, 1903).
[1061] Francisco Santos, El No Importe de España, pp. 149, 203 (Madrid,
1668).
[1062] Dávila, Vida de Felipe III, p. 216.
[1063] Pedro Fernández Navarrete, Discursos políticos, fol. 66
(Barcelona, 1621).
See also his later _Conservacion de Monarquias_, Discurso XLVI (Madrid,
1626) where he states that there were thirty-two universities and more
than four thousand grammar-schools where Latin was taught.
[1064] Semanário erúdito, XXVI, 108.--Jovellanos, Informe, p. 154.
[1065] Relazioni Lucchese, p. 89.
[1066] Semanário erúdito, VII, 167, 169.
[1067] Juan de Valera, Disertaciones y Judicios literários, p. 201
(Madrid, 1878).--Reconstitucion de España, p. 29.
[1068] See the very instructive sketch by D. Antonio Rodríguez Villa,
"Patiño y Campillo," Madrid, 1882.
[1069] Vida política y ministerial del Conde de Floridablanca. This, I
believe, has never been printed. My copy is in MS.
[1070] Córtes de los antiguos Reinos, I, 605; II, 55, 66, 134, 140, 143.
[1071] Córtes de los antiguos Reinos, 1, 2, 24, 42, 43, 51, 244, 246,
289, 291, 360-1, 470.--Fuero viejo, Lib. v, Tit. ii, ley 1; Lib. I,
Tit. i, ley 3.
[1072] Córtes etc. III, 339-40.
[1073] Ibidem, 516-18.--Autos acordados, Lib. V, Tit. x, Auto 1.
[1074] Colmeiro, Córtes, II, 88, 98, 121, 147, 163, 168, 180, 192, 199,
207.--Córtes de Madrid del año de Setenta y tres, Peticion 57 (Alcalá.
1575).
[1075] Bleda, Coronica de los Moros, pp. 864, 1025.
[1076] Salazar, Crónica del Gran Cardenal de España, Lib. I, cap. 68
(Madrid, 1625).
[1077] Dávila, Vida de Felipe III, p. 216.
[1078] Cespedes y Meneses, Don Felipe Quarto, Lib, II, cap. 10.
[1079] Cartas de Jesuitas (Mem. hist. español, XIII, 86).
[1080] Autos Acordados, Lib. IV, Tit. i, Auto 4.
[1081] Llorente, Coleccion diplomática, p. 44.
[1082] Autos Acordados, Lib. V, Tit. x, Auto 3.
[1083] C. Trident. Sess. XXI, De Reform. cap. 2; Sess. XXIII, De
Reform. cap. 4, 5, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14; Sess. XXV, De Reg. et Mon.
cap. 3.
[1084] Innocent. PP. XIII, Constit. _Apostolici ministerii_, 13 Maii,
1723. Confirmed by Benedict XIII, September 23, 1724 (Bullar. Roman.
XIII, 60).
[1085] Semanário erúdito, X, 149-58.
[1086] Ibidem, VII, 172, 182-4; VIII, 231-33.
[1087] Novís. Recop., Lib. 1, Tit. v, leyes 14, 15, 17, 18. Under
Carlos III the numbers of the clergy were:
1768. 1787. Parish priests 15,639 16,689 Beneficed clergy, vicars etc.
51,408 42,707 Regular clergy, males 55,453 47,515 Do. Do. females
27,665 24,559 Servants, sacristans, acolytes, etc. 25,248 16,376
Treasurers of religious houses 8,552 4,127 -------- -------- 183,965
151,973
The falling off in 1787 is probably due to greater rigor in
scrutinizing claims to exemption.
[1088] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. V, p. 19.
[1089] Ricordi sulla Spagna nell'anno 1853 (Ibidem, III, 469).
[1090] Conservacion de Monarquías, Discurso XLV.
[1091] Bibl. nacional, MSS., D, 118, fol. 146, n 49.
[1092] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. V, p. 450.
[1093] Ibidem, T. VI, p. 378.--Zanetornato, p. 88.
