[Footnote 1: _V._ Tootal, p. XCV.]
[Footnote 2: _V._ Klüpfel, pp. 121 and 162.]
[Footnote 3: _Cf._ Sommer: "Manoel Beckmann." _German American Annals._
New Series. Vol. 14, Nos. 5 and 6, 1916, pp. 189-196. Also Pereira da
Silva: _Quadros_.... p. 111.]
[Footnote 4: _V._ Ludwig, p. 27.]
[Footnote 5: It is emphasized that only colonies (state, provincial, or
private) in which the German element forms an important part of the
population are noted.]
[Footnote 6: These are commonly designated as "Imperial Colonies."]
[Footnote 7: A comparatively very small number of Germans are located in
the northern and western states of Brazil. They primarily follow
business or professional careers and can hardly be classed as settlers.
Consequently they do not come in consideration in this work.]
[Footnote 8: _Cf._ Sellin, _Das Kaiserreich Brasilien_, Vol. II, p. 80.]
[Footnote 9: Ibid.]
[Footnote 10: Formerly called "Philadelphia."]
[Footnote 11: _Cf._ Report of Pedro Rache, _Inspector do Serviço de
Povoamento_, in _Relatorio._]
[Footnote 12: Koehler was born in Mainz in 1810. At the age of 23 he
went to Brazil and soon became a naturalized citizen of the country. He
entered the government service and was promoted to the rank of major in
the engineering corps in 1842. Died in Petropolis in 1847.]
[Footnote 13: _Cf._ report of the inspector Antonio Ribeiro de Castro
Sobrinho in _Relatorio._]
[Footnote 14: _V._ Marcondes de Souza: _O Estado de São Paulo_, p. 195.
_Cf._ statement by Ernst Heinke in _Jahrbuch, Erstes_ ..., p. 250.]
[Footnote 15: I.e., lease of a section of land for the return of
one-half of the yearly products.]
[Footnote 16: A Prussian ministerial decree (also adopted by other
German states) forbidding the emigration of German citizens to Brazil.
In 1896 it was revoked for the three most southern states of Brazil,
i.e., Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catharina and Paraná.]
[Footnote 17: _Cf._ statements by C.F. Scheler in _Jahrbuch, Erstes_
..., p. 175 ff.]
[Footnote 18: In 1828 according to Grossi, p. 168.]
[Footnote 19: Paraná was separated from São Paulo in 1853.]
[Footnote 20: _V._ Sellin, _Das Kaiserreich Brasilien_, Vol. II, p.
111.]
[Footnote 21: _Cf._ report of the inspector Manoel F. Ferreira Correia
in _Relatorio._]
[Footnote 22: Information furnished by Johann Potucek,
Austro-Hungarian Consul in Curityba.]
[Footnote 23: This is commonly referred to as the first colony in Santa
Catharina. However, Grossi (p. 168) refers to a _Colonia Alemão o
Conselheiro Pedreira_ (state colony) founded in 1827.]
[Footnote 24: Lacmann (p. 8) states that _Gross Itajahy_ was founded in
1829.]
[Footnote 25: Born 1819 at Hasselfelde in Braunschweig. Specialized in
pharmacy. In 1849 came to Brazil and laid out plans for a colony. From
1850 to 1880 he was primarily occupied in directing the colony which
bears his name. This colony was emancipated in 1880, but Dr. Blumenau
remained on the scene of his former activities until 1884, when he
returned to Germany. Died 1898.]
[Footnote 26: _V. Le Brésil Meridional,_ p. 309.]
[Footnote 27: The term "municipio" denotes a city or town together with
the surrounding districts coming under the same jurisdiction; frequently
(as used in this work) an emancipated colony.]
[Footnote 28: According to census of 1907 and calculations to date
(September, 1916) in the archives at Blumenau.]
[Footnote 29: The term "Stadtplatz" as used by the colonists designates
the seat or governmental center of a particular colony. Portuguese
"sede."]
[Footnote 30: So named in honor of the president of the state at the
time, Dr. Araujo Brusque.]
[Footnote 31: Information furnished by E. Bloch, _Engenheiro Chefe da
Estrada de Ferro Santa Catharina._]
[Footnote 32: Grossi, p. 162.]
[Footnote 33: _Cf._ Ludwig, p. 84.]
[Footnote 34: A particularly strong current of German settlers has in
recent years been moving into Ijuhy, mostly by indirect immigration.]
[Footnote 35: _Cf._ report of the inspector C. Lila da Silveira in
_Relatorio_.]
[Footnote 36: About equal to that of the United States without the
colonies and Alaska, but with the state of Texas doubled.]
[Footnote 37: The study of emigration reports in European archives does
not help us much because by no means did all persons listed as emigrants
for Brazil finally arrive in the latter country.]
[Footnote 38: In order to enable the reader to put a correct valuation
on the popular bugaboo, the "perigo allemão" (German peril), the
following facts are noted by way of comparison:
According to the statistics above referred to, the German immigrants
occupy fourth place in point of numbers for the period 1820-1915,
inclusive. They are superseded by:
a) Italians. First mentioned in the records 1836.
Total to 1862.................................... 209
Total to and including 1915...................... 1,348,777
b) Portuguese. First noted in 1837.
Total to and including 1915...................... 977,524
c) Spaniards. First noted 1841.
Total to 1868.................................... 274
Total to and including 1915...................... 470,107]
[Footnote 39: Dr. Ernst Wagemann, of the Kolonialinstitut, Hamburg,
recently estimated the German population of Espirito Santo at
20,000-30,000, according to statements by W. Münzenthaler, German
Consular-General in Rio.]
[Footnote 40: The above estimates refer to conditions at the end of
1915. The estimate for the total population of the country for that year
was 23,000,000.]
=CHAPTER II.=