The _subsidio_ was a grant from Paul IV to arm sixty galleys, a purpose
which was speedily forgotten. The _excusado_ was a grant from Paul V
empowering the king to claim in each parish the tithe of the largest
tithe-payer, but it led to difficulties in collecting and was commuted.
[1094] Archivo de Simancas, Inquisicion de Granada, Expedientes varios,
Leg. 2.
[1095] Jovellanos, Informe, p. 88.
[1096] Marina, Teoria de las Córtes, P. I, cap. xiii, n. 24 (Madrid,
1820).
The burden of the tithe was the same in France under the _ancien
régime_. As a recent writer remarks "Les dimes étaient une des plus
lourdes, peutêtre même celle qui pesait sur les campagnes de la façon
la plus générale et la plus fâcheuse ... on ne devrait pas oublier
que le droit en lui-même était, le plus souvent, bien moins odieux,
moins funeste, que les abus auxquels il donnait lieu ou servait de
prétexte."--Edme Champion, La Séparation de l'Eglise et de l'Etat en
1794 (Paris, 1903).
The tithes and first fruits were by no means the only ecclesiastical
exaction which impoverished the husbandman. An anonymous _Presbítero
secular_ who, in 1828, vigorously defended the temporalities of the
Church, candidly admits the oppressiveness of some of its revenues.
Among those enumerated was one known as _Luctuosa_--the right to the
best head of cattle on the death of the peasant. The lay lords had
mostly commuted this for a small money payment, but the clergy farmed
it out and the farmers exacted it with the utmost rigor, not only on
the death of the head of a family but on that of every member, so
that the survivors, in the hour of bereavement, were often stripped
of the means of cultivating their holdings. In 1787 the people of the
see of Lugo, after a long struggle, obtained from Carlos III a decree
restricting it to the death of the head of the family and commuting it
to a money payment of sixty reales when four head of cattle were owned
and lesser sums for a smaller number.--Historia y Origen de las Rentas
de la Iglesia de España, pp. 90-7 (Madrid, 1828).
This exaction was by no means confined to Spain. See Burn's Law
Dictionary s. v. Heriot and Du Cange s. vv. _Hereotum_, _Luctuosa_.
[1097] Breve Memoria (Döllinger, Beiträge zur polit. kirchl. u.
Cultur-Geschichte, III, 203).
[1098] C. Hispalens. ann. 1512, cap. 13, 17, 23, 26, 27 (Aguirre, T.
V).--Barrantes, Aparato para la Hist. de Extremadura, I, 469.
[1099] De justa Hæreticorum punitione, Lib. III, cap. 5.
[1100] Comentarios, fol. 167, 260.
[1101] Archivo de Simancas, Patronato Real, Inq., Leg. único, fol. 76.
[1102] Synod. Oriolan., ann. 1600, cap. xxviii (Aguirre, VI, 457).
[1103] Alphonsus a Castro adversus Hæreses, Lib. I, cap. xii.
[1104] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. V, p. 79.
[1105] Col. de Doc. inéd., V, 83, 85.
[1106] Bleda, Corónica de los Moros, p. 910.--See Bonifacii PP. VIII.
Bull. _Unam Sanctam_ (Extrav. Commun., Lib. I, Tit. VIII, cap. 1). Also
the _De Regimine Principum_, Lib. III, cap. x, xiii, xix, which passes
under the name of Aquinas.
[1107] Picatoste, La Grandeza y Decadencia de España, III, 192 (Madrid,
1887).
[1108] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. II, p. 208.
[1109] Dávila, Hist. de Felipe III, Lib. II, cap. lvii.
[1110] Bulario de la Orden de Santiago, Lib. V, fol. 93, 95, 97.
[1111] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. I, pp. 341-2; II, 61, 213; III,
222-3.
[1112] Sandoval, Vida del Emp. Carlos V, II, 740, 777, 792 (Barcelona,
1625).
[1113] Gachard, Correspondance de Philippe II, Tom. II, 27, 44, 58;
III, 588.
[1114] Pallavicini, Hist. Conc. Trident., Lib. XIV, cap. xi, n. 2.
See also the letter of St. Pius V, April 26, 1569, to the Duke of Anjou
(Henry III) congratulating him on his victory over the Huguenots at
Jarnac, and urging him to show himself inexorable to those who should
plead for mercy towards heretics and rebels.--Pii Quinti Epistolar.
Lib. V, p. 168 (Antverpiæ, 1640).
[1115] Testamento y Codicilo del Rey Don Felipe II, p. 14 (Madrid,
1882).
[1116] Relazioni Lucchese, p. 16.
[1117] In his instructions to Colonel Lockhart, his envoy to France
after the negotiation of the treaty of 1656, Cromwell tells him to
explain to Cardinal Mazarin "what my principles are which led me to a
closure with France rather than with Spaine ... viz. that the one gives
libertie of conscience to the professors of the Protestant religion and
the other persecuteing it with losse of life and estate."--Prof. C. H.
Firth, in English Historical Review, October, 1906, p. 744.
[1118] Coleccion de Tratados de Paz; Phelipe IV, P. VII, p. 685.
[1119] MSS. of Bodleian Library, Arch Seld., 130.
[1120] A. de Castro adv. Hæreses, Lib. I, cap. xiii.
[1121] Comentarios, fol. 209.
Spain was not exceptional in this. In 1700, a pastoral of Archbishop
Precipiano of Mechlin describes with equal energy this profanation of
saints' days.--Collectio Synodorum Archiep. Mechliniensis, II, 434
(Mechliniæ, 1829).
[1122] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. V, p. 18.--In 1565, Giovanni
Soranzo makes the same statement and both remark on the facility with
which Spanish troops passed over to the infidel--Ibid, p. 82.
[1123] Aspilcueta de Oratione, cap. v, n. 25-35.
It was not until 1772 that Carlos III prohibited, in the churches of
Madrid, the dances and _gigantones_ and _tarascas_, or great pasteboard
figures of giants and serpents, in the processions, as causing disorder
and interfering with devotion; and in 1780 this was extended over the
whole kingdom.--Novís. Recop., Lib. I, Tit. i, ley 12.
[1124] Santos, El no Importe, pp. 107-31.--For a similar description
by Juan de Zabaleta see his "El dia de fiesta," Obras, p. 166 (Madrid,
1728). The _El no Importe_ was reprinted in 1787.
These profanities were not confined to Spain and were condemned
by the Council of Tours in 1583 and by Archbishop Precipiano of
Mechlin, in 1700.--Concil. Turonens., ann. 1583, Tit. xv (Harduin X,
1424).--(Collect. Synod. Mechlin., II, 436).
[1125] Bibliothèque nationale de France, fonds Dupuy, no. 589, fol. 30.
[1126] Relacion del Auto de fe de 1733. Discurso isagogico, § 2 (Lima,
1733).
[1127] P. Ricardo Cappa, S. J., La Inquisicion española, Madrid, 1888.
[1128] Don A. Rodríguez Villa has printed the essential portions of
this memorial in the _Boletin_ for July--September 1906, pp. 87-103. It
is anonymous and without date, though he tells us that a note on the
MS., in a contemporary hand, attributes it to P. Hernando de Salazar or
to D. Diego Serrano de Silva, of the Suprema. It is unquestionably by
a member of the Suprema, for no one else would have such knowledge of
the internal affairs of the Inquisition or discourse of them so freely,
even to the sovereign. Allusion to the successes of the Dutch in Brazil
assign it to the time, between 1620 and 1630, when there was so much
discussion as to the Portuguese New Christians (see Vol. III, p. 275),
to which this paper was doubtless a contribution.
[1129] Oligarquía y Caciquismo, pp. 22, 679 (Madrid, 1903).
[1130] Doctor Madrazo, while deploring the antinational policy of
the ecclesiastical establishment, bears emphatic testimony to the
individual virtues of the clergy, regular and secular and their efforts
to realize, each in his own sphere, the ideal of Christianity. He
attributes their influence on Spanish policy to the power possessed
by the papacy of precipitating through them at any moment a Carlist
revolt.--El Pueblo español ha muerto? pp. 140-6 (Santander, 1903).
In a very thoughtful paper, Professor Rafael Altamira and his
colleagues of the University of Oviedo allude to the theocratic
reaction which opposes all progress in the direction of toleration
and culture and which threatens a civil war that would be the end of
Spain.--Oligarquía y Caciquismo, p. 192.
[1131] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. VI, p. 371; T. V, p.
288.--Spicilegio Vaticano, I, 461.--Relazioni Lucchese, p. 21.
[1132] Ortí y Lara, La Inquisicion, p. xiv.--Macias Picavea, El
Problema, p. 229.
[1133] This is largely the case in the detail often given of the
practices of sorcery. For these there might be some excuse offered, but
there is none when wholly superfluous descriptions are included of vice
too nauseous to bear transcription.
[1134] Corella, Praxis Confeseionis, P. II, Perorat. n. 3.--Picatoste,
III, 113-23, 158, 162.--Villa, La Corte y Monarquía, p. xvi.
[1135] Chapters from the Religious History of Spain, p. 102.
[1136] Döllinger u. Reusch, Moral-Streitigkeiten, I, 319.
[1137] For this social anarchy see Picatoste, III, 86-9.
[1138] Roda, Dictamen á una Consulta (MS. _penes me_).
[1139] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 69, fol. 2, 8.
[1140] Corpo Diplomatico Portugues, III, 247.
[1141] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. II, p. 40; T. III, p. 252; T. V,
pp. 22, 83, 144, 288, 392, 485; T. VI, pp. 367, 412.
[1142] Erasmi Epistolæ, Auctarium, p. 114 (Londoni, 1642).
[1143] Mariana, Hist. de España, Lib. XXIV, cap. xvii.
[1144] Archivo de Simancas, Inq. de Barcelona, Córtes, Leg. 17, fol. 74.
[1145] Historia verdadera, III, 509.
[1146] Die Kirchengeschichte von Spanien, Bd. III, Abt II, p. 74.--Cf.
Hefele, Der Cardinal Ximenes, pp. 327 sqq.
Father Gams exposes his ignorance when he tells us that he excludes the
burnings for other crimes than heresy, as if there were such, except
the rare cases of unnatural crime in Aragon. He even implies that the
Inquisition burnt for usury and smuggling.
[1147] Hist. crít., T. IX, pp. 209, 211, 213, 214 (Madrid, 1822).
The total of Llorente's extravagant guesses, from the foundation of the
Inquisition to 1808, is:
Burnt in person 31,912 Burnt in effigy 17,659 Heavily penanced 291,450
------- 341,021
Hist. crít, IX, 233.
This is slightly modified by Gallois in his abridgement of Llorente's
work (Histoire abregée de la Inquisition d'Espagne, 6^{e} Ed., p.
351-2, Paris, 1828). He gives the figures:
Burnt alive 34,658 Burnt in effigy 18,049 Condemned to galleys or
prison 288,214 ------- 340,921
It will be observed that Gallois unscrupulously classifies all personal
relaxations as burnings alive and all penances as galleys or prison.
[1148] Hist. de los Judíos de España, III, 492-3.
[1149] Procedimientos de la Inquisicion, I, 116-17 (Madrid, 1886).
[1150] Pulgar, Cronica, P. II, cap. lxxvii.
[1151] L. Marinæi Siculi de Reb. Hispan., Lib. XIX.--Illescas, Hist.
Pontifical, P. II, Lib. VI, c. xix.--Mariana, Hist. de España, Lib.
XXIV, cap. xvii.--Páramo, p. 139.--Garibay, Comp. Hist., Lib. XVIII,
cap. xvii.
[1152] Hist. de los Reyes Católicos, cap. xliv.
[1153] Zuñiga, Annales de Sevilla, año 1524, n. 3--Varflora, Compendio
de Sevilla, P. II, cap. 1.
[1154] Bernáldez, _ubi sup._
[1155] Lalaing, Voyage de Philippe le Beau (Gachard, Voyages des
Souverains, I, 203).
[1156] Zurita, Añales, Lib. XX, cap. xlix. The fact that so careful an
historian as Zurita, who sought everywhere for documentary evidence,
had no official statistics to cite shows that none such existed in the
Suprema relating to the early years of the Inquisition.
[1157] Relazioni Venete, Serie I, T. II, p. 40.
[1158] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 262.--It is
possible that these figures may be only of residents of Ciudad Real.
Páramo (p. 170) states the numbers for the tribunal, during its two
years of existence, at 52 relaxations in person, 220 in effigy and 183
reconciliations. The record just cited gives for Ciudad Real, from
1484 to 1531, 113 relaxed in person, 129 in effigy, 16 reconciled, 11
penanced, 19 absolved, 3 discharged on bail and 8 of which the sentence
is not stated--all, apparently, residents of the town.
[1159] Relacion de la Inquisicion Toledana (Boletin, XI, 292 sqq).
The Córdova tribunal also burned 90 residents of Chillon, who had been
duped by the prophetess of Herrera (Ibidem, p. 308).
[1160] Hist. crit., IX, 210.
[1161] See Appendix of Vol. I. It must be borne in mind that, in the
early years, small autos were held elsewhere than in the centres. Thus,
in the _Libro Verde_ there are allusions to them in Barbastro, Huesca,
Monzon, Lérida and Tamarit (Revista de España, CVI, 250-1, 263-4, 266).
The aggregate for these, however, would make little difference in the
totals.
[1162] Libro Verde (Revista de España, CVI, 570-83). The relaxations by
years were:
1483--1 1495--9 1512--4 1542--1 1485--4 1496--1 1520--1 1543--1
1486--26 1497--18 1521--2 1546--2 1487--25 1498--2 1522--1 1549--1
1488--13 1499--13 1524--1 1561--4 1489--2 1500--5 1526--1 1563--1
1490--1 1502--2 1528--2 1565--1 1491--10 1505--1 1534--1 1566--1
1492--15 1506--5 1535--1 1567--2 1493--11 1510--1 1537--1 1574--2
1494--1 1511--5 1539--1
The number in 1486-7-8 is attributable to the assassination of San
Pedro Arbués.
[1163] Carbonell de Gestis Hæret. (Col. de Doc. de la C. de Aragon,
XXVII, XXVIII).
[1164] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Valencia, Leg. 98, 300.
[1165] Cronicon de Valladolid (Col. de Doc. inéd., XIII, 176-9, 187).
[1166] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 595.
[1167] MSS. of Library of Univ. of Halle, Yc, 20, T. I.
[1168] Archivo hist. nacional, Inq. de Toledo, Leg. 1.
[1169] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 1020.
[1170] Royal Library of Berlin, Qt. 9548.
To illustrate the discrepancy between the facts as stated above and the
reckless computations of Llorente, which have been so largely accepted,
it may not be amiss to compare the facts with the corresponding figures
resulting from his system of calculation, for the tribunals and periods
named:
Records. Llorente. Toledo, 1483-1501. Relaxed in person 297 666 Relaxed
in effigy 600 433 Imprisoned, about 200} Reconciled under edicts 5200}
6,200 Do. 1575-1610. Relaxed in person 11 252 Relaxed in effigy 15 120
Penanced 904 1,396 Do. 1648-1794. Relaxed in person 8 297 Relaxed in
effigy 63 129 Penanced 1094 1,188 up to 1746. Saragossa, 1485-1502.
Relaxed in person 124 584 Relaxed in effigy 32 392 Penanced 458 7,004
Barcelona, 1488-98. Relaxed in person 23 432 Relaxed in effigy 430 316
Imprisoned 116} Reconciled under edicts 304} 5,122 Valencia, 1485-1592.
Relaxed in person 643 1,538 Relaxed in effigy 479 869 Tried 3104 16,677
penanced. Valladolid, 1485-92. Relaxed in person 50 424 Relaxed in
effigy 6 312 Penanced ? 3,884 Majorca, 1488-1691. Relaxed in person
139 1,778 Relaxed in effigy 482 978 Penanced 975 17,861 All tribunals,
1721-27. Relaxed in person 77 238 Relaxed in effigy 74 119 Penanced 811
1,428
It will thus be seen how entirely fallacious was the guess-work on
which Llorente based his system.
An even more conclusive comparison is furnished by the little tribunal
of the Canaries. After 1524, Llorente includes it among the tribunals
by which he multiplies the number of yearly victims assigned to each.
He thus makes it responsible, from first to last, for 1118 relaxations
in person and 574 in effigy. Millares (Historia de la Inquisicion en
las Islas Canaries, III, 164-8) has printed the official list of the
_quemados_ during the whole career of the tribunal, and they amount
in all to eleven burnt in person and a hundred and seven in effigy.
The number of the latter is accounted for by the fact that, to render
its autos interesting, it was often in the habit of prosecuting _in
absentia_ Moorish and negro slaves who escaped to Africa after baptism
and who thus were constructively relapsed.
Dr. Schäfer (Beiträge, I, 157), after an exhaustive examination of the
accessible records, has collected references to 2100 persons tried
for Protestantism during the second half of the sixteenth century.
Protestants were punished with special severity, but in these cases the
total of relaxations in person was about 220 and in effigy about 120,
and all these, as we have seen, were largely foreigners.
[1171] Bernáldez, Hist. de los Reyes Católicos, cap. xliv.
[1172] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 979, fol. 40.
[1173] Garau, La Fee triunfante, pp. 86, 91.
It should not be forgotten that it was only in 1790 that in England the
burning of women for high and petty treason was commuted to drawing and
hanging by 30 Geo. III, cap. 48 (Statutes at Large, XVI, 57).
[1174] Juan de Valera, Del Influjo de la Inquisicion (Disertaciones,
p. 108).--Menéndez y Pelayo, II, 707.--Ortí y Lara, La Inquisicion, p.
270.--P. Ricardo Cappa, La Inquisicion española, p. 146.
[1175] Estudio del Maestre Nebrija, pp. 53-7, 97 (Madrid, 1879).
[1176] Historía de España, Prólogo.
[1177] Las Cinco Excelencias del Español, fol. 49, 52 (Pamplona, 1629).
[1178] See tracts by Laurean Pérez of Salamanca and Gerónimo López of
Saragossa in Bodleian Library, A, Subt. 16.
[1179] Revista crítica de Historia y Literatura, T. VI, p. 6.
[1180] Ochoa, Epistolario español, II, 182.
[1181] Elógio de la Reina Católica Doña Isabel, p. 51 (Madrid, 1821.)
[1182] Del Influjo de la Inquisicion (Disertaciones, pp. 108, 121).
[1183] Strype's Memorials, II, 214-15.--Burnet's Reformation, Vol. II,
Collections, n. 33.--XXIX Car. II, c. 9 (Statutes at Large, II, 390).
[1184] Archivo de Simancas, Inq., Lib. 942, fol. 53.--MSS. of Royal
Library of Copenhagen, 218^{b}, p. 200.--See Appendix.
* * * * *
Typographical errors corrected by the etext transcriber:
Arcihvo de Simancas=> Archivo de Simancas {pg 25 n.}
The technicalties=> The technicalities {pg 115}
It if were religious=> If it were religious {pg 178}
Archvio de Simancas=> Archivo de Simancas {pg 304}
for a neice=> for a niece {pg 312}
pronouncd=> pronounced {pg 367}
After the battle of Liepzig=> After the battle of Leipzig {pg 419}
inquisitorial acivity=> inquisitorial activity {pg 501}
commerical era=> commericial era {pg 505}
Bernières-Louvigni, his Quietism, iv, 63=> Bernières-Louvigny, his
Quietism, iv, 63 {pg 554 index}
conflicts of jurisdicition, i, 514=> conflicts of jurisdiction, i, 514
{pg 555 index}
Climent, Bp., of Barcelona, iv, 293=> Clíment, Bp., of Barcelona, iv,
293 {pg 561 index}
Días, Blanquina, case of, ii, 122=> Díaz, Blanquina, case of, ii, 122
{pg 567 index}
condemns the _Mistíca Ciudad_, iv, 40=> condemns the _Mística Ciudad_,
iv, 40 {pg 579 index